8

Mathematics
Quarter 4 – Module 1
Theorems on Triangle
Inequalities
Mathematics – Grade 8
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 4 – Module 1: Theorems on Triangle Inequalities

First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education

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Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

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Writers: Ana Cleo C. Razon, Ph.D.

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Editors: Julius J. Igot, Ed.D.
Kenneth Regene B. Blasco
Management Team: Bianito A. Dagatan, Ed.D., CESO V
Schools Division Superintendent

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EPS, Mathematics

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Learning Competencies:
Illustrates theorems on triangle inequalities (Exterior Angle Inequality Theorem, Triangle
Inequality Theorem, Hinge Theorem) (M8GE-IVa-1).

At the end of the lesson, you are expected to:

 state and illustrate triangle inequality theorem;
 illustrate relations among angles and sides of a triangle; and
 state and illustrate hinge theorem and its converse.

Lesson 1: Exterior Angle Inequality Theorem

What is it
A
3

4 1 2
D C B
Figure 1. Different kinds of angles can be found inside and outside a triangle

The angles located inside a triangle are called interior angles. An angle located outside a triangle
and formed by a side and an extension of an adjacent side is an exterior angle of a triangle.
∠ ACD∨∠ 4 in figure 1 is an exterior angle of ∆ ABC. Angles A and B or angles 3 and 2 are called
remote interior angles or non-adjacent interior angles and ∠ ACB∨∠1 is called an adjacent interior
angle in relation to ∠ ACD∨∠ 4.
Definition 1.1. An exterior angle of a triangle is an angle adjacent and supplementary to one of its interior
angles.
Definition 1.2. An adjacent interior angle of a triangle is an interior angle that forms a linear pair with the
given exterior angle.
Definition 1.3. Remote interior angles of a triangle are angles that are not adjacent to its given exterior
angle.
Theorem 1.1.  Exterior Angle Inequality Theorem: The measure of an exterior angle of a triangle is
equal to the sum of the measures of the two non-adjacent interior angles or remote interior angles.
The theorem above states that if ∠4 is an exterior angle, its measure is equal to the sum of the
measures of the 2 interior angles to which it is not adjacent, namely, ∠2 and ∠3.
m∠4 = m∠2 + m∠3
Theorem 1.2. Exterior Angle Inequality Theorem: The measure of an exterior angle of a triangle is
greater than the measure of either of its remote interior angles.

m∠4 > m∠2

m∠4 > m∠3
Example: 5
Complete the table below by analyzing the given figure at the right.
1 2 3 4

Exterior Angles Remote Interior Angles Exterior Angle Inequality Theorem

m∠ 1 = m∠ 3 + m∠ 5
∠1 ∠ 3∧∠5 m∠ 1 > m∠ 3
m∠ 1> m∠ 5
∠4 ∠ 2∧∠5 m∠ 4 = m∠ 2+ m∠ 5
m∠ 4 > m∠ 2
m∠ 4 > m∠ 5
 What’s More

Directions:
Identify the exterior angle and its remote interior angles from the given illustration. And illustrate
the exterior angle inequality theorem. Fill-up the table on the answer sheet provided.
1

43 2

Lesson 2: Triangle Inequality Theorem

What is it

Theorem 1.3. Side-Angle Inequality Theorem: If two sides of a triangle are not congruent, then the
larger
angle lies opposite the longer side.
A In ∆ABC, if segment BC > segment AB, then
m∠ A >m∠ C .
B C
Theorem 1.4. Angle-Side Inequality Theorem: If two angles of a triangle are not congruent, then the
longer side lies opposite the larger angle.
A In ∆ABC, if m∠ A >m∠ C , then. segment BC >
segment AB.
B C
The Angle-Side Inequality Theorem is the converse of the Side-Angle Inequality Theorem.
Theorem 1.5. Triangle Inequality Theorem: The sum of the lengths of any two sides of a triangle is
greater than the length of the third side.
A In ∆ABC, AB ´ + BC´ > AC ´
´ + AC
AB ´ > BC ´
B C ´ + BC
AC ´ > AB ´
Examples:
Given the figure at the right, illustrate the relations among angles and sides of a triangle by
writing the correct inequality symbol (>, <,).
In ∆GEO, G E ´ > ´¿, then m∠ E > m∠O
1. if GO
´ < EG
2. if EO ´ , then m∠G < m∠O
´ +OE
3. ´¿ < GO ´ .
O 4. GO´ + ´¿ > EO´

What’s More

Directions:
Write the correct relation symbol (<, >) of the following statements.
In ∆TRI, T 1. if TI ´ , then m∠ R _____m∠ I .
´ < TR
´ , then m∠T ¿ ∠ R .
´ > TI
2. if IR
´ ´
R 3. IT + TR ______ IR ´.
4. TR´ _____ TI ´ + ŔI
I
 Lesson 3: Hinge Theorem

What is it

Theorem 1.6. Hinge Theorem (SAS Inequality): If two sides of a triangle are congruent to two sides of
another triangle but the included angle of the first triangle is greater than the included angle of the
second, then the third side of the first triangle is longer than the third side of the second triangle.
G L
´ ≅ LU
If GO ´ and GD ´ ≅ LV´ but m∠ G> m∠ L,
´ UV
then OD> ´ .

