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Anaphy Lec 3-6

Understanding tissue structure and function is important for several reasons: 1) There is a relationship between the structure of each tissue type and its function. 2) Tissue structure is related to organ function. 3) Many diseases are specific to certain tissue and cell types. 4) Changes at the tissue level affect organ function.
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
642 views11 pages

Anaphy Lec 3-6

Understanding tissue structure and function is important for several reasons: 1) There is a relationship between the structure of each tissue type and its function. 2) Tissue structure is related to organ function. 3) Many diseases are specific to certain tissue and cell types. 4) Changes at the tissue level affect organ function.
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Understanding tissue structure and function is important because: 

*
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a. There is a relationship between the structure of each tissue type (how it is organized) and its
function (what it does).
b. There is a relationship between tissue structure and organ function.
c. Many diseases and pathologies are tissue and cell type specific.
d. Changes at the tissue level affect the function of organs.
e. All of these are correct.
f. All are correct except option C.

2. Which of these is NOT one of the four basic tissue types? *


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a. glandular
b. connective
c. muscle
d. epithelium
e. nervous

3. All are true statement about epithelial tissue: (Select all that apply) *
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a. Epithelial tissue is vascular.


b. Epithelial tissue provides physical protection for organs.
c. Epithelial tissue functions in absorption & secretion.
d. Epithelial tissue controls the permeability into and out of an area/organ.
e. Epithelial tissue consists almost entirely of extracellular material between them thereby
forming a barrier against entry into the body.

4. Basement membranes: *
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a. function as a filter and barrier to cell or pathogen movement


b. attach epithelial cells to the underlying tissue
c. are secreted partially by epithelial cells and partially by the cells of the underlying tissue.
d. function as a filter and barrier to cell or pathogen movement, attach epithelial cells to the
underlying tissue and are secreted partially by epithelial cells and partially by the cells of the
underlying tissue are true of basement membranes.
e. None of these is correct.

5. The most correct classification of an epithelial tissue consisting of many layers of


cells, in which the outer layers are flat and thin, and the basal layers are cuboidal or
columnar is: *
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a. simple columnar epithelium.
b. pseudostratified epithelium.
c. stratified squamous epithelium.
d. transitional epithelium.
e. simple squamous epithelium.

6. Epithelial cells: *
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a. cover body surfaces or form glands.


b. usually have a free surface that is not in contact with other cells.
c. have a basement membrane that attaches to underlying tissues.
d. can be somewhat far away from a blood vessel.
e. have all of these properties.

7. Epithelial cells that appear cube like when an organ is relaxed and flattened when
the organ is distended by fluid are classified as: *
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b. pseudostratified epithelium.
c. stratified squamous epithelium.
d. transitional epithelium.
e. simple squamous epithelium

8. Epithelium that consists of a single layer of cells, in which some cells are tall and
thin and reach the free surface and others do not, is classified as: *
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a. simple columnar epithelium


b. pseudostratified columnar epithelium
c. stratified squamous epithelium
d. transitional epithelium
e. simple squamous epithelium

9. Which of the following statements is true? (Select all that apply) *


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a. Transitional epithelium has cells that change shape when the tissue is stretched.
b. Transitional epithelium is found in the lining of the urinary bladder, the ureters and the superior
urethra.
c. Transitional epithelium is pseudostratified.
d. As transitional epithelium is stretched, the number of cell layers increases.
e. Transitional epithelium is found in cavities that can expand greatly in volume.

10. Which of the following characteristics of tissues and cells would aid in diffusion or
the movement of materials into and out of the body through the epithelium? *
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a. multiple layers of relatively flat, thin cells


b. a single layer of relatively flat, thin cells
c. multiple layers of cuboidal cells
d. a single layer of cuboidal cells
e. multiple layers of columnar cells
Skin cells have the ability to regenerate and divide. *
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TRUE
FALSE

2. The water can simply move across the skin. *


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TRUE
FALSE

3. The skin is composed of epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis. *


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TRUE
FALSE

4. The dermis is thicker than epidermis. *


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TRUE
FALSE

5. In the process of keratinization, the cells of epidermis and dermis change shape
and chemical *
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TRUE
FALSE

6. The new cells in the keratinization are produced by mitosis. *


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TRUE
FALSE

7. In keratinization, the cells become filled with the protein keratin, which make them
more stretchable and durable. *
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TRUE
FALSE

8. The new cells produced by mitosis occur in most superficial layers of epidermis. *
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TRUE
FALSE

9. The dead epithelial cells are formed in the outer layer of epidermis to act as a
barrier. *
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TRUE
FALSE

10. Skin is the largest organ of the body. *


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TRUE
FALSE
Which of the following describes the remodeling process of a bone? (Select all that
apply) *
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a. is essential for maintaining blood calcium levels


b. continues throughout the adulthood of the individual (18 years old for female, 21 years old for
male)
c. is accomplished by the actions of the osteoclasts and osteoblasts
d. is controlled by the actions of Parathyroid Hormone, and Calcitonin.

