FACULTY OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY
Hamdard Institute of Engineering & Technology
Hamdard University
LAB#08
To do Load Flow Analysis for a given network using ETAP
OBJECTIVE
To model a power system on ETAP and do its load flow analysis to analyze voltages on different
buses
THEORY
LOAD FLOW ANALYSIS:
The power-flow study, or load-flow study, is a numerical analysis of the flow of electric power
in an interconnected system. A power-flow study usually uses simplified notation such as a one-
line diagram and per-unit system, and focuses on various aspects of AC power parameters, such
as voltages, voltage angles, real power and reactive power. It analyzes the power systems in
normal steady-state operation.
Power-flow or load-flow studies are important for planning future expansion of power systems
as well as in determining the best operation of existing systems. The principal information
obtained from the power-flow study is the magnitude and phase angle of the voltage at each bus,
and the real and reactive power flowing in each line.
The goal of a power-flow study is to obtain complete voltage angle and magnitude information
for each bus in a power system for specified load and generator real power and voltage
conditions. Once this information is known, real and reactive power flow on each branch as well
as generator reactive power output can be analytically determined. Due to the nonlinear nature of
this problem, numerical methods are employed to obtain a solution that is within an acceptable
tolerance.
The solution to the power-flow problem begins with identifying the known and unknown
variables in the system. The known and unknown variables are dependent on the type of bus. A
bus without any generators connected to it is called a Load Bus. With one exception, a bus with
at least one generator connected to it is called a Generator Bus. The exception is one arbitrarily-
selected bus that has a generator. This bus is referred to as the slack bus.
Hamdard Institute of Engineering & Technology, Hamdard University
Sharae Madinat Al-Hikmah, Muhammad Bin Qasim Avenue, Karachi 74600, Pakistan.
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY
Hamdard Institute of Engineering & Technology
Hamdard University
PROCEDURE
Open the ETAP software in the pc.
On the right hand side of the software equipments are present.
Construct the circuit as shown in circuit diagram in “Edit mode” tab.
Run the load flow analysis for a given network.
Get the power flow values at each bus.
And get the results through load flow result analyzer
LAB TASK
Design the following Electrical Power System (Transmission line model) using ETAP and
perform its load flow analysis. Attach simulation results with alerts if any.
Hamdard Institute of Engineering & Technology, Hamdard University
Sharae Madinat Al-Hikmah, Muhammad Bin Qasim Avenue, Karachi 74600, Pakistan.
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY
Hamdard Institute of Engineering & Technology
Hamdard University
PARAMETERS:
OTHER
SI.NO COMPONENT MANUFACTURER RATING PARAMETERS TO
BE SPECIFIED
1. Buses
Bus1 ---- 100KV
Bus2 ---- 100KV
Bus3 ---- 100KV
2. Impedances
Z12 ----- Percentage R=2,X=4,Y=0
base KV-100kv
3. Z12 ----- Percentage R=1,X=3,Y=0
base KV-100kv
4. Z12 ----- Percentage R=1.25,X=2.5,Y=0
base KV-100kv
-----
5. Sych.Generator 1 100KV, Reference or Slack
250 MW bus
6.
Sych.Generator 2 ----- 100KV, Generator bus
250 MW Var limits:200&-100
7. Lumped Load ----- 400MW,471MVA Conventional model,
Rated 100kv
Hamdard Institute of Engineering & Technology, Hamdard University
Sharae Madinat Al-Hikmah, Muhammad Bin Qasim Avenue, Karachi 74600, Pakistan.
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY
Hamdard Institute of Engineering & Technology
Hamdard University
Learning Outcomes:
Upon successful completion of the lab, students will be able to:
LO1: Get familiar with load flow analysis on ETAP software
LO2: To learn about the significance of doing LFA
Lab Report:
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Hamdard Institute of Engineering & Technology, Hamdard University
Sharae Madinat Al-Hikmah, Muhammad Bin Qasim Avenue, Karachi 74600, Pakistan.
