Listening : Sun

1. A. The man should go to the museum by shuttle bus.

2. D. The man should have studied for the exam.
3. A. A new building.
4. B. Use computer in the lab.
5. A. She got her watch where his sister works.
6. A. Find out if classes are cancelled
7. B. She is spending a lot of time in the library.
8. A. Try to fix what is wrong with the computer.
9. B. She wants the man to choose quickly.
10. B. She can return the CD to Tom later.
11. B. Make an appointment at the clinic soon.
12. C. Look at other apartments before deciding.
13. D. He is not on the basketball team.
14. B. Buy the green shirt.
15. C. The woman is planning to start a new job.
16. D. See a play with her aunt.
17. C. She thinks she will not need financial aid.
18. B. The woman does not have to pay extra for it.
19. A. A small town can have negative qualities.
20. D. He will not able to coordinate the program again.
21. C. He is late for an appointment with the man and woman.
22. B. She can get the materials they gave out at the meeting.
23. A. He probably will not able to follow the professor’s advice.
24. B. He doubts that the theater group will perform a musical next year.
25. C. He wants an appartment near his work.
26. D. The elections would be held later.
27. A. He did not recommend the lecture.
28. D. She intends to go see the movie.
29. C. Ways should he found to use less water.
30. C. The new manual has not been completed yet.
31. C. The class reading list.
32. D. The main character gets into trouble.
33. A. Some British reviewers wrote favorably about it.
34. C. Phases of language development in young children.
35. C. They are among the first sounds babies make.
36. A. Their voice box is not positioned correctly yet.
37. D. When children lear to associate sounds with meaning.
38. B. How children are able to learn language.
39. B. Communication over long distances in North America.
40. C. The fees of several couriers were included in the charge.
41. D. A funeral.
42. C. Attracting birds.
43. B. They like to eat them.
44. D. They are baked in the oven.
45. A. It makes the clean and free of germs.
46. C. She collects birds nests.
47. A. How to prevent landslides in populated areas.
48. B. They can reveal unsafe conditions for building.
49. B. It helps keep the soil in place.
50. D. A wall that stops water from draining.

Structure : Sun
1. The tongue can move and play a vital role in chewing, …..…, and speaking.
a. to b. swallowing
c. for d. of

2. Instead of being housed in one central bank, the Federal Reserve System is to….. into twelve districts.
a. dividing b. divided
c. division d. divides

3. Those species are cultivated for their…….follage.

a. beautifully b. beau
c. beauty d. beautiful

4. Kiwi birds mainly eat insects, worms, and snails and……. For their food by probing the ground with
their long bills.
a. searching b. searches
c. searched d. search

5. He founded that city in 1685, and…..quickly grew to be the largest city in colonial America.
a. he b. it
c. it d. we

6. Fewer people reside in Newfoundland than in……Canadian province except Prince Edward Island.
a. other b. one another
c. any other d. others

7. Dr. Bethune, the founder of Bethune-Cookman College, served as…….to both Franklin Rosevelt and
Harry Truman.
a. advise b. advised
c. an advisor d. advising

8. Some plants produse…………poisons that can affect a person even if he or she merely brushes against
them.
a. irritating b. irritated
c. irritability d. irritation

9. Accute hearing helps most animals sense the approach of thunderstorms long before people….
a. hearing them b. do
c. do them c. hear

10. The rotation of the Earth on its axis is…….the alternation of periods of light and darkness.
a. responsible in b. responsible for
c. responsible with d. responsible to
11. Doctors are not sure……fever
a. exactly how disease causes
b. diseases exactly causes how
c. how disease causes exactly
d. how exactly causes disease

12. ……….Burmese breed of cat was developed in the US during the 1930’s.
a. The b. When the
c. While the d. Since the

13. Along the rocky shores of New England………and tidal marsh.

a. are where stretches of sandy beach
b. stretches of sandy are there
c. are stretches of sandy beach
d. stretches of sandy beach are

14. lina was nominated for an award as both a screenwriter……..an actress in 2009.
a. also b. in addition
c. and d. but

15. An erupting volcano sometimes affects……of the surrounding region and can even cause lakes to
disappear.
a. feature b. the featured
c. featuring d. the feature

16. most tree frogs change color to harmonize…………

a. to their background
b. with their background
c. on their background
d. in background of them

17. due to the refraction of light rays,…. Is impossible for the naked eye to determine the exact location
of a star close to the horizon.
a. it b. this
c. that d. there

18. Modern poets have experimented with poetic devices…………..and assonance.

a. as such alliteration
b. such as alliteration
c. suchalliteration as
d. alliteration such as

