TESTE Fiziologie

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Office}{\info {\author Stefan}{\operator Stefan}{\creatim \yr2017 \mo12 \dy10 \hr19
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Capitol: }{\fs20 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 tes.exc.m.g.}{\b1 \fs20 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch
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\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 Punctajul: }{\fs20 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4
\loch \f4 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 10}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Potentialul de repaus reprezinta:}
{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain \li0 \ri0
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 a) }{\fs17 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1033
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 potentialul suprafetei externe a membranei;}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 b) }{\fs17 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [x] }{\fs20 \lang1033
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 diferenta de potential dintre suprafata
interna si cea externa a membranei;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 c) }
{\fs17 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
potentialul suprafetei interne a membranei; }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
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\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 fenomenele electrice pe membrana provocate de excitatie; }{\fs20
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\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 e) }{\fs17 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5 \lang1033
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---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
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\loch \f5 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 2).}{\b1 \fs17 \dbch \af5
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\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 Capitol: }{\fs17 \dbch \af5
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{\b1 \fs17 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
Punctajul: }{\fs17 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch
\f5 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 10}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Valoarea potentialului de repaus a
celulelor tesuturilor excitabile este: }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 a) }
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 +20 -
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\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 c) }{\fs17 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 - 120 - - 150 }{\fs20 \dbch \af6 \hich \af6 \loch \f6 \lang1033
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \uc1 \u61549 ?}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 d) }
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 +50 -
+90 mV;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 e) }{\fs17 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5
\loch \f5 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1033
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 -200 - -300 }{\fs20 \dbch \af6 \hich \af6
\loch \f6 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \uc1 \u61549 ?}{\fs20
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
Punctajul: }{\fs17 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 10}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
cs Potentialul de actiune reprezinta:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
potentialul ce actioneaza asupra membranei;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 b) }{\fs17 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 diferenta de potential dintre suprafetele externa si interna a
membranei;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 c) }{\fs17 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5
\loch \f5 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [x] }{\fs20 \lang1033
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 schimbarea brusca a potentialului de membrana
in rezultatul actiunii excitantului pragal si suprapragal;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 nici un raspuns corect;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 e) }
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 toate
raspunsurile corecte;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\loch \f5 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
cs Originea ionica a fazei de depolarizare a potentialului de actiune este:}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 fluxul intracelular de Cl}{\fs13 \up10
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 -}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 ;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 b) }
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1033
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 fluxul intracelular de K}{\fs13 \up10
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 +}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 [x] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 fluxul
intracelular de Na}{\fs13 \up10 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 +}
{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 ;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 fluxul extracelular de Na}{\fs13 \up10 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 +}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 ;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\loch \f5 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 e) }{\fs17 \dbch \af5
\hich \af5 \loch \f5 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 fluxul extracelular de K}{\fs13
\up10 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 +}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 ;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
cs Potentialul de repaus are durata de:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 10 msec;}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 100 msec;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 1 min;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\loch \f5 \lang1031 \langnp1031 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 d) }{\fs17 \dbch \af5
\hich \af5 \loch \f5 \lang1031 \langnp1031 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [x] }{\fs20
\lang1031 \langnp1031 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 este permanent;}{\fs20 \lang1031
\langfenp1049 2 sec;}{\fs20 \lang1031 \langnp1031 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
cs Durata potentialului de actiune a fibrei nervoase este:}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 a) }{\fs17 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 0,5 - 1 sec;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 100 - 150
msec;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 c) }{\fs17 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 20 - 30 sec;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 500 - 700 msec;}{\fs20 \lang1031 \langnp1031 \langfe1049
\af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5 \lang1031 \langnp1031
\langnp1031 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [x] }{\fs20 \lang1031 \langnp1031 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 0,8 - 1,2 msec;}{\fs20 \lang1031 \langnp1031 \langfe1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
cs Durata cea mai mare a contractiei este caracteristica pentru:}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 muschiul striat;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [x] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 muschiul
neted;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 muschiul cardiac;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 muschiul striat si muschiul neted au aproximativ aceeasi durata de
contractie;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 toate raspunsurile corecte;}{\fs20
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
cs Fluidul continut in tubii transversali din fibra musculara este:}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 lichid extracelular;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 lichid
intracelular;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1031 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 plasma;}{\fs20 \lang1031 \langnp1031
\langfenp1049 limfa;}{\fs20 \lang1031 \langnp1031 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1031 \langnp1031 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 singe;}{\fs20 \lang1031 \langnp1031
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\hich \af5 \loch \f5 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
tes.exc.m.g.}{\b1 \fs17 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 Punctajul: }{\fs17 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 10}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Cea mai mare viteza de contractie este proprie:}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 muschiului striat;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
muschiului neted;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\loch \f5 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 c) }{\fs17 \dbch \af5
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 muschiului cardiac;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 muschiul striat, cit si muschiul neted, au aceiasi viteza de
contractie;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\loch \f5 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 10).}{\b1 \fs17 \dbch
\loch \f5 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 Capitol: }{\fs17 \dbch
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Oboseala musculara este mai evidentiata in:}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 muschiul cardiac;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
scheletic;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 muschiul neted din viscere;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 muschiul neted vascular; }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 toti
muschii obosesc la fel;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par
}\pard \plain \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \nowidctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Ionii de Ca}{\fs13 \up10 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 2+}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
sunt stocati in fibra musculara striata in:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 sarcoplasma;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
sarcolema;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain \li0 \ri0 \lisb0
\langfenp1049 reticul sarcoplasmatic;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
mitocondrii;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 nici un raspuns corect;}{\fs17 \dbch \af5
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs In conditii reale tonusul muscular este conditionat
de:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cantitatea de ATP din fibra musculara;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 frecventa de stimulare a unei singure unitati motorii;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 numarul de miofibrile;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [x] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 numarul
de unitati motorii in actiune si frecventa impulsurilor spontane in ele;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 ionii de calciu;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Fibrele musculare scheletice sint inervate de:}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 ganglionul simpatic;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 neuronii din coarnele anterioare medulare;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 ganglionul parasimpatic;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 corpul
geniculat;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1031 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 nici un raspuns corect;}{\fs20 \lang1031
\nowidctlpar \lin0
\rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 {\b1 \fs17
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 10}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7
\loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Interac\uc1 \u355 ?
iunea dintre proteinele contractile (actina, miozina) este determinata de cresterea
concentra\uc1 \u355 ?iei sarcopl}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 asmice a:}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par
\loch \f5 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 a) }{\fs17 \dbch \af5
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 calciului;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 clorului;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par
\lang1031 \langnp1031 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 sodiului;}{\fs20 \lang1031
\langfenp1049 potasiului;}{\fs20 \lang1031 \langnp1031 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1031 \langnp1031 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 magneziului;}{\fs20 \lang1031
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs In cursul contractiei izometrice:}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 lungimea muschiului se m\uc1
\u259 ?reste, concomitent cu cresterea tensiunii;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7
\loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 muschiul isi modifica tensiunea, lungimea
raminind constanta;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1031 \langnp1031 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 muschiul se alungeste si tensiunea
scade;}{\fs20 \lang1031 \langnp1031 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 d) }{\fs17 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 muschiul se scurteaza limitat, iar tensiunea
creste progresiv;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1031 \langnp1031 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 nici un raspuns corect;}{\fs20
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs In cursul contractiei izometrice:}{\fs20 \lang1033
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 lungimea muschiului se m\uc1
\u259 ?reste, concomitent cu cresterea tensiunii;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 muschiul isi modifica tensiunea, lungimea
raminind constanta;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1031 \langnp1031 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 muschiul se alungeste si tensiunea
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 muschiul se scurteaza limitat, iar tensiunea
creste progresiv;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs .In ce perioada a modificarii excitabilitatii sau in
ce faza a potentialului de actiune, excitabilitatea fibrei musculare creste:}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 refractara absoluta;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
refractara relativa;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 postpotentialului negativ;}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 postpotentialului pozitiv;}{\fs20
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs In ce perioada a modificarii excitabilitatii sau in ce
faza a potentialului de actiune, excitabilitatea fibrei musculare este scazuta,
insa fibra nu este inexcitabila:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
refractara absoluta;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 {\b1 \fs17
\dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 b)
}{\fs17 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [x] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 postpotentialului negativ;}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 depolarizarii;}{\fs20 \lang1033
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Contractia musculara izotonica se caracterizeaza
prin:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 modificarea tensiunii si lungimii
muschiului;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 b) }{\fs17 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 scurtarea muschiului cu tensiune variabila;}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 scurtarea muschiului cu tensiune constanta;}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 modificarea tensiunii muschiului cu lungime
constanta;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs In cursul perioadei de
latenta a contractiei muschiului au loc urm\uc1 \u259 ?toarele procese, in afara de
unul care este fals:}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048
\langfenp1049 potentialul de actiune se propaga pe suprafata externa a fibrei
musculare si patrunde in tubii "T";}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [x] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 influxul
de K}{\fs13 \up10 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 +}{\fs20
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 in celula;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 eliberarea ionilor de calciu;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 hidroliza
unei molecule de ATP;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 eliberarea caldurii de activare;}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Care este succesiunea corecta a fazelor contractiei
musculare unice:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 a) }{\fs17 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 perioada latenta, relaxare, contractie;}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 perioada latenta, contractie, relaxare;}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 relaxare, contractie, perioada latenta;}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 contractie, relaxare, perioada latenta;}
\langnp1031 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 e) }{\fs17 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs .Prag de excitatie se numeste:}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 valoarea maxima a excitantului ce poate provoca excitatia in forma de
potential de actiune; }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\loch \f5 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 b) }{\fs17 \dbch \af5
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 valoarea medie a excitantului ce
poate provoca excitatia in forma de potential de actiune;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 valoarea minima a excitantului ce poate provoca excitatia in forma de
potential de actiune;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 valoarea excitantului ce provoaca
raspuns local;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\par }\pard \plain \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \nowidctlpar \lin0
23).}{\b1 \fs17 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 Capitol: }{\fs17 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 tes.exc.m.g.}{\b1 \fs17 \dbch
\loch \f5 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 Punctajul: }{\fs17
\dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 10}
{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Care din aceste afirmatii
este corecta:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 excitabilitatea fibrelor nervoase si
musculare este egala;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 excitabilitatea fibrei nervoase
este mai mare decit a fibrei musculare;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
excitabilitatea fibrei musculare este mai mare decit a fibrei nervoase;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 excitabilitatea nu poate fi comparata;}{\fs20 \lang1033
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Care din urmatoarele afirmatii este corecta:}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 pragul de excitatie a fibrelor nervoase si musculare este egal;}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 pragul de excitatie a fibrelor musculare este
mai mic decit a fibrelor nervoase;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [x] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 pragul de
excitatie a fibrelor nervoase este mai mic decit a fibrelor musculare;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 pragul de excitatie a fibrelor nervoase este mai mare decit a
fibrelor musculare;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Nivelul critic de depolarizare depinde de:}{\fs20
\lisa0 \nowidctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24
\lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 {\b1 \fs17 \dbch \af5 \hich
\af5 \loch \f5 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 a) }{\fs17 \dbch
\af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] }
{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 distanta dintre electrozii
de excitatie;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 natura excitantului;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 durata actiunii excitantului;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 proprietatile biofizice ale membranei;}{\fs20 \lang1033
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Nivelul critic de depolarizare este:}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 nivelul de depolarizare, atingerea caruia provoaca un raspuns local;}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 nivelul de depolarizare, atingerea caruia
provoaca potentialul de actiune;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 nivelul
de depolarizare, atingerea caruia provoaca si raspuns local si potentialul de
actiune;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 d) }{\fs17 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5
\langfenp1049 E.nici un raspuns corect;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs In fibrele nervoase mielinice excitatia se propaga:}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 excitind consecutiv toate portiunile
membranei:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 prin salturi;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 folosind ambele mecanisme (A si B);}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\nowidctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \lang1049
\langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 {\b1 \fs17 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch
\f5 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 d) }{\fs17 \dbch \af5 \hich
\af5 \loch \f5 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 nici un raspuns corect:}{\fs20
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs In fibrele nervoase amielinice excitatia se propaga:}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 excitand consecutiv toate portiunile
membranei:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 prin salturi ;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 folosind ambele mecanisme (A si B);}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs In cadrul preparatului neuromuscular structura cu cea
maiu mare labilitate este:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [x] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 nervul;}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 muschiul;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 sinapsa neuro-musculara;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 nervul si
muschiul;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain
\langnp1031 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 nervul si sinapsa neuromusculara;}{\fs20
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\par }\pard \plain \li0 \ri0 \lisb0
