UNIT 1&2

Multiple Choice Question

1. Which of the following is a disadvantage of renewable energy?
a) High pollution
b) Available only in few places
c) High running cost
d) Unreliable supply

Answer: d

Explanation: Renewable energy often relies on the weather for its sources of power.
Hydro generators need rain to fill dams and thereby provide electricity. Wind turbines
need wind to turn the blades. Solar collectors need clear skies and sunshine.

2. A Solar cell is an electrical device that converts the energy of light directly into
electricity by the ____________
a) Photovoltaic effect
b) Chemical effect
c) Atmospheric effect
d) Physical effect

Answer: a

Explanation: The photovoltaic effect was first discovered in 1839 by Edmond Becquerel.
The photovoltaic effect is a process that generates voltage or electric current in a
photovoltaic cell when it is exposed to sunlight.

3. Wood is a renewable resource.

a) True
b) False

Answer: a

Explanation: Wood is a renewable resource. Trees can be replanted and grown to

maturity in place of those that are cut down. When the trees are replanted at the same
rate as they are cut down, wood will be a renewable resource. Rainforests are said to be
non-renewable because they take thousands of years to re-grow.
4. In hydroelectric power, what is necessary for the production of power throughout the
year?
a) Dams filled with water
b) High amount of air
c) High intense sunlight
d) Nuclear power

Answer: a

Explanation: Dams are used for power generation. The reservoir water is stored at a
higher level than the turbines, which are housed in a power station. The dam feed water
directly to the turbines in the power station.

5. The main composition of biogas is _______________

a) Methane
b) Carbon dioxide
c) Nitrogen
d) Hydrogen

Answer: a

Explanation: Biogas is one of the types of bio fuel that is produced from the
decomposition of organic waste. Biogas is known as the environmentally-friendly energy
source since it is converting organic waste into energy. The composition of biogas is as
follows: – Methane 50-75%, Carbon dioxide 25-50%, Nitrogen 0-10%, Hydrogen 0-1%.

6. Which Ministry is mainly responsible for research and development in renewable

energy sources such as wind power, small hydro, biogas and solar power?

a) Human Resource Development

b) Agriculture and Farmers Welfare
c) Ministry of New and Renewable Energy
d) Health and Family Welfare

Answer: c

Explanation: Ministry of New and Renewable Energy is a ministry of the Government of

India. The ministry is working to develop renewable energy for supplementing the
energy requirements of India. It is headquartered in Lodhi Road, New Delhi.
7. Which among the following have a large amount of installed grid interactive renewable
power capacity in India?

a) Wind power
b) Solar power
c) Biomass power
d) Small Hydro power

Answer: a

Explanation: Wind power having capacity 29000 MW holds 56.8%, Solar power having
capacity 9500 MW holds 18.5%, Biomass power having capacity 8200 MW holds 16%,
Small Hydro power having capacity 4400 MW holds 8.5%.

8. The world’s first 100% solar powered airport located at ____________

a) Cochin, Kerala
b) Bengaluru, Karnataka
c) Chennai, Tamil Nadu
d) Mumbai, Maharashtra

Answer: a

Explanation: Cochin International airport, the fourth-largest airport in India in terms of

international traffic, now runs entirely on solar power. Cochin International Airport
became the world’s first fully solar powered airport on 18 August 2015.

9. Which of the following is not under the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy?
a) Wind energy
b) Solar energy
c) Tidal energy
d) Large hydro

Answer: d

Explanation: According to a recent survey large hydro installed capacity was 44.41 GW.
The large hydro is administered separately by the Ministry of Power and not included in
Ministry of New and Renewable Energy.
10. Where is the largest Wind Farm located in India?
a) Jaisalmer Wind Park, Rajasthan
b) Muppandal Wind Farm, Tamil Nadu
c) Vaspet Wind Farm, Maharashtra
d) Chakala Wind Farm, Maharashtra

Answer: b

Explanation: Muppandal Wind Farm produces 1500 MW of current capacity. Muppandal

Wind Farm is the second largest onshore wind farm in the world. This Wind Farm
supplies power to many regions in Tamil Nadu.

11. Nuclear Energy is a Renewable Energy.

a) True
b) False

Answer: b

Explanation: No, Nuclear Energy is not a Renewable Energy. Nuclear Energy is produced
in Nuclear power plant. Nuclear power plant uses uranium as nuclear fuel to generate
electricity during the nuclear fission reaction. Uranium is a finite resource, so we can’t
consider the nuclear energy produced by uranium in a nuclear reactor as a renewable
energy source.