19. Birds’ eggs vary greatly…….size, shape, and color.

a. with b. of
c. at d. in

20. Fredrick dedicated……….of slavery and the fight for civil rights.
a. his life to work the abolishment
b. his life to working for the abolishment
c. his life to work to abolish
d. his life to working in abolish
21. Mount Edith Cavell, a peak in the Canadian Rockies, is named……
a. a famous after nurses
b. after a famous nurse
c. nurses after a famous
d. after famous nurses

22. Xanthines have both

Good and bad effects on the body, and these effects…..the size and regularity of dosage.
a. are generally determined by
b. are generally determined on
c. are generally determined in
d. are generally determined with

23. When a severe ankle injury forced….to give up reporting in 1926, M.Mitchell began writing her novel
Gone with the wind.
a. herself b. her
c. hers d. she

24. One of the most difficult questions in difining sleep is “what……the functions of sleep?”
a. is b. has
c. have d. are

25. The museum houses…..of various objects documenting the vibrancy of the cultures.
a. five thousands pieces
b. pieces five thousands
c. five thousand pieces
d. thousands five pieces

26. …….in the same direction as their orbital motions, while Venus and Uranus rotate oppositely.
a. seven of planets rotate
b. seven planets rotate
c. seven rotate of planets
d. seven rotate planets

27. In the US….. to the national legislature comprising the house of Representatives and the Senate.
a. voters elect representatives
b. representatives elect voters
c. elect representatives voters
d. voters election representative

28. It is the interaction between people, rather than the events that occur in their lives,……the main focus
of social psychology.
a. which are b. that are
c. which is d. that is

29. Today…..fewer than one hundred varieties cultivated flowers.

a. are b. have
c. there are d. have there
30. …….some of the famous detectives in literature are based on deductive reasoning.
a. methods use by
b. they used methods
c. the methodology used
d. using the methods of

31. The short story most naturally flourishes in an age…..with simplicity and directness.
a. what it expresses
b. that expresses itself
c. which expressing
d. it is expressed

32. Naval cartographers’ knowledge of surface ocean currents is much more complete…….subsurface
currents.
a. than b. than in
c. than those of d. than that of

33. Unless exposed to light….plant cells do not produce chlorophyll.

a. most of b. the most of
c. the most d. most

34. Temperature levels in an oven are varied according to the kinds of…
a. are foods baked
b. foods to be baked
c. are baked foods
d. foods are baking

35. The three most common states of matter are….

a. solidity, liquid, and gas
b. solid, liquefy, and gas
c. solidity, liquidate, and gas
d. solid, liquid, and gas

36. The snowy egret is about the size…..crow

a. large b. of a large
c. of large d. a large

37. It has been found that chronic loud noise may lead to….hearing loss
a. temporary or permanently
b. temporarily or permanent
c. temporarily or permanently
d. temporary or permanent

38. With modern machinery, textile mills can manufacture as much fabric in a few seconds as…..weeks o
produce by hands.
a. workers once took it
b. took workers it once
c. it took once workers
d. it once took workers
39. Norman Mailers first….with his war novel The Naked and The Dead, published in 1948.
a. Successfully achieved
b. achieved success
c. successful achievement
d. achievement of success

40. Through the years, the job of governing cities has become …..complex.
a. so much increasingly
b. increasingly whole
c. increasingly
d. what is increasingly

Reading : Sun
When we accept the evidence of our unaided eyes and describe the Sun as a yellow star, we have
summed up the most important single fact about it-at this moment in time.
It appears probable, however, that sunlight will be the color we know for only a negligibly small
part of the Sun's history. Stars, like individuals, age and change. As we look out into space, We see
around us stars at all stages of evolution. There are faint blood-red dwarfs so cool that their surface
temperature is a mere 4,000 degrees Fahrenheit, there are searing ghosts blazing at 100, 000 degrees
Fahrenheit and almost too hot to be seen, for the great part of their radiation is in the invisible ultraviolet
range. Obviously, the "daylight" produced by any star depends on its temperature; today(and for ages to
come) our Sun is at about 10,000 degrees Fahrenheit, and this means that most of the Sun's light is
concentrated in the yellow band of the spectrum, falling slowly in intensity toward both the longer and
shorter light waves.
That yellow "hump" will shift as the Sun evolves, and the light of day will change accordingly. It is
natural to assume that as the Sun grows older, and uses up its hydrogen fuel-which it is now doing at the
spanking rate of half a billion tons a second- it will become steadily colder and redder.