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 30).}{\b1 \fs17 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5 \lang1033
{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs .In cadrul preparatului
neuromuscular structura cu cea mai mica labilitate este:}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 nervul;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 muschiul;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 sinapsa neuro-musculara;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
muschiul; }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
sinapsa neuro-musculara;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Care element al sinapsei neuromusculare elimina
mediator:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 membrana presinaptica;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 membrana postsinaptica;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 spatiul
sinaptic;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 membrana axonului;}{\fs20 \lang1033
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Care element al sinapsei neuromusculare elimina
mediator:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [x] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 membrana presinaptica;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 membrana postsinaptica;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 spatiul
sinaptic;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 membrana axonului;}{\fs20 \lang1033
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Rolul colinesterazei in functionarea sinapsei este:}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 accelereaza eliminarea acetilcolinei din
membrana presinaptica;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 scindeaza acetilcolina legata cu
colinoreceptori;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 mareste concentratia de acetilcolina in
spatiul sinaptic;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 impedica asocierea acetilcolinei cu
colinoreceptorii;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 toate raspunsurile corecte;}
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Care este mecanismul de actiune al miorelaxantilor
naturali (curare) si sintetici (d-tubocurarina, diplacina):}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 blocheaza eliminarea acetilcolinei din membrana presinaptica;}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 scindeaza acetilcolina;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 blocheaza colinoreceptorii de pe membrana postsinaptica;}{\fs20
[ ] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 impiedica sinteza
acetilcolinei in butonul sinaptic;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 blocheaza
miscarea moleculelor de acetilcolina in spatiul sinaptic;}{\fs20 \lang1033
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Integritatea pur functionala a nervului este
dereglata prin:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 legaturarea nervului;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 intinderea excesiva a nervului;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 sectionarea nervului;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [x] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 actiunea
cu novocaina;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm In cazul atrofiei musculare:}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 diametrul fibrelor musculare se mareste;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 scade continutul de proteine contractile;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 scade continutul de ATP;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [x] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 scade
continutul de glicogen;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 se micsoreaza permeabilitatea
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\loch
\f5 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 37).}{\b1 \fs17 \dbch \af5
cs Viteza de propagare a excitatiei prin fibrele A alfa este de (m/sec):}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 40-70;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 70-120;}{\fs20 \lang1033
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs In categoria fibrelor nervoase de tip B intra:}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 fibrele aferente de la receptorii atingerii;}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 fibrele aferente de la receptorii musculari;}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 fibrele eferente spre fusurile musculare;}
\langnp1031 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 fibre preganglionare vegetative;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 fibrele postganglionare vegetative;}{\fs20 \lang1031 \langnp1031
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Toate afirmatiile referitoare la proprietatile
sinaptice sunt corecte cu exceptia:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 prin
sinapsa excitatia se transmite unilateral;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 \par
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 a transmiterea excitatiei are loc
fenomenul de retentie sinaptica;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
amplitudinea potentialului postsinaptic depinde de cantitatea de mediator care
actioneaza asupra receptorilor postsinaptici;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 la eliberarea mediatorului din terminatiunea presinaptica participa
ionii de Ca}{\fs13 \up10 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 2+}
\langfenp1049 potentialul postsinaptic se supune legii "Totul sau nimic";}{\fs20
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs .In sinapsele neuro-musculare acetilcolina este
scindata de urmatoarea enzima:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
monoaminoxidaza;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 colinesteraza;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 cateholmetiltransferaza;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 toate;}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 nici una;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs La administrarea miorelaxantilor moartea survine
prin:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 paraliziea muschilor respiratori si asfixie;}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 tetanos muscular;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 stop cardiac;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1033
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 edem cerebral;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 stress;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Mediatorul de transmisie prin sinspsa neuro-musculara
este:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 adrenalina;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 noradrenalina;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 acetilcolina;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 serotonina;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 dopamina;}{\fs20 \lang1033
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Membrana postsinaptica contine urmatoarele tipuri de
canale ionice :}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 voltaj dependente pentru Na}
{\fs13 \up10 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 +}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 voltaj
dependente pentru K}{\fs13 \up10 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 +}
\langfenp1049 voltaj dependente pentru Ca}{\fs13 \up10 \lang1033 \langnp1033
;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain \li0
\ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \nowidctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \lang1049 \langnp1049
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 chemodependente;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 nu exista canale ionice:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\par }\pard
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 44).}{\b1 \fs17 \dbch \af5 \hich
\af5 \loch \f5 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
cs Viteza transmiterii excitatiei prin fibrele C este (m/sec):}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 0,5-2;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs In categoria fibrelor de tip C intra:}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 fibrele aferente de la proprioreceptorii musculari;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 fibrele aferente de la receptorii de presiune;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 fibrele aferente de la receptorii pentru cald;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 fibrele postganglionare vegetative; }{\fs20 \lang1031 \langnp1031
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Rata defuziunii este determinata de:}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 cantitatea
de substanta existenta;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 viteza miscarii cinetice;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 numarul porilor membranei;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 gradientul de concentratie;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 toate raspunsurile corecte;}{\fs17 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Pentru care substante membrana este cea mai
permeabila:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 glucoza;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 apa;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 Cl}{\fs13 \up10 \lang1033
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 -}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 K}{\fs13 \up10 \lang1033
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 +}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 Na}{\fs13 \up10 \lang1033
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Originea ionica a fazei de repolarizare a
potentialului de actiune este:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 fluxul
intracelulare de Na}{\fs13 \up10 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 +}
\langfenp1049 fluxul extracelular de Na}{\fs13 \up10 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 fluxul extracelular de K}{\fs13
\up10 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 +}{\fs20
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 ;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 fluxul intracelular de K}{\fs13 \up10 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 fluxul extracelular de Cl}{\fs13
\up10 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 -}{\fs20 \lang1033
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Pentru aparitia potentialului de repaus rolul
primordial il joaca:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 ionii de K}{\fs13 \up10
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1031 \langnp1031 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 ionii de
Na}{\fs13 \up10 \lang1031 \langnp1031 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 +}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 ionii de Cl}{\fs13 \up10 \lang1031 \langnp1031 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 -}{\fs20 \lang1031 \langnp1031 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 ;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 anionii;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 ionii de Ca}{\fs13 \up10
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 2+}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Raspunsul local apare la :}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 excitatie supraliminala;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [x] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 excitatie
subliminala;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 excitatie liminala;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 excitatie de 2 ori mai mare ca cea liminala;}{\fs20 \lang1033
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Excitabilitatea tesutului va fi mai mare daca pragul
de excitatie va fi egal cu:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 5V;}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 7V;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 2V;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 4V;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 9V;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Cum se determina nivelul excitabilitatii muschiului
la om:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 prin determinarea pragului de excitare;}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 prin masurarea valorii potentialului de
repaus;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 prin masurarea valorii potentialului de
actiune;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \nowidctlpar
\lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 {\b1
\langfenp1049 Punctajul: }{\fs17 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5 \lang1033
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 10}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs .Hiperpolarizarea apare ca urmare a :}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 fluxul continuu a ionilor de Na}{\fs13 \up10 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 +}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
in celula;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 fluxul de Na}{\fs13 \up10 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 din celula;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 fluxul
ionilor de Ca}{\fs13 \up10 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 2+}
{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 din celula;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 fluxul continuu a ionilor de K}{\fs13 \up10 \lang1033 \langnp1033
din celula in spatiul extracelular;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1031 \langnp1031 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 nici un
raspuns corect;}{\fs20 \lang1031 \langnp1031 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs In timpul oboselii in muschi:}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 se micsoreaza cantitatea de acid fosforic legat cu calciu;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 se micsoreaza cantitatea de acid lactic;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 se mareste cantitatea de acid lactic;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 se maresc rezervele de glicogen;}{\fs20 \lang1031 \langnp1031
\langfenp1049 se mareste cantitatea de acid fosforic legat cu calciu;}{\fs20
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Intensitatea minima a
unui curent electric care aplicat pe nerv determina un r\uc1 \u259 ?spuns din
partea acestuia sau a mu\uc1 \u351 ?chiului pe care il deserveste se nume\uc1 \u351
?te:}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [x] }{\fs20
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 reobaza;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 timp util;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cronaxie;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 intensitate subliminal\uc1
\u259 ?;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langfenp1049 intensitate supraliminala.}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Stimulul supraliminar declanseaza un impuls nervos
care, fata de impulsul determinat de stimulul prag, este:}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 dublu;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 egal;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 mai mare;}{\fs20 \lang1031 \langnp1031 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par
\lang1031 \langnp1031 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 mai mic;}{\fs20 \lang1031
\nowidctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \tql \tx0 \itap0 \fs24 \lang1049 \langnp1049
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 jumatate.}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Care din reactiile de mai jos pot sa aiba loc sub
actiunea preparatelor de tipul curare :}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 apare
potentialul postsinaptic de excitatie si apoi potentialul de actiune;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 potentialul postsinaptic excitator este , potentialul de actiune nu
apare ;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 potentialul de actiune apare fara potentialul
postsinaptic excitator;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par
\lang1033
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 toate raspunsurile corecte ;}{\fs20
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Cum este diferenta dintre excitabilitatea unui muschi
si nervul care il inerveaza daca potentialul de membrana a muschiului s-a
micsorat:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 diferenta foarte marita;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 diferenta moderat marita ;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 diferenta micsorata;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 diferenta
neschimbata;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Care este influenta miorelaxantilor in sinapsa neuro-
musculara:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 blochiaza eliminarea acetilcolinei din
terminatiunea presinaptica;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 distruge
acetilcolina in fanta sinaptica;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 distruge
colinesteraza;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 blochiaza colinoreceptorii
membranei postsinaptice;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 activeaza colinesteraza; }{\fs20
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfenp1049 60).}{\b1 \fs17 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5 \lang1033 \langnp1033
{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Dimensiunile caror zone a
sarcomerului nu se schimba in urma contractiei musculare:}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 zona I;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 zona H;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 zona A;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 E.nici un raspuns corect;}{\fs20 \lang1033
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Care din ionii enumerati determina cuplarea excitatie-
contractie:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1031 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 ionii de Mg}{\fs13 \up10 \lang1031
\langnp1031 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 2+}{\fs20 \lang1031 \langnp1031
Na}{\fs13 \up10 \lang1031 \langnp1031 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 +}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 ionii de Cl}{\fs13 \up10 \lang1031 \langnp1031 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 -}{\fs20 \lang1031 \langnp1031 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 ;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 ionii de Ca}{\fs13 \up10 \lang1031 \langnp1031 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 2+}{\fs20 \lang1031 \langnp1031 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 ;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 .ionii de H}{\fs13 \up10 \lang1031 \langnp1031 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 +}{\fs20 \lang1031 \langnp1031 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 ;}{\fs20
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Care din subunitatile moleculei proteice
aratate mai jos are afinitate fata de tropomiozina:}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 troponina T;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 troponina
I;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 troponina C;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Care din subunitatile moleculei proteice aratate mai
jos are afinitate fata de Ca}{\fs13 \up10 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 2+}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 :}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 [x] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 troponina
C;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 troponina I;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm La baza hipertrofiei musculare sta:}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 marirea numarului filamentelor de actina si miozina ;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 cresterea numarului de miofibrile;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 cresterea sistemelor enzimatice pentru furnizarea energiei;}{\fs20
\lang1033
\langfenp1049 marirea permeabilitatii membranei;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Cea mai mica labilitate este la :}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 fibrele nervoase senzitive;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 fibrele nervoase motorii;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 fibrele
musculare netede;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 fibrele musculare rapide;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 aparatul sinaptic;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs .Supraracirea nervului duce la:}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 micsorarea pragului de excitatie;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 micsorarea labilitatii;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 marirea
excitabilitatii;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 marirea labilitatii ;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 marirea pragului de excitatie;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\af5 \hich \af5 \loch
\f5 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain \li0
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 67).}{\b1 \fs17 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 Capitol: }{\fs17 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5
\loch \f5 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 tes.exc.m.g.}{\b1
cm In ce fibre nervoase la excitatie se va elibera mai multa caldura:}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 mielinice;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 amielinice;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 simpatice preganglionare;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [x] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 simpatice
postganglionare;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 motore;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Relaxarea muschiului neted poate fi provocata de:}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 adenozina;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 acidul lactic;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 ionii de potasiu;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 scaderea concentratiei ionilor de Ca++;}{\fs20 \lang1033
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Care din subunitatile moleculei proteice aratate mai
jos are afinitate puternica fata de actina :}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langnp1033
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [x] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 troponina
I;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain
\langnp1031 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 troponina C;}{\fs20 \lang1031 \langnp1031
\langfenp1049 tropomiozina;}{\fs20 \lang1031 \langnp1031 \langfe1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Capul miozinic are urmatoarea proprietate:}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 se uneste cu troponina C;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1031 \langnp1031 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 se uneste