12. Which Indian enterprise has the Motto “ENERGY FOREVER”?

a) Indian Renewable Energy Development Agency
b) Indian Non-Renewable Energy Development
c) Indian Agricultural Development
d) Indian Biotechnology Development

Answer: a
Explanation: Indian Renewable Energy Development Agency established in 1987 as Non-
Banking Financial Institution. It is engaged in promoting, developing and extending
financial assistance for setting up projects which are relating to new and renewable
sources of energy.

13. Energy is released from fossil fuels when they are___________________

a) Pumped
b) Cooled
c) Burned
d) Pressurized

Answer: c

Explanation: Fossil fuels are fuels because they release heat energy when they are
burned. They are fossil fuels because they were formed from the remains of living
organisms billions of years ago. Some of the examples of fossil fuels are coal, oil and
natural gas.

14. Oil release sulfur dioxide gas when they burn.

a) True
b) False

Answer: a

Explanation: Oil release sulfur dioxide gas when they burn. This sulfur dioxide gas causes
breathing problems for living creatures. Along with the health issue this sulfur dioxide
which is emitted from oil also causes acid rain.

15. The most nuclear fuel used in the world is________________

a) Thorium – 232
b) Uranium – 238
c) Uranium – 235
d) Plutonium – 239

Answer: c

Explanation: The most used nuclear fuel is Uranium – 235. It is a radioactive metal.
Nuclear fuels like Uranium do not burnt to release energy. Instead, the fuels are involved
in nuclear reaction in nuclear reaction in the nuclear reactor.

16. The blades in wind turbines are connected to________________

a) Nacelle
b) Tower
c) Foundations
d) String

Answer: a

Explanation: A nacelle is a cover housing that houses all of the generating components in
a wind turbine. Wind turbines have huge blades mounted on a tall tower. The blades are
connected to a nacelle. Thus the nacelle in wind turbines helps to work the wind turbines.
17. In the production of wave energy which form of energy is used?
a) Potential energy
b) Kinetic energy
c) Solar energy
d) Wind energy

Answer: b

Explanation: The water in the sea rises and falls because of waves on the surface. Wave
machines use the Kinetic energy in this movement to drive electricity generators. Wave
energy also known as ocean energy. Wave energy is essentially power drawn from waves.

18. A tidal barrage is a barrier built over a___________________

a) River bed
b) River estuary
c) River end
d) River starting

Answer: b

Explanation: A tidal barrage is a barrier built over a river estuary to make use of the
kinetic energy in the moving water. Huge amounts of water move in and out of river
mouths each day because of the tides. The barrage contains electricity generators.

19. In hydroelectricity power_________________

a) Kinetic energy is transferred to potential
b) Potential energy is transferred to kinetic
c) Solar energy is transferred to wind energy
d) Wind energy is transferred to solar energy

Answer: b

Explanation: Hydroelectricity power stations use the kinetic energy in moving water. But
the water comes from behind a dam built across a river valley. The water high up behind
the dam contains potential energy.

20. Solar panels generate electricity.

a) True
b) False

Answer: b
Explanation: Solar panels do not generate electricity. They just heat up water by the
external electricity connection given to them. This solar panels are often located on the
roofs of the building where they can receive heat energy directly from the sun.

21. In order to produce solar energy during sunlight, where the energy is stored in the
batteries?
a) Nickel Sulfur
b) Zinc Cadmium
c) Nickel Cadmium
d) Nickel Zinc

Answer: c

Explanation: Nickel Cadmium cells offers along service life thereby ensuring a high
degree of the economy. In the PV industry, Nickel Cadmium battery cells are majorly used
for the energy storage technology from manufacturers and users of PV of grid systems.

22. How many forms of fossil fuels are there________________

a) One
b) Two
c) Three
d) Four

Answer: c

Explanation: There are three major forms of fossil fuels they are coal, oil and natural gas.
They formed from organic remains of plants and animals that were converted into coal,
oil and natural gas by exposure to heat and the pressure of the earth’s crust over millions
of years.

23. According to WHO, how many premature deaths annually linked to air pollution
causing by the burning of fossil fuels?
a) One million
b) Three million
c) Five million
d) Seven million

Answer: d

Explanation: Fossil fuels are not environmental friendly. Burning of fossil fuels result in
pollution and can cause serious environmental concerns. According to WHO, 7 million
premature deaths annually linked to air pollution by the fossil fuels burning.
24. Energy in the form of heat and light is obtained by________________
a) Biomass
b) Fossil fuels
c) Sun
d) Wind

Answer: c

Explanation: Energy in the form of heat and light is obtained by sun. Sunlight contains a
large amount of energy. The Sun’s energy warms the planet’s surface, powering titanic
transfers of heat and pressure in weather patterns and ocean currents.

