And this is the picture of Mars at

mid century: a small planet

which three- fourths is cold des-
ert, viith the rest covered with a sort of
plant life (most likely lichen) That our
biological knowledge cannot encom-
pass...Mars is not the dead planet...but
neither can it be inhabited by the kind
of intelligent beings that many people
dreamed of in 1900" (The Exploration
of Mars by Werner von Braun, Willy Ley
and C. Bonestell, 1956).

Introduction. At 8 p.m. on June 20th,

1957, in the Ballroom of the Hotel Diplo-
mat in New York City, a meeting was
held to coordinate an expected visit
by 'the Space People" to Earth. The
meeting was planned by three peo-
ple: George Van Tassel, author of I
Rode a Flying Saucer; George King,
telepathic contactee with the extrater-
restrials and editor of Cosmic Force;
anc Margaret Storm, author of an oc-
cult- oriented biography of Nikola
Tesl o entitled Return of the Dove, a
book whose "transcripts (were) re-
ceived on the Tesla set, a radio -type
machine invented by Tesla in 1938 for
interplanetary communication." By
July 1, was assured, the "Martians"
it
would have "full scale operations" in
Washington D.C., New York and "gen-
eral North American areas." It was also

Througout his life,

inventor Nikola Tesla
was convinced that he
had received a
message from
beyond the Earth.
U_
z Was he right?
o
CC
H-
U
w
-J revealed that "Tesla was a Venusian,
w brought to this planet as a baby in
1856, and left in a remote mountain

NIK0LA TESLA: province in what is now Yogoslavia

[sic]."
in attendance at that meeting was a
man who preferred to remain un-

Interplanetary
U
noticed. He was an FBI agent assigned
to continue the growing file on the
cc!,
enigmatic Serbo. Croatian inventor,

zw
0
0
Communicator? Nikola Tesla. The Interplanetary Ses-
sions Newsletter from which the pre-
ceding information was taken came
from the Tesla FBI file released to me
through the Freedom of Information
BY MARC J. SEIFER Act.