cu troponina T;}{\fs20 \lang1031 \langnp1031 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 functie ATF -azica;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 se uneste cu troponina I;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Proteina calsechestrina care se afla in reticulul
sarcoplasmatic al muschiului:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
micsoreaza cantitatea de stocaj de Ca in reticul ;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 mareste permeabilitatea pentru ionii de Cl}{\fs13 \up10 \lang1033
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 micsoreaza permeabilitatea pentru
ionii de K}{\fs13 \up10 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 +}{\fs20
d) }{\fs17 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 mareste
permeabilitatea pentru ionii de K}{\fs13 \up10 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 mareste cantitatea de Ca stocat in reticul;}{\fs20 \lang1033
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Toate afirmatiile referitoare la muschiul neted
multiunitar sunt corecte cu exceptia:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
sunt separate;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 fiecare fibra este inervata de o
singura fibra nervoasa;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 este controlata mai ales de stimuli
nervoasi;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 fiecare fibra functioneaza separat;
}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain \li0
\langnp1031 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 sunt muschi viscerali;}{\fs20 \lang1031
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Toate afirmatile referitoare la muschiul neted
monounitar sunt corecte cu exceptia:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
sunt unite intre ele prin jonctiuni strinse (de tip "gap");}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 excitatia este transmisa de la o fibra la alta;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 toate fibrele se contracta impreuna;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 se pot excita prin intindere;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 sunt muschii ciliari, ai irisului si muschii piloerectori;}{\fs20
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\par }\pard \plain \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \nowidctlpar \lin0 \rin0
\itap0 \fs24 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 {\fs17 \dbch \af5
\hich \af5 \loch \f5 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 }{\b1
\af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 74).}{\b1
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Cele mai importante proteine cu rol in
contractia musculara sint:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [x] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 miozina;}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 mioglobina;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 actina;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 creatina;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 tropomiozina;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Cum isi poate grada muschiul scheletic forta de
contractie in organism:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 prin modificarea amplitudinii
potentialelor de actiune;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 prin modificarea numarului de
unitati motorii active;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 prin modificarea frecventei
impulsurilor motorii;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 prin contractura gradata;}{\fs20
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Ce roluri indeplineste calciul in contractia
musculara:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\plain \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0
\langfenp1049 cuplarea excitatiei cu contractia;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 impiedica contractia;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [x] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 mentine
contractia;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 elibereaza energia necesara;}{\fs20 \lang1033
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Ce sarcina poseda celula excitabila in stare de repaos
in interiorul ei si pe suprafata:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 interior
+;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 pe suprafata -;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 interior -;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 pe suprafata +;}{\fs20 \lang1033
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Proprietatile potentialului de actiune sint:}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 corespunde legii "totul sau nimic";}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 corespunde legii fortei (depinde de valoarea excitantului
supraliminal);}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 se propaga de-a lungul tesutului
(fibrei) fara decrement;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 se sumeaza;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 se propaga cu decrement;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Proprietatile raspunsului local sint:}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 corespunde legii "totul sau nimic";}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 orespunde legii fortei (depinde de valoarea excitantului
subliminal);}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1031 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 nu se propaga;}{\fs20 \lang1031
\langfenp1049 se sumeaza;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Propagarea excitatiei prin nerv se supune urmatoarelor
legitati:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 conducere unilaterala;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 conducere bilaterala;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [x] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 conducere
izolata;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 retentia (incetinirea) propagarii;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 legea continuitatii fiziologice;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\lang1049 \langnp1049
cm Propagarea excitatiei prin sinapsa neuro-musculara se supune urmatoarelor
legitati:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 propagarea unilaterala;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 propagarea bilaterala;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [x] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 retentia
(incetinirea) propagarii;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 sumarea excitatiilor;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 accelerarea propagarii;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Teaca mielinica are urmatoarele functii:}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 de propagare a impulsului nervos;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 functia de izolator electric;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 functia trofica;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 participa
la cresterea fibrei nervoase;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 asigura
transportul unor substante active;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Alegeti afirmatia corecta:}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 prin fibrele mielinice transmiterea
excitatiei este saltatorie;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
fibrele mielinice transmiterea excitatiei este continuu;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 prin fibrele amielinice transmiterea excitatiei este saltatorie;}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 viteza de transmitere a excitatiei in fibrele
amielinice e mai mare ca in mielinice;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [x] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 viteza
de transmitere a excitatiei e mai mare in fibrele mielinice comparativ cu cele
amielinice:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Muschiul neted:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 contine troponina;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [x] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 contine
calmodulina;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 formeaza ansamblu calciu-troponina;}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 formeaza ansamblu calmodulina-calciu;
\langnp1031 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 contine miozin-kinaza;}{\fs20 \lang1031
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Pentru membrana celulara este propriu:}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 bistratul lipidic;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 canale
proteice;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain
\langnp1031 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 proteine carier;}{\fs20 \lang1031 \langnp1031
\langfenp1049 proteine receptori;}{\fs20
\lang1031 \langnp1031 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain \li0 \ri0
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Difuziunea simpla se efectuiaza prin:}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 proteinele caraus;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 canale
hidrofobe;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 canale hidrofile;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 stratul bilipidic;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Potentialul de repaus este determinat de:}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 diferenta de concentratii a ionilor pe ambele parti a membranei;}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 actiunea excitantului;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 permeabilitatea selectiva a membranei pentru diferiti ioni;}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 potentialul ce actioneaza asupra membranei;}
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Cum sa ne convingem ca la excitarea nervului a aparut
excitatia:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 prin determinarea pragului de excitatie;}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 prin determinarea raspunsului local;}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 prin aparitia contractiei in muschi;}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 prin determinarea in nerv a potentialului de
actiune.;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Daca actionam asupra membranei cu o toxina care
blocheaza canalele de Na apare:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
micsorarea potentialului de repaus;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [x] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 marirea
potentialului de repaus;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 potentialul de actiune;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 raspunsul local;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm De ce hiperpolarizarea duce la micsorarea
excitabilitatii:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 se mareste valoarea potentialului de repaus;}
\lisb0 \lisa0 \nowidctlpar
\langfenp1049 b) }{\fs17 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 se micsoreaza potentialul de repaus;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 se mareste pragul de excitatie si potentialul pragal;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 se micsoreaza valoarea pragului de excitatie;}{\fs20 \lang1033
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Daca la excitarea nervului, activatia canalelor de Na
si K va avea loc simultan si nu consecutiv, aceasta ar fi dus la :}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 marirea potentialului de actiune;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 micsorarea potentialului de actiune;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 nu ar aparea depolarizarea;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 nu ar aparea potentialul de actiune;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Daca actionam cu un factor, care mareste pragul de
excitatie aceasta inseamna ca:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 s-a
micsorat potentialul de repaus;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 a aparut
depolarizarea;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 a aparut hiperpolarizarea;}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 s-a micsorat excitabilitatea;}{\fs20
\lisa0 \nowidctlpar
\langfenp1049 e) }{\fs17 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5 \lang1031 \langnp1031
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Lipsa oxigenului intr-un teritoriu tisular are o
actiune asupra muschiului neted vascular de:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 vasoconstrictie;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [x] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 relaxare
a muschiului neted vascular;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 vasodilatare;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 contractie a muschiului neted vascular;}{\fs20 \lang1033
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Daca la o excitare cu curent continuu in celula
introducem catodul si in afara - anodul vor avea loc urmatoarele schimbari:}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 potentialul pragal se va micsora;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 potentialul pragal se va mari ;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 nu va aparea excitatia;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 va apare
excitatia;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 nu va aparea depolarizarea;}{\fs20 \lang1033
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\par }\pard \plain \li0
cm Care din componentele muschiului se scurteaza in urma contractiei:}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 fibrele musculare;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
miofibrilele;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 protofibrilele;}{\fs20 \lang1033
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Proprietatile caracteristice potentialului de actiune:
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 apare la actiunea excitantului suprapragal;}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 apare la actiunea excitantului subpragal;}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 apare la actiunea excitantului pragal ;}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 se supune legii "tot sau nimic";}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 se sumeaza;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Proteinele periferice:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 pot str\uc1 \u259 ?bate
membrana, dac\uc1 \u259 ? se ata\uc1 \u351 ?eaz\uc1 \u259 ? de cele integrale;}
\rin0 \itap0
\fs24 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 {\b1 \fs17 \dbch \af5
\hich \af5 \loch \f5 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 b) }{\fs17
\dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ]
\langfenp1049 sunt ata\uc1 \u351 ?ate numai de fa\uc1 \u355 ?a extern\uc1 \u259 ? a
membranei;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [x] }{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 predomin\uc1 \u259 ? pe fa\uc1 \u355 ?a intern\uc1
\u259 ? a membranei;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048
\langfenp1049 su}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 nt ata\uc1 \u351 ?ate de proteinele integrale, f\uc1
\u259 ?r\uc1 \u259 ? a str\uc1 \u259 ?bate membrana;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 pot avea rol de enzime;}{\fs20 \lang1033
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm .Glicocalixul este:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 stratul glicoproteic \uc1 \u351
?i glicolipidic, dispus pe suprafa\uc1 \u355 ?a intern\uc1 \u259 ? a stratului
bilipidic;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [x] }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 stratul
glic}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 oproteic \uc1 \u351 ?i glicolipidic, dispus la e}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 xteriorul membranei;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [x] }{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \uc1 \u238 ?nveli\uc1 \u351 ?ul
glucidic lax de la suprafa\uc1 \u355 ?a membranei celulare; }{\fs20 \dbch \af7
\loch \f5 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \dbch \af7
\hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 atmosfera
pericelular\uc1 \u259 ? interpus\uc1 \u259 ? \uc1 \u238 ?ntre celule, care le
confer\uc1 \u259 ? electropozivitate}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 implicat \uc1 \u238 ?n
solidarizarea a dou\uc1 \u259 ? celule, \uc1 \u238 ?n imunitate \uc1 \u351 ?i
\uc1 \u238 ?n fixarea ligan\uc1 \u355 ?ilor }{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm C}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 are din urm\uc1 \u259 ?toarele forme de
transport prin membrana celular\uc1 \u259 ? au loc \uc1 \u238 ?n gradient
electrochimic?}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 difuzarea simpl\uc1 \u259 ?;}
\rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [x] }{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 difuzarea facilitat\uc1 \u259 ?;}{\fs20 \dbch
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 transportul activ primar;}{\fs20
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 contransportul \uc1 \u351 ?i
contratransportul}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langfenp1049 nici un r\uc1 \u1086 ?spuns corect;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Difuziunea facilit}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7
\loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 at\uc1 \u259 ? se
deosebe\uc1 \u351 ?te de difuziunea simpl\uc1 \u259 ? prin:}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich
\loch \f5 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [x] }{\fs20 \dbch \af7
\hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 viteza
crescut\uc1 \u259 ?;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 absen\uc1 \u355 ?a gradientului
electrochimic;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langfenp1049 participarea transportului specific;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 rata difuziunii care cre\uc1
\u351 ?te pe m\uc1 \u259 ?sura cre\uc1 \u351 ?terii concentra\uc1 \u355 ?iei
substan\uc1 \u355 ?ei;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 viteza de difuziune
propor\uc1 \u355 ?ional\uc1 \u259 ? }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 cu grosimea membranei;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Osmoza este:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 deplasarea solventului printr-o memb}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7
\loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 ran\uc1 \u259 ?
semipermiabil\uc1 \u259 ? din compartimentul unde presiunea hidrostatic\uc1 \u259 ?
\uc1 \u351 ?i coloidosmotic\uc1 \u259 ? sunt mai mari, spre compartimentul unde
acestea sunt mai sc\uc1 \u259 ?zute;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7
\langfenp1049 deplasarea solventului p}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 rintr-o membran\uc1 \u259 ?
semipermiabil\uc1 \u259 ? din compartimentul unde concentra\uc1
\u355 ?ia solu\uc1 \u355 ?iei este mai mare, spre cel \uc1 \u238 ?n care
concentra\uc1 \u355 ?ia este mai mic\uc1 \u259 ?;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich
\af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 deplsarea solvitului
\uc1 \u238 ?n gradient de concentra\uc1 \u355 ?ie;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 deplasarea solvitului \uc1 \u1086 ?n gradient
electrochimic;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 deplasarea s}{\fs20 \dbch \af7
\hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 olventului
printr-o membran\uc1 \u259 ? semipermeabil\uc1 \u259 ?, din compartimentul unde
concentra\uc1 \u355 ?ia este mai mic\uc1 \u259 ?, spre cel \uc1 \u238 ?n care
concentra\uc1 \u355 ?ia solu\uc1 \u355 ?iei este mai mare;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Difuziunea net\uc1
\u259 ? a apei prin membranele cu permeabilitate selectiv\uc1 \u259 ? se face
prin:}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
filtrare;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 ultrafiltrare;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 solvent drag;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 osmoz\uc1 \u259 ?;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 difuziune neionic\uc1 \u259 ?;}
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Rata d}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 e difuzine a unei particule prin
membrana celular\uc1 \u259 ? cre\uc1 \u351 ?te dac\uc1 \u259 ?:}{\fs20 \dbch
suprafa\uc1 \u355 ?a membranei scade;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 grosimea membranei cre\uc1
\u351 ?te;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 dimensiunile particulei cresc;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 gradientul de concentra\uc1
\u355 ?ie a }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 particulei
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 liposolubilitatea particu}{\fs20 \dbch
\af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 lei
cre\uc1 \u351 ?te;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Fixarea
simultan\uc1 \u259 ? a dou\uc1 \u259 ? tipuri diferite de substante, care
urmeaz\uc1 \u259 ? a fi transportate \uc1 \u238 ?n acela\uc1 \u351 ?i sens, pe un
transportor, este condi\uc1 \u355 ?ia de baz\uc1 \u259 ? pentru:}{\fs20 \dbch
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 transportul activ primar;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 transportul activ secundar;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 cotransportul electrogen;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
sistemele de transport activ;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
E.schimbul mediat de transport;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Ce procese stau la baza transportului activ secundar?}
\af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 consumul de energie
metabolic\uc1 \u259 ? utilizat\uc1 \u259 ? direct;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 specificitatea pompelor;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 fixarea simultan\uc1 \u259 ? a
dou\uc1 \u259 ? tipuri diferite}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 de substante pe un transportor comun;}{\fs20 \lang1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 utilizarea energiei unui
gradient ionic de concentra\uc1 \u355 ?ie;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch
\lisb0 \lisa0 \nowidctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \lang1049
\f5 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 e) }{\fs17 \dbch \af5 \hich
\af5 \loch \f5 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [x] }{\fs20 \dbch
\af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 energia
rezult\uc1 \u259 ? din gradientul de Na}{\fs13 \up10 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 +}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 , consecin\uc1 \u355 ?\uc1 \u259 ? a unui
transport activ primar anterior;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Ce substan\uc1 \u355 ?
