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    PC Grphs of Trig F (X)

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    Hector R.
    The document discusses the properties and graphs of trigonometric functions including sine, cosine, tangent, and cotangent. Some key points: - The sine and cosine functions have a domain of real numbers, range from -1 to 1, are periodic with a period of 2π, and have a smooth curve shape. - To graph trigonometric functions, key points like maxima, minima and intercepts are located and the curve is drawn between these points, repeating for the whole domain. - Amplitude, period, and vertical asymptotes determine the shape and repetition of the graphs of trigonometric functions. - Basic trigonometric identities are used to graph functions involving negative inputs

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPS, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    PC Grphs of Trig F (X)

    Uploaded by

    Hector R.
    14K views14 pages
    The document discusses the properties and graphs of trigonometric functions including sine, cosine, tangent, and cotangent. Some key points: - The sine and cosine functions have a domain of real numbers, range from -1 to 1, are periodic with a period of 2π, and have a smooth curve shape. - To graph trigonometric functions, key points like maxima, minima and intercepts are located and the curve is drawn between these points, repeating for the whole domain. - Amplitude, period, and vertical asymptotes determine the shape and repetition of the graphs of trigonometric functions. - Basic trigonometric identities are used to graph functions involving negative inputs

    Original Description:

    Notes by Dr. David Archer teacher of Calculus at Andress High

    Original Title

    PC Grphs of Trig f(x)

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    © Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)

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    PPS, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

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    The document discusses the properties and graphs of trigonometric functions including sine, cosine, tangent, and cotangent. Some key points: - The sine and cosine functions have a domain of real numbers, range from -1 to 1, are periodic with a period of 2π, and have a smooth curve shape. - To graph trigonometric functions, key points like maxima, minima and intercepts are located and the curve is drawn between these points, repeating for the whole domain. - Amplitude, period, and vertical asymptotes determine the shape and repetition of the graphs of trigonometric functions. - Basic trigonometric identities are used to graph functions involving negative inputs

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPS, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pps, pdf, or txt
    14K views14 pages

    PC Grphs of Trig F (X)

    Uploaded by

    Hector R.
    The document discusses the properties and graphs of trigonometric functions including sine, cosine, tangent, and cotangent. Some key points: - The sine and cosine functions have a domain of real numbers, range from -1 to 1, are periodic with a period of 2π, and have a smooth curve shape. - To graph trigonometric functions, key points like maxima, minima and intercepts are located and the curve is drawn between these points, repeating for the whole domain. - Amplitude, period, and vertical asymptotes determine the shape and repetition of the graphs of trigonometric functions. - Basic trigonometric identities are used to graph functions involving negative inputs

    Copyright:

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    Graphs of Trigonometric

    Functions
    Properties of Sine and Cosine Functions

    The graphs of y = sin x and y = cos x have similar properties:

    1. The domain is the set of real numbers.


    2. The range is the set of y values such that − 1 ≤ y ≤ 1.
    3. The maximum value is 1 and the minimum value is –1.
    4. The graph is a smooth curve.
    5. Each function cycles through all the values of the range
    over an x-interval of 2π .
    6. The cycle repeats itself indefinitely in both directions of the
    x-axis.
    Graph of the Sine Function
    To sketch the graph of y = sin x first locate the key points.
    These are the maximum points, the minimum points, and the
    intercepts. π 3π
    x 0 π 2π
    2 2
    sin x 0 1 0 -1 0

    Then, connect the points on the graph with a smooth curve


    that extends in both directions beyond the five points. A
    single cycle is called a period.
    y y = sin x
    3π π 1 π 3π 5π
    − −
    2 −π 2 2 π 2 2π 2
    x

    −1
    Graph of the Cosine Function
    To sketch the graph of y = cos x first locate the key points.
    These are the maximum points, the minimum points, and the
    intercepts. π 3π
    x 0 2
    π 2π
    2
    cos x 1 0 -1 0 1

    Then, connect the points on the graph with a smooth curve


    that extends in both directions beyond the five points. A
    single cycle is called a period.
    y y = cos x
    3π π 1 π 3π 5π
    − −
    2 −π 2 2 π 2 2π 2
    x

    −1
    Example: Sketch the graph of y = 3 cos x on the interval [–π, 4π].
    Partition the interval [0, 2π] into four equal parts. Find the five key
    points; graph one cycle; then repeat the cycle over the interval.
    π 3π
    x 0 2 π 2 2π
    y = 3 cos x 3 0 -3 0 3
    max x-int min x-int max
    y
    (0, 3) (2π , 3)
    2
    −π 1 π 2π 3π 4π x

