The document discusses several education philosophers and their associated philosophies:
1) John Locke was associated with empiricism, believing that knowledge comes from experience and observation of the external world.
2) Herbert Spencer was associated with utilitarianism, developing ideas about how education relates to an individual's survival.
3) John Dewey was associated with experience, believing that school should reflect activities in the real world and respect students of all backgrounds.
4) George Counts advocated for schools to help foster social change and for teachers to serve as leaders in effecting social change.
5) Theodore Brameld believed education had a responsibility to mold society into a cohesive and compassionate one.
The document discusses several education philosophers and their associated philosophies:
1) John Locke was associated with empiricism, believing that knowledge comes from experience and observation of the external world.
2) Herbert Spencer was associated with utilitarianism, developing ideas about how education relates to an individual's survival.
3) John Dewey was associated with experience, believing that school should reflect activities in the real world and respect students of all backgrounds.
4) George Counts advocated for schools to help foster social change and for teachers to serve as leaders in effecting social change.
5) Theodore Brameld believed education had a responsibility to mold society into a cohesive and compassionate one.
The document discusses several education philosophers and their associated philosophies:
1) John Locke was associated with empiricism, believing that knowledge comes from experience and observation of the external world.
2) Herbert Spencer was associated with utilitarianism, developing ideas about how education relates to an individual's survival.
3) John Dewey was associated with experience, believing that school should reflect activities in the real world and respect students of all backgrounds.
4) George Counts advocated for schools to help foster social change and for teachers to serve as leaders in effecting social change.
5) Theodore Brameld believed education had a responsibility to mold society into a cohesive and compassionate one.
The document discusses several education philosophers and their associated philosophies:
1) John Locke was associated with empiricism, believing that knowledge comes from experience and observation of the external world.
2) Herbert Spencer was associated with utilitarianism, developing ideas about how education relates to an individual's survival.
3) John Dewey was associated with experience, believing that school should reflect activities in the real world and respect students of all backgrounds.
4) George Counts advocated for schools to help foster social change and for teachers to serve as leaders in effecting social change.
5) Theodore Brameld believed education had a responsibility to mold society into a cohesive and compassionate one.
1. Explain in a sentence why each education philosopher was associated with
these given words:
a. John Locke – The Empiricist
As indicated by Locke "thoughts are the crucial units of mental substance" and "we obtain thoughts through our experience of the world". Empiricism is a hypothesis (or theory) that "information comes just or principally from tangible experience". Along these lines John Locke is viewed as an empiricist (of the School of English Induction to which George Berkeley and David Hume likewise had a place). We can contend with the empiricist felt that information comes for a fact. For, when we have the experience and a bunch of thoughts, don't we use reason to make conclusions? All things considered, the empiricist may contend that, at last explanation is a bunch of thoughts regarding preparing information yet those thoughts come for a fact. In any case, despite the fact that we get the point about observation, we stay unconvinced in light of the fact that the qualifications appear to be ambiguous. The point at that point, is that there is something customary as opposed to distinct about what experimentation is, the thing that makes a way of thinking or hypothesis of information empiricist, and what specifically makes John Locke and empiricist. b. Spencer – The Utilitarianist
Herbert Spencer was associated as utilitarianist as he developed the
revolutionary ideas regarding on what modern education pertains to the survivability of a particular individual. And with this idea the matter of “survival of the fittest” will apply to the current curriculum in the amidst of pandemic.
c. John Dewey – Experience
Dewey, like the Education Establishment he helped to spawn, was
never pragmatic in the sense that if his theories lead to bad results, he would change those theories. Never happened. These people were pragmatic in a very different way. If their theories lead to bad results and the public perceived this, the Education Establishment would rewrite the jargon and marketing copy, expressing the same bogus ideas in more appealing language. This is what we have seen for example in reading instruction, where the experts started with look-say; as the years went by, it became whole word, sight words, Dolch words, Fry words, whole language, balanced literacy, high-frequency words, and several others. A dozen different ways to say the same thing: no phonics. There is nothing pragmatic anywhere in here except that they knew they were selling a pig and they had better find some pretty new lipstick to put on it.
d. George Counts – Building a New Social Order
The controversial speech was later included in the pamphlet Dare the School Build a New Social Order? (1932), in which he called for schools and teachers to help foster a planned collective economy. He also argued that teachers should serve as leaders, effecting social change. e. Theodore Brameld – The Social Reconstructionist
He believed that education had the responsibility to mold human
beings into a cohesive and compassionate society.
f. Paulo Freire- Critical Pedagogy vs. Banking Method
Instead of tacitly promoting oppressive relationships through the banking method of education, Freire chooses the process of critical pedagogy as his pedagogical model. This is because critical pedagogy utilizes dialogue among human beings who are equals rather than oppressive imposition. 2. Make a table summary of the philosophies of education.