25. SI unit for energy is_____________

a) Watt
b) Kilogram
c) Newton
d) Joule

Answer: d

Explanation: SI unit for energy is joule. Metric unit of measurement for energy or work
equal to a force of one Newton applied through a distance of one meter. One joule is
equivalent to 0.737324 ft-lbs. Joule is a SI unit of work, energy and heat.

26. Trapped heat inside the earth is known as_______________

a) Heat energy
b) Kinetic energy
c) Geothermal energy
d) Thermal energy

Answer: c

Explanation: Geothermal energy is the heat from the earth. It’s clean and sustainable.
Resources of geothermal energy range from the ground to water and hot rock. The term
geothermal originates from the Greek words.

27. A solar cell is a ___________

a) P-type semiconductor
b) N-type semiconductor
c) Intrinsic semiconductor
d) P-N Junction

Answer: d

Explanation: A p-n junction which generated EMF when solar radiation is incident on it
is called a solar cell. The material used for fabrication of solar cell should have a band gap
of around 1.5 eV.

28. Which of the following materials cannot be used as solar cells materials?
a) Si
b) GaAs
c) CdS
d) PbS

Answer: d

Explanation: If we use PbS as the solar cell material, then most of the solar radiation will
be absorbed on the top-layer of the solar cell and will not reach in the depletion zone.

29. The principle of a solar cell is same as the photodiode.

a) True
b) False

Answer: a

Explanation: The solar cell works on the same principle as the photodiode, except that no
external bias is applied and the junction area is kept much larger.

30. What is the difference between Photodiode and Solar cell?

a) No External Bias in Photodiode
b) No External Bias in Solar cell
c) Larger surface area in photodiode
d) No difference

Answer: b

Explanation: The Solar Cell does not need an external bias. It simply works on the incident
solar radiation, which causes the creation of electron hole pairs.
31. During the collection of e-h pairs, holes are collected by _________
a) Front contact
b) Back contact
c) Si-wafer
d) Finger electrodes

Answer: b

Explanation: As the electron-hole pairs move, the electrons are collected by the front
contact and the holes reaching p-side are collected by the back contact.

32. What is the point where the graph touches the X-axis Indicate?

a) Voltage Breakdown
b) RMS Voltage
c) Open Circuit Voltage
d) Short Circuit Voltage

Answer: c

Explanation: In the given figure, the point where the graph touches the X-axis shows the
open circuit voltage while the point where it touches the Y-axis shows the short circuit
current.
33. The I-V characteristics of a solar cell are drawn in the fourth quadrant.
a) True
b) False

Answer: a

Explanation: The I-V characteristics of a solar cell is drawn in the fourth quadrant of the
coordinate axis because a solar cell does not draw current but supplies the same to the
load.

34. What should be the band gap of the semiconductors to be used as solar cell
materials?
a) 0.5 eV
b) 1 eV
c) 1.5 eV
d) 1.9 eV

Answer: c

Explanation: Semiconductors with band gap close to 1.5 eV are ideal materials for solar
cell fabrication. They are made with semiconductors like Si, GaAs, CdTe, etc.

35. Which of the following should not be the characteristic of the solar cell material?
a) High Absorption
b) High Conductivity
c) High Energy Band
d) High Availability

Answer: c

Explanation: The Energy Band of the semiconductor should not be too high. It should be
around 1.5 eV so that the incident solar radiation can cause the generation of e-h pairs.
36. Which of the following region is coated with a metal?

a) A
b) B
c) C
d) D

Answer: a

Explanation: In the given figure, A is the back contact which is coated with a metal, B is
the p-Si wafer, C is the n-Si wafer and D is the front contact which has metallized finger
electrodes.

37. The term photo voltaic comes from ________

a) Spanish
b) Greek
c) German
d) English

Answer: b

Explanation: The term photo voltaic comes from Greek word phos means light. The volt
is the unit of emf which was named after inventor of the battery.

38. The volt is the units of emf that was named after its inventor _________
a) Alessandro volta
b) Alxender volta
c) Alexa volta
d) Alexandro volta

Answer: a
Explanation: The volt is the units of that was named after its inventor Alessandro volta.
He is an Italian physicist. The term photo voltaic comes from Greek.

