5.1-5.

3 Graphing Trig Functions, Reciprocal Trig Functions, and Transformations

GRAPHS OF SINE AND COSINE FUNCTIONS

Example 1: Graph y = sinx

Show two cycles

y = sinx is a periodic function because the curve keeps repeating itself. The period of sinx is 2 π
because the curve repeats itself every 2 π radians. (When degrees are used to graph the function,
then the period is 360º) The amplitude of sinx is 1.

Amplitude: the amplitude a is half of the vertical distance from the maximum to the minimum of the
curve. Amplitude is always positive.

Example 2: Graph y = cosx. Show two cycles

Example 3: Fill the following table based on the graphs above.

y = sinx y = cosx
Amplitude
Min value
Max value
Period
key points every every
(zeroes/max/mix)
(quarter period)
Equation of axis
Domain
Range
Transformations of Trigonometric Functions
The graphs of f ( x) = a sin( k ( x − d )) + c and f ( x) = a cos(k ( x − d )) + c have the following
characteristics:
• Amplitude= a
2π
• Period=
k
• Phase shift to the right if d>0 and shift to the left if d<0
• Equation of the axis; y = c

These functions can be sketched by finding amplitude, period, the locations of key points (every
quarter period), phase shift, template (units on x-axis), and equation of axis.

Example 1: Graph y = 3sinx Show two cycles

Amplitude
Period
Key Points every
(quarter period)
Phase shift
Template(units
on x-axis)
equation of axis

Example 2: Graph y = 2sinx -1 Show two cycles

Amplitude
Period
Key Points every
(quarter period)
Phase shift
Template(units
on x-axis)
equation of axis
Example 3: Graph y = 3cosx +2 Show two cycles

Amplitude
Period
Key Points every
(quarter period)
Phase shift
Template(units
on x-axis)
equation of axis

Example 4: Graph y = -2sinx +1 Show two cycles

Amplitude
Period
Key Points every
(quarter period)
Phase shift
Template(units
on x-axis)
equation of axis

 π
Example 5: Graph y = sin  x −  Show two cycles
 3

Amplitude
Period
Key Points every
(quarter period)
Phase shift
Template(units
on x-axis)
equation of axis
   π 
Example 6: Graph y = 3cos 2 x +  Show two cycles
  6 

Amplitude
Period
Key Points every
(quarter period)
Phase shift

Template(units
on x-axis)
equation of axis

1  π 
Example 7: Graph y = −2 sin   x −  +1 Show two cycles
2  4 
Amplitude
Period
Key Points every
(quarter period)
Phase shift
Template(units
on x-axis)
equation of axis

2 
Example 8: What is the period of y = cos  x 
3 
  3x π 
Example 9: Find the period, amplitude, and phase shift of y = -5sin  − 
 2 4

Example 10: Write an equation of the function graphed below, in terms of both (i) y = and
(ii) y =
Example 11: Write an equation of the function graphed below, in terms of both (i) y = and
(ii) y =

Graphs of tanx, secx, and cscx

Question 1: Graph y = tanx.
x sinx cosx tanx
0
π
4
π
2
π
3
4
π
π
5
4
Vertical asymptotes are located at __________
3π
2 Period of y = tanx:
π
7
4
2π
Characteristics of Reciprocal Functions:

Question 2: Graph y = cosx and y = secx on the same grid. Show two cycles

V.A’s are located at___________

Period:

Question 3: Graph y = sinx and y = cscx on the same grid. Show two cycles .

V.A’s. are located at___________

Period:
  π π
Example 4: Graph y = csc x −  . Show two cycles 
 4 y= sin  x − 
 4
Amplitude
Period
Key Points every
(quarter period)
Phase shift
Template(units
on x-axis)
equation of axis

 π
Question 5: Graph y = sec x +  . Show two cycles.  π
 2 cos x + 
 2
Amplitude
Period
Key Points every
(quarter period)
Phase shift
Template(units
on x-axis)
equation of axis

 π
Question 6: Graph y = sec 2 x −  . Show two cycles.
 3  π
cos 2 x − 
 3
Amplitude
Period
Key Points every
(quarter period)
Phase shift
Template(units
on x-axis)
equation of axis
 π
Question 7: Determine the y-intercept of y = −3 tan( x + )+5
3

Question 8: Determine the period of the following trig. Functions.

a) y = cot 4 x + 5

b) y = −2 cot 0.1x

c) y = −3 csc 54 x

d) y = 0.5 sec1.2 x