e pot f}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 i transportate prin
cotransport cu Na}{\fs13 \up10 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 +}
{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 ?}{\fs20 \lang1033
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 calciul;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 glucoza;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1031 \langnp1031 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 hidrogenul;}{\fs20 \lang1031
\langfenp1049 aminoacizii;}{\fs20 \lang1031 \langnp1031 \langfe1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Care din urm\uc1 \u259
?toarele forme de transport cu Na se realizeaz\uc1 \u259 ? prin contratransport?}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 Na/K;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 Na/Ca;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 Na/H;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 Na/glucoz\uc1 \u259 ?;}
Na/aminoacizi;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 108).}{\b1 \fs17 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5
{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm \uc1 \u1054 ?n ca}
\langfenp1049 re din urm\uc1 \u259 ?toarele forme de transport este utilizat\uc1
\u259 ? \uc1 \u238 ?n mod direct en}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 e}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 rgia provenit\uc1 \u259 ? din descompunerea ATP-ului sau
altor fosfa\uc1 \u355 ?i macroergici?}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7
\langfenp1049 cotransportul;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 contratransportul;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 transportul activ primar;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
transportul activ secundar;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [x] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 pompa de
Ca;}{\fs17 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Pompa de Na}{\fs13 \up10 \lang1033 \langnp1033
-K}{\fs13 \up10 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 +}{\fs20
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 :}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 introduce K}{\fs13 \up10 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 +}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \uc1 \u238 ?n celul\uc1 \u259 ?;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich
\hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 men\uc1
\u355 ?ine volumul celular;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 este inhibat\uc1 \u259 ? de
glicozizi cardiaci;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 evacueaz\uc1 \u259 ? Na}
{\fs13 \up10 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 +}{\fs20 \dbch \af7
\hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 din celul\uc1
\langfenp1049 toate raspunsurile corecte; }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs .Sarcolema fibrei musculare scheletice
\af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 uniform sensibil\uc1
\u259 ? la acetilcolin\uc1 \u259 ?;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 insensibil\uc1 \u259 ? la
acetilcolin\uc1 \u259 ?;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 sensibil\uc1 \u259 ? la
acetilcolin\uc1 \u259 ? doar la nivelul jonc\uc1 \u355 ?iunii neuromusculare;}
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 sensibil\uc1 \u259 ? la acid glutamic la nivelul jonc\uc1
\u355 ?iunii neuromusculare;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 uniform sensibil\uc1 \u259 ? la
acid glutamic;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Ionii de Ca}{\fs13 \up10 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 2+}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 sunt stoca\uc1 \u355 ?i \uc1 \u238 ?n fibra
muscular\uc1 \u259 ? striat\uc1 \u259 ? \uc1 \u238 ?n:}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7
\af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 sarcoplasm\uc1 \u259
?;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 sarcolem\uc1 \u259 ?}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 reticulul endoplasmatic, \uc1 \u1086 ?n
cisterne;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 mitocondrii;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 nici un r\uc1 \u259 ?spuns
corect;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfenp1049 {\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 10}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs \uc1 \u206 ?n condi\uc1 \u355 ?ii no}
{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 rmale, tonusul muscular este
determinat de:}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 {\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
cantitatea de ATP din fibra muscular\uc1 \u259 ?;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7
\af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 frecven\uc1 \u355 ?a
de stimulare a unei singure unit\uc1 \u259 ?\uc1 \u355 ?i motorii;}{\fs20 \dbch
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 miofibrile;}{\fs20 \lang1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 num\uc1 \u259 ?rul unit\uc1
\u259 ?\uc1 \u355 ?ilor motorii \uc1 \u238 ?n ac\uc1 \u355 ?iune \uc1 \u351 ?i
frecven\uc1 \u355 ?a lor de desc\uc1 \u259 ?rcare;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 ionii de Ca}{\fs13 \up10 \lang1048
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Activatorul care realizeaz}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich
\af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \uc1 \u259 ?
interac\uc1 \u355 ?iunea dintre proteinele musculare contractile este :}{\fs20
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 calciul;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 clorul;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 sodiul;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 potasiul;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 magneziul;}{\fs20 \lang1033
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Unitatea func\uc1
\u355 ?ional\uc1 \u259 ? a mu\uc1 \u351 ?chiului striat este:}{\fs20 \dbch \af7
\langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 {\b1 \fs17 \dbch \af5 \hich
{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 sarcomerul;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 placa motorie;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
fibra muscular\uc1 \u259 ?;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048
\langfenp1049 unitatea motorie;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 fusul
neuromuscular Kuhne.}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Urm\uc1 \u259 ?
toarele procese au loc \uc1 \u238 ?n cursul perioadei de laten\uc1 \u355 ?\uc1
\u259 ? a contrac\uc1 \u355 ?iei. Unul este gre\uc1 \u351 ?it:}{\fs20 \dbch \af7
\hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 poten\uc1
\u355 ?ialul de ac\uc1 \u355 ?iune se r\uc1 \u259 ?sp\uc1 \u238 ?nde\uc1 \u351 ?te
pe suprafa\uc1 \u355 ?a extern\uc1 \u259 ? a fibrei musculare \uc1 \u351 ?i
p\uc1 \u259 ?trunde prin tubulii "T";}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7
\langfenp1049 influx de K}{\fs13 \up10 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 +}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \uc1 \u238 ?n celul\uc1 \u259 ?;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 eliberare de Ca}{\fs13 \up10 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 hidroliza
unei molecule de ATP;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 Elibera}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich
\af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 rea c\uc1 \u259 ?
ldurii de activare.}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Ce roluri \uc1 \u238 ?
ndepline\uc1 \u351 ?te calciul \uc1 \u238 ?n contrac\uc1 \u355 ?ia muscular\uc1
\u259 ??}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cuplarea excita\uc1 \u355 ?iei
cu contrac\uc1 \u355 ?ia;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048
\langfenp1049 {\b1
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \uc1 \u238 ?mpiedic\uc1 \u259 ?
contrac\uc1 \u355 ?ia;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 men\uc1 \u355 ?ine
contrac\uc1 \u355 ?ia; }{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 detrmin\uc1 \u259 ? relaxarea;}
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 toate r\uc1 \u259 ?spunsurile corecte.}{\fs20 \dbch
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs \uc1 \u206 ?n ce
const\uc1 \u259 ? activitatea motorie spontan\uc1 \u259 ? a mu\uc1 \u351 ?chilor
netezi viscerali?}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 unde lente electrice;}{\fs20
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 varia\uc1 \u355 ?ia
poten\uc1 \u355 ?ialului de repaus;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 modificarea frecven\uc1
\u355 ?ei poten\uc1 \u355 ?ialelor de ac\uc1 \u355 ?iune;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7
\hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 activitate
independent\uc1 \u259 ? de inerva\uc1 \u355 ?ie;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [x] }{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich
\af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 toate r\uc1 \u259 ?
spunsurile corecte.}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Stimularea
repetat\uc1 \u259 ? a fibrei musculare scheletice determin\uc1 \u259 ?
contrac\uc1 \u355 ?ie tetanic\uc1 \u259 ? deoarece concentra\uc1 \u355 ?ia
intracelular\uc1 \u259 ? a uneia din urm\uc1 \u259 ?toarele substan\uc1 \u355 ?e
cre\uc1 \u351 ?te \uc1 \u351 ?i r\uc1 \u259 ?m\uc1 \u238 ?ne la nivele ridicate.
Despre cine este vorba?}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048
\langfenp1049 Na}{\fs13 \up10 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 +}
\langfenp1049 K}{\fs13 \up10 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
+}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 ;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 troponina;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 ATP;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 Ca}{\fs13 \up10 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 2+}
{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 .}{\fs20 \lang1033
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Care din urm}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \uc1 \u259 ?toarele proteine
musculare au rol important \uc1 \u238 ?n contrac\uc1 \u355 ?ie, at\uc1 \u238 ?t
\uc1 \u238 ?n mu\uc1 \u351 ?chii netezi, c\uc1 \u238 ?t \uc1 \u351 ?i \uc1 \u238 ?n
cei stria\uc1 \u355 ?i?}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 calmodulina;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 troponina;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 tropomiozina;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 actina;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
lan\uc1 \u355 ?urile u\uc1 \u351 ?oare ale miozinei.}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs \uc1 \u1054 ?n curs}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 ul procesului de cuplare
excita\uc1 \u355 ?ie-contrac\uc1 \u355 ?ie \uc1 \u238 ?n mu\uc1 \u351 ?chiul neted,
\langfenp1049 sunt elibera\uc1 \u355 ?i din reticulul sarcoplasmic cu ajutorul :}
\langfenp1049 [x] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 inozitol
trifosfatului;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 protein kinazei C;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 diacil glicerolului;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 AMP-ului
ciclic;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 calmodulinei.}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Care}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 din urm\uc1 \u259 ?toarele
afirma\uc1 \u355 ?ii privind transmiterea impulsului nervos la nivelul pl\uc1 \u259
?cii neuromusculare este adev\uc1 \u259 ?rat\uc1 \u259 ??}{\fs20 \dbch \af7
\hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 are loc o
modificare a cantit\uc1 \u259 ?\uc1 \u355 ?ii de acetilcolinesteraz\uc1 \u259 ?,
care cre\uc1 \u351 ?te;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 este asociat\uc1 \u259 ? cu un
influx de K}{\fs13 \up10 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 +}
\langfenp1049 prin sarcolem\uc1 \u259 ?;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7
\langfenp1049 are loc o sc}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \uc1 \u259 ?dere sub normal a nivelului}
{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 Mg}{\fs13 \up10
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 2+}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 nu este afectat\uc1 \u259 ? de cre\uc1 \u351 ?terea la
maxim a frecven\uc1 \u355 ?ei de stimulare \uc1 \u238 ?n \uc1 \u238 ?n fibra
nervoas\uc1 \u259 ?;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 este dependent\uc1 \u259 ? de
cantitatea de acetilcolin\uc1 \u259 ? eliberat\uc1 \u259 ? de termina\uc1 \u355 ?
ia axonic\uc1 \u259 ? a motoneuronului.}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs \uc1 \u206 ?n care
din urm\uc1 \u259 ?toarele situa\uc1 \u355 ?ii are loc cre\uc1 \u351 ?terea
maxim\uc1 \u259 ? a tensiunii musculare?}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 la sc\uc1 \u259 ?derea Ca}
{\fs13 \up10 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 2+}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 extracelular;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 la cre\uc1 \u351 ?terea Mg }
{\fs13 \up10 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 2+ }{\fs20
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 extracelular;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 \uc1 \u1086 ?n cursul tetanosului incomplet;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 \uc1 \u1086 ?n cursul tetanosului maximal complet;}{\fs20
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \uc1 \u238 ?n cursul sum\uc1
\u259 ?rii a dou\uc1 \u259 ? secuse.}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Cuplare}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 a excita\uc1 \u355 ?ie-
contrac\uc1 \u355 ?ie \uc1 \u238 ?n mu\uc1 \u351 ?chiul neted este ini\uc1 \u355 ?
iat\uc1 \u259 ? de fixarea ionilor de Ca}{\fs13 \up10 \lang1033 \langnp1033
la:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain
\af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 lan\uc1 \u355 ?urile
u\uc1 \u351 ?oare ale miozinei;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048
\langfenp1049 calmodulina;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
troponina;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1031 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 tropomiozina;}{\fs20 \lang1031 \langnp1031
\langfenp1049 protein kinaza A.}{\fs20 \lang1031 \langnp1031 \langfe1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Cuplarea excita\uc1
\u355 ?ie - contrac\uc1 \u355 ?ie \uc1 \u238 ?n mu\uc1 \u351 ?chii scheleteci
implic\uc1 \u259 ? urm\uc1 \u259 ?toarele evenimente cu excep\uc1 \u355 ?ia uneia:}
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 producerea poten\uc1 \u355 ?ialului local terminal de
plac\uc1 \u259 ?;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langfenp1049 fixarea ionilor de Ca}{\fs13 \up10 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 2+}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 la miozin\uc1 \u259 ?;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 formarea le}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7
\loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 g\uc1 \u259 ?turilor
ciclice temporare \uc1 \u238 ?ntre actin\uc1 \u259 ? \uc1 \u351 ?i miozin\uc1 \u259
\langfenp1049
[ ] }{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 depolarizarea de-a lungul tubilor transver\uc1 \u351 ?i;}{\fs20 \dbch
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 hidroliza ATP-ului.}{\fs20
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Ce elem}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 ente \uc1 \u351 ?i \uc1 \u238 ?n ce
ordine particip\uc1 \u259 ? \uc1 \u238 ?n transmiterea neuromuscular\uc1 \u259 ? l}
{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 a nivelul fibrelor musculare
scheletice:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 acetilcolina , Cl}{\fs13 \up10 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 , Na}{\fs13 \up10 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 +}
\langfenp1049 acetilcolina, Na}{\fs13 \up10 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 +}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 , K }{\fs13
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 ; }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 acetilcolina, K}{\fs13 \up10 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 +}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 , Na}{\fs13
acetilcolina, Ca}{\fs13 \up10 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 2+}
{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 , Na}{\fs13 \up10 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 ;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 noradrenalina, Na}{\fs13 \up10 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 , K}{\fs13 \up10 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 +}
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\loch \f8 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Cel mai important rol
al motoneuronilor \uc1 \u947 ? este:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
stimularea fibrelor musculare scheletice pentru a se contracta;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 men\uc1 \u355 ?inerea
activit\uc1 \u259 ?\uc1 \u355 ?ii \uc1 \u238 ?n fibrele aferente Ia \uc1 \u238 ?n
cursul contrac\uc1 \u355 ?iei musculare;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 generarea activit\uc1
\u259 ?\uc1 \u355 ?ii \uc1 \u238 ?n fibrele aferente Ib;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich
\af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 detectarea lungimii de repaus a
mu\uc1 \u351 ?chilor scheletici;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7
\langfenp1049 \uc1 \u1086 ?mpiedicare}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 a mu\uc1 \u351 ?chilor de a produce
o for\uc1 \u355 ?\uc1 \u259 ? muscular\uc1 \u259 ?}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 prea mare.}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Tropomiozina are
urm\uc1 \u259 ?toarele roluri \uc1 \u238 ?n fibra muscular\uc1 \u259 ?
scheletic\uc1 \u259 ?:}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
favorizeaz\uc1 \u259 ? eliberarea ionilor de Ca}{\fs13 \up10 \lang1033
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 din cisternele reticulului sasrcoplasmic;}{\fs20
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 favorizeaz\uc1 \u259 ?
polimerizarea actinei globulare}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
genereaz\uc1 \u259 ? ATP;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 stabilizeaz\uc1 \u259 ?
moleculele de miozin\uc1 \u259 ?;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 stabilizeaz\uc1 \u259 ?
miofilamentele de actin\uc1 \u259 ?, ac\uc1 \u355 ?ion\uc1 \u238 ?nd ca o
protein\uc1 \u259 ? de relaxare, care \uc1 \u238 ?mpiedic\uc1 \u259 ?
interac\uc1 \u355 ?iunile dintre zonele active ale miofilamentelor de actin\uc1
\u259 ? \uc1 \u351 ?i miozin\uc1 \u259 ?.}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs La nivelul recepto}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 rilor de tip N, acetilcolina
ac\uc1 \u355 ?ioneaz\uc1 \u259 ? av\uc1 \u238 ?nd ca mesage}{\fs20 \lang1048
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 r secund :}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langfenp1049 inozitol trifosfatul;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 diacil
glicerolul;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 AMP - ul ciclic;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\nowidctlpar \lin0 \rin0
\itap0 \fs24 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 {\b1 \fs17 \dbch \af5
\hich \af5 \loch \f5 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 d) }{\fs17
\langfenp1049 toate r\uc1 \u259 ?spunsurile corecte;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich
\hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 nici un r\uc1
\u259 ?spuns corect.}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Dac\uc1 \u259 ? o
fibr\uc1 \u259 ? muscular\uc1 \u259 ? scheletic\uc1 \u259 ? relaxat\uc1 \u259 ?