39. The term photo voltaic is in use since _________

a) 1840
b) 1844
c) 1849
d) 1850

Answer: c

Explanation: The term photo voltaic is in use since 1849. Photo voltaic is a field related to
practical application of photo voltaic cells.

40. When the source of light is not sun light then the photo voltaic cell is used as
____________
a) Photo diode
b) Photo voltaic cell
c) Photo detector
d) Photo transmitter

Answer: c

Explanation: When the source of light is not the sun light then the photo voltaic cell is
used as the photo detector. The example of the photo detector is the infra-red detectors.

41. The region where the electrons and holes diffused across the junction is called
________
a) Depletion Junction
b) Depletion region
c) Depletion space
d) Depletion boundary

Answer: b

Explanation: The region where the electrons and holes diffused across the junction is
called depletion region. It is also called as space charge region.

42. The current produce by the solar cell can be given by _________
a) IL – ID + ISh
b) IL + ID – ISh
c) IL + ID + ISh
d) IL – ID – ISh

Answer: d

Explanation: The current produced by the solar cell can be given by I=IL – ID – ISh. Where
IL = photo generated current in amperes, ID = diode current in amperes, ISh = shunt current
in amperes.

43. The amount of photo generated current increases slightly with an increase in
_________
a) Temperature
b) Photons
c) Diode current
d) Shunt current

Answer: a

Explanation: The amount of the photo generated current is slightly increased due to an
increase in the temperature. If the photo generated current increases then the output
current increases.

44. Solar cells are made from bulk materials that are cut into wafer of _________ thickness.
a) 120-180μm
b) 120-220μm
c) 180-220μm
d) 180-240μm

Answer: d

Explanation: Solar cells are made from the bulk materials that are cut into wafers of
thickness 180-240μm. Many currently available cells are cut into wafers.

45. __________ is one of the most important materials is also known as solar grade silicon.
a) Crushed silicon
b) Crystalline silicon
c) Powdered silicon
d) Silicon

Answer: b
Explanation: The crystalline silicon is one of the most important materials that are also
called as solar grade silicon. The mono crystalline, poly crystalline silicon and ribbon
silicon are the other types of silicon that are used.

46. __________ photo voltaic devices in the form of thin films.

a) Cadmium Telluroide
b) Cadmium oxide
c) Cadmium sulphide
d) Cadmium sulphate

Answer: a

Explanation: Cadmium telluroide is the photo voltaic devices in the form of thin films.
Those are used to absorb and convert the sun light into electricity.

47. __________ is a direct band gap material.

a) Copper Indium Gallium Selenide
b) Copper Selenide
c) Copper Gallium Telluride
d) Copper Indium Gallium Diselenide

Answer: a

Explanation: Copper Indium Gallium Selenide is a direct band gap material. It has the
highest efficiency among the film materials. The efficiency is about 20%.

48. Dye-sensitized solar cells are made from ________ organic dye.
a) Ruthium melallo
b) Aniline
c) Safranine
d) Induline

Answer: a

Explanation: Dye-sensitized solar cells are made from Ruthium melallo organic dye in the
form of mono layer of light absorbing material and mesoporous layer of nano particles.

49. Quantum dot solar cells are based on _______

a) Gratzel cell
b) Solar cell
c) Voltaic cell
d) Galvanic cell

Answer: a

Explanation: Quantum dot solar cells are based on the Gratzel cell or dye sensitized solar
cell. In dye-sensitized solar cell the nano particulate is titanium dioxide that amplifies the
surface area greatly.

50. The quantum dot used are _______

a) Cds
b) CdTe
c) PbO
d) GaAs

Answer: a

Explanation: The quantum dot used is generally is Cds. The other quantum dots that are
used is cadmium selluroide, PbS etc.

51. Organic polymer solar cells are made from Polyphenylene.

a) True
b) False

Answer: a

Explanation: Organic polymer solar cells are made from organic semi conductors. Some
of them are Polyphenylene, Vinylene, Carbon fullerenes.