    −1 ( 3π , 0)
    −2 ( π , 0) 2
    2
    −3 ( π, –3)
    The amplitude of y = a sin x (or y = a cos x) is half the distance
    between the maximum and minimum values of the function.
    amplitude = |a|
    If |a| > 1, the amplitude stretches the graph vertically.
    If 0 < |a| > 1, the amplitude shrinks the graph vertically.
    If a < 0, the graph is reflected in the x-axis.
    y
    4

    y = sin x π 3π
    2 π 2 2π
    x
    1
    y= 2
    sin x
    y = – 4 sin x y = 2 sin x
    reflection of y = 4 sin x y = 4 sin x
    −4
    The period of a function is the x interval needed for the
    function to complete one cycle.
    For b > 0, the period of y = a sin bx is 2π .
    b
    For b > 0, the period of y = a cos bx is also 2π .
    b
    If 0 < b < 1, the graph of the function is stretched horizontally.
    y
    y = sin 2π period: 2π
    period: π y = sin x
    x
    −π π 2π

    If b > 1, the graph of the function is shrunk horizontally.


    y y = cos x
    1
    y = cos x period: 2π
    2 −π π 2π 3π 4π
    period: 4π x
    Use basic trigonometric identities to graph y = f (–x)
    Example 1: Sketch the graph of y = sin (–x).
    The graph of y = sin (–x) is the graph of y = sin x reflected in
    the x-axis. y y = sin (–x)
    Use the identity
    sin (–x) = – sin x x
    y = sin x π 2π

    Example 2: Sketch the graph of y = cos (–x).


    The graph of y = cos (–x) is identical to the graph of y = cos x.
    y
    Use the identity
    cos (–x) = – cos x x
    π 2π
    y = cos (–x)
    Example: Sketch the graph of y = 2 sin (–3x).
    Rewrite the function in the form y = a sin bx with b > 0
    Use the identity sin (– x) = – sin x: y = 2 sin (–3x) = –2 sin 3x
    2 π 2π
    amplitude: |a| = |–2| = 2 period: =
    b 3
    Calculate the five key points.
    x π π π 2π
    0 6 3 2 3

    y = –2 sin 3x 0 –2 0 2 0
    y
    ( π , 2)
    2 2
    π π π π 2π 5π
    2 3 π
    6 6 3 6 x
    (0, 0) ( π3 , 0) 2π
    −2
    ( , 0)
    (π , -2)
    3
    6
    Graph of the Tangent Function
    sin x
    To graph y = tan x, use the identity tan x = .
    cos x
    At values of x for which cos x = 0, the tangent function is
    undefined and its graph has vertical asymptotes.
    y
    Properties of y = tan x
    1. domain : all real x
    π
    x ≠ kπ + ( k ∈ Ζ ) π 3π
    2
    2. range: (–∞, +∞) 2 2
    x
    3. period: π − 3π −π
    2 2
    4. vertical asymptotes:
    π
    x = kπ + ( k ∈ Ζ )
    2
    period: π
    Example: Find the period and asymptotes and sketch the graph
    1 π π
    of y = tan 2 x x = − y x =
    3 4 4

    1. Period of y = tan x is .
    π
    → Period of y = tan 2 x isπ .
    2 3π π 1 π
    −
    8
     ,− 
     8 3 2
    x
    2. Find consecutive vertical
    asymptotes by solving for x: π 1
     ,   3π 1 
    π π  8 3  ,− 
    2x = − , 2x =  8 3
    2 2
    π π
    Vertical asymptotes: x = − , x =
    4 4
    π π π 3π
    3. Plot several points in (0, ) x − 0
    2 8 8 8
    1 1 1 1
    y = tan 2 x − 0 −
    4. Sketch one branch and repeat. 3 3 3 3
    Graph of the Cotangent Function
    cos x
    To graph y = cot x, use the identity cot x = .
    sin x
    At values of x for which sin x = 0, the cotangent function is
    undefined and its graph has vertical asymptotes.
    y
    Properties of y = cot x
    y = cot x
    1. domain : all real x
    x ≠ kπ ( k ∈ Ζ )
    2. range: (–∞, +∞) x
    3π −π π π π 3π 2π
    3. period: π −
    2
    −
    2 2 2
    4. vertical asymptotes:
    x = kπ ( k ∈ Ζ )

    vertical asymptotes x = −π x=0 x =π x = 2π


    Graph of the Secant Function
    1
    The graph y = sec x, use the identity sec x = .
    cos x
    At values of x for which cos x = 0, the secant function is undefined
    and its graph has vertical asymptotes.
    y y = sec x
    Properties of y = sec x 4

    1. domain : all real x


    π
    x ≠ kπ + (k ∈ Ζ) y = cos x
    2
    2. range: (–∞,–1] ∪ [1, +∞) x
    π π π 5π
    − 2π 3π
    3. period: π 2 2
    3π
    2 2

    4. vertical asymptotes:
    π
    x = kπ + ( k ∈ Ζ ) −4
    2
    Graph of the Cosecant Function
    1
    To graph y = csc x, use the identity csc x = .
    sin x
    At values of x for which sin x = 0, the cosecant function
    is undefined and its graph has vertical asymptotes.
    y y = csc x
    Properties of y = csc x 4

    1. domain : all real x


    x ≠ kπ ( k ∈ Ζ )
    2. range: (–∞,–1] ∪ [1, +∞)
    x
    3. period: π π π π 3π 2π 5π
    −
    2 2 2 2
    4. vertical asymptotes:
    x = kπ ( k ∈ Ζ ) y = sin x

    where sine is zero. −4

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