2. The functions of the skeletal system include all of the following except: *
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a. support and protection


b. movement and leverage
c. transport of materials via its fluid matrix
d. blood cell production
e. storage of minerals

3. The skeletal system helps maintain homeostasis by: *


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a. Acting as a calcium buffer and storage site.


b. Acting as a phosphate buffer and storage site.
c. Acting as an energy buffer and storage site.
d. Acting as a blood cell production site.
e. All of these aid in maintaining homeostasis.
f. This only includes A, C, D.

4. The extracellular matrix of bone: *


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a. contains collagen and minerals.


b. has a high proportion of calcium phosphate crystals (hydroxyapatite).
c. is entirely composed of proteoglycans.
d. contains collagen & minerals & a high proportion of calcium phosphate crystals
(hydroxyapatite) are correct.
e. has a high proportion of hydroxyapatite and is entirely composed of proteoglycans are correct.
5. Bones are a type of: *
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a. cartilage.
b. epithelial tissue.
c. muscle tissue.
d. connective tissue.
e. multi-cellular membrane.

6. The extracellular matrix of tendons and ligaments is made up of: *


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a. primarily collagen fibers.


b. collagen and minerals.
c. collagen and proteoglycan
d. osteocytes.
e. chondrocytes.

7. During growth of a long bone, the site of growth in length is the: *


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a. medullary cavity.
b. marrow.
c. epiphyseal plate.
d. endosteum.
e. periosteum.

8. The outer surface of bone is covered by a connective tissue layer called the: *
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a. lamellae.
b. periosteum.
c. endosteum.
d. epiphysis.
e. diaphysis.

9. Which of the following is a characteristic of long bone? (Select all that apply)  *
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a. has a medullary cavity in the diaphysis.


b. has red marrow and yellow marrow in its cavities.
c. has periosteum lining the medullary cavity.
d. has a diaphysis at each end.

10. Pepper is a vegan (a vegetarian that does not eat any animal products including
dairy or eggs). After a series of unexplained bone fractures, her doctor completes
some tests and discovers that her levels of parathyroid hormone are elevated. Which
of the following hypotheses would be the most plausible? *
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a. The lack of meat in her diet is causing anemia and preventing bone growth.
b. The lack of dairy in her diet has severely restricted the amount of calcium she has available.
This deficiency stimulated the release of PTH, which caused more of the calcium stores in her
bones to be mobilized. The deficiency has gone on for so long that she has weakened her bones.
c. The lack of dairy in her diet has severely restricted the amount of calcium she has available.
This deficiency stimulated the release of calcitonin, which caused more of the calcium stores in
her bones to be mobilized. The deficiency has gone on for so long that she has weakened her
bones.
d. Her parathyroid glands are malfunctioning and producing too much calcitonin thereby
stimulating osteoblast activity and weakening her bones.
n adults, which of the following represents a set of fused bones? *
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a. femur
b. temporal bone
c. radius
d. sacral bone
e. tibia

2. As a nursing student, you have learned the effects of aging in the skeletal system.
What are the most effective preventative measures against its effects? *
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a. decreasing physical activity and the amount of stress on the bones


b. increasing physical activity
c. ingesting dietary calcium with a vitamin D supplement.
d. the combination of increasing physical activity and taking dietary calcium with vitamin D
supplements.
e. decreasing your dietary intake of calcium and vitamin D.

3. Joints are classified structurally according to the ____ that binds them, and
functionally according to their _______. *
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a. fluid-filled membrane, strength


b. bone, size
c. connective tissue, degree of motion
d. ligament, location

4. Which of the following does not occur as you age? *


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a. The bone matrix becomes more brittle due to the reduction in the collagen to mineral ratio.
b. The total amount of matrix in bone decreases.
c. Osteoclast activity outstrips osteoblast activity.
d. There is a decreased likelihood of bone fractures.
e. The production of synovial fluid decreases.

5. __________ is a unique movement that occurs at the thumb as it moves toward the
little finger. *
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a. Pronation
b. Eversion
c. Opposition
d. Circumduction
e. Excursion

6. Pepper is moving her knees and suddenly remembers what she has learned from
her class. The movement of the synovial joint in one plane is ________. *
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a. Hinge
b. Ball-and-socket
c. Ellipsoidal
d. Pivot
e. Saddle

7. While walking through a dark house, you hit the outside of your ankle on a bedpost.
More than likely you have hit the __________, which is a component of the __________.  *
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a. calcaneus, tibia
b. calcaneus, fibula
c. lateral malleolus, tibia
d. lateral malleolus, fibula

8. From the list below, pick the ONLY bone that is unpaired. *
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a. sphenoid
b. zygomatic
c. nasal
d. maxilla

9. The ____________ is (are) the opening through which the spinal cord passes. *
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a. articular facets
b. vertebral canal
c. vertebral body
d. spinous process
e. intervertebral foramina

10. The ____________ is (are) the opening through which the spinal cord connects to
the brain. *
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a. mandibular fossa
b. foramen magnum
c. nasolacrimal canal
d. optic foramen
e. orbital fissures

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