52. A typical output of a solar cell is

a) 0.1 V
b) 0.26 V
c) 1.1 V
d) 2 V

Answer: 0.26 V

53. Which of the following material is used in solar cells?

a) Barium
b) Silicon
c) Silver
d) Selenium
Answer: B. Silicon

54. The efficiency of a solar cell may be in the range

a) 2 to 5%
b) 10 to 15%
c) 30 to 40%
d) 70 to 80%

Answer: B. 10 to 15%

55. Satellite power requirement is provided through

a) Solar cells
b) Dry cells
c) Nickel cadmium cells
d) Lead acid batteries

Answer: A. Solar cells

56. Which of the following constitutes the major load for an automobile battery?
a) Brake light
b) Self starter
c) Parking lights
d) Spark plugs

Answer: B. Self starter

57. The function of a solar collector is to convert.......

a) Solar Energy into Electricity
b) Solar Energy radiation
c) Solar Energy thermal energy
d) Solar Energy mechanical energy

Answer: C. Solar Energy thermal energy

58. Most of the solar radiation received on earth surface lies within the range of........
a) 0.2 to 0.4 microns
b) 0.38 to 0.78 microns
c) 0 to 0.38 microns
d) 0.5 to 0.8 microns

Answer: A. 0.2 to 0.4 microns

59. For satellite the source of energy is........
a) Cryogenic storage
b) Battery
c) Solar cell
d) Any of the above

Answer: C. Solar cell

60. Reflecting mirrors used for exploiting solar energy are called........
a) Mantle
b) Ponds
c) Diffusers
d) Heliostats

Answer: D. Heliostats

61. The output of solar cell is of the order of........

a) 1 W
b) 5 W
c) 10 W
d) 20 W

Answer: A. 1 W

62. Flat plate collector absorbs.......

a) Direct radiation only
b) Diffuse radiation only
c) Direct and diffuse both
d) All of the above

Answer: C. Direct and diffuse both

63. A pyranometer is used for measurement of........

a) Direct radiation only
b) Diffuse radiation only
c) Direct as well as diffuse radiation
d) All of the above

Answer: C. Direct as well as diffuse radiation

64. Most widely used solar material is........
a) Arsenic
b) Cadmium
c) Silicon
d) Steel

Answer: C. Silicon

65. Photovoltaic cell or solar cell converts........

a) Thermal energy into electricity
b) Electromagnetic radiation directly into electricity
c) Solar radiation into thermal energy
d) Solar radiation into kinetic energy

Answer: B. Electromagnetic radiation directly into electricity

66. Temperature attained by a flat-plate collector is of the........

a) Order of about 900C
b) Range of 1000C to 1500C
c) Above 1500C
d) None of the above

Answer: A. Order of about 900C

67. The voltage of a single solar cell is.......

a) A.0.2 v
b) B.0.5 v
c) C.1.0 v
d) D.2.0 v

Answer: C.0.5 v

68. Solar cells, for power generation, entail the following major disadvantages........
a) Variable power
b) High cost
c) Lack of availability
d) Large area requirement

Answer: B. High cost

69. Thermionic converter utilizes........
a) Thermionic emission effect
b) Peltier effect
c) Seebeck effect
d) None of the above

Answer: A. Thermionic emission effect

70. Largest geothermal plant in operation is in........

a) Maxico
b) Italy
c) Russia
d) California

Answer: B. Italy

71. Bulb turbines are........turbines

a) A.Low head
b) B.High head
c) C.High speed
d) D.High pressure

Answer: A. Low head

72. Which of the following energy has the greatest potential among all the sources of
renewable energy?
a) Solar energy
b) Wind Energy
c) Thermal energy
d) Hydro-electrical energy

Answer: a

Explanation: Solar energy has the greatest potential of all the sources of renewable
energy which comes to the earth from sun. This energy keeps the temperature of the
earth above that in colder space, causes wind currents in the ocean and the atmosphere,
causes water cycle and generates photosynthesis in plants.

73. What is the rate of solar energy reaching the earth surface?
a) 1016W
b) 865W
c) 2854W
d) 1912W

Answer: a

Explanation: The solar energy reaching the surface of the earth is about 1016W whereas
the worldwide power demand is 1013W. That means solar energy gives us 1000 times
more energy than our requirement.

74. What is total amount of solar energy received by earth and atmosphere?
a) 3.8 X 1024 J/year
b) 9.2 X 1024 J/year
c) 5.4 X 1024 J/year
d) 2.1 X 1024 J/year

Answer: a

Explanation: Even if we use 5% of this energy, it is more than 50 times our requirement.
The total solar radiation absorbed by the earth and its atmosphere is 3.8 X 1024
Joules/year. Except that it is distributed over the area of earth.

