Presented By: Passant Fadel 20180243 Yussuf Sherif Fathallah 20180985 Mohamed Emad Hamdy 20170739 Marco Abdallah Benyamin 20170572

Presented by:
Passant Fadel 20180243

Yussuf Sherif Fathallah 20180985
Mohamed Emad Hamdy 20170739
Marco Abdallah Benyamin 20170572
wind Turbines
Contens
• Introduction on Wind Turbines.
• Faults in Wind Turbines.
• Maintenance in Wind Turbines.
• Vibration analysis in Wind Turbines.
Introduction on Wind
Turbines.
• What are Wind Turbines ?
• How does wind turbine work?
• Types of Wind Turbines.
• Wind Turbine Main Parts.
• Secondary Parts.
What are Wind Turbines ?
• Mainly a wind turbine is a device that converts kinetic energy into

electricity. And the kinetic energy is created from wind.
• Wind turbines have an average life of more than 25 years.
• The range of the generator is between 10-10,000 KW and as default large
turbine are grouped together to make wind farm .
How does wind turbine work?
• Wind turbines work on a simple principle (instead of using electricity to
make wind, like what happens in fans, wind turbine use wind to make
electricity).
• Wind turns the propeller of a turbine around a rotor, which spins a gearbox,
so it spins a generator, which creates electricity.
Types of Wind Turbines
• HORIZONTAL-AXIS TURBINES.
• VERTICAL-AXIS TURBINES.
HORIZONTAL-AXIS TURBINES
• Horizontal-axis wind turbines are what many people picture when thinking
of wind turbines.
• Most commonly, they have three blades and operate "upwind," with the
turbine pivoting at the top of the tower so the blades face into the wind.
HORIZONTAL-AXIS TURBINES
VERTICAL-AXIS TURBINES
• Vertical-axis wind turbines come in several varieties, including the

eggbeater-style Darrieus model, named after its French inventor.
• These turbines are omnidirectional, meaning they don’t need to be
adjusted to point into the wind to operate.
VERTICAL-
AXIS
TURBINES
And we will be working on
• HORIZONTAL-AXIS TURBINES
Wind Turbine • The blades or propellers
• Shaft
Main Parts • Generator
Blades
• It’s a movable part each one attached to
the rotor.
• Act as barriers to the wind which resist the
Blades wind force, so the wind moves it.
• When the wind forces the blade to move,
some of the wind energy is transferred to
the rotor.
Shaft
• When the rotor spins, the shaft also spins,

and transfers the mechanical energy into
rotational energy form.
Generator
• A generator uses the rotational energy to create an electric energy
(reverse to the motor).
• The purpose of secondary parts is to increase the
efficiency of the generation.
• The secondary Parts are :
• Gear box
Secondary • High speed shaft

• Controller
Parts • Sensor
• Yaw motor and drive
• Brake
•
• It duplicates the speed of the main shaft from 12-9 RPM to
1000 RPM
Gear Box
High speed shaft
connected to the output from the gear box to transfer the high-speed rotations to the generator
Controller
• An embedded system connected to
some sensors (as Anemometer) to
control the direction of rotor to
make it always in the wind
direction, when it is must to stop
the wind turbine
Sensor
Enter data to the controller according to its type.
• There are many different types of electrical and optical sensors used in wind turbines. In
general, they :
• Detect, monitor, and communicate information about parameters such as changes in the
distance between two components near each other
• Monitor levels of vibration that, if excessive, can cause major damage
• Monitor changes in temperature, pressure, and mechanical stresses
Yaw motor and
drive
• change the direction of the turbine
and controlled by the controller
Brake
Stop the rotor when the
speed is very high
Faults in wind turbine
•1. Blade Failure:-

• joint failure
• splitting along fibers
• Erosion
•Contributing factors for blade failure include:
• lighting strikes
• material or power regulator failure
• damage from foreign objects
• poor design.
• 2. Generator Failure:
• There are several reasons why the generator can fail:
- wind loading
- weather extremes
- Mechanical or electrical failure of the bearings
- excessive vibration, voltage irregularities, and cooling system failures can
lead to excessive heat and fire.
manufacturing or design faults:
- improper installation
- lubricant contamination
- inadequate electrical insulation can also cause the generator to fail.
• 3. Gearbox Failure:
• Some contributing factors of failure include:
- dirty or water-contaminated lubrication
- improper bearing settings
- significant temperature fluctuations
- improper or infrequent maintenance and servicing
- Transient loads leading to sudden accelerations
Preventative Maintenance
Adjustments Cleaning
Repairs and
Lubrication
replacements.
• Predictive Maintenance
• sensors
• valuable data
• lubrication levels
• vibration
• Temperatures
• foundation displacement.
Inspection of the
electrical cabinet, Assessing the blades Examining and
gearbox, generators, and blade pitching tightening bolts
yaw system, and brake
Examples of Measuring oil and
Monitoring &
Surveying the tower lubrication levels, Alignment of the drive
foundation sampling, and if train
necessary, replacing
Predictive
Maintenance Evaluating the nacelle
Checking ventilation,
air filters, and shock
absorbers
Repairing cracks and
corrosion
Inspecting bearing and

connections
Wind
Turbine
Bolt
Inspection
torque check on the bolts

What happens • unscheduled stoppages
if a wind 1)unscheduled service
turbine is 2)potentially void the manufacturer’s

warranty,
poorly 3) not meet peak electricity demand, and
lost revenue.
maintained? 4)a wind turbine can catch fire, with
disastrous consequences.
Vibration Analysis
For wind turbines
•Reliability of the wind

turbines is so important
•As these turbines are usually
in remote areas.
•What is the best to condition
monitor these
•Turbines?
•By vibration analysis as this
way is the fastest
•To discover and monitor any
faults.
If you asked the average vibration analyst what type of situations
they least like to deal with, their checklist might contain:
1. Variable speed and load from one test to the next
2. Variable speed and load during the actual test
3. Difficult and limited machine accessibility
4. Complex gearboxes - planetary gearboxes being the worst
Well, guess what? You have just accurately described a wind

turbine.
The wind conditions are constantly changing, so each
vibration measurement taken could potentially be at a
different speed and load condition.
And what is worse than that the speed can vary as the blades
rotate. Even the nacelle (the house at the top of the tower) will
rotate as the wind direction changes.
And one more small challenge is that the whole structure can
vibrate and resonate due to the construction of the tower and
nacelle.
It is simply very, very challenging to mount transducers to

acquire accurate data that can be compared to previous
readings in order to detect changes in the patterns.

Presented By: Passant Fadel 20180243 Yussuf Sherif Fathallah 20180985 Mohamed Emad Hamdy 20170739 Marco Abdallah Benyamin 20170572

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Presented By: Passant Fadel 20180243 Yussuf Sherif Fathallah 20180985 Mohamed Emad Hamdy 20170739 Marco Abdallah Benyamin 20170572

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Passant Fadel 20180243

• Mainly a wind turbine is a device that converts kinetic energy into

• Vertical-axis wind turbines come in several varieties, including the

• When the rotor spins, the shaft also spins,

Secondary • High speed shaft

•1. Blade Failure:-

Examples of Measuring oil and

Inspecting bearing and

torque check on the bolts

turbine is 2)potentially void the manufacturer’s

•Reliability of the wind

1. Variable speed and load from one test to the next

2. Variable speed and load during the actual test

3. Difficult and limited machine accessibility

4. Complex gearboxes - planetary gearboxes being the worst

Well, guess what? You have just accurately described a wind

It is simply very, very challenging to mount transducers to

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