62
 From his same dossier it is clear that Schemes and apparatus for an in- industrial realities and he was her -
Tesla had been watched in his waning terplanetary communicator for the oc- o'ded the time for his brilliance. Re-
years by J. Edgar Hoover, who wrote, togenarian, however, were anything rember that when you see a jewel -lit
on January 21, 1943, during the height but new. For instance, in a 1907 New city and surrounding network of il-
of World War II, "A review of the Bureau York Times editorial, Tesla said "My umed suburbia some night, it is a
files reveals considerable information magnifying transmitter...can easily T onumert to the Serbian Aladdin who
concerning Nikola Tesla and his inven- bridge the gulf which separates us oelieved n interplanetary communi-
tions." It was just two weeks after the from Mars." Many years later (1Q21), oation.
inventor's death, and Hoover feared Tesla published a short article h the After changing the course of history
that Tesla's creations, including his well Electrical World entitled "Interplane- 'rom a future envisioned by Edison
publicized "death ray," could get into tary Communication." There, he re- backers. which would have required a
the hands of "the Axis Powers" or the stated that he had received impulses power station every square mile across
Soviet Union as Tesla's nephew, Sava stemming from Mars in 189Q anc that the civ lizec continents, to one con-
Kosanovibh, ambassador to the newly since that time had developed "nu- ic ping just a small number of mighty
created Communist country of merous designs...(fcr) thoroughly prac- transmitting sources, Tesla decided to
Yugoslavia was demanding that his tical apparatus." go one better. In 1893 he pieced the
Jncle's estate oe shipped to a mu- wireless puzzle together from his own
seum that was being erected there in Tesla: Cosmic Star of the Gilded experiments in cordless vacuum
nis honor. Hoover wrote that Age. Kings of Belgium and Serbia, lamps and from research by Sir
'Kcsanovich might possibly make cer- and upper eche.ons in England, William Crookes, Sir Oliver Lodge,
tain material available to the enemy." France, Germany. Austro- Hungary, Heinreicr Hertz, and Sir William
Italy, and Russia knew the eleclrkal F'reece. Tesla discovered that the Earth
The Testascope. Margaret Storm's genius intimately. Tesla was an interna- i'self could be used to transmit energy.
opposition that Tesla was born from tional figure wno moved among the Thus, the need for constructing hun-
another planet to give our world such very pinnacle of social circ,es. At the dreds al thousands of miles of transmis-
devices as the induction motor, fluo- turn of the century, his American son lines was unnecessary, for proper
rescent and neon lights, remote con - friends, enerr ies, and associates in- apparatus could transport huge
t-ol, robots, the radio, and also our cluded: Col. John Jacob Astor, per- amounts o' energy from one point on
entire electric -power distribution sys- haps the greatest landowner in IVew the- globe to another without any wires.
tem, stemmed from a colorful history of York City and builder of the Wa dorf The inventor's scheme was actually
the inventor's ties to the group -fantasy Astoria, Tesla's lodg ng for over a de- cute simple. Tesla realized that this
that life on Mars was a virtual certainty. cade; industrialists George West- Giant elect-omagnet called Earth has
Storm was also influenced by the times inghouse and John Hays Hammond: resonart f-equencies (which today
(e g., the mid- 1950's interest in UFO's; financiers Henry Clcy Frick, builder of are known as telluric currents). By
the general state of paranoia fueled the Frick Museum, Equitable Insurance building giant broadcasting towers to
by the fear of communist infiltration, director Thomas Forune Rycn, J. Pier - pump large voltages into the earth
i.e., the McCarthy period), her read- pont Morgan, invesor in many Tesla and ambient medium, and by build-
ings in Theosophical literature which products and schemes and most ing identically designed receiving sta-
linked Testa to the so- called sixth -root powerful economic `orce on the plan- tions, both in exact mathematical
race, (the new species of human that et, and banker Jacob Schiff; editors relationships to the size of the Earth
was evolving on the planet), and also Robert Underwood Johnson of The and its period of frequency, terrestrial
to her frierdship with Arthur Matthews, Century, T.C. Martin of Electrical W,-Id carrier waves would abolish the need
o bizarre electrician, who as far as I who was the compiler of the first Tesla for -ransmission lines. Once power was
know is still alive and still contends that collected works and a biocraphd of "jumped" that way from, say, a water-
he and his employer, Tesla, had trav- Edison, and Joseph 2ollier of Collier's fall to a distant city (i.e., from tower to
eled many times to nearby planets Magazine; artists such as composer tower) and converted to more useable
aboard a Venusan spacecraft. Dvorak and writers Rudyard Kip ing frequencies, energy could be trans -
Storm's choice of 1938 as the date for and Mark Twain; and. of course, inven- ported .ccally by means of con-
th:e invention of the interplanetary tors such as O:iver Lodge, Guglielmo ventiona wre transmission lines or via
communicator appears to be a year Marconi, Elihu Tnomson. ana Thomas resonant receiving devices such as re-
off. On Tesla's 81st birthday, he an- Edison- Tesla's employer from mote controlled clocks, telephones,
nounced -he invention of what has 1884-85 and arch -enemy/competitor te+etyoe, and lighting fixtures. At the
come to be called the "teslascope." for the next 35 'dears. scme time, Tesla reasoned, even
An article in the July t1,1937 New York Tesla's invention of the irduction greater charges set up in such a way
Times quo-ed Tesla: "I have devoted motor and alternating-current poly- as io amplify the naturally flowing
much of my time during the last year to phase system, sold to Westing louse as Earth currert could transmit a signifi-
the perfecting of a new small and a 40- patent package for $85,000, plus cant Empulsá from this planet to an-
compact apparatus by which energy royalties, in 1883. chcnged the couse other.
in considerable amounts can now be of history in a dramctic and intima-e
flashed through interstellar space to way. The elect-ical genius had con- Interplanetary Communication. To
any distance without the slightest dis- ceived a mears of sending e ectricity prove his wi-eless scheme and begin
persion." more than one mile. plans for inauguration of his World
Tne article went on to describe "a Before Tesla, that was abort the ex- Te egraphy System, in 1899, Tesla
new form of tube" able to produce tent of the budding electric -utility h- moved his operations to Colorado
potentials in excess of 18 million volts. "It dustry's ability to transport energy, and Sp"ings where he constructed a labo-
is of ideal s mplicity...lt will carry heavy then only to illuminate lightbubs. Ater ratory and 230 foot transmission tower
currents, transform any amount of en- Tesla, power to run factories could be with plans of circumscribing the globe
ergy within practical limits, and per- transported hurdreds of miles- for e<- with eectrical impulses. One summer
mits easy control and regulation of the ample, from Niagara Falis to New Yolk night, wh le in his wireless laboratory
same." City. Tesla made impossible dreams high in the Rockies, Tesla was en-

