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    Defects in Crystalline Materials (M)

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    Michael Vincent Mirafuentes
    The document discusses different types of crystalline imperfections or defects, classified based on their geometry. It describes point defects such as vacancies, interstitials, and impurity defects. It also discusses line defects like edge, screw and mixed dislocations that occur along dislocation lines. Interfacial defects include grain boundaries and twin boundaries. Volume defects involve pores, cracks and foreign inclusions within the crystal structure. The types and levels of defects are influenced by factors like temperature, stress, and solidification during crystal formation.

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    Defects in Crystalline Materials (M)

    Uploaded by

    Michael Vincent Mirafuentes
    31 views32 pages
    The document discusses different types of crystalline imperfections or defects, classified based on their geometry. It describes point defects such as vacancies, interstitials, and impurity defects. It also discusses line defects like edge, screw and mixed dislocations that occur along dislocation lines. Interfacial defects include grain boundaries and twin boundaries. Volume defects involve pores, cracks and foreign inclusions within the crystal structure. The types and levels of defects are influenced by factors like temperature, stress, and solidification during crystal formation.

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    The document discusses different types of crystalline imperfections or defects, classified based on their geometry. It describes point defects such as vacancies, interstitials, and impurity defects. It also discusses line defects like edge, screw and mixed dislocations that occur along dislocation lines. Interfacial defects include grain boundaries and twin boundaries. Volume defects involve pores, cracks and foreign inclusions within the crystal structure. The types and levels of defects are influenced by factors like temperature, stress, and solidification during crystal formation.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    31 views32 pages

    Defects in Crystalline Materials (M)

    Uploaded by

    Michael Vincent Mirafuentes
    The document discusses different types of crystalline imperfections or defects, classified based on their geometry. It describes point defects such as vacancies, interstitials, and impurity defects. It also discusses line defects like edge, screw and mixed dislocations that occur along dislocation lines. Interfacial defects include grain boundaries and twin boundaries. Volume defects involve pores, cracks and foreign inclusions within the crystal structure. The types and levels of defects are influenced by factors like temperature, stress, and solidification during crystal formation.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 32

    Crystalline Imperfections

    or Defects
    Types of Defects
     Point Defects
     Line Defects
     Interfacial Defects
     Volume Defects

     Basis of Classification:
    “GEOMETRY”
    Point Defects
     Vacancies
     Intersticialcy/
    Self interstitial
     Impurity
    Defects
     Interstitial
     Substitutional
    Vacancies
    Nv = Nexp(-Qv/kT)
    Vacancies increase
    with
    Temperature!!!

    Vacancies are
    important in
    causing solid state
    Vacancies in Pt
    diffusion
    Interstitialcy/Self Interstitial

    Interstitial site – a
    small void space
    which under ordinary
    circumstances is not
    occupied
    Impurity Defects
    Intentionally added to improve
    Strength of Metals: ALLOYING

    Iron
    Carbon

    Steel
    Point Defects in Ionic Compounds
    Point Defects

     Heating

     Solidification
     (impurities
    maybe added)  Stress
    Line Defects
     occur as three types:
     edge
     screw
     mixed
    EDGE DISLOCATION

    Dislocation Line
    perpendicular
    Burgers vector, b
    SCREW DISLOCATION

    Dislocation Line
    Parallel
    Burgers vector, b
    EDGE

    SCREW
    MIXED DISLOCATION
    Dislocation Line
    Neither Parallel
    nor Perpendicular
    Burgers vector, b
    Burger’s Circuit
    Source of Dislocation

     Solidification  Stress
    Frank-Read Source
    (Stress + Dislocation)
    Frank-Read Source
    (Stress + Dislocation)
    Frank-Read Source
    (Stress + Dislocation)
    Interfacial Defects
     External Surfaces
     Grain Boundaries
     Twin Boundaries
     Stacking Fault
    External Surfaces

    Surfaces are considered defective


    since the atoms at the surface lack
    required coordination number
    Grain Boundaries

    Represents the site at which


    MISMATCHED Crystals meet!!
    Grain Boundary
    Grain Boundaries

    STM pictures of
    GBs
    Boundary
    is 150
    Implication of Grain Boundary

     Affects:
     Mechanical Property
     Electrical Property
    Twin Boundary
    Twins in Microstructure
    Types of Twins

    Mechanical Annealing
    Twins Twins
    Important in Deformation of Metals
    Stacking
    Fault

    HCP
    Stacking Fault in
    FCC
    ABC..AB..ABC

    FCC
    Volume Defects
     Pores and Voids
     Cracks
     Foreign inclusions
     Notch
    Atomic Vibrations
     Every atom in a solid material is
    vibrating rapidly about its lattice
    position within the crystal.
     Not all atoms vibrate with the same
    frequency and amplitude, not even with
    the same energy
    THANKS FOR LISTENING!

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