1. What is the passage mainly about?

(A) Faint dwarf stars (B) The evolutionary cycle of the Sun
(C) The Sun's fuel problem (D) The dangers of invisible radiation

2. What does the author say is especially important about the Sun at the present time?
(A) It appears yellow (B) It always remains the same
(C) It has a short history (D) It is too cold

3. Why are very hot stars referred to as "ghosts"?

(A) They are short- lived. (B) They are mysterious.
(C) They are frightening. (D) They are nearly invisible.

4. According to the passage as the Sun continues to age, it is likely to become what color?
(A) Yellow (B) Violet (C) Red (D) White

5. In line 15, to which of the following does "it" refer?

(A) yellow "hump" (B) day (C) Sun (D) hydrogen fuel
 If by "suburb" is meant an urban margin that grows more rapidly than its already developed
interior, the process of suburbanization began during the emergence of the industrial city in the second
quarter of the nineteenth century. Before that period the city was a small highly compact cluster in which
people moved about on foot and goods were conveyed by horse and cart. But the early factories built in
the 1830's and 1840's were located along waterways and near railheads at the edges of cities, and housing
was needed for the thousands of people drawn by the prospect of employment. In time, the factories were
surrounded by proliferating mill towns of apartments and row houses that abutted the older, main cities.
As a defense against this encroachment and to enlarge their tax bases, the cities appropriated their
industrial neighbors. In 1854, for example, the city of Philadelphia annexed most of Philadelphia County.
Similar municipal maneuvers took place in Chicago and in New York Indeed, most great cities of the
United States achieved such status only by incorporating the communities along their borders.
With the acceleration of industrial growth came acute urban crowding and accompanying social
stress conditions that began to approach disastrous proportions when, in 1888, the first commercially
successful electric traction line was developed. Within a few years the horse - drawn trolleys were retired
and electric streetcar networks crisscrossed and connected every major urban area, fostering a wave of
suburbanization that transformed the compact industrial city into a dispersed metropolis. This first phase
of mass - scale suburbanization was reinforced by the simultaneous emergence of the urban Middle class
whose desires for homeownership In neighborhoods far from the aging inner city were satisfied by the
developers of single-family housing tracts.

6. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?

(A) The growth of Philadelphia (B) The Origin of the Suburb
(C) The Development of City Transportation (D) The Rise of the Urban Middle Class

7. The author mentions that areas bordering the cities have grown during periods of
(A) industrialization (B) inflation
(C) revitalization (D) unionization

8. In line 10 the word "encroachment" refers to which of the following?

(A) The smell of the factories (B) The growth of mill towns
(C) The development of waterways (D) The loss of jobs

9. Which of the following was NOT mentioned in the passage as a factor in nineteenth-century
suburbanization?
(A) Cheaper housing (B) Urban crowding
(C) The advent of an urban middle class (D) The invention of the electric streetcar

10. It can be inferred from the passage that after 1890 most people traveled around cities by
(A) automobile (B) cart
(C) horse-draw trolley (D) electric streetcar

11. Where in the passage does the author describe the cities as they were prior to suburbanization.
(A) Lines 3-5 (B) Lines 5-9
(C) Lines 12- 13 (D) Lines 15-18
 The first English attempts to colonize North America were controlled by individuals rather than
companies. Sir Humphrey Gilbert was the first Englishman to send colonists to the New World. His
initial expedition, which sailed in 1578 with a patent granted by Queen Elizabeth was defeated by the
Spanish. A second attempt ended in disaster in 1583, when Gilbert and his
ship were lost in a storm. In the following year, Gilbert's half brother, Sir Water Raleigh, having obtained
a renewal of the patent, sponsored an expedition that explored the coast of the region that he named
"Virginia." Under Raleigh's direction efforts were then made to establish a colony on Roanoke island in
1585 an6 1587. The survivors of the first settlement on Roanoke returned to England in 1586, but the
second group of colonists disappeared without leaving a trace. The failure of the Gilbert and Raleigh
ventures made it clear that the tasks they had undertaken were too big for any one colonizer. Within a
short time the trading company had supplanted the individual promoter of colonization.

12. Which of the following would be the most appropriate title for the passage?
(A) The Regulation of Trading Companies
(B) British - Spanish Rivalry in the New World
(C) Early Attempts at Colonizing North America
(D) Royal Patents Issued in the 16th Century

13. The passage states which of the following about the first English people to be involved in establishing
colonies in North America?
(A) They were requested to do so by Queen Elizabeth.
(B) They were members of large trading companies.
(C) They were immediately successful.
(D) They were acting on their own.