63
 (No Yodel.) 4 8IIeete-BDeot the idea that he may have intercepted
s.
N. TESLA. a mere earthly message from such
ELEOTRIOAL TRANSMISSION OF POWER. wireless colleagues as Professor Mar-
ble in Connecticut, Dr. Riccia in
No. 382,280. Patented May 1, 1888. France, Professor D'Azar in Rome, or
rival Guglielmo Marconi who two
years later sent "3 fairy taps" across the
Atlantic Ocean to capture the imag-
ination of the world with the first trans-
atlantic wireless message.
During the very months Tesla was
perfecting long -range wireless trans-
mission and radar tracking devices,
Marconi was experimenting with pi-
rated Tesla oscillators in broadcasting
the Morse code for the letter S (i.e., dot -
dot -dot) over hundreds of miles in Eu-
rope and across the English Channel.
Modifying the extraterrestrial encoun-
ter, recent biographers such as Hunt
and Draper, and Cheney, have sug-
gested that Tesla may have picked up
the vibrations from a stellar quasar. In
either case, however, Tesla was per-
ceived as returning to New York City
and his home at the Waldorf, having
F/y /4 received messages from outer space.
A few years later, the awful truth
At
Fig /.5- dawned upon Tesla: he had received
the electromagnetic echo of Mar -
coni's experiments; however, that real-
ization was too painful and Tesla
defended vehemently against it in a
classic psychoanalytic way: he ra-
tionalized by seeking alternative hy-
potheses and regressing to a more -
primitive belief structure. In a 1921 arti-
cle, Tesla admitted as much but dis-
guises it as a denial:
"I was naturally very much interested
in reports given out about two years
ago that...these supposed planetary
signals were nothing else than interfer-
ing undertones of wireless transmitters,
and since announced that fact other
I

experts have apparently taken the

same view. These disturbances ob- I

served for the first time from 1906 to

M/1NE88E8: INrEM1.OR.
1907. At that time they occurred rarely,
33 .N but subsequently they increased in fre-
tJHH-14142,, quency. Every transmitter emits under-
sr
r.swndw4 C.i4n.Gc.e
Ar7oRNErS
f.
"4y.
tones, and these give by interference
long beats, the wavelength being
anything from 50 miles to 300 or 400
miles."
Tesla's invention of the induction motor and the AC polyphase system changed the course To further support the claim that
of world history. His inventions made it possible to transmit electrical power over wires for Tesla's reception of so- called Martian
long distances. Previously, the maximum distance possible v. is limited to about one mile. signals was based upon self -delusion,
it is clear that for at least seven years
gaged in tracking thunderstorms with- can never forget the first sensations I prior to 1899, Tesla desired to transmit
in a radius of 1200 miles with sensitive experienced wnen it dawned upon and receive impulses with nearby
electrical devices. During that time he me that had observed something
I planets. For instance, in 1896, fully
received "three fairy taps" on that possibly of incalculable consequen- three years before Tesla's alleged ET
radar-like apparatus. He speculated ces to mankind...the feeling is con- encounter, the New York Sun published
in a series of articles, one in 1901 in stantly growing in me that had been
I a Tesla interview under the spec-
Colliers Magazine, that those impulses the first to hear the greeting of one tacular title "Tesla May Signal to Mars."
probably originated from intelligent planet to another." The inventor said: "If there are intel-
sources exterior to the Earth such as Stating in the same article that he ligent inhabitants of Mars or any other
from Venus or Mars. "could feel the pulse of the globe as it planet, it seems to me that we can do
In the Colliers article, Tesla said "I were," the electric sorcerer rejected something to attract their attention."

