Experiment 1 Calorimetry and Heat Effects: Solution

EXPERIMENT 1
CALORIMETRY AND HEAT EFFECTS
Heat can flow spontaneously from an object with high temperature to an

object with lower temperature. If the two objects are in contact, in time, both
will reach the same temperature.A calorimeter is a device used to measure heat
flow. It is simply a container with insulating walls, made so that essentially no
heat is exchanged between the contents of the calorimeter and its surrounding.
When heat flows into a substance, the temperature of that substance will
increase. The quantity of heat, q, required to cause a temperature change, T,
of any substance is proportional to the mass, m, of the substance and the
temperature change.
q = m s T Equation 1.1
The specific heat, s, is the amount of heat required to raise the

temperature of one gram of a substance by 1oC. The specific heat of water is
4.184 joules/g•oC.
When a dissolution process occurs in water, there is an exchange of heat

between the reaction mixture and the solvent, water. The heat flow from the
resulting mixture is equal in magnitude but opposite in sign to that of the water.
The heat flow associated with the dissolving process is equal to the enthalpy of
solution, solutionH.
OBJECTIVE
Todetermine the heat change involved in

dissolution processes.
PROCEDURE
A. Determination of the Calorimeter

Constant
1. Assemble the calorimeter (See Figure 1).

Use two (2) Styrofoam cups. Place the
calorimeter in a 400-mL beaker.
Figure 1.1 Assembling the calorimeter
2. Place 50 mL of distilled water in the
calorimeter. Measure the temperature of water.
3. Take another 50 mL of distilled water. Heat it to 60oC and pour into the
calorimeter.
4. Cover the calorimeter tightly and stir the resulting mixture. Record the
final temperature.
5. Calculate the calorimeter constant, Ccal by using the equations:
qcalorimeter + qhot water+ qcold water = 0 Equation 1.2
(Ccal x T)calorimeter + (m x s x T)hot water + (m x s x T)cold water = 0
Equation 1.3
B. Determination of Heat of Solution of NaOH
1. Place 50 mL of distilled water in the calorimeter. Measure the temperature

of water.
2. In a small beaker, weigh about 5 g of solid NaOH.
3. Add the NaOH to the calorimeter. Immediately cover the calorimeter and
stir the mixture continuously.
4. Determine the maximum or minimum temperature reached as the solid

dissolves.
5. Calculate the heat of solution of NaOH using the equation:
(Ccal x T)calorimeter+ (m x c x T)distilled water+ solutionH = 0
Equation 1.4
6. Calculate the heat of solution per mole of NaOH or the molar heat of
solution.
𝑴𝑾𝑺𝒂𝒍𝒕
solutionH= qsolution x Equation 1.5
𝒎𝒂𝒔𝒔𝑺𝒂𝒍𝒕
C. Determination of Heat of Solution of NH4Cl
Repeat procedures 1 – 6 above using 5 g of solid NH4Cl in place of NaOH.

REPORT SHEET
Experiment 1
Calorimetry and Heat Effects
NAME ______________________ LOCKER NO. _________ RATING ________

SCHEDULE __________________ DATE PERFORMED ____________________
A. Determination of the Calorimeter Constant
Mass of cold water __________ g

o
Initial temperature of cold water __________ C
o
Final temperature of mixture __________ C
o
T of cold water __________ C
qcold water __________ J
Mass of hot water __________ g

o
Initial temperature of hot water __________ C
o
Final temperature of mixture __________ C
o
T of hot water __________ C
qhot water __________ J
Tcalorimeter = Tcold water __________ oC

Ccalorimeter __________ J/oC
Computations:
REPORT SHEET
Experiment 1

B. Determination of Heat of Solution of NaOH
Mass of water __________ g

o
Initial temperature of water __________ C
o
Final temperature of water and NaOH __________ C
o
T of water __________ C
qwater __________ J
Mass of NaOH __________ g

Mole of NaOH __________ mole
Ccal (from procedure A) __________ J/oC

Tcal = Twater __________ oC
qsolution __________ J
solutionH __________ J/mole
Computations:
REPORT SHEET
Experiment 1

C. Determination of Heat of Solution of NH4Cl
Mass of water __________ g

o
Initial temperature of water __________ C
o
Final temperature of water and NH4Cl __________ C
o
T of water __________ C
qwater __________ J
Mass of NH4Cl __________ g

Mole of NH4Cl __________ mole
Ccal (from procedure A) __________ J/oC

Tcal = Twater __________ oC
qsolution __________ J
solutionH __________ J/mole
Computations:
GUIDE QUESTIONS
1. What is calorimetry?
2. Discuss how the Zeroth and First Law of Thermodynamics are applied in this
experiment.
3. Why is there a need to determine first the calorimeter constant?
4. What is the difference between endothermic and exothermic processes?
5. Based on the results, which dissolution of salt, i.e. NaOH or NH 4Cl, is an
endothermic process? Which is an exothermic process? Explain both results.
DISCUSSION OF RESULTS

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Experiment 1 Calorimetry and Heat Effects: Solution

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EXPERIMENT 1

CALORIMETRY AND HEAT EFFECTS

Heat can flow spontaneously from an object with high temperature to an

The specific heat, s, is the amount of heat required to raise the

When a dissolution process occurs in water, there is an exchange of heat

Todetermine the heat change involved in

A. Determination of the Calorimeter

1. Assemble the calorimeter (See Figure 1).

5. Calculate the calorimeter constant, Ccal by using the equations:

qcalorimeter + qhot water+ qcold water = 0 Equation 1.2

(Ccal x T)calorimeter + (m x s x T)hot water + (m x s x T)cold water = 0

B. Determination of Heat of Solution of NaOH

1. Place 50 mL of distilled water in the calorimeter. Measure the temperature

2. In a small beaker, weigh about 5 g of solid NaOH.

4. Determine the maximum or minimum temperature reached as the solid

5. Calculate the heat of solution of NaOH using the equation:

(Ccal x T)calorimeter+ (m x c x T)distilled water+ solutionH = 0

C. Determination of Heat of Solution of NH4Cl

Repeat procedures 1 – 6 above using 5 g of solid NH4Cl in place of NaOH.

NAME ______________________ LOCKER NO. _________ RATING ________

A. Determination of the Calorimeter Constant

Mass of cold water __________ g

Mass of hot water __________ g

Tcalorimeter = Tcold water __________ oC

NAME ______________________ LOCKER NO. _________ RATING ________

B. Determination of Heat of Solution of NaOH

Mass of water __________ g

Mass of NaOH __________ g

Ccal (from procedure A) __________ J/oC

NAME ______________________ LOCKER NO. _________ RATING ________

C. Determination of Heat of Solution of NH4Cl

Mass of water __________ g

Mass of NH4Cl __________ g

Ccal (from procedure A) __________ J/oC

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NAME __________________ LOCKER NO. _ RATING ____

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NAME __________________ LOCKER NO. _ RATING ____