este alungit\uc1 \u259 ? p}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
asiv:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 benzile A cresc \uc1 \u1086 ?n lungime;}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 benzile I cresc \uc1 \u1086 ?n lungime;}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 benzile H cresc \uc1 \u1086 ?n lungime;}
\af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 miofilamentele
sub\uc1 \u355 ?iri cresc \uc1 \u238 ?n lungime;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 miofilamentele groase cresc \uc1 \u1086 ?n
lungime.}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Tetanosul complet:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 rezult\uc1 \u259 ? din fuziunea
unor secuse musculare cu frecven\uc1 \u355 ?\uc1 \u259 ? rapid\uc1 \u259 ?;}
\langfenp1049 [x] }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 produce o
tensi}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 une mai mare de 4-5 ori dec\uc1 \u238 ?t o singur\uc1 \u259 ?
secus\uc1 \u259 ?;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 apare rar \uc1 \u238 ?n timpul
activit\uc1 \u259 ?\uc1 \u355 ?ii normale;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch
\af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 se produce cu
aceeia\uc1 \u351 ?i frecven\uc1 \u355 ?\uc1 \u259 ? de fuziune pentru toate
tipurile de mu\uc1 \u351 ?chi scheletici;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7
\lisa0 \nowidctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \lang1049 \langnp1049
\af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 C \uc1 \u351 ?i D.}
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Poten\uc1 \u355 ?
ialul miniatural de plac\uc1 \u259 ? motorie este rezultatul:}{\fs20 \lang1048
\langfenp1049 producerii cuantelor de neuromediator;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 ac\uc1 \u355 ?iunii unei
singure molecule de neuromediator;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cre\uc1 \u351 ?terii
conductan\uc1 \u355 ?ei}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
ionilor de Ca}{\fs13 \up10 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 2+}
\langfenp1049 \uc1 \u238 ?n termina\uc1 \u355 ?iile postsinaptice;}{\fs20 \dbch
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 producerii unei cuante de
neuromediator}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \uc1 \u238 ?n urma invaziei poten\uc1 \u355 ?ialului de
ac\uc1 \u355 ?iune \uc1 \u238 ?n termina\uc1 \u355 ?iile presinaptice;}{\fs20 \dbch
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 toate raspunsurile corecte.}
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Pentru care mu\uc1
\u351 ?chi este valabil\uc1 \u259 ? legea "tot sau nimic" \uc1 \u238 ?n cursul
contrac\uc1 \u355 ?iei?}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048
\langfenp1049 striat;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 neted;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 cardiac;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
striat \uc1 \u351 ?i cardiac;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048
\af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Care din urm}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \uc1 \u259 ?toarele afirma\uc1
\u355 ?ii despre mu\uc1 \u351 ?chii netezi este corect\uc1 \u259 ?:}{\fs20
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 mu\uc1 \u351 ?chiul neted are
aceea\uc1 \u351 ?i cantitate de actin\uc1 \u259 ? \uc1 \u351 ?i miozin\uc1 \u259 ?
ca \uc1 \u351 ?i mu\uc1 \u351 ?chiul stria}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 t;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 mu\uc1 \u351 ?
chiul neted are poten\uc1 \u355 ?ialul de membran\uc1 \u259 ? mai sc\uc1 \u259 ?zut
\uc1 \u351 ?i mai instabil ca cel striat;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 mu\uc1 \u351 ?chiul neted are o
contractilitate mai rapid\uc1 \u259 ? ca cel striat;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich
chiul neted are o contractilitate egal\uc1 \u259 ? cu a celui striat;}{\fs20
\uc1 \u238 ?n mu\uc1 \u351 ?chiul neted elementele elastice sunt dispuse \uc1 \u238
?n serie ca \uc1 \u351 ?i \uc1 \u238 ?n cel striat.}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
sist.nerv.gen.m.g.}{\b1 \fs17 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Dupa caracterul mediatorului eliberat neuronii se
impart in:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 colinergici;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 adrenergici;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
serotoninergici;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 reninergici;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 sist.nerv.gen.m.g.}{\b1 \fs17 \dbch
{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Dupa sensibilitatea la
excitanti neuronii se impart:}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
monomodali;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 bimodali;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langfenp1049 polimodali;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 colinergici;}{\fs20 \lang1048
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Arcul reflex este:}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langfenp1049 reactia de raspuns a organismului la excitarea receptorilor;}
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 calea de la sistemul nervos central pana la
organul efector;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 calea de la receptori pana la organul
efector;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 calea de la receptor}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 i}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 pana la sistemul nervos;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Arcul reflex polisinaptic este:}{\fs20 \lang1048
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [x] }{\fs20 \lang1048
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 Arc reflex complex;}{\fs20 \lang1048
\langfenp1049 arc reflex simplu;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 este
alcatuit din doi neuroni;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cu durata timpului reflexului mai
mare;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cu durata timpului reflexului mai mic;}
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Ce este timpul reflexului:}{\fs20 \lang1048
\langfenp1049 timpul excitatiei receptorilor;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langfenp1049 timpul transmiterii excitatiei prin centrul nervos;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 timpul excitatiei organului efector;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langfenp1049 timpul aparitiei reactiei de raspuns;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langfenp1049 timpul transmiterii excitatiei de la receptor pana la organul
efector;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Cum sunt clasificate
dup\uc1 \u259 ? structur\uc1 \u259 ? sinapsele SNC:}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langfenp1049 axosomatice;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
axodendritice;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 axoaxonice;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048
\langfenp1049 {\b1 \fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 d) }{\fs20
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] motore;}{\fs20 \lang1048
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 senzitive;}{\fs20 \lang1048
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 Mediatorii excitanti:}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 provoaca
hiperpolarizarea membranei postsinaptice;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [x] }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 provoaca
depolarizarea membranei postsinaptice;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [x] }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 deschid
canalele pentru Na+;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 deschid canalele pentru K+;}
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 deschid canalele pentru Ca++;}{\fs20
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Potentialul postsinaptic de excitatie (PPSE):}
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 Este capabil sa se sumeze in timp;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 nu se sumeaza;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 amplitudinea depinde de cantitatea
de mediator;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 se supune legii "tot sau nimic";}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 nu se supune legii "tot sau nimic";}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\hich \af5 \loch \f5 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 Capitol: }
\langfenp1049 sist.nerv.gen.m.g.}{\b1 \fs17 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Amplitudinea PPSE depinde :}{\fs20 \lang1048
\langfenp1049 De numarul de canale pentru Na+ deschise;}{\fs20 \lang1048
\langfenp1049 de cantitatea de mediator;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langfenp1049 de numarul de canale pentru Cl- deschise;}{\fs20 \lang1048
\langfenp1049 de numarul canalelor pentru K+ deschise;}{\fs20 \lang1048
\langfenp1049 de forta si durata excitarii;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Importanta ionilor de Ca++ in mecanismul transmiterii
excitatiei:}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 Asigura eliminarea mediatorului din
presinapsa;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 inhiba eliminarea mediatorului;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 interactioneaza cu receptorii membranei postsinaptice;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 deschid canalele pentru Na+;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
prelungesc timpul excitarii membranei postsinaptice;}{\fs20 \lang1048
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Sumatia PPSE provoaca aparitia potentialului de
actiune pe:}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 membrana postsinaptica;}{\fs20 \lang1048
\nowidctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \lang1049 \langnp1049
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 membrana somei neuronului;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 membrana dendritelor;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 membrana
axonului in strangulatia Ranvie;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [x] }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 segmentul
initial al axonului;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfenp1049 Mediatorii inhibitori provoaca:}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langfenp1049 deschiderea canalelor pentru Na+ pe membrana postsinaptica;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 deschiderea canalelor pentru K+ pe membrana postsinaptica;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 depolarizeaza membrana postsinaptica;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langfenp1049 hiperpolarizeaza membrana postsinaptica;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langfenp1049 nu modifica potentialul membranei;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Postactiunea (reverberatia ) este :}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 proprietatea sinapsei;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
proprietatea centrului nervos;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 iradierea
excitatiei;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 circulatia excitatiei printr-un "inel"
neuronal;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [x] }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 raspunsul efectorului si dupa intreruperea excitatiei receptorilor;}
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Principiul dominantei este:}{\fs20 \lang1048
\langfenp1049 proprietatea sinapsei;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
proprietatea centrului nervos;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [x] }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 inhibitia
focarelor slabe de excitatie de catre un focar de excitatie puternic;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 marirea excitabilitatii unui focar mai puternic pe contul focarelor
mai slabe;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 toate }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 raspunsurile corecte}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Mediatorii SNC sunt distrusi de catre urmatorii
fermenti:}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 Acetilcolina de catre colinesteraza;}
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 acetilcolina de catre colinacetilaza;}
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 noradrenalina de catre monoaminoxidaza;}
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 noradrenalina de catre colinacetilaza;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 nu sunt distrusi de fermenti;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\loch \f5 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 149).}{\b1
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 sist.nerv.gen.m.g.}{\b1 \fs17 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Mediatorii excitanti (in mai multe
cazuri )sunt:}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 acetilcolina;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langfenp1049 dopamina;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 noradrenalina;}{\fs20 \lang1048
\langfenp1049 glicina;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 acidul gama-amino-butiric (AGAB);}
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Mediatorii inhibitori (in mai multe cazuri ) sunt:}
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 Serotonina;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langfenp1049 acetilcolina:}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [x] }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 glicina;}
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 acidul gama-amino-butiric;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 nici }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 unul din
ei}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 ;}{\fs20 \lang1048
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Particularitatile transmiterii excitatiei prin centrul
nervos:}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 convergenta ;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\nowidctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24
\af5 \loch \f5 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 b) }{\fs17 \dbch
{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 postactiunea;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 transformatia ritmului;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] facilitarea;}{\fs20
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Particularitatile transmiterii excitatiei prin
sinapsele SNC:}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 transmiterea unilaterala;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 retentia sinaptica;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [x] }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 sumatia
in timt (temporara);}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 iradierea excitatiei;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 convergenta;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Inhibitia pesimala este provocata de :}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 hiperpolarizarea membranei postsinaptice;}{\fs20 \lang1048
\langfenp1049 depolarizarea membranei postsinaptice;}{\fs20 \lang1048
\langfenp1049 actiunea mediatorului inhibitor;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langfenp1049 depolarizarea stabila;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
raspunsurile corecte;
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Canalele ionice postsinaptice, activate chimic sunt:}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 canale de sodiu;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 canale de calciu;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [x] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 canale de
potasiu;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 canale de clor;}{\fs20 \lang1033
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Sinapsele electrice se deosebesc de cele chimice:}
\af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 reten\uc1 \u355 ?ia
sinaptic\uc1 \u259 ? este prelungit\uc1 \u259 ?;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch
\af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 spa\uc1 \u355 ?iu
sinap}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 tic mai larg;}
\af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 spa\uc1 \u355 ?iu
sinaptic mai mic;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 reten\uc1 \u355 ?ia
sinaptic\uc1 \u259 ? lipse\uc1 \u351 ?te;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 prezen\uc1 \u355 ?a
mediatorului specific}{\fs17 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5 \lang1033
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\par }\pard \plain \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \nowidctlpar
\langfenp1049 Capitol: }{\fs17 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5 \lang1033
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 sist.nerv.gen.m.g.}{\b1 \fs17 \dbch \af5
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 Punctajul: }{\fs17 \dbch \af5 \hich
\af5 \loch \f5 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 10}{\fs20
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Neuropeptidele sunt:}{\fs20
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain \fi-283
\li283 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \nowidctlpar \lin283 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \lang1049
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 factorii de eliberare hipotalamici;}{\fs20
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 peptidele hipofizare;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain \fi-283 \li283 \ri0 \lisb0
\langfenp1049 peptidele somnului;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain \fi-283 \li283 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \nowidctlpar
\langfenp1049 d) }{\fs17 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 endorfinele si enkefalinele;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [x] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 toate
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Generarea potentialului de actiune in segmentul
initial al axonului este cauzata de:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [x] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 Numarul
marit (de 7 ori) de canale de sodiu voltajdependente in aceasta regiune in
comparatie cu membrana somei;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 numarul marit de canale voltajdependente pentru calciu;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 Excitabilitatea membranei segmentului initial este mai mare decit a
membranei somei;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\plain \fi-283 \li283 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \nowidctlpar \lin283 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 excitabilitatea scazuta;}{\fs20
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm In sinapsele inhibitoare, pe membrana postsinaptica se
deschid canalele:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\par }\pard \plain \fi-283 \li283 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \nowidctlpar \lin283 \rin0
\itap0 \fs24 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 {\b1 \fs17 \dbch
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 de
sodiu;}{\fs20
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 de potasiu;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain \fi-283 \li283 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0
\langfenp1049 de calciu;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 de clor;}{\fs20 \lang1033
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Mediatorul trece prin membrana presinaptica:}{\fs20
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 prin canale voltaj dependente;}{\fs20
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 prin canale activate chimic;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 prin exocitoza;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 prin transport activ;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 prin difuzie;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Care structur\uc1
\u259 ? }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 are mai multe
canale de sodiu voltajdependente:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 a) }{\fs17 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 membrana somei neuronului;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 membrana segmentului initial al axonului;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 membrana dendritelor;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 au acelas
numar de canale;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Cum se modifica sensibilitatea tesutului denervat fata
de mediator?}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 creste;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 scade;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 se mareste sensibilitatea
receptorilor fata de mediator;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 scade sensibilitatea receptorilor fata de mediator;}{\fs20
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Cum este explicata marirea sensibilitatii tesutului
denervat fata de mediator?}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [x] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 creste
numarul de receptori pe membrana postsinaptica;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 scade numarul de receptori pe membrana postsinaptica;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 creste activitatea enzimelor care distrug mediatorul;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 scade activitatea enzimelor care distrug mediatorul;}{\fs20
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\loch \f5 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 163).}{\b1 \fs17
\loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Propriet\uc1
\u259 ?\uc1 \u355 ?ile fundamentale ale reflexelor sunt:}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich
unidirec\uc1 \u355 ?ionalitatea;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 convergen\uc1 \u355 ?a \uc1
\u351 ?i divergen\uc1 \u355 ?a;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 fatigabilitatea \uc1 \u351 ?i
facilitatea,}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 iradierea \uc1 \u351 ?i
ocluzia;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 toate r\uc1 \u259 ?spunsurile
corecte;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 C3 Glande
endocrine}{\b1 \fs17 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 Glandele endocrine
sunt: }{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049
\langfenp1049 hipofiza;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par
\lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 ficatul;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1049
\langfenp1049 {\b1 \fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 c) }{\fs20
\lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] ganglionul spinal;}{\b1
\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain \li0
