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    Block Diagram Reduction

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    Sirshendu
    Block diagrams are used to model mathematical systems and can be simplified using block diagram algebra. The key components of a block diagram are blocks, summing points, and take-off points. Blocks represent processes and have a single input and output. Summing points combine inputs with algebraic addition. Take-off points allow signals to pass through multiple branches. Blocks can be connected in series, parallel, or with feedback. Standard rules for simplifying block diagrams include combining blocks in series or parallel and shifting summing and take-off points to simplify feedback loops into an equivalent single block transfer function.

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    Block Diagram Reduction

    Uploaded by

    Sirshendu
    194 views11 pages
    Block diagrams are used to model mathematical systems and can be simplified using block diagram algebra. The key components of a block diagram are blocks, summing points, and take-off points. Blocks represent processes and have a single input and output. Summing points combine inputs with algebraic addition. Take-off points allow signals to pass through multiple branches. Blocks can be connected in series, parallel, or with feedback. Standard rules for simplifying block diagrams include combining blocks in series or parallel and shifting summing and take-off points to simplify feedback loops into an equivalent single block transfer function.

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    Block diagrams are used to model mathematical systems and can be simplified using block diagram algebra. The key components of a block diagram are blocks, summing points, and take-off points. Blocks represent processes and have a single input and output. Summing points combine inputs with algebraic addition. Take-off points allow signals to pass through multiple branches. Blocks can be connected in series, parallel, or with feedback. Standard rules for simplifying block diagrams include combining blocks in series or parallel and shifting summing and take-off points to simplify feedback loops into an equivalent single block transfer function.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    194 views11 pages

    Block Diagram Reduction

    Uploaded by

    Sirshendu
    Block diagrams are used to model mathematical systems and can be simplified using block diagram algebra. The key components of a block diagram are blocks, summing points, and take-off points. Blocks represent processes and have a single input and output. Summing points combine inputs with algebraic addition. Take-off points allow signals to pass through multiple branches. Blocks can be connected in series, parallel, or with feedback. Standard rules for simplifying block diagrams include combining blocks in series or parallel and shifting summing and take-off points to simplify feedback loops into an equivalent single block transfer function.

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    Topic: Block diagram algebra or Block diagram reduction technique

    Block Diagram Models


    •Block diagrams are used as schematic representations of mathematical models
    •The various pieces correspond to mathematical entities
    •Can be rearranged to help simplify the equations used to model the system
    •We will focus on one type of schematic diagram – feedback control systems

    Processes are represented by the blocks in block diagrams:

    Process

    Processes must have at least one input variable and at least one output variable
    Reclassify processes without input or output:

    Output
    Input variable
    variable

    22/04/2021 18
    Basic Elements of Block Diagram
    The basic elements of a block diagram are a block, the summing point and the take-off point.

    Block
    The transfer function of a component is represented by a block. Block has single input and single output. The
    following figure shows a block having input X(s), output Y(s) and the transfer function G(s).
    Transfer Function, G(s)=Y(s)/X(s), ⇒Y(s)=G(s)X(s)

    22/04/2021 19
    Summing Point : The summing point is represented with a circle having cross (X) inside it. It has two or more
    inputs and single output. It produces the algebraic sum of the inputs.

    Take-off Point: The take-off point is a point from which the same input signal can be passed through more than
    one branch.

    22/04/2021 20
    Basic Connections for Blocks

    block Take-off or pickoff point


    summer

    Series Connection

    Parallel Connection

    22/04/2021 21
    Feedback Connection

    Y (s)  G (s) E (s)

    E ( s )  R ( s )  H ( s )Y ( s )
    Y ( s )  G ( s )[ R ( s )  H ( s )Y ( s )]  G ( s ) R ( s )  G ( s ) H ( s )Y ( s )
    Y ( s) G( s)
    T ( s)  
    R( s) 1  G ( s) H ( s)

    22/04/2021 22
    Basic Connections for Blocks

    22/04/2021 23
    original equivalent

    A  A B A BC A  AC AC  B


     
       
    B C C B

    C
     A  A B A BC
    A  A BC

     

    B B C

    22/04/2021 24
    original equivalent

    B
    A A AG  B
    A AG AG  B G G
    G 
     
     1
    B G
    B

    A A B ( A  B )G ( A  B )G
    G A
     G 
     
    B B G

    22/04/2021 25
    original equivalent

    A AG AG
    G A
    G
    AG AG
    G

    AG A AG
    A G
    G

    A 1 A
    G

    22/04/2021 26
    22/04/2021 27
    Block Diagram Reduction Rules
    Follow these rules for simplifying (reducing) the block diagram, which is having many blocks,
    summing points and take-off points.

     Rule 1 − Check for the blocks connected in series and simplify.


     Rule 2 − Check for the blocks connected in parallel and simplify.
     Rule 3 − Check for the blocks connected in feedback loop and simplify.
     Rule 4 − If there is difficulty with take-off point while simplifying, shift it towards right.
     Rule 5 − If there is difficulty with summing point while simplifying, shift it towards left.
     Rule 6 − Repeat the above steps till you get the simplified form, i.e., single block.

    Note − The transfer function present in this single block is the transfer function of the overall
    block diagram.

    22/04/2021 28

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