14. According to the passage, which of the following statements about Sir Humphrey Gilbert is true?
(A) He never settled in North America.
(B) His trading company was given a patent by the queen.
(C) He fought the Spanish twice.
(D) He died in 1587.

15. When did Sir Walter Raleigh's initial expedition set out for North America?
(A) 1577 (B) 1579 (C) 1582 (D) 1584

16. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage about members of the first Roanoke
settlement?
(A) They explored the entire coastal region. (B) Some did not survive.
(C) They named the area "Virginia". (D) Most were not experienced sailors.

17. According to the passage, the first English settlement on Roanoke Island was established in
(A) 1578 (B) 1583 (C) 1585 (D) 1587

18. According to the passage, which of; the following statements about the second settlement on
Roanoke Island is true?
(A) Its settlers all gave up and returned to England.
(B) It lasted for several years.
(C) The fate of its inhabitants is unknown.
(D) It was conquered by the Spanish
 Botany, the study of plants, occupies a peculiar position in the history of human knowledge. For
many thousands of years it was the one field of awareness about which humans had anything more than
the vaguest of insights. It is impossible to know today just what our Stone Age ancestors knew about
plants, but from what we can observe of pre-industrial societies that still exist, a detailed learning of
plants and their properties must be extremely ancient. This is logical. Plants are the basis of the food
pyramid for all living things, even for other plants. They have always been enormously important to the
welfare of peoples, not only for food, but also for clothing, weapons, tools, dyes: medicines, shelter, and a
great many other purposes. Tribes living today in the jungles of the Amazon recognize literally hundreds
of plants and know many properties of each. To them botany, as such, has no name and is probably not
even recognized as a special branch of "Knowledge at all.
Unfortunately, the more industrialized we become the farther away we move from direct contact
with plants, and the less distinct our knowledge of botany grows. Yet everyone comes unconsciously on
an amazing amount of botanical knowledge, and few people will fail to recognize a rose, an apple, or an
orchid. When our Neolithic ancestors, living in the Middle East about 10,000 years ago, discovered that
certain grasses could be harvested and their seeds planted for richer yields the next season, the first great
step in a new association of plants and humans was taken. Grains were discovered and from them flowed
the marvel of agriculture: cultivated crops. From then on, humans would increasingly take their living
from the controlled production of a few plants, rather than getting a little here and a little there from many
varieties that grew wild – and the accumulated knowledge' of tens of thousands of years of experience and
intimacy with plants in the wild would begin to fade away.

19. Which of the following assumptions about early humans is expressed in the passage?
(A) They probably had extensive knowledge of plants.
(B) They thought there was no need to cultivate crops.
(C) They did not enjoy the study of botany.
(D) They placed great importance on the ownership of property.

20. What does the comment "This is logical" in line 6 mean?

(A) There is no clear way to determine the extent of our ancestor’s knowledge of plants.
(B) It is not surprising that early humans had a detailed knowledge of plants.
(C) It is reasonable to assume that our ancestors behaved very much like people in preindustrial
societies.
(D) Human knowledge of plants is well organized and very detailed.

21. According to the passage, why has general knowledge of botany begun to fade?
(A) People no longer value plants as a useful resource.
(B) Botany is not recognized as a special branch of science.
(C) Research is unable to keep up with the increasing numbers of plants.
(D) Direct contact with a variety of plants has decreased.

22. In line 16, what is the author’s purpose in mentioning "a rose, an apple, or an orchid"?
(A) To make the passage more poetic
(B) To cite examples of plants that are attractive
(C) To give botanical examples that all readers will recognize
(D) To illustrate the diversity of botanical life
23. According to the passage, what was the first great step toward the practice of agriculture?
(A) The invention of agricultural implements and machinery
(B) The development of a system of names for plants
(C) The discovery of grasses that could be harvested and replanted
(D) The changing diets of early humans

24. The relationship between botany and agriculture is similar to the relationship between zoology (the
study of animals) and
(A) deer hunting (B) bird watching
(C) sheep raising (D) horseback riding

25. In which lines in the passage does the author describe the beneficial properties that plants have for
humans?
(A) Lines 1-2 (B) Lines 7-9
(C) Lines 11-12 (D) Lines 14-16