75. Which is most common source of energy from which electricity is produced?
a) Hydroelectricity
b) Wind energy
c) Coal
d) Solar energy

Answer: c

Explanation: Coal is the most common source of energy that is being used since
industrialization. Modern steam boilers can burn coal in any of its form as a primary fuel.
Different ranks of coal available are peat, lignite, bituminous and anthracite.

76. Oil is estimated to last for ________ more.

a) 100 years
b) 500 years
c) A decade
d) 800 years

Answer: a
Explanation: Almost 40% of energy needs is met by oil alone. With present consumption
and a resource of 250,000 million tonnes of oil, it is estimated to be last for only 100 years,
unless more oil is discovered. Major chunk of oil comes from petroleum.

77. Complete the following reaction.

H2O + CO2 → _______
a) CH2O + O2
b) CO2 + O2
c) H + CO2 + O2
d) CH2O + H2O + O2

Answer: a

Explanation: H2O + CO2 → CH2O + O2 ∵under solar energy CH2O is stable at low
temperature but breaks at higher temperature releasing heat equal to 469 Kj/mole.

78. In what form is solar energy is radiated from the sun?

a) Ultraviolet Radiation
b) Infrared radiation
c) Electromagnetic waves
d) Transverse waves

Answer: c

Explanation: Solar energy is radiated from the sun in the form of electromagnetic waves
of shorter wavelength of 0.2 to 0.4 micrometers. Out of all the solar energy radiations
reaching the earth’s atmosphere, 8% is ultraviolet radiation, 40% is visible range light
and 46% is by infrared radiation.

79. What does MHD stands for in the energy field?

a) Magneto Hydro Dynamic
b) Metal Hydrogen Detox
c) Micro Hybrid Drive
d) Metering Head Differential

Answer: a

Explanation: Magneto hydro dynamic is a generator which is used for direct conversion
of thermal energy into electrical energy. They work on faraday principle. When an electric
conductor moves across a magnetic field, electric current is produced.
80. Solar radiation which reaches the surface without scattering or absorbed is called
_____________
a) Beam Radiation
b) Infrared radiation
c) Ultraviolet radiation
d) Diffuse radiation

Answer: a

Explanation: Solar radiation that has not been absorbed or scattered and reaches the
ground from the sun is called direct radiation or beam radiation. It is the radiation which
produces a shadow when interrupted by an opaque object.

81. The scattered solar radiation is called ____________

a) Direct Radiation
b) Beam Radiation
c) Diffuse radiation
d) Infrared Radiation

Answer: c

Explanation: Diffuse radiation received from the sun after its direction has been changed
by reflection and scattering by the atmosphere. Since the solar radiation is scattered in
all direction in the atmosphere, diffuse radiation comes to the earth from all parts of the
sky.

82. Solar radiation received at any point of earth is called ______________

a) Insolation
b) Beam Radiation
c) Diffuse Radiation
d) Infrared rays

Answer: a

Explanation: Insolation is the total solar radiation received at any point on any point on
the earth’s surface. In other words insolation is the sum of the direct and diffuse radiation.
More specifically insolation is defined as the total solar radiation energy received on a
horizontal surface of unit area on the ground in unit time.
83. Insolation is less ____________
a) when the sun is low
b) when the sun right above head
c) at night
d) at sun rise

Answer: a

Explanation: The insolation at a given point or location on the earth’s surface depends
among other factors, on the altitude of the sun in the sky. As a result of absorption and
scattering, the insolation is less when the sun is low in the sky than when it is higher.

84. HHW stands for ____________

a) High and Low water
b) High Level Waste
c) Heated Low Level water
d) High and Low Waste

Answer: b

Explanation: These are generated in reprocessing of spent fuel. They contain all fission
products and contain of the transuranium elements not separated during reprocessing.
Such wastes are to be disposed of carefully.

85. What is unit of nuclear radiation?

a) Reaumur
b) Roentgen
c) Rankine
d) Pascal

Answer: b

Explanation: Units of nuclear radiation is Roentgen- amount of radiation which will on

passing through pure air under standard condition produce 1 electrostatic unit of
ions/cm3 of air -> 86.9 ergs of energy absorbed/gm of air.

86. Which type of fuel is removed from the reactor core after reaching end of core life
service?
a) Burnt Fuel
b) Spent fuel
c) Engine oil
d) Radioactive fuel
Answer: b

Explanation: Spent fuel is the unprocessed fuel that is removed from the reactor core after
reaching end of core life service. It is removed and then stored for 3 to 4 months under
water in the plant site to give time for the most intense radioactive isotopes to decay.