64
 Three years later when he arrived in
Colorado, after announcing to the re-
i""'
=3`1.
:Y,
s,-. ,>r
.
.-,..-- .
i?.
porters once again that he could sig-
nal Mars, Tesla fulfilled his own oft -
stated boast by being the first human
to hear from the space people. Rather
than accept the more likely hypoth-
esis, that deep within himself he prob-
ably /possibly knew was the correct
one (i.e., undertone receptions from
Marconi), Tesla opted for the more ex-
otic scenario of space communica-
tions. With each succeeding year, the
event became slightly more exagger-
ated as it took on more and more sym-
bolic importance.
The reclusive Balkan inventor clung
to the extraterrestrial motif throughout
his life, repeating the speculation pub- Tesla's experimental
licly on many occasions such as in 1931 laboratory in Colorado
for a Time Magazine cover story cele- Springs, Colorado.
brating his 75 birthday: Here, while working on
"Nothing can be more important his theory of
than interplanetary communication. It worldwide power
will certainly come some day, and the transmission, he
certitude that there are other human received "three finny
beings in the universe working, suffer- raps" he felt were
ing like ourselves will produce a magic sent by intelligent
effect on mankind and will form the life on Mars or Venus.
foundation of a universal brotherhood
that will last as long as humanity itself." Speilberg's movie "ET" earned over ilarity to the Earth in size and position,
In no way was Tesla alone in his be- $300,000,000, and the phrase "ET but also because of the dynamic and
lief in the existence of extraterrestrial phone home" became embraced by changeable nature of its surface as
intelligence. The theme of space the public, Lucian of Samoa, a con- seen by the astronomers. For instance,
beings wishing to communicate with temporary of the Greek philosopher Mars has ice caps that grow and di-
Earthlings can be traced to biblical Plutarch, wrote The True History, a fable minish with the seasons.
tales of burning bushes, aerial wheels about a sailing ship that was hurled to The first attempts to create a map of
of electrum, cosmic commandments, the moon by a whirlwind. That theme Mars and delineate those lines can be
and bright stars traversing the sky to of planetary travel was also echoed traced back to Bernard de Fontana,
point out the birth of Christ; or to the by Bishop Goodwin in 1638 when he Christain Huyghens, and Mr. Cassini in
mythological gods of ancient Rome or authored a story about a man who the mid- 1600's. More detailed draw-
Greece such as Zeus, Thor, Hermes, was towed on a sleigh to the same ings were done by the discoverer of
Venus, and Apollo. However, it was heavenly body, and by Cyrano de- Uranus, the well -known astronomer Sir
modern "scientific" and literary fiction Bergerac 20 years later in his books John Herschel in 1830 and by numerous
that inspired the more apparent basis Empires of the Sun and Voyage to the other scientists such as Mr. Schmidt
for Tesla's suppositions. Moon. (1862), R.A. Proctor (1867) and Camille
In 1835, Richard Adams Locke, of the Flammarion (1873).
The Plurality of Worlds. As anyone New York Sun created a series of front The year 1877 was a watershed for
who has stared at the star-lit night sky page articles on astronomer Sir John Martian influence on Earthlings. During
knows, the belief that we are not alone Hershel and his alleged discovery of a particularly close pass to our planet
is a very plausible hypothesis. With mil- advanced life forms on the moon. that year, two fabulous discoveries
lions of galaxies each containing bil- Locke's hoax, which spread around were made: Mars had its own moons
lions of stars, there are virtually an the world before it was exposed, was and its surface was adorned with a
infinite number of potential star sys- predicated on the fact that Herschel matrix of symmetrical furrows.
tems with satellites similar to our own was in South Africa at the time, and The first discovery by Professor
probably capable of sustaining life. therefore out of contact with the press. Asaph Hall confirmed Kepler's sup-
This idea, called the plurality -of- worlds Hershel's supposed discoveries of uni- position of 1610 that two small satellites
hypothesis, is a concept that through corn-like animals and winged human- circled the "Planet of War." That find
the ages has counted numerous scien- oids were made via a marvelous (and was of particular importance be-
tists among its ranks. Early astronomers fictitious) telescope that weighed cause it also supported claims for two
such as Brano, Kepler, Newton, 15,000 pounds, was 150 feet long,
and Martian moons put forward by novel-
Laplace, and Herschel took that posi- could magnify the heavens 42,000 ists Voltaire and Johnathan Swift, the
tion, along with such modern-day as- times. former in a philosophical treatise on
trophysicists as Willy Ley, Werner von In 1865, Jules Verne reawakened the the Solar System and the latter in his
Braun and Carl Sagan. idea of journeying to the moon, but by classic tale Gulliver's Travels. In the De-
Naturally, at the same time, numer- the late 1870's, focus shifted to Mars. cember 1887 issue of Comhill Maga-
ous artists and authors also have That planet became the most likely zine, Astronomer Hall wrote dramat-
seized that notion and fashioned tales candidate for the home of higher ically that the path of one of the moons
of extraterrestrial travel and intrigue. beings for fiction writers and astrono- across the zodiac: "passes...the feet of
Two thousand years before Steven mers alike, not only because of its sim- the Herdsman, the body of the Ser-