The agricultural revolution in the nineteenth century involved two things: the invention of labor-
saving machinery and. the development of scientific agriculture. Labor - saying machinery, naturally
appeared, first where labor was 8carce. "In Europe," said, Thomas Jefferson, the object is to make the
most of: their land, labor being abundant;.here it, is to make the most of our labor, land being abundant. It
was in America, therefore, that the great advances in nineteenth - century agricultural machinery first
came.
At the opening of the century, with the exception of a crude plow farmers could have carried
practically all of the existing agricultural implement on their backs; by 1860, most of the machinery in
use today had been designed in an early form. The most important of the early inventions was the iron
plow. As early as 1790 ChariesNewbold of New Jersey had been working on the of a cast – iron plow
and spent his entire fortune in introducing his invention. The farmers, however, would have none of it,
claiming that the iron poisoned the soil and made the weeds grow. Nevertheless, many people devoted
their attention to the plow, until in 1869 James Oliver of South Bend, Indiana, turned out the first chilled-
steel plow.
26. What is the main topic of the passage?
(A) The need for agricultural advances to help feed a growing population
(B) The development of safer machines demanded by the labor movement
(C) Machinery that contributed to the agricultural revolution
(D) New Jersey as a leader in the agricultural revolution

27. The word "naturally" as used in line 3 is closest in meaning to which of the following?
(A) Gradually (B) Unsurprisingly (C) Apparently (D) Safely

28. The expression "make the most of" in line 4 is closest in meaning to which of the following?
(A) Get the best yield from (B) Raise the price of
(C) Exaggerate the worth of (D) Earn a living on

29. Which of the following can be inferred from what Thomas Jefferson said?
(A) Europe was changing more quickly than America.
(B) Europe had greater need of farm machinery than America did.
(C) America was finally running out of good farmland.
(D) There was a shortage of workers on American farms.
30. It can be inferred that the word "here' in line 4 refers to
(A) Europe (B) America (C) New Jersey (D) Indiana

31. What point is the author making by stating that farmers could carry nearly all their tools On their
backs?
(A) Farmers had few tools before the agricultural revolution.
(B) Americans were traditionally self - reliant.
(C) Life on the farm was extremely difficult.
(D) New tools were designed to be portable.

32. Why did farmers reject Newbold's plow?

(A) Their horses were frightened by it. (B) They preferred lighter tools.
(C) It was too expensive. (D) They thought it would ruin the land.

It was not "the comet of the century experts predicted it might be. Nevertheless, Kohoutek had
provided a bonanza of scientific information. It was first spotted 370 million miles from Earth, by an
astronomer who was searching the sky for asteroids, and after whom the comet was named. Scientists
who tracked Kohoutek the ten months before it passed the Earth predicted the comet would be a brilliant
spectacle. But Kohoutek fell short of these predictions, disappointing millions of amateur sky watchers,
when it proved too pale to be seen with the unaided eye. Researchers were delighted nonetheless with the
nevi information they were able to glean from their investigation of the comet. Perhaps the most
significant discovery was the identification of two important chemical compounds-methyl cyanide and
hydrogen cyanide-never before seen in comets, but found in the far reaches of interstellar space. This
discovery revealed new clues about the origin of comets. Most astronomers agree that comets are
primordial remnants from the formation of the solar system, but whether they were born between Jupiter
and Neptune or much farther out toward interstellar space has been the subject of much debate. If
compounds no more complex than ammonia and methane, key components of Jupiter, were seen in
comets, it would suggest that comets form within the planetary orbits. But more complex compounds
such as the methyl cyanide found in Kohoutek, point to formation far beyond the planets there the deep
freeze of space has kept them unchanged.
33. What is the subject of the passage?
(A) What was learned from Kohoutek (B) What was disappointing about Kohoutek
(C) Where Kohoutek was spotted (D) How Kohoutek was tracked

34. Why was Kohoutek referred to as "the comet of the century"?

(A) It was thought to be extremely old.
(B) It passes the Earth once a century.
(C) Scientists predicted it would be very bright.
(D) Scientists have been tracking it for a century.

35. In what respect was Kohoutek a disappointment?

(A) It could be seen only through special equipment.
(B) It did not approach the Earth.
(C) It did not provide valuable scientific information.
(D) It was moving too rapidly for scientists to photograph.
36. Before the investigation of Kohoutek, where had methyl cyanide been known to exist?
(A) In comets (B) On asteroids
(C) Between Jupiter and Neptune (D) Beyond the Earth's solar system

37. According to the passage, what is one major component of Jupiter?

(A) Hydrogen cyanide (B) Methyl cyanide
(C) Hydrogen (D) Ammonia

38. What aspect of Kohoutek did scientists find most interesting?

(A) Its shape (B) Its composition
(C) Its orbit (D) Its size

39. Which of the following questions is best answered by information gained from Kohoutek?
(A) Where were comets formed? (B) When were comets formed?
(C) When was the solar system formed? (D) How was the solar system formed?