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 {\b1 \fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 d) }{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [x]
gonadele;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain
\langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 tiroida;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs20
\langfenp1049 {\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 }{\b1
\langfenp1049 165).}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par
\lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 {\b1 \fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 Capitol: }{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 C3 Glande endocrine}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 Punctajul: }{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 Exista secretie endocrina la nivelul:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 {\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \tab }
{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \tab }{\fs20 \lang1033
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \tab }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \tab }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
{\fs17 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5 \lang1031 \langnp1031
\langfenp1049 hipofizei;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1031 \langnp1031 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 b) }{\fs20 \lang1031 \langnp1031 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] rinichiului;}{\fs20 \lang1031 \langnp1031 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1031 \langnp1031 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 tubului
digestiv;}{\fs20 \lang1031 \langnp1031 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 hipotalamusului;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfenp1049 Hormonii pot fi ca structura:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 proteine;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 aminoacizi;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1033
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] glucide;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 steroizi;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 toate raspunsurile corecte;}{\b1
\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs20
\langfenp1049 Hormonii derivati de la colesterol sunt:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 hormonii sexuali;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [x] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 hormonii
glucocorticoizi;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 hormonii mineralocorticoizi;}{\fs20 \lang1049
\langfenp1049 parathormonul;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 calcitonina;}{\fs20 \lang1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\par
\langfenp1049 Hormonii hipofizari sunt ca structura:}{\fs20 \lang1049
\langfenp1049 peptide}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 ,}
{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 proteine;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 steroi}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 zi}
\langfenp1049 amine biogene;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 glicoproteine;}{\fs20 \lang1049
\langfenp1049 glucide;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfenp1049 Hormonii pot fi metabolizati la nivelul:}{\fs20 \lang1049
\langfenp1049 ficatului;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 miocardului;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 tesuturilor tinta;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
plamanului;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 e) }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] tubului digestiv;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 Parathormonul si calcitonina sunt ca structura:}
\langnp1031 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 proteine;}{\fs20 \lang1031 \langnp1031
\langfenp1049 steroizi;}{\fs20 \lang1031 \langnp1031 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par
\lang1031 \langnp1031 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 glicoproteine;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1031
\lang1031 \langnp1031 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] glucide;}{\fs20 \lang1031
\langfenp1049 amine biogene;}{\fs20 \lang1031 \langnp1031 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfenp1049 Prin AMPc actioneaza urmatorii hormoni:}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 hormonii hipotalamici;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 {\b1 \fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 b) }{\fs20
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [x] hormonii hipofizei anterioare;}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 parathormonul;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 estradiolul;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
tiroidieni;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfenp1049 Hormonii corticosuprarenalei sunt ca structura:}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 {\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 }{\fs20
\langfenp1049 glicoproteine;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 glucide;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 steroli;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \lang1049
\langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 {\b1 \fs20 \lang1031 \langnp1031 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 d) }{\fs20 \lang1031 \langnp1031 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ]
proteine;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1031 \langnp1031 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 {\b1 \fs20 \lang1031 \langnp1031
\langfenp1049 [ ] amine biogene; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1031 \langnp1031
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs20
\langfenp1049 Oxitocina si vasopresina (ADH) se secreta la nivelul :}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 nucleului supraoptic din hipotalamusul anterior;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 nucleului paraventricular din hipotalamusul anterior;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 nucleului arcuat din hipotalamusul medial;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 centrului setei;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1031 \langnp1031 \langfe1049
\lang1031 \langnp1031 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 e) }{\fs20 \lang1031 \langnp1031
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] hipofizei posterioare;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1031
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs20
\langfenp1049 Liberinele si statinele se secreta la nivelul:}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 nucleului supraoptic din hipotalamusul anterior;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 nucleului paraventricular din hipotalamusul anterior;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 nucleul arcuat din hipotalamusul medial;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 hipofizei posterioare;}{\fs20 \lang1031 \langnp1031 \langfe1049
hipotalamusul posterior;}{\fs20 \lang1031 \langnp1031 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfenp1049 Pe receptorii membranari actioneaza urmatorii hormoni:}{\fs20
\lang1033
\langfenp1049 hormonii proteici;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
adrenalina;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 c) }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] hormonii steroizi;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] hormonii tiroidieni;}{\b1 \fs20
\langfenp1049 {\b1 \fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 e) }{\fs20
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] hormonii sexuali;}{\b1 \fs20
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs20
\langfenp1049 Pe receptorii intracelulari actioneaza urmatorii hormoni:}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 proteici;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 b) }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [x] steroizi;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] adrenalina;}{\b1 \fs20
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [x] tiroidieni;}{\b1 \fs20
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] hipofizei anterioare;}{\b1
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs20
\langfenp1049 Vasopresina (ADH)actioneaza la nivelul:}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 tubului contort proximal;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 ansa lui
Henle;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langfenp1049 [ ] tubului contort distal;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [x] tubului colector;}{\b1 \fs20
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] vasa recta;}{\b1 \fs20
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs20
\langfenp1049 Vasopresina (ADH) produce la nivelul tubului urinar:}{\fs20 \lang1049
\nowidctlpar \lin0
a) }{\fs17 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049
reabsorbtia sodiului;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\langfenp1049 [x] reabsorbtia apei;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 c) }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] secretia potasiului;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] secretia H+;}{\b1 \fs20
\lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] reabsorbtia Ca ++;}{\b1
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs20
\langfenp1049 Vasopresina produce :}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049
contractia musculaturii netede;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] relaxarea musculaturii netede;}{\b1 \fs20
\lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [x] contractia vaselor sangvine;}
{\b1 \fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain
cresterea presiunii arteriale;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] scaderea presiunii arteriale;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs20
\langfenp1049 Sistemul port hipotalamo-hipofizar:}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049
\langfenp1049 este un sistem vascular;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [x] leaga hipotalamusul medial cu hipofiza anterioara;}
\langfenp1049 c) }{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] leaga
hipotalamusul anterior cu hipofiza posterioara;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049
\lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] transporta oxitocina si
vasopresina;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langfenp1049 [x] transporta liberine si statine;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs20
\langfenp1049 Deficitul de vasopresina (ADH)produce :}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 a) }{\fs17 \dbch \af4 \hich
\lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 diabetul zaharat;}{\b1 \fs20
\lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [x] diabetul insipid;}{\b1 \fs20
\lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] maladia Cushing;}{\b1 \fs20
\lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [x] eliminarea unui volum mare de
urina (poliuria);}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] retentia de apa in organism;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs20
\langfenp1049 Hormonii hipotalamici sunt ca structura:}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049
\langfenp1049 peptide, proteine;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 steroi}
{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 zi}{\fs20 \lang1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1031 \langnp1031 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 lipide;}
\langnp1031 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 glicoproteine;}{\fs20 \lang1031
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfenp1049 Hormonii pancreatici sunt ca structura:}{\fs20 \lang1049
\langfenp1049 peptide-proteine;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 steroi}
{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 zi}{\fs20 \lang1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 amine
biogene;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 glicoproteine;}{\fs20 \lang1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 {\fs17 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 }{\b1 \fs17 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5 \lang1033
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 C3 Glande endocrine}{\b1 \fs17
{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm }{\fs20 \lang1049
\langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 Prin sistemul port hipotalamo-hipofizar se
transporta :}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 hormonii de eliberare hipotalamici}{\b1 \fs20
\lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [x] hormonii de inhibitie
hipotalamici;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] oxitocina;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049
\lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 d) }{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] vasopresina;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049
\lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] neurofizinele;}{\b1 \fs20
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs20
\langfenp1049 Adrenocorticotropul (ACTH) este secretat de :}{\fs20 \lang1049
\langfenp1049 hipofiza posterioara ;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049
\lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] suprarenalele ;}{\b1 \fs20
\lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [x] hipofiza anterioara;}{\b1 \fs20
\lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] hipotalamus;}{\b1 \fs20
\lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] tiroida;}{\b1 \fs20
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs20
\langfenp1049 Prolactina este secretata de :}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049
\langfenp1049 hipofiza posterioara;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049
hipotalamusul medial;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] testicul;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [x] hipofiza anterioara;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049
\lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] ovar;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1
\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain \li0 \ri0
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 {\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 }
\langfenp1049 Gonadotropinele (LH, FSH) sunt secretate de:}{\fs20 \lang1049
\langfenp1049 hipotalamusul anterior;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049
\lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [x] hipofiza anterioara ;}{\b1
\langfenp1049 c) }{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ]
hipofiza posterioara; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] ovar; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049
\lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] testicul; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs20
\langfenp1049 Hormonul somat}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
o}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 t}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 r}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 op produce:}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cresterea tesuturilor;}{\b1
\langfenp1049 b) }{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [x]
cresterea oaselor in lungime;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] cresterea oaselor in grosime;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1049
\lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [x] cresterea viscerelor;}{\b1
\langfenp1049 e) }{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ]
inhibitia cresterii tesuturilor;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs20
\langfenp1049 Somatotropul:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 creste
transferul aminoacizilor in celula;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
sinteza proteinica;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par
\langfenp1049 [ ] scade sinteza proteinica;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] nu influenteaza metabolimul
proteinelor;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langfenp1049 [ ] nu influenteaza metabolizmul lipidelor;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1033
\langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs20
\langfenp1049 Hormonul luteinizant (LH) la barbat:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 stimuleaza spermatogeneza;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [x] stimuleaza secretia de
testosteron in testicul;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] inhiba secretia de testosteron;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] stimuleaza secretia de hormoni
sexuali in corticosuprarenala;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] nu influenteaza secretia hormonala;}{\b1 \fs20
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs20
\langfenp1049 Hipersecretia de hormon somatotrop produce:}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 nanismul hipofizar la copil;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [x] gigantismul la copil;}{\b1
\langfenp1049 c) }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [x]
acromegalia la adult;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 d) }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] boala Basedow;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] cretinismul la copil;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1033
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs20
\langfenp1049 Hormonii tiroidieni sunt:}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049
tireoglobulina;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] monoiodtirozina;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [x] triiod}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 o}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 tironina;}
tetraiod}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 o}{\fs20
\lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 tironina;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1049
\lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [x] calcitonina;}{\b1 \fs20
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1
\langfenp1049 Hormonii glucocorticoizi se secreta la nivelul:}{\fs20 \lang1049
\langfenp1049 corticosuprarenalei;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] gonadelor;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049
hipotalamusului;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] pancreasului endocrin;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs20
\langfenp1049 Hormonii mineralocorticoizi se secreta la nivelul:}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 pancreasului endocrin;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049
\lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] hipotalamusului;}{\b1 \fs20
\lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] hipofizei posterioare;}{\b1
corticosuprarenalei;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] tiroidei;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs20
\langfenp1049 Hormonii androgeni sunt secretati la nivelul:}{\fs20 \lang1049
\langfenp1049 corticosuprarenalei;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] medulosuprarenalei;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1049
\lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [x] cantitatii mici in ovar;}
glandei testiculare;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] hipofizei anterioare;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs20
\langfenp1049 {\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 196).}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049
\lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 Capitol: }{\fs20 \lang1049
\langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 C3 Glande endocrine}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1049
\langfenp1049 {\b1 \fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 Punctajul:
}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 10}{\fs20 \lang1048
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs }{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 Asupra metabolismului proteinelor,}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 glucocorticoizii (cortizolul)}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
produc:}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 inhibitia sintezei de proteina;}{\b1 \fs20
\lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [x] catabolism proteic exagerat;}
\langfenp1049 c) }{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] nu
influenteaza sinteza de proteine in ficat;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049
\lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] scade sinteza de
imunoglobuline;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] nu influenteaza metabolismul proteinelor;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs20
\langfenp1049 Calcitonina este secretata de:}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049
\langfenp1049 tiroida in compartimentul folicular;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049
\lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [x] tiroida in compartimentul
interstitial;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] paratiroida;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] hipofiza anterioara;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049
\lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] ficat;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs20
\langfenp1049 Hormonii estrogeni sunt secretati la nivelul:}{\fs20 \lang1049
\langfenp1049 medulosuprarenalei;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] hipofizei posterioare;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1049
\lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [x] ovarului;}{\b1 \fs20
\lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] tiroidei;}{\b1 \fs20
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs20
\langfenp1049 {\fs20 \lang1033
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 {\b1 \fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 199).}{\b1
\langfenp1049 Capitol: }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 C3
Glande endocrine}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 Punctajul: }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 10}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm }
{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 Ovarul secreta:}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 hormoni estrogeni;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [x] androgeni in cantitati mici;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1033
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] aldosteron;}{\b1 \fs20
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [x] relaxina;}{\b1 \fs20
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] hormonul foliculostimulant;}
{\b1 \fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs20
\langfenp1049 Hormonii androgeni sunt:}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049
