PHONETIC SYMBOL

Lecturer: Drs. Muhammad. Nur, M.Hum

By:

Ruly Joan Farwati (18033015)

ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION FACULTY
ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY DARUL ‘ULUM LAMONGAN
YEAR 2021

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 PREFACE

Thank to Almighty God who has given His bless to thewriter for finishing
the Phonology paper assignment entitled “Phonetic Symbol”. The writer also wish
to express her deep and sincere gratitude for Mr. Drs. Muhammad. Nur, M.Hum
who have guided in completing this paper.

This assignment for the final semester test of Phonology subject. I realized
this paper assignment is not perfect. But I hope it can be useful for us. Critics and
suggestion is needed here to make this assignment be better.

Lamongan, January 29th 2021

Ruly Joan Farwati

NIM. 1803301

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title ................................................................................................................... i
Preface ................................................................................................
....... ii
Table Of Content ........................................................................................... iii
CHAPTER I ....................................................................................................... 1
Introduction ....................................................................................................... 1
A. Backround ........................................................................................... 1
B. Problem Identification ................................................................... 1
C. Purpose Of The Paper ............................................................................... 1
CHAPTER II ....................................................................................................... 2
Discussion ....................................................................................................... 2
A. Definition Of Phonetic Symbol ....................................................... 2
B. Function Of Phonetic Symbol................................................................... 3
C. Types Of Phonetic Symbol ................................................................... 3
CHAPTER III ........................................................................................... 9
Final ................................................................................................................... 9
A. Conclusion ........................................................................................... 9
B. Suggest ........................................................................................... 9
BIBLIOGRAPHY ........................................................................................... 10

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 CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A. Backround
When we learn English, we will not be separated from the name
Phonetic Symbol. Even though it sounds unfamiliar, its role is very
important. By understanding this material in English, it will make it easier
for us to improve four important aspects of English, namely, reading,
writing, listening and speaking.
Phonetic or in Indonesian we often call it phonetic. Phonetics or
phonetics is a science that explains and explains how a sound can be
produced by humans properly and correctly. Meanwhile, according to
phonology or the study of the vocabulary of language sounds and their
distribution, phonetics or phonetics is a science based on phonetics. In
addition, it is also a science that studies what phonetic systems actually
are.
The two linguistic sciences are related to one another. Not only
related to each other, but also complement and enhance each other. Then,
the question that now arises in our minds, what is actually phonetic
symbols? So, the purpose of this paper, in addition to the final project of
the phonology exam, is to understand and know the definition, function,
and types of phonetic symbols.
B. Problem Identification
From the background described above, the problem identification
can be taken as follows:
1. What is the definition of phonetic symbol?
2. What are the functions of phonetic symbol?
3. What are the types of phonetic symbol?
C. Purpose Of The Paper
1. To find out what a phonetic symbol is
2. To find out what are the functions of a phonetic symbol
3. To find out what the types of phonetic symbols are

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 CHAPTER II
DISCUSSION
A. Definition Of Phonetic Symbol
Phonetic symbols are used to represent, in print, the different
sounds that make up words. In this website (and everywhere else,
excepting specialized Linguistic journals or books) the term phonetic
symbol refers to what would be strictly called phonemic symbol, i.e.
symbols that represent different phonemes.

The international standard is that of the International Phonetic

Association's International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). However the IPA
standard is meant for sounds, not phonemes (a phoneme is a collection of
similar sounds). For this reason publishing companies often make
variations for their proprietary dictionaries and/or textbooks. The phonetic
symbols (or phonemic notation) used in Teflpedia represent the phonemes
of the English language using conventions very similar to those introduced
by Alfred Gimson in 1977 for Received Pronunciation and found on
several Oxford dictionaries such as Oxford Advanced Learner's
Dictionary. However the parentheses used in that dictionary are not used
in this website: "square" is rendered as /skweər/ rather than /skweə(r)/.

The 'Extensions' to the International Phonetic Alphabet (ExtIPA)

go beyond the formal sound systems of languages, to cover the speech
sounds of paralinguistic functions and pathological speech.

Many of the article pages below contain a section on "Anticipated

pronunciation difficulties depending on L1". Some of these will also have
links to pages that provide material for teachers to practise differences
between "similar" sounds.

According to The Longman dictionary of language teaching and

applied linguistics, 'phonemic notation uses only the distinctive sounds of
a language (phonemes). It does not show the finer points of pronunciation.

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 It is written with slanting brackets / /.' On the other hand, 'phonetic
notation is written in square brackets [ ]'.

B. Function Of Phonetic Symbol

As we all know that English is a language that is different from
other languages. Especially in terms of its written and spoken. It is very
different from Indonesian which is written and pronounced the same.
English tends to be very different. For example, for the word "bird", in
English the correct pronunciation of the word "bird" is "bi: d". We remove
the "r" sound in the middle of the word. Then we replace it by
emphasizing the letter "i". Broadly speaking, the function of the phonetic
symbol is as follows:
1. Provides convenience for non-native speakers in understanding
English pronunciation
2. In addition, it also serves to provide an explanation of the differences
between words that have a homphone

C. Types Of Phonetic Symbol

There are phonetic symbols in English that can be recognized and
learned. The following is a list of phonetic symbols in English and
examples.
1. Short Vowels
Short vowels are vowels that we can sound short or short.
No. Symbol How To Read Example
Almost similar to: ‘sate’, i (we pit, bin, hymn, kit,
1 ɪ can start with "i" or "y" bid, minute, fill,
intend
Almost similar to: ‘embez’ bed, head, dress,
2 e
atau ‘bebek’, e bed, dress
3 ɒ ‘A’ we add a little ‘O’ (ao) lot, odd, wash, lot
mud, love,mud,
4 ʌ Like ə + ɑː (əɑ)
blood
5 ʊ Like ə +u, oo / (u) foot, good
6 ɜː Like ə + r stir, refer, learn,