65
 pent...over the Bow of the Archer...the Bostonian Lowell family and brother of and destroy the Earth. George Lathrop,
head of the Crane, and along the the president of Harvard University, Per- son -in -law of gothic writer Nathaniel
Southern fish...Thence the Martian cival captured the front page of the Hawthorne, combatted the Red Plan-
moon passes athwart the Sea Monster New York Times with "Mars Inhabi- et's warriors on the pages of The New
and the River Eridanus...(and) very fated" headlines on a number of oc- York Journal in 1895 with disintegrating
near the celestial equator of the Mar- casions as he published the results death rays invented by the Wizard of
tian heavens." based upon his detailed Martian Menlo Park, Tom Edison.
The widely read monthly concluded maps in the prestigious science jour- Other scientists such as Lord Kelvin
that "Martian moonlight is but small in nals such as Nature, and in a magnifi- suggested that the light from New York
amount, and certainly can not go far cent text published by Macmillian City created a clear signal of progress
to compensate the Martians -as entitled The Canals of Mars: "Sug- to the Martians; Elihu Thomson of Gen-
compared with us terrestrials." How- gestive of a spider's web seen against eral Electric brought his telescope to
ever, no real evidence regarding the the grass of a spring morning, a mesh his factories in order to show his workers
prevailing theory of the plurality of of fine reticulated lines over - the canals of Mars with their own eyes!
worlds was obtained. spreads...the globe from one pole to
That theory was championed by the another...That Mars is inhabited by Tesla and the extraterrestrials.
flamboyant French astronomer and beings of some sort or other we may Quite naturally, Tesla, who like the
psychical researcher Camille Flam- consider as certain as it is uncertain others, had followed the interplane-
marion in his classic works The Plurality tary developments for decades, did
of Worlds and Mars and Its Inhabitants. not want to be eclipsed by such com-
Both "scientific treatises" were written petitors as Thomson or Edison. There-
after his more mystical tale, entitled fore, he proclaimed boldly that the
Stories of Infinity, about a conversation time finally arrived: communication
the author had with a comet named with our extraterrestrial neighbors had
Lumen was published. (probably) begun.
Flammarion's belief that Mars Perhaps due in part to a friendly
housed life stemmed not only from his sparring match of spectacular arti-
daily studies with his own telescope of cles, the brother -in -law of George
the mountains and craters of the plan- Lathrop, Philadelphia North American
et, but also from the more detailed columnist Julian Hawthorne came to
observation supplied by Italian star- Tesla's aid and authored a series of
gazer Giovanni Schiaparelli, who an- rather detailed treatises on the inven-
nounced to the world that the Red tor's philosophy, laboratory, and fabu-
Planet was etched with geometrical lous electronic experiments...and also
and parallel trails which he named his work in interplanetary communica-
"canali." Renamed "canals," instead tion.
of the more literal translation of "chan- In an article entitled, "And How Will
nel," Flammarion boldly suggested Tesla Reply To Those Signals From
that: "these canals may be natural...or Mars ?" Hawthorne wrote: "Mars, for ex-
they may be grooves excavated by ample, is several millions years older
the inhabitants for the distribution of than this little dot of an Earth of
water..." ours...How we stare at the Neanderthal
After discussing the size of the Located in Shoreham, NY, this tower was skull and try in vain to reconstruct for
oceans, (which were no larger than built by Tesla for experiments in world- ourselves a mode of existence the
the Mediterranean), the changing cli- wide telegraph). and power transmission. date of which in contrast with the supe-
mates, and a snowfall photographed The tower never became operational. riority in age of Mars over us, is but as
by Professor Pickering of Harvard in yesterday...Think what prophecies we
1890, Flammarion concluded "it is ob- what those beings may be...Girdling are hazarding as to the miracles we
vious...that the world of Mars is...vig- their globe and stretching from pole to will achieve before the year
orously alive." He also suggested that pole, the Martian canal system not 2000...Measuring against that stan-
due to the lightness of the atmosphere: only embraces their whole world, but it dard, then, to what height shall we
"the inhabitants of this planet may is an organized entity...the first thing have attained this day in a million
have received the privilege of flight... that is forced on us in conclusion is the years?...
May they not rather be like dragon- necessarily intelligent and non- belli- "The other day, there happened to
flies fluttering in the air above the lakes cose character of the community Mr. Tesla the most momentous experi-
and the canals ?" which could act as a unit throughout its ence that has ever visited a human
Influenced rather dramatically by globe." being on this Earth. Three soft impulses
those bold words and scientific obser- Not to be undone, novelists and travelling with the speed of light were
vations, which appeared in Review of newspaper columnists embraced this received by Tesla in Colorado from
Reviews and North American Review, group fantasy with ardor, In 1896, some Tesla on the planet Mars!
the Time Magazine and Saturday Eve- George duMaurier, grandfather of "...No thoughtful man can have
ning Posts of the Gay Nineties, the hy- Daphne, wrote the novel The Martian much doubt then, that little as we are
pothesis that Mars was inhabited by in which he described the telepathic aware of it, we must for many ages
an advanced civilization was given winged beings 'that descends from have been subjected to the direct in-
further observational corroboration by no monkey," but are able to excavate, spection and familiar approach of the
Percival Lowell, discoverer (30 years adorn with marble statues, and irri- men of Mars and of the other older
later) of the planet Pluto, and builder gate the entire planet. H.G. Wells went planets. They visit us and look us
of a magnificent telescope in one better with in his serialized 1897 over...year after year; and report at
Flagstaff, Arizona. horror story War of the Worlds, when he home: They're not ready yet! But at
A descendant of the prestigious had terrible extraterrestrials invade (Continued on page 102)

