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ORGS 1136 - week 8 and 9 notes

Organizational Behaviour (Nipissing University)

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ORGS 1136 – week 8 and 9

WEEK 8

Managers VS Leaders

Managers –

Day to Day activities:

 Supervises
 Department (manager of HR, payroll)
 Standard practice – know what the rules are and they enforce them (ex. 10 minutes late for
work? Get docked 15 minutes)
 Part of culture – are the job all the time
 Induce compliance – motivate employees to do what they’re supposed to do
 Controls
 Status quo – no changes, what we did yesterday we will do today, keep everything the same

Leaders –

Day to Day activities:

 Long term – ex. Look into other markets, should we go into it?
 Change – like, implement, and encourage change
 Innovates – always looking for new products, new markets, new ways of doing things
 Vision – long term sights for the company, where they want it to go
 Influences – put ideas out there and see how they’re received, hold meetings to persuade
everybody
 Empowers – do not control, delegate the work and ask people to take over tasks so they feel
important

Where do leaders come from?

Trait theory –

 People are born with traits to become a leader

 Have the right personality
 Born into the right social environment
 Physical characteristics
 Emotional intelligence – understanding your emotions and emotions of others, caring for others
 Extroversion – like to be around people
 Conscientiousness – like the details
 Openness – to ideas
 You are born with these

Behavioural theory –

 Very specific behaviours that people exhibit that make them a leader

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 Employee-oriented (consideration): emotional intelligence, like to teach and mentor people

o Can learn to be a leader
o Implying that it is a learnt skill
 Production oriented: can change process by how people do things, work in a factory, look for
new products, innovation

Contingency theory –

 People become leaders depending on the situation

 4 different topics – what is the situation that causes the leader to step up
o Fiedler – match leaders’ skills with the task (if they’re good at accounting and it’s an
accounting task, then they should step up)
o Hersey – match leader with the follower’s skills (put accountants together)
o Path goal – find needs of the group and then find a leader who satisfies followers
needs (if people are already motivated, they do not need a motivator, they might
need an organizer)
o Substitutes – clear expectations and bring group to the norm stage

Inspirational leader – leader as communicator who inspires others to act beyond their immediate self
interest (ex. Army sergeant inspires soldiers to go into firing path)

Types of inspirational leadership:

1. Transformational
a. Work for the good of the organization
b. Have an extraordinary effect on people, makes it easy to follow them
c. Significantly change the way that the industry is run
i. ex. Steve Jobs – invented the apple computer; he said “everybody should have a
computer” when there were barely any in circulation
ii. He did not have emotional intelligence; but people followed him because he
knew how to motivate people
d. Make people feel important (emotional intelligence)
2. Charismatic
a. They have something about them that draws people to them
b. Seem to have superhuman, or exceptional power or qualities
c. Have vision – look far into future
d. Often religious and political leaders
i. Ex. Hitler – got rid of all other political parties except for the Nazi party and
people didn’t do anything because they followed him
ii. People loved him so much that they were willing to let all the Jewish people be
massacred
e. Know what followers want and are sensitive to their needs
f. Take big personal risks
g. Have out of ordinary behaviours

Mentor VS Coaching

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Mentor –

 Long term relationship

 Senior employee who knows procedures, tricks of the trade, and problems that might happen to
you
 Coaching and counseling
 Have a protégé
 Develop skills and support the person

Coach –

 Very short term

 Set goals and challenges for you
 Offer constructive feedback
 Emphasize self-development and self-discovery – try things and see how it goes and then give
feedback

MAJOR DIFFERENCE: Coach tells you what to do and is more direct whereas a mentor gives you options
to decide from

Gender leadership styles –

Men VS Women

Men:

 Rely on formal authority – legitimate power

 Assertive – “you’re going to do what I said”
 Self confidence
 Directive – tell people what to do

Women:

 Encourage participation – get opinions before making decisions

 Share power and information
 Try to improve follower’s self-worth – a lot of mentoring
 Prefer to lead through inclusion – want to be voted to be the leader

*Neither are better, they are equal

WEEK 9

Critical thinking –

 Brainstorm possible solutions

o Brainstorming is easier in a group or more than 2 people
o Give out as many ideas as you can
o Encourage ideas from others by bouncing thoughts off of each other
o No judgement in brainstorming

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 Weigh pros and cons

 Analyze various solutions
 Assess the solution implemented

De Bono – British man from the 60’s who believed that thinking could be taught; can teach people to
think critically and creatively

 Consider all factors (CAF)

o Purchasing a car
 Money $$$
 length of lease
 KM’s to drive
 Insurance
 Gas
 Maintenance
 Tires (winter and summer)
 Parking pass
 Taxes
 Buy back
 Fees – down payment
 Other monthly expenses
 CAA
 Other:
 Taking up room in driveway
 Compare to the bus
 Convenience
 Chores for parents
 Independent
 Car features:
 Reliability of vehicle
 Safety record
 Gas efficiency
 If it is a suitable car for winter weather
 The colour
 Interior space (# of ppl in the car)
 Comfort
 Power
 Blind spots
 Sound system
 Standard
 Plus Minus Interesting (PMI)
o All cars in Canada must be painted yellow

Plus Minus Interesting

Highly visible Less personalization A yellow car is better than
nothing

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We have cars rather than Harder to find a taxi Yellow is a colour that
not having anything because it is yellow people like
In accidents, paint Hard to find in a parking lot Put decals
chips/scratches will be the
same
Happiness as yellow is a Yellow is not a cheap Different shades of yellow
happy colour; brighten colour
moods
Fewer distractions Harder for police in a chase Will see dirt easier on car
or trying to find a car
Would be seen as a Hard to recognize people What colour would
trademark in Canada if all you know in cars interior be?
cars are yellow Solutions: seat covers

Easier to buy a car because Hard to recognize school Key fob to locate car, new
colour choice is not an busses business idea – key fob
option ringtones?
Dealer would need fewer Hard to recognize
models on lot emergency vehicles
Easy to buy 1 colour
compared to others
(economies of scale)
 Consequences and sequels
o Rent control in Paris
 3-bedroom apartment
 1200 square feet
 $30/month

Consequences Sequels
No moving -read obituaries to find available apartments;
people were not mourning deaths but
celebrating because apartments were becoming
available
-an elderly neighbor has an apartment, so you
move in with them; they die of natural causes
and you don’t say anything because you want to
keep the apartment
-murder happened so apartments would become
available

High demand means low supply -High density because all members of family and
their kids were sharing apartments
-Conflict
-Violence
-Black market: couldn’t charge for rent but
landlord would charge you a lot of money for the
keys to the apartment or else your apartment

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would constantly stay unlocked – then they

would change the locks and make you buy a new
set of keys; $$$ to park car
No investing in new apartments (no money to be
made)

Landlords were not doing repairs because they

weren’t being paid a lot

Mind Mapping –

Useful for:

 Taking notes
 Writing
 Planning/organizing
 Speech making

Left brain:

 Logic
 Language
 Linear
 Analysis

Right brain:

 Recognize faces, patterns

 Rhythm
 Visual
 Creativity
 Parallel processing
 Synthesis

Ex. Left brain sees a flower as all petals and rips it apart, petal by petal; right brain sees the flower as
“wow that’s beautiful”

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