O D U V
Theorem 1.7. Converse of the Hinge Theorem (SSS Inequality). If two sides of a triangle are
congruent
to the two sides of another triangle but the third side of the first triangle is longer than the third
side
of the second triangle, then the angle between the pair of congruent sides in the first triangle is
greater than the corresponding angle in the second triangle.
G L
´ ≅ LU
If GO ´ and GD ´ ≅ LV
´ but OD>´ UV ´ ,
thenm∠G> m∠ L .

O D U V

Example:
Fill in the blanks with correct information. Refer to the illustration below.
T O M N

P A
1. The angle opposite ´¿ is ∠ P.
2. The side opposite ∠ A is MN ´ .
3. ´ ≅ ḾA and OP
If TP ´ ≅ NA ´ but m∠ P> m∠ A , then ´¿> MN
´ .
4. If TP ≅ ḾA and OP ≅ NA but ¿> MN , then m∠ P> m∠ A .
´ ´ ´ ´ ´

What’s More

D
Y
Directions:
Answer the following questions. E A
Refer the given illustration.
1. What side is opposite to ∠ E ? S M
2. What angle is opposite to side DM?
´ ≅ AD
3. If EY ´ and ÉS ≅ AM ´ but m∠ E <m∠ A , then YS
´ ¿ DM
´ .
 ´ ≅ EY
4. If AD ´ and AM
´ ≅ ES
´ but DM ´ , then m∠ A ¿ m∠ E .
´ > YS

Assessment

Directions:
Read and understand each item carefully. Write the letter of the correct answer on the
answer sheet provided.
1. It is an angle adjacent and supplementary to one of its interior angles.
a. Adjacent Interior b. Exterior c. Interior d. Remote Interior
2. They are interior angles that are not adjacent to its given exterior angle.
a. Adjacent Interior b. Exterior c. Interior d. Remote Interior
3. It is an inequality theorem which states that the measure of an exterior angle of a triangle is greater than
the measure of either of its remote interior angles.
a. Angle-Side b. Exterior Angle c. Hinge d. Triangle Inequality
4. It is an inequality theorem which states that if two sides of a triangle are not congruent, then the larger
angle lies opposite the longer side.
a. Angle-Side b. Hinge c. Side-Angle d. Triangle Inequality

5. It is an inequality theorem which states that if two sides of a triangle are congruent to two sides of
another triangle but the included angle of the first triangle is greater than the included angle of the
second, then the third side of the first triangle is longer than the third side of the second triangle.
a. Angle-Side b. SAS c. Side-Angle d. SSS
6. It is an inequality theorem which states that the sum of the lengths of any two sides of a triangle is
greater
than the length of the third side.
a. Angle-Side b. Hinge c. Side-Angle d. Triangle Inequality
7. Given the figure at the right, which of the following angle pairs are the remote interior angles with
respect
to exterior ∠ 5 ?
M
3

a. ∠ 3∧∠ 4 b. ∠ 2∧∠ 3 5 4 21
b. ∠ 2∧∠ 4 d. ∠ 1∧∠ 2 A T
8. What angle is adjacent to ∠ 1 on the figure above?
a. ∠ 2 b. ∠ 3 c. ∠ 4 d. ∠ 5
9. Which of the following equations is true based on the figure above?
a. m∠5=m∠ 4+ m∠ 3 b. m∠1=m∠ 4+m ∠3
c. m∠5=m∠ 4+ m∠ 2 d. m∠1=m∠2+m ∠ 3
10. Which of the following inequalities is true based on the figure above?
´ > AT
a. AM ´ ´ < AT
b. AM ´ c. AM´ + ḾT > AT´ ´ + ḾT < AT
d. AM ´

References

Oronce, O. & Mendoza, M. (2003). Exploring Mathematics III. Quezon City: Rex Printing
Company, Inc.
Pascadio, A. A., et.al 2017. Math Ideas and Life Applications. Quezon City: Abiva Publishing
House,
Inc.
 Answer Sheet

Name: __________________________________________________________
Grade & Section: ________________ Score: _______

Quarter 4 – Module 1
Lesson 1
What’s More
Exterior Angle Remote Interior Angles Exterior Angle Inequality Theorem

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Lesson 2
What’s More
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Lesson 3
What’s More
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Assessment
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