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 nurse
7 æ Like a + e cat, laugh, plain
common, standard,
a, syllable,
8 ə As pronouncing: ‘jembatan’
moment, again,
mother, about

2. Long Vowels
Long vowels are vowels that we sound a little long.
No. Symbol How To Read Example
sea, machine,
1 i: We press ‘i’
fleece
2 u: We press ‘u’ two, goose, group
3 ɑː We press ‘a’ father, start
4 ɔː We press ‘o’ law, war, north
fair, various,
5 eə We press ‘ea’
square
6 ɜː er / ir / ur bird, turn, perch

3. Diphthong Vowels
Diphtong vowels are a phonetic symbol that is important for us to
learn. This English Phonetic Symbol is two vowels that we can
pronounce at one time. In addition, we can also interpret it as a weak
sound.
No. Symbol How To Read Example
break, rain, case,
1 eɪ Ei
face
high, kind, flight,
2 aɪ ai
price
show, stones,
3 əʊ Eu
alone, goat
now, house,
4 aʊ Au
brown, mouth
boy, toy, coil,
5 ɔɪ Oi
choice
near, here, beer,
6 ɪə Iye
here

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 7 eə Eye various, fair
8 ʊə Ue cure, tourist

4. Consonants Sounds
Consonants sounds are of five types.
a. Consonants Sounds: Fricatives
Consonants fricatives or consonants fricatives are sounds
that are breathless. This sound is a combination of sibilant or
hissed consonants and also explosive or plosive which means a pop
consonant. We produce consonants fricatives by forcing air out
through a narrow channel that we form by pressing the two
articulators together. These two articulators are the lower lip,
tongue, lower teeth and so on. For example the lower lip with the
upper row of teeth.

No. Symbol How To Read Example

coffee, fat, fish,
1 f We press ‘f’
knife, fun
heavy, village,
2 v We press ‘v’
view
author, think, bath,
3 Θ Tsa
thing
other, those,
4 Ð Dja
brothers, smooth
zero, crazy, lazy,
5 z We press ‘z’
buzz
ship, shop, cash,
6 ʃ Syi
national
vision, delusion,
7 ʒ Z+h
casual, pleasure
whole, help, hello,
8 h We press ‘h’
ahead

b. Consonants Sounds: Plosives

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 Phonetic symbol consonants plosives or plosive consonants
are the sounds we emit with a burst of air. This one sound occurs
because the tongue is blocked at the place of articulation in our
mouth.
No. Symbol How To Read Example
copy, cap, purpose,
1 p We press ‘p’
pause, happen
back, bubble,
2 b We press ‘b’
build, robe, job
tea, train, tow, late,
3 t We press ‘t’
button
ladder, day, drive,
4 d We press ‘d’
down
clock, quick,
5 k We press ‘k’ cricket, sock,
school
ghost, gay, green,
6 g We press ‘g’
grass, flag, get

c. Consonants Sounds: Affricates

Consonants sounds affricates or affricate consonants are a
combination of inhibitory sounds as well as fricative or sighing
sounds. In addition, we can also call this sound as a friction sound
or a consonant alloy. To provide a more detailed explanation, the
following is a list.
No. Symbol How To Read Example
match, choose,
1 tʃ Che (bold pronunciation) cheese, church,
nature
age, juggle, juice,
2 dʒ Je (bold pronunciation)
stage, soldier

d. Consonant Sounds: Nasals

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 Nasal consonants are nasal sounds that we release through
the help of the nasal cavity. Nasal sounds are sounds like a person
who has influenza.
No. Symbol How To Read Example
sum, mother, mad,
1 m m
more, hammer
know, nobody,
2 n n
knew, turn, funny
anger, ring, thing,
3 ŋ ng
song, sing

e. Consonant Sounds: Approximants

Consonants sounds approximants. Consonants
approximants or consonants approximants are the sounds we
produce between the tongue and the lips. In addition, without
contact with each other which also involves the articulators
approaching each other slightly. The following is a list of phonetic
symbols consonants sounds approximants.
No. Symbol How To Read Example
feel, lots, leap,
1 l l
long, light
right, river, ring,
2 r r
ride, sorry
use, usual, tune,
3 j y
yesterday, yet
when, walk, wine,
4 w w
world, wet

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 CHAPTER III
FINAL

A. Conclusion
Phonetic symbol actually leads to science that discusses and
explains how a sound can be formed. In other words, this knowledge tends
to direct the parts of our body that make sound.
The functions of phonetic symbol are provides convenience for
non-native speakers in understanding English pronunciation and it also
serves to provide an explanation of the differences between words that
have a homphone.
Apart from referring to the function of English phonetic symbols,
learning this one knowledge is of course very important. So that we can
pronounce a word in English properly, precisely, and correctly, then at
least learn and understand a little of this phonetic science in English.

B. Suggest
Basically, the function of the phonetic symbols in English does
make it easier for us to learn English in terms of pronunciation. However,
learning the phonetic symbols in English is not easy.
As a matter of fact, memorizing the whole meaning of phonetic
symbols in English is quite tiring and takes up a lot of our time. This is
why we need quick and easy ways and tips to master it.

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 BIBLIOGRAPHY
https://visitpare.com/pojok-bahasa/phonetic-symbol/
https://teflpedia.com/Phonetic_symbol