Patterns of Development

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Welcome
to
Reading And WRiting

Reading &
Thinking
Strategies
across Text
Types
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Name
It!
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PARAGRAPH DEVELOPMENT
Learning Competency: Compare and
contrast patterns of written texts
across disciplines.
a) Paragraph Development - EN11/12RWS-

IIIbf-3
b) Narration - EN11/12RWS-IIIbf-3.1
c) Description - EN11/12RWS-IIIbf-3.2
d) Definition - EN11/12RWS-IIIbf-3.3
e) Classification - EN11/12RWS-IIIbf-3.4
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paragraph
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✓ The word paragraph comes from two Greek

words: para which means “beyond” or
“beside” and graphein which means “to
write”.
✓ A paragraph is a collection of related
sentences with one central idea. Each
sentence shows connection to other
sentences in the paragraph.
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PATTERNS OF
DEVELOPMENT
➜ The logical arrangement of
ideas is known as the pattern of
development.
➜ The pattern helps you follow
ideas easily and understand a

text better.
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S T O R Y
J E O H T L R
P S X Y K M R
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E V E N T
J E O H T E S
P N X Y V M R
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V I V I D
J I O H T I S
V N X Y V M D
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N A R R A T E
R I O A T I S
E N X Y R M A
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NARRATION
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Narration
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✓ Narration, from the root word

narrates, originated from the Latin
word narrare— which means related
or told.
✓ It gives a written account of an event
or story, or simply, storytelling. The
sequence of events is told in
chronological order.
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Setting 20
It is the time and location in which a story

takes place.
Characters
The life-giving element of the story.
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Plot
• Exposition • Falling Action
• Rising Action • Denouement
• Climax
Point of View
• First Person POV
• Second Person POV
• Third Person POV
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D E T A I L
R D O A T I S
E N X L R M A
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S E N S O R Y
R I O A S I S
E N X Y R M A
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L O O K
K I O H T I O
V N X Y L M D
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Q U A L I T Y
U R T H A N P
Y I Q G E L M
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DESCRIPTION
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Description
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✓ Description gives information of what

a person, an object, a place or a
situation is like.
✓ It appeals to the reader’s senses.
✓ A descriptive paragraph has concrete
and specific details, which are
carefully chosen by a writer to paint a
picture in the mind of the reader.
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two types of description
Subjective
Objective
Description
description
describe an emotion, an
event, a thing, a place
factual description of or person, appealing to
the topic at hand emotions
According to Dagdag (2010),

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M E A N I N G
R N O X A E G
E P M I Q N H
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I N F O R M
N Q F D K R S
M O W I C Y P
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E L A B O R A T E
G O I A M L R O R
A E H E F D T B L
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- go
DEFINITION
- lo
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Definition
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✓ Definition explains a concept, term or

subject. Its main purpose is to tell
what something is.
✓ A definition explains what a term
means. When you want your
readers to know exactly how you
are using a certain term or an
unfamiliar concept , you use
definition.
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The following are the different types of definitions:
➜ Formal
Definition
➜ Informal
Definition
➜ Operational
➜ Synonyms ➜ Definition
➜ Denotation
➜ Connotation
Paragraph
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A simple definition has three parts: item, category and features.

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➜ What is meant by protein quality?
The term protein quality refers to the ratio of essential amino

acids (eaa) in a protein in comparison with the ratio required by the body.
A high quality protein contains eaa in a ratio that matches human
requirements. A protein which is lacking or low in one or more eaa is
termed a low quality protein. The eaa which is in the shortest supply is
called the ‘limiting’ amino acid. In general, animal proteins tend to be
high quality while vegetable proteins tend to be low quality. The
exception is soy protein which is quite high quality.
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C A T E G O R Y
G Y T D R C F
B A I O S E M
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E X A M P L E
X P E M U V E
R T A Y L K S
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i
- le
CLASSIFICATION
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Classification AND
EXEMPLIFICATION
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✓ Classification paragraphs group items

into categories, to establish a clear
distinction.
✓ If the topic encompasses a large body
of information, one effective way of
elaborating it is through classifying
things of distinct features into
groups/classes.
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S I M I L A R
H I D E I U A
M R R L G S L
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C H O I C E
K H N C T R O
F I E M C P D
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D I F F E R E N C E
F G K R L C I V E
N R D H F S W E O
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Comparison and
Contrast
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✓ A comparison tells how two things

are similar. A contrast tells how they
are different.
✓ A paragraph developed by
comparison and contrast has a
unifying idea or purpose of
attempting to weigh decisions
between two ideas or subjects.
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E X P L A I N
A F P C E W N
U X B I L L B
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R E A S O N
O D F Z I R Q
J E B A N L S
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F I S H B O N E
E I O W P S F L
Y H K F C N U B
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Cause and Effect

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✓ A cause is what makes a particular thing
happen.
✓ An effect is what results from a particular
situation, activity, or behavior.

✓ A paragraph developed by causal analysis
must not only raise the question why, but

also give answers to the satisfaction of the
reader.
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Cause and Effect paragraphs are written for
the following purposes:
• to discuss why a certain phenomenon
occurs
• to discuss the results of a
phenomenon, event, feeling or action
• to understand a situation
• to solve a problem
• to predict an outcome
• to entertain
• to persuade
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Some of the signal words used in this type of paragraph are
the following:
• For • For this reason

• Because • As a result
• Since • Consequently
• Due to • Otherwise
• So • Therefore
• But • Thus
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C A U S E
U R S D E U S
O A N L P C Z
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C O N C E R N
N O I L F E S
C A R C J N D
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Problem-Solution
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✓ In composition writing, problem-

solution is a method for analyzing
and writing about a topic by identifying
a problem and proposing one or more
solutions.
✓ Problem-solution paragraphs as the
term implies, presents and identifies a
problem and proposes possible
solution/s.
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Introduction Solution Paragraph
Problem Paragraph Conclusion

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C O N V I N C E
I Y L V X E O S
R N C F C D N P
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A R G U M E N T
T F R N N C U B
G Y M L A Q E S
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Persuasion
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✓ A persuasive paragraph tries to

convince the reader that a particular
point of view is worthy of
consideration. It wants you to consider
both sides of an issue, but it reveals a
bias in favor of one side over another.
✓ A persuasive paragraph intends to
convince readers to do or believe in
something.
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ANSWER THE
GIVE REASONS DRAW CONCLUSION
OPPOSITION
First (second, third, Of course Therefore

etc.) Some may say Thus
Another, Next Nevertheless Hence
Last, finally On the other hand Consequently
Because, since, for
Although

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1

Reading And WRiting

a) Paragraph Development - EN11/12RWS-

✓ The word paragraph comes from two Greek

ideas easily and understand a

✓ Narration, from the root word

It is the time and location in which a story

✓ Description gives information of what

two types of description

According to Dagdag (2010),

✓ Definition explains a concept, term or

The following are the different types of definitions:

A simple definition has three parts: item, category and features.

➜ What is meant by protein quality?

The term protein quality refers to the ratio of essential amino

✓ Classification paragraphs group items

✓ A comparison tells how two things

Cause and Effect

✓ A cause is what makes a particular thing

situation, activity, or behavior.

must not only raise the question why, but

• For • For this reason

✓ In composition writing, problem-

Introduction Solution Paragraph

Problem Paragraph Conclusion

✓ A persuasive paragraph tries to

First (second, third, Of course Therefore

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