Part 1. Question 1-7. Complete The Notes Below. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER For Each Answer
Part 1. Question 1-7. Complete The Notes Below. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER For Each Answer
Part 1. Question 1-7. Complete The Notes Below. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER For Each Answer
PART I. LISTENING
Part 1. Question 1-7. Complete the notes below. Write NO MORE THAN THREE
WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer
Goodbye party for John
Venue: College Dining Room
Invitations (Tony)
Who to invite - John and his wife
- Director
- The (1)____________________________
- All the teachers
- All the (2)____________________
Date for sending invitations: (3)__________________________
Present (Lisa)
Collect money during the (4)___________________________
Suggested amount per person: $ 6
Check prices for: - CD players
- (5)__________________________
- Coffee maker
Ask guests to bring: - snacks
- (6)_____________________________
- Photographs
Ask student representative to prepare a (7)_____________________
Part 2. Question 8-15. Listen to the passage and then complete the sentence.
Cavers explore the underground places such as mines and (8) …as well as
caves.
When cavers camp underground, they choose places which have both space and
(9) …available. In the UK, the place Mike likes best for caving is Wales. As a physical
activity, Mike compares caving to (10) …………Cavers can pay as much as £20 for a
suitable hard hat. Cavers can pay as much as £50 for the right kind of (11) …, which
is worn on the head. Mike recommends buying expensive (12) …… to avoid having
accidents. Caving is a sport for people of (13) …… and backgrounds. Some caves in
Britain are called “places of (14) ………” . The need for safety explains why people
don’t organise caving (15) ………….
Your answers:
8. ……………………………………. 12. …………………………………….
9. ……………………………………. 13. …………………………………….
10. ……………………………………. 14. …………………………………….
11. ……………………………………. 15. …………………………………….
Part 3. Question 16-20. You will hear a dialogue between two friends. As you
listen, indicate whether the following statements are true or not by writing
T for a statement which is true;
F for a statement which is false
? if there is insufficient information
____16. Now some people still take a risk when the police officer is away on Newland
Street.
____ 17. The police officer there doesn’t get any pay for the work.
____ 18. Officer Springirth is a real man and he is a volunteer there.
____ 19. Officer Springirth helps the police to reduce the crime rate in Chase Village.
____ 20 . The police department will put more mannequins on other roads.
Most stones have capillary passages that suck salt water from the wet ground.
Death Valley provides an ultra-dry atmosphere and high daily temperatures, which
promote evaporation and the formation of salt crystals along the cracks or other
openings within stones. These crystals grow as long as salt water is available. Like tree
roots breaking up a sidewalk, the growing crystals exert pressure on the rock and
eventually pry the rock apart along planes of weakness, such as banding in
metamorphic rocks, bedding in sedimentary rocks, or preexisting or incipient fractions,
and along boundaries between individual mineral crystals or grains. Besides crystal
growth, the expansion of halite crystals (the same as everyday table salt) by heating
and of sulfates and similar salts by hydration can contribute additional stresses. A rock
durable enough to have withstood natural conditions for a very long time in other areas
could probably be shattered into small pieces by salt weathering within a few
generations.
The dominant salt in Death Valley is halite, or sodium chloride, but other salts,
mostly carbonates and sulfates, also cause prying and wedging, as does ordinary ice.
Weathering by a variety of salts, though often subtle, is a worldwide phenomenon. Not
restricted to arid regions, intense salt weathering occurs mostly in salt-rich places like
the seashore, near the large saline lakes in the Dry Valleys of Antarctica, and in desert
sections of Australia, New Zealand, and central Asia.
( Reading Practice TOEFL)
1. What is the passage mainly about?
(A) The destructive effects of salt on rocks.
(B) The impressive salt rocks in Death Valley.
(C) The amount of salt produced in Death Valley.
(D) The damaging effects of salt on roads and highways.
2. The word "it" refers to
(A) salty water (B) groundwater table
(C) capillary action (D) sediment
3. The word "exert" is closest in meaning to
(A) put (B) reduce (C) replace (D) control
4. Why does the author compare tree roots with growing salt crystals?
(A) They both force hard surfaces to crack.
(B) They both grow as long as water is available.
(C) They both react quickly to a rise in temperature.
(D) They both cause salty water to rise from the groundwater table.
5. The author mentions the "expansion of halite crystals...by heating and of sulfates
and similar salts by hydration" in order to
(A) present an alternative theory about crystal growth
(B) explain how some rocks are not affected by salt
(C) simplify the explanation of crystal prying and wedging
(D) introduce additional means by which crystals destroy rocks
6. The word "durable" is closest in meaning to
(A) large (B) strong (C) flexible (D) pressured
7. The word "shattered" is closest in meaning to
(A) arranged (B) dissolved
(C) broken apart (D) gathered together
8 The word "dominant" is closest in meaning to
(A) most recent (B) most common
(C) least available (D) least damaging
9. According to the passage, which of the following is true about the effects of salts on
rocks?
(A) Only two types of salts cause prying and wedging.
(B) Salts usually cause damage only in combination with ice.
(C) A variety of salts in all kinds of environments can cause weathering.
(D) Salt damage at the seashore is more severe than salt damage in Death Valley.
10. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage about rocks that are found
in areas where ice is common?
(A) They are protected from weathering.
(B) They do not allow capillary action of water.
(C) They show similar kinds of damage as rocks in Death Valley.
(D) They contain more carbonates than sulfates.
The Reading Passage has five paragraphs (A-E). Choose the most suitable
heading for each paragraph from the list of headings below. Write the appropriate
numbers (i-vi) in boxes 1-5 on your answer part
NB There are more headings than paragraphs so you will not use all of them.