66
 NIKOLA TESLA was somewhat arbitrary in terms of pin- cast about a Martian invasion, esti-
(Continued from page 66) pointing a specific date for over 40 mated that upward of two million
years of Tesla dabbling with inter- people were psychologically shaken
planetary devices. The year 1938 may by it. Perhaps fired up by the recent
length a Tesla is born, and the starry
men are on the watch for develop- actually have been chosen by Storm success of the Nazi invasion of Austria,
ments. Possibly they guide his de- for quite another reason, as that was numerous people huddled by their ra-
velopment; who can tell ?" the year John Houseman and Orson dios and waited for Armageddon.
Thus, when Margaret Storm sug- Welles terrified America by broad- "When the Martians started coming
gested that Tesla was a space being, casting on the radio an updated ver- north from Trenton we really got
it is clear that her hypothesis was sion of H.G. Wells' classic tale, War of scared," said one listener. Where an-
deeply rooted into a well- ingrained The Worlds. other person assumed God was finally
belief that extraterrestrial life was a A Gallup poll taken just a few days punishing humans for their evil deeds,
certainty. Her choice of the year 1938 after the authentic -sounding broad- a third radio buff said in resignation to
her nephew, "Well, we might as well
eat this chicken -we won't be here in

.1 .

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vehement anger from competitors
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107 Radio -Electronics back issues (1987) $3.25 ri 167 Designing With IC's $4.00 manity well: Its robot arm, affec-
tionately named Mr. Badger, which
Toorder any of the items indicated above. check off the If you need a copy of an article that is in an issue we scraped up Martian turf and fed it
ones you want. Complete the order form below, Include indicate is unavailable you can order it directly from us. Earth food, had recorded rather as-
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terial presented, the Martian soil re-
ARTICLE
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increases and decreases were
PAGES MONTH YEAR achieved. As quoted in the De-
cember, 1976 issue of Science, that
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was called "extraordinary behavior"
by NASA scientists Crofton Farmer and
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Although no organic material was
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discovered and the scientists "war -
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of life," Farmer and Kieffer were forced
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been observed on Mars." Was Tesla,
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J
simply ahead of his time again?
1.

102