Philosophers Philosophy on Aim/s and Classroom/Education
Method/s of Education Application John Dewey According to John Dewey, the Dewey believed teachers should development of social efficiency is never pressure students to one of the aims of education. To him, conform. Instead of going into a school is a social institution. The classroom with certain school should be organized in such a expectations, accept students of way that the activities of the outer all different cultures, religions world are reflected. and family backgrounds. Within individual school regulations, respect students who wear different or unusual attire. Herbert Spencer In teaching methods, Spencer Intellectual Achievement: To advocated the automatic learning provide students with academic based on students and emphasized knowledge and skills in order to the role of interest in the process of prepare them for post-secondary teaching, In the aspect of moral education or the workforce. This education, Spencer put forward that has been the most agreed upon individual self-preservation is the aim of education. most important moral principle and coined the moral evolution formula. John Locke Locke believed the purpose of John Locke was an influential education was to produce an individual who wrote a specific individual with a sound mind in a essay, Some Thoughts sound body so as to better serve his Concerning Education, which country. Locke thought that the highlighted key principles that content of education ought to depend were necessary in order to shape upon one's station in life. The the future students and to common man only required moral, change the education systems. social, and vocational knowledge. His principles and practices are still being used in almost every school today! Paulo Freire Freire challenges the conventional The term banking model of assumption that there is equal education was first used by opportunity in a democratic society. Paulo Freire in his highly He asserts, often, that education is a influential book Pedagogy of the political process. Schools become Oppressed. Freire describes this tools that are used by parents, form of education as business and the community to "fundamentally narrative (in) impose their values and beliefs. character" with the teacher as the subject (that is, the active participant) and the students as passive objects. George Counts The journal became the voice of the He wanted teachers to go educational theory called social beyond abstract, philosophical reconstructionism, which was based conceptions of democracy and on the theory that society can be teach explicitly about power and reconstructed through education. injustice. He wanted teachers and students to count among their primary goals the building of a better social order. LET’S REFLECT
Double Entry Journal
Two things I learned from this Chapter My thought/s or Reaction/s
“Experience is the best Teacher”
Meaning a teacher’s ability to reflect on what, why
and how they do things, and to adapt and develop their excellence in teaching is the one quality above all that makes them good.
Teacher reflection is important because it’s a
process that helps teachers to collect, record, and analyse everything that happened in the lesson. It allows teachers to move from just experiencing, into understanding. If they don’t question themselves about what their experiences mean and think actively about them, research has shown that they won’t make any changes and therefore improve. When teachers collect information John Dewey Theory regarding activities in their classrooms and take the time to analyse them from a distance, they can identify more than just what worked and what didn’t. They will be able to look at the underlying principles and beliefs that define the way that they work. This kind of self-awareness is a powerful ally for a teacher, especially when so much of what and how they teach can change in the moment.
In 2020 schools were forced to deploy a new
approach to teaching and learning and teachers started delivering online and blended teaching as a result of the Covid-19 pandemic. Besides the technical challenges they were facing, this also put even the most experienced teachers in uncharted waters. Teaching strategies needed to be reconsidered and delivery forms adapted to the new learning environment. Being in new situations like these, schools that practice a reflective teaching culture have an edge. It enables teachers to quickly identify areas of improvement and collaboratively develop the best ways forward. This shifts the focus from simply fulfilling the minimum requirements for teaching to being able to increase its quality and ensure a continued high level of education for pupils. Herbert Spencer Theory Education today continues to be influenced by Spencer's Social Darwinist theories. In fact, his curriculum activities based on human needs are still being implemented in one form or another. His influences are still felt as education continues to discuss voucher systems for private schools, the smaller role of government in education, and in the stressing of teaching skills that will assist students in becoming individuals who contribute to the good of society.
Several of Spencer's works are being utilized in
today's most prestigious universities. His "Principles of Biology" is a text at Oxford University. His "Principles of Psychology" text can be found at Harvard. The "Study of Sociology" is Spencer's work used not only as a textbook at Yale, but was the textbook used for the first course in Sociology in the United States. Sociology became a discipline in the United States because of Spencer's impressive work.