PAPER RECYCLING
A. Paper is different from other waste produce because it comes from a sustainable
resource: trees. Unlike the minerals and oil used to make plastics and metals, trees are
replaceable. Paper is also biodegradable, so it does not pose as much threat to the
environment when it is discarded. While 45 out of every 100 tones of wood fibre used
to make paper in Australia comes from waste paper, the rest comes directly from
virgin fibre from forests and plantations. By world standards this is a good
performance since the world-wide average is 33 per cent waste paper. Governments
have encouraged waste paper collection and sorting schemes and at the same time, the
paper industry has responded by developing new recycling technologies that have
paved the way for even greater utilization of used fibres. As a result, industry’s use of
recycled fibres is expected to increase at twice the rate of virgin fibres over the coming
years.
B. Already, waste paper constitutes 70% of paper used for packaging and advances in
the technology required to remove ink from the paper have allowed a higher recycled
content in newsprint and writing paper. To achieve the benefits of recycling, the
community must also contribute. We need to accept a change in the quality of paper
products; for example stationery may be less white and of a rougher texture. There
also needs to be support from the community for waste paper collection programs. Not
only do we need to make the paper available to collectors but it also needs to be
separated into different types and sorted from contaminants such as staples, paperclips,
string and other miscellaneous items.
C. There are technical limitations to the amount of paper which can be recycled and
some paper products cannot be collected for re-use. These include paper in the form of
books and permanent records, photographic paper and paper which is badly
contaminated. The four most common sources of paper for recycling are factories and
retail stores which gather large amounts of packaging material in which goods are
delivered, also offices which have unwanted business documents and computer output,
paper converters and printers and lastly households which discard newspapers and
packaging material. The paper manufacturer pays a price for the paper and may also
incur the collection cost.
D. Once collected, the paper has to be sorted by hand by people trained to recognise
various types of paper. This is necessary because some types of paper can only be
made from particular kinds of recycled fibre. The sorted paper then has to be repulped
or mixed with water and broken down into its individual fibres. This mixture is called
stock and may contain a wide variety of contaminating materials, particularly if it is
made from mixed waste paper which has had little sorting. Various machineries are
used to remove other materials from the stock. After passing through the repulping
process, the fibres from printed waste paper are grey in colour because the printing ink
has soaked into the individual fibres. This recycled material can only be used in
products where the grey colour does not matter, such as cardboard boxes but if the
grey colour is not acceptable, the fibres must be de-inked. This involves adding
chemicals such as caustic soda or other alkalis, soaps and detergents, water-hardening
agents such as calcium chloride, frothing agents and bleaching agents. Before the
recycled fibres can be made into paper they must be refined or treated in such a way
that they bond together.
E. Most paper products must contain some virgin fibre as well as recycled fibres and
unlike glass, paper cannot be recycled indefinitely. Most paper is down-cycled which
means that a product made from recycled paper is of an inferior quality to the original
paper. Recycling paper is beneficial in that it saves some of the energy, labour and
capital that go into producing virgin pulp. However, recycling requires the use of fossil
fuel, a non-renewable energy source, to collect the waste paper from the community
and to process it to produce new paper. And the recycling process still creates
emissions which require treatment before they can be disposed of safely. Nevertheless,
paper recycling is an important economical and environmental practice but one which
must be carried out in a rational and viable manner for it to be useful to both industry
and the community.
(Cambridge IELTS)
i. Process of paper recycling
ii. Less threat of waste paper to the environment
iii. Collection of paper for recycling
iv. Sources of paper for recycling
v. Bad sides of paper recycling
vi. Contribution of community to recycling paper
Your answer
1. Paragraph A __________
2. Paragraph B __________
3. Paragraph C __________
4. Paragraph D __________
5. Paragraph E __________
SUMMARY
Complete the summary below of the first two paragraphs of the Reading Passage.
Choose ONE OR TWO WORDS from the Reading Passage for each answer. Write
your answers inboxes 30-36 on your answer sheet.
From the point of view of recycling, paper has two advantages over minerals
and ...........oil.......... in that firstly it comes from a resource which is ........ (1) ........ and
secondly it is less threatening to our environment when we throw it away because it
is ....... (2) ...... Although Australia’s record in the re-use of waste paper is good, it is
still necessary to use a combination of recycled fibre and ........ (3) ........ to make new
paper. The paper industry has contributed positively and people have also been
encouraged by .........(4) ......... to collect their waste on a regular basis. One major
difficulty is the removal of ink from used paper but ......... (5) ......... are being made in
this area.
IV. WRITING
Part 1. Finish each of the following sentences in such a way that it means exactly
the same as the sentence printed before it
1. The only way you can become a good student is by studying hard everyday
-> Only by___________________________________________________
2. Would you mind not smoking in here?
-> I’d rather___________________________________________________
3. The value of sterling has fallen considerably in the past week
-> There has___________________________________________________
4. My father was sound asleep in his chair worn out after his day in the field
-> So________________________________________________________
5. My new boss has difficulty in getting up early in London
->My boss is__________________________________________________
Part 2. Rewrite the following sentences using the words in brackets. Do not alter the
words given
1. I don’t like him because he boasts a lot ( MOUTH)
->__________________________________________________________
2. This mix-up is not my fault ( BLAME)
->__________________________________________________________
3. There is nothing new about defence alliances (HILLS)
->__________________________________________________________
4. My impression of him was that he was a very capable person (STRUCK)
->__________________________________________________________
5. The man in that painting reminds me of my uncle (RESEMBLANCE)
->__________________________________________________________
Part 3. Write a paragraph about 200 words
Children should be required to help with household tasks as soon as they are able to do
so. What is your opinion? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer
-THE END_