aldosteronul;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\langfenp1049 [x] testosteronul;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] estradiolul;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049
\lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [x] dehidrotestosteronul;}{\b1
cortizolul;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs20
\langfenp1049 Hormonii corticosuprarenalei sunt ca structura:}{\fs20 \lang1049
\langfenp1049 proteici;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [x] sterolici;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049
\lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [x] provin din colesterol;}{\b1
glicoproteici;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] provin din vitamina C;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs20
}\pard \plain \li0 \ri0 \lisb0
\langfenp1049 {\b1 \fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 Capitol: }
{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 C3 Glande endocrine}{\b1
\langfenp1049 Punctajul: }{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
10}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm }{\fs20 \lang1049
\langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 Hiperglicemia modifica secretia de hormoni
pancreatici astfel:}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 stimuleaza secretia de glucagon;}
stimuleaza secretia de insulina;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] inhiba secretia de insulina;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1049
\lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [x] inhiba secretia de glucagon;}
\langfenp1049 e) }{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] nu
influenteaza secretia celor doi hormoni;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs20
\langfenp1049 Hipoglicemia modifica secretia de hormoni pancreatici astfel:}
\langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 stimuleaza secretia de insulina;}{\b1
stimuleaza secretia de glucagon;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [x] inhiba secretia de insulina;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1049
\lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] inhiba secretia de glucagon;}
\langfenp1049 e) }{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] nu
influenteaza secretia celor doi hormoni;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs20
\langfenp1049 Hormonul tireotrop}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 }{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 (TSH) este
secretat de :}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 hipotalamus;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049
\lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [x] hipofiza anterioara;}{\b1 \fs20
\lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] hipofiza posterioara;}{\b1
tiroida;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langfenp1049 [ ] pancreas;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs20
}\pard \plain \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \nowidctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0
\fs24 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 {\b1 \fs20 \lang1049
\langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 Capitol: }{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 C3 Glande endocrine}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049
\langfenp1049 {\b1 \fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 Punctajul:
}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 10}{\fs20 \lang1048
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 Hormonul tireotrop}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
(TSH):}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain
\langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 stimuleaza secretia glandei
corticosuprarenalei;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\langfenp1049 [x] stimuleaza secretia glandei tiroide;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1049
\lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] inhiba secretia glandei
tiroide;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langfenp1049 [ ] stimuleaza secretia hipofizei anterioare;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1033
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] stimuleaza secretia hipofizei
posterioare;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs20
\langfenp1049 Contractia muschiului uterin este stimulata de urmatorii hormoni:}
\langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 gonadotropine;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1049
\lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [x] oxitocina;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1049
\lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [x] slab de hormonul antidiuretic;}
hormonii estrogeni;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par
\langfenp1049 [ ] hormonii androgeni;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs20
\langfenp1049 Aldosteronul produce la nivelul tubului urinifer:}{\fs20 \lang1049
\langfenp1049 reabsorbtia sodiului;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [x] secretia de potasiu;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049
\lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [x] secretia ioni}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 lor}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 de hidrogen;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049
\lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] reabsorbtia potasiului;}{\b1
reabsorbtia calciului;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs20
}\pard \plain
\langfenp1049 Neurofizinele:}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 sunt produse in nucleii supraoptic
si paraventricular;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 sunt hormoni;}{\fs20 \lang1049
\langfenp1049 sunt proteine transportoare;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049
transporta oxitocina si vasopresina prin sistemul port hipotalamo-hipofizar;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 transporta oxitocina si vasopresina prin tractul hipotalamo-
hipofizar;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfenp1049 Renina:}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 este secretata de aparatul juxta-
glomerular;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] este secretata de interstitiu renal;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1049
\lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] este secretata in ficat;}
transforma angiotensinogenul in angiotenzina I;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049
\lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] transforma angiotensina I in
angiotensina II;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs20
\langfenp1049 Angiotensina II:}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049
stimuleaza secretia reninei;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [x] are efect vasoconstrictor;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1049
\lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [x] creste presiunea arteriala;}
\langfenp1049 d) }{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] nu
modifica presiunea sangvina;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049
\langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 {\b1 \fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 e) }{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] este
secretata de rinichi;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs20
\langfenp1049 Progesteronul este secretat la nivelul:}{\fs20 \lang1049
\langfenp1049 foliculuilui ovarian;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [x] corpului galben;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049
\lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] testiculului;}{\b1 \fs20
\lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [x] placentei;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs20
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Toate actiunile enumerate au loc sub influenta }{\fs20
\lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 vasopresinei (ADH)}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cu exceptia}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 :}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [x] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 mareste
diureza;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 are actiune antidiuretica;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 creste volumul plasmatic;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 produce
concentrarea urinei;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 scade concentratia plasmei ;}{\fs20
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfenp1049 Testiculul produce:}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049
spermatozoizi din celulele liniei seminale;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [x] hormoni androgeni la nivelul celulelor
interstitiale Leydig;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] gonadotropine LH,}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 }{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 FSH;}{\b1
progesteron;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langfenp1049 [ ] cortizol;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs20
\langfenp1049 Secretia de hormoni sexuali la femeie este stimulata de :}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 factorul de eliberare hipotalamic(LRH);}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1049
\lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] estradiol prin feed-back
pozitiv la mijlocul ciclului menstrual;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049
\lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] estradiol prin feed-back
negativ;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langfenp1049 [x] gonadotropina LH;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [x] gonadotropina FSH;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs20
\langfenp1049 Secretia de hormoni sexuali la barbati este stimulata de:}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 factorul de eliberare hipotalamic;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1049
\lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] estradiolul prin feed-back
negativ;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langfenp1049 [ ] testosteronul prin feed-back negativ;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1049
\lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [x] gonadotropina LH;}{\b1 \fs20
\lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] gonadotropina FSH;}{\b1
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs20
\langfenp1049 Hormonii pancreasului endocrin sunt:}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049
\langfenp1049 insulina;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
[x] somatostatina;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par
\langfenp1049 [x] glucagonul;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] dosteronul;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] calcitonina;}{\b1 \fs20
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs20
\langfenp1049 Glucagonul este secretat de:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [x] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 celulele
alfa pancreatice;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] celulele beta pancreatice;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] hipofiza;}{\b1 \fs20
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] medulosuprarenala;}{\b1
ficat;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs20
\langfenp1049 Diabetul zaharat se datoreste:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 excesului de insulina;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [x] lipsei de insulina;}{\b1
\langfenp1049 c) }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] lipsei
de glucagon;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langfenp1049 [ ] excesul de glucagon;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] excesul de mineralocorticoizi;}{\b1 \fs20
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs20
\langfenp1049 In diabetul zaharat se produce:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 hiperglicemie;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] hipoglicemie;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1031 \langnp1031
\lang1031 \langnp1031 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [x] poliurie;}{\b1 \fs20
\lang1031 \langnp1031 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [x] glucozurie;}{\b1 \fs20
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] toate raspunsurile corecte;}
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs20
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 10cm Mixedemul se caracterizeaza prin:}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 marirea metabolismului bazal;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [x] retinerea apei in organism;}
scaderea metabolismului bazal;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [x] scaderea excitabilitatii SNC;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1033
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] tahicardie;}{\b1 \fs20
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs20
\langfenp1049 Secretia de vasopresina (ADH) este stimulata de :}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 scaderea concentratiei plasmatice (hipotonie);}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 scaderea volumului plasmatic;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 cresterea volumului plasmatic;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049
\langfenp1049 stimularea osmoreceptorilor prin concentrarea plasmei si a lichidului
extracelular (hiperosmie);}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049
stimularea receptorilor de joasa presiune la scaderea volumului plasmatic;}
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfenp1049 Receptorii hormonilor tiroidieni se afla:}{\fs20 \lang1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 pe
membrana celulei \uc1 \u171 ?tinta\uc1 \u187 ?;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049
\lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] in citoplasma celulei \uc1
\u171 ?tinta\uc1 \u187 ?;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [x] pe lanturile de ADN sau in vecinatatea lor;}{\b1
\langfenp1049 d) }{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] }
{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 pe mitocondrii;}{\b1
\langfenp1049 e) }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] toate
raspunsurile corecte;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs20
\langfenp1049 Functiile principale ale mineralocorticoizilor -aldosteronului sunt:}
\langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 reabsorbtia tubulara a sodiului;}{\b1
excretia potasiului prin celulele epiteliale tubulare;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1049
\lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] micsoreaza reabsorbtia apei;}
mareste reabsorbtia apei;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] mareste reabsorbtia calciului;}{\b1 \fs20
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs20
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Boala Bazedow se caracterizeaza prin:}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 marirea metabolismului bazal;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] scaderea metabolismului bazal;}
poliurie;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langfenp1049 [x] marirea excitabilitatii SNC;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] bradicardie;}{\b1 \fs20
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs20
\langfenp1049 Deficitul mineralocorticoid provoaca:}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049
\langfenp1049 hipernatriemie;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1049
\lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [x] hiperkaliemie;}{\b1 \fs20
\lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [x] hiponatriemie;}{\b1 \fs20
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [x] scaderea volumului de lichid
extracelular;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] marirea volumului de lichid extracelular;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1033
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs20
\langfenp1049 Diabetul suprarenal (steroid ) este provocat de :}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 hipersecretia glucocorticoizilor;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049
\lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] hiposecretia
glucocorticoizilor;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par
\langfenp1049 [ ] hipersecretia adrenalinei si noradrenalinei;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1049
\lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] insuficienta de insulina;}
\langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 insuficienta de hormon antidiuretic;}{\b1
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs20
\langfenp1049 Efectele insulinei asupra celulelor tinta sunt:}{\fs20 \lang1049
\langfenp1049 scaderea permeabilitatii membranelor celulare la glucoza;}{\b1
marirea permeabilitatii membranelor celulare la glucoza;}{\fs20 \lang1049
\langfenp1049 cresterea permeabilitatii membranelor celulare pentru aminoacizi;}
\langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 scaderea permeabilitatii membranelor celulare
pentru aminoacizi;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 stimularea sintezei glicogenului;}
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs20
\langfenp1049 Progesteronul favorizeaza:}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049
\langfenp1049 proliferatia endometriului;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049
\lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [x] secretia endometrului;}{\b1
contractia uterului;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\langfenp1049 [x] relaxarea uterului;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049
\lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [x] proliferarea alveolelor
sanilor;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs20
\langfenp1049 Estrogenii favorizeaza:}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049
dezvoltarea organelor sexuale;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [x] dezvoltarea semnelor sexuale secundare;}{\b1 \fs20
\lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [x] contractia uterului;}{\b1 \fs20
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] secretia endometrului;}{\b1
relaxarea uterului;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs20
\langfenp1049 Adrenalina este un agent glicemic puternic datorita capacitatii de :}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 stimularea secretiei glucagonului;}{\b1 \fs20
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [x] stimularea glicogenolizei in
muschi si ficat;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\langfenp1049 [x] inhibitie a secretiei insulinei;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] stimularea secretiei
insulinei;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] stimularea glicogenogenezei;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs20
\langfenp1049 Tractul hipotalamo-hipofizar:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 {\b1 \fs17 \dbch \af4
\hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 a) }{\fs17
}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 este format din axonii
neuronilor din nucleul arcuat;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [x] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 este
format din axonii neuronilor din nucleii supraoptici si paraventriculari;}
\langnp1031 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 este un sistem vascular ;}{\fs20 \lang1031
\langfenp1049 ajunge la hipofiza anterioara;}{\fs20 \lang1031 \langnp1031
\langfenp1049 ajunge la hipofiza posterioara;}{\fs20 \lang1031 \langnp1031
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfenp1049 Secretia de hormon somatotrop este reglata de : }{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 gonadotropine;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 somatostatine;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 prolactina;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1031 \langnp1031 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 somatoliberina;}{\fs20 \lang1031
\langfenp1049 adrenocorticotropina;}{\fs20 \lang1031 \langnp1031 \langfe1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfenp1049 La femeie secretia de gonadotropine este reglata de :}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 adrenalina;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 estradiol prin feed-back negativ;}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 estradiol prin feed-back pozitiv;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 {\b1 \fs17 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5 \lang1033
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 d) }{\fs17 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch
\f5 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [x] }{\fs20 \lang1033
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 hormonul de eliberare hipotalamic;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 testosteron prin feed-back negativ;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfenp1049 Asupra metabolismului glucidelor ,glucocorticoizii (cortizolul)
produc:}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 gluconeogeneza hepatica;}{\fs20 \lang1049
\langfenp1049 hiperglicemie;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 glicogenoliza;}{\fs20 \lang1049
\langfenp1049 hipoglicemie;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [x] }{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 nu
influenteaza metabolismul glucidelor;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfenp1049 Adrenalina si noradrenalina sunt secretate la nivelul:}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 corticosuprarenalei;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049
medulosuprarenalei;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 fibrelor postganglionare
simpatice;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 hipofizei anterioare;}{\fs20 \lang1049
\langfenp1049 paratiroidelor;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfenp1049 Corpul galben;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 se formeaza in faza foliculara a
ciclului menstrual;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 se formeaza in faza luteala a
ciclului menstrual;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 secreta hormoni estrogeni si
progesteron;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 se formeaza sub actiunea hormonului
foliculostimulant;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 se formeaza sub actiunea hormonului
luteinizant;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfenp1049 Hormonul luteinizant (LH) la femeie:}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049
\langfenp1049 promoveaza secretia endocrina in ovar;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1049
\lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] stimuleaza lactatia;}{\b1 \fs20
\lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [x] produce ovulatia;}{\b1 \fs20
\lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [x] formeaza corpul galben;}{\b1
maturizea}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 za}{\fs20
\lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 foliculul ;}{\b1 \fs20
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs20
\langfenp1049 Hormonul foliculostimulant}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
(FSH):}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain
\langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 stimuleaza cresterea si maturizarea
foliculara;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\langfenp1049 [x] promoveaza secretia endocrina la nivelul gonadelor prin actiune
directa;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langfenp1049 [x] stimuleaza spermatogeneza;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049
\lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] produce ovulatia;}{\b1 \fs20
\lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] formeaza corpul galben;}{\b1
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs20
\langfenp1049 Efectele cardiovasculare ale adrenalinei si noradrenalinei:}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 tahicardia;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] vasodilatatie;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [x] vasoconstrictie;}{\b1 \fs20
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [x] cresterea presiunii arteriale;}
scaderea presiunii arteriale;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs20
\langfenp1049 Parathormonul:}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 este hormon hipercalcemiant;}
\langfenp1049 b) }{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] este
hormon hipocalcemiant;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] favorizeaza depunerea calciului in oase;}{\b1
\langfenp1049 d) }{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [x] creste
reabsorbtia calciului la nivelul tubului urinifer;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049
\lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [x] mareste eliminarile urinare de
fosfor;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs20
\langfenp1049 Calcitonina:}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049
hormon hipercalcemiant;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [x] este hormon hipocalcemiant;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1049
\lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [x] este hormon antagonist al parathormonului;}{\b1 \fs20
\lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] mobilizeaza calciu din oase;}
\langfenp1049 e) }{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [x]
favorizeaza depunerea calciului in oase;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs20
\langfenp1049 Efectele metabolice ale adrenalinei:}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049
\langfenp1049 glicogenoliza hepatica si musculara;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] activeaza consumul celular de
glucoza;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langfenp1049 [x] hiperglicemie;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] produce hipoglicemie;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1033
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] nu influenteaza metabolismul
glucidelor;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs20
\langfenp1049 Hormonii mineralocorticoizi-aldosteronul actioneaza la nivelul:}
\langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 tubului contort proximal;}{\fs20 \lang1049
\langfenp1049 ansei lui Henle;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [x] }{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 tubului
contort distal;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 tubului colector;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 glomerulului renal;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfenp1049 Boala Addison este:}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049
insuficienta corticosuprarenalei;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049
hiperfunctia}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
corticosuprarenalei}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 ;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 insuficienta medulosuprarenalei;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049
\langfenp1049 hiperfunctia suprarenalei in general;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049
\langfenp1049 hipofunctia hipofizei anterioare;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfenp1049 Glucagonul produce:}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049
hiperglicemie;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] hipoglicemie;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [x] gluconeogeneza hepatica;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1033
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [x] glicogenoliza hepatica;}{\b1
gluconeogeneza musculara;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs20
\langfenp1049 Adrenalina si noradrenalina actioneaza pe receptorii:}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 alfa-adrenergici;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [x] }{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 beta-
adrenergic}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 i}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 muscarinici;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049
nicotinici;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 nu influenteaza receptorii mentionati;}{\fs20
\langfe1049
\langfenp1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfenp1049 Efectele glucocorticoizilor asupra metabolismului glucidic sunt:}
\langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 stimularea gluconeogenezei;}{\b1 \fs20
\lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] scaderea gluconeogenezei;}
scaderea utilizarii glucozei de catre celule;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049
\lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [x] cresterea glicemiei;}{\b1 \fs20
\lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] hipoglicemia;}{\b1 \fs20
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs20
\langfenp1049 Hormonii sexuali sunt produsi de:}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049
\langfenp1049 corticosuprarenala;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [x] }{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 ovar;}
\langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 testicul;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049
\langfenp1049 medulosuprarenala;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 hipofiza
anterioara;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfenp1049 Actiunile insulinei asupra metabolismului proteic-lipidic:}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 creste transportul de aminoacizi prin membrana celulara;}{\fs20
b) }{\fs17 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
sinteza proteinelor;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 produce catabolism proteic;}
\langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 promoveaza mobilizarea grasimilor din
tesutul adipos;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 promoveaza depunerea grasimilor la
nivelul tesutului adipos;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfenp1049 Hormonii tubului digestiv sunt:}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049
\langfenp1049 colecistokinina;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049
oxitocina;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 gastrina;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049
\langfenp1049 secretina;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 prolactina;}{\fs20 \lang1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfenp1049 Care din peptidele enumerate se secreta de neuronii secretori ai
hipotalamusului:}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langfenp1049 noradrenalina;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] somatomedina;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049
\langfenp1049 somatostatina;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 somatotropina;}{\fs20 \lang1049
\langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfenp1049 In care din tesuturile enumerate are loc difuzia facilitata
insulindependenta a glucozei:}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049
cardiac;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 creer;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049
\langfenp1049 muschiul scheletal;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 epitelui
renal;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain
\langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 epiteliu intestinal;}{\fs20 \lang1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfenp1049 Hormonul cel mai activ al glandei tiroide este:}{\fs20 \lang1049
\langfenp1049 tiroxina;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par
\lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 triiodtironina;}{\fs20 \lang1049
\langfenp1049 tireoglobulina;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 acidul
triiodtiroacetic;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfenp1049 Oxitocina provoaca:}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049
lactogeneza;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 contractia miometrului;}{\fs20 \lang1049
\langfenp1049 eliberarea laptelui;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049
contractia mioepiteliului}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
din canalele galactofore}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 ;}
\langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 relaxarea uterului;}{\fs20 \lang1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfenp1049 Hormonii care participa la mentinerea corpului galben sunt:}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 hormonul antidiuretic;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 hormonul
foliculostimulant;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\langfenp1049 [x] hormonul luteinizant;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049
gonadotropina corionica;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 progesteronul;}{\fs20 \lang1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfenp1049 Prescrierea hormonului tiroid exogen duce la :}{\fs20 \lang1049
\langfenp1049 inhibitia secretiei hormonului tireotrop dupa principiul }{\fs20
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 legaturii inverse}{\fs20
\lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 negativ}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 e}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049
\hich \af5 \loch \f5 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [x] }
{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 micsorarea secretiei
hormonilor tiroidieni;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 micsorarea asimilarii iodidelor de
catre glanda tiroida;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 marirea consumului de oxigen in
creier;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 E.stimularea secretiei hormonului tireotrop;}
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfenp1049 Care din urmatorii hormoni (si multi altii) au mecanismul de actiune
prin AMPc:}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 adrenocorticotropina;}{\fs20 \lang1049
\langfenp1049 hormonii tiroidieni;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049
vazopresina;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 hormonii sexuali;}{\fs20 \lang1049
\langfenp1049 hormonii gonadotropi;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfenp1049 Somatotropul :}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 scade utilizarea glucozei in scop
energetic;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 mareste utilizarea glucozei in scop
energetic;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 mareste depozitele de glicogen;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 scade concentratia glucozei in singe;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049
e) }{\fs17 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
micsoreaza patrunderea glucozei in celule si mareste concentratia de glucoza in
singe;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfenp1049 Hormonii tiroidieni sunt eliberati in singe pe urmatoarele cai:}
\langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 digerarea tireoglobulinei in substanta
coloidala si eliberarea T3 si T4 in sange;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049
eliberarea tireoglobulinei si descompunerea ei in sange:}{\fs20 \lang1049
\langfenp1049 discompunerea tireoglobulinei in celulele tiroidene si eliberarea in
sange;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain
\langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 discompunerea tireoglobulinei in celulele
"tinta";}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfenp1049 Efectele hormonilor tiroidieni asupra metabolismului glucidic sunt:}
\langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 captarea rapida a glucozei de catre celule;}
\langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 captarea lenta a glucozei de catre celule;}
\langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cresterea glicolizei;}{\fs20 \lang1049
\langfenp1049 scaderea gluconeogenezei;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [x] }{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cresterea
secretiei de insulina;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
261).}{\b1 \fs17 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 C3 Glande endocrine}{\b1 \fs17 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 Efectele hormonului tireostimulant asupra secretiei
tiroidiene sunt:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 creste proteoliza tireoglobulinei;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 scade activitatea pompei de iod;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 creste iodarea tirozinei;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
marimea si activitatea celulelor tiroidiene;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 scade numarul de celule tiroidiene}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfenp1049 Secretia hormonului tireotrop este reglata de :}{\fs20 \lang1049
\langfenp1049 efectul feed-back negativ a}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 l}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
hormonului tiroidian}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 asupra
hipotalamusului}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 ;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 actiunea directa a hormonului tiroidian asupra hipofizei anterioare;}
\langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 temperatura scazuta a mediului extern;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 temperatura ridicata a mediului extern:}{\fs20 \lang1049
\langfenp1049 reactii emotionale;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfenp1049 Cauzele hipertiroidismului sunt:}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049
\langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 secretia
excesiva de hormon tireotrop;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [x] }{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 prezenta
in singe a anticorpilor tireo-stimulina cu actiuni similare cu cele ale TSH;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 insuficienta nutritiei;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049
insuficienta iodului in hrana;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 emotii
negative;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfenp1049 Secretia mineralocorticoizilor este stimulata de:}{\fs20 \lang1049
\langfenp1049 cresterea concentratiei ionilor de sodiu in sange;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 cresterea ionilor de potasiu in lichidul extracelular;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 hormonul adrenocorticotrop;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049
\langfenp1049 cresterea sintezei de angiotensina in rinichi;}{\fs20 \lang1049
\langfenp1049 cresterea fluxului sangvin renal;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfenp1049 Influenta stressului fizic sau psihic asupra secretiei ACTH:}
\langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cresterea apreciabila de ACTH;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 cresterea secretiei cortizolului ;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1049
\langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 scaderea secretiei cortizolului;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 cresterea secretiei factorului eliberator din hipotalamus(CRF);}
\langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 nu influenteaza asupra secretiei ACTH;}{\fs20
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfenp1049 Boala Addison este determinata de:}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049
\langfenp1049 hipertrofia cortexului adrenal;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049
\langfenp1049 atrofia cortexului adrenal;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049
\langfenp1049 distrugerea cortexului de un proces tuberculos sau canceros;}
\langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cresterea secretiei de ACTH;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 cresterea secretiei adrenalinei;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfenp1049 Deficitul glucocorticoid provoaca:}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049
\langfenp1049 intensificarea gluconeogenezei;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049
\langfenp1049 scaderea gluconeogenezei;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
intensificarea mobilizarii proteinelor si lipidelor;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 reducerea mobilizarii proteinelor si lipidelor;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 micsoreaza nivelul de zahar in sange;}{\fs20 \lang1031 \langnp1031
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1
\rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 {\fs17 \dbch
\af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 }{\b1
\af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 268).}
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 C3 Glande endocrine}{\b1 \fs17 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm }{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 Boala Cushing este determinata de :}{\fs20 \lang1049
\langfenp1049 hiperplazia cortexului suprarenal;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049
\langfenp1049 hipoplazia cortexului suprarenal;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049
\langfenp1049 cresterea secretiei de ACTH de catre hipofiza anterioara;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 scaderea secretiei de ACTH de catre hipofiza anterioara;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 cresterea secretiei de androgeni;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfenp1049 Hormonul tisular vilichinina:}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049
\langfenp1049 stimuleaza secretia sucului intestinal;}{\fs20 \lang1049
\langfenp1049 stimuleaza motilitatea vilozitatilor;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049
\langfenp1049 inhiba motilitatea intestinului;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049
\langfenp1049 stimuleaza secretia pancreatica;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049
\langfenp1049 stimuleaza secretia gastrica;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfenp1049 Hormonii care pot provoca bilantul azotat negativ:}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 hormonul cresterii;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [x] }{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 surplusul
de hormoni tiroizi;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 hormonii glucocorticoizi;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 insulina;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par
\lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 mineralocorticoizii;}{\fs20
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfenp1049 Toti hormonii enumerati sunt neuropeptide cu exceptia:}{\fs20
somatomedina;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 beta -endorfina;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049
\langfenp1049 hormonul tireotrop;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049
oxitocina}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 ;}{\fs20 \lang1033
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Aprecia\uc1 \u355 ?i
care din afirma\uc1 \u355 ?iile de mai jos sunt corecte:}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich
\hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 deficitul de
Had (Hormon antidiuretic) \uc1 \u238 ?n hipofiza posterioar\uc1 \u259 ? cre\uc1
\u351 ?te riscul de hiperhidratare;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 dopamina ac\uc1 \u355 ?
ioneaz\uc1
\u259 ? ca un inhibitor al celulelor hipofizare lactotorofe, care secret\uc1 \u259
? prolactin\uc1 \u259 ?;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 deficitul de TSH cre\uc1
\u351 ?te riscul de acromegalie;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 secre\uc1 \u355 ?ia de STH este
controlat\uc1 \u259 ? at\uc1 \u226 ?t de somatostatin\uc1 \u259 ?, c\uc1 \u226 ?
t \uc1 \u351 ?i de GHRH (Hormonul de eliberare a hormonului de crestere;}{\fs20
hiperfunc\uc1 \u355 ?ia hipofizei anterioare, la un copil de 10 ani, este
asociat\uc1 \u259 ? cu sc\uc1 \u259 ?derea ratei metabolismului bazal;}{\fs20 \dbch
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 celulele cromafi}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7
\loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 le se g\uc1 \u259 ?
sesc \uc1 \u238 ?n glanda adrenal\uc1 \u259 ?;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7
\af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 secre\uc1 \u355 ?ia
excesiv\uc1 \u259 ? de catecolamine duce la hipertensiune;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7
\hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 frecven\uc1
\u355 ?a cardiac\uc1 \u259 ? se reduce sub ac\uc1 \u355 ?iunea catecolaminelor
circulante;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 secre\uc1 \u355 ?ia crescut\uc1
\u259 ? de catecolamine stimuleaz\uc1 \u259 ? hipofiza;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 catecolaminel}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7
\loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 e sunt secretate de c\uc1
\u259 ?tre corticosuprarenal\uc1 \u259 ?;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 oxitocina
stimuleaz\uc1 \u259 ? sinteza de lapte \uc1 \u238 ?n glandele mamare;}{\fs20
\hich \af5 \loch
\f5 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [x] }{\fs20 \dbch \af7
\hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 sc\uc1 \u259 ?
derea HAD duce la cre\uc1 \u351 ?terea excesiv\uc1 \u259 ? a diurezei;}{\fs20 \dbch
at\uc1 \u226 ?t oxitocina, c\uc1 \u226 ?t \uc1 \u351 ?i Had, se secret\uc1 \u259 ?
ca r\uc1 \u259 ?spuns la reflexele neuroendocrine;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7
\af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 secre\uc1 \u355 ?ia
de oxitocin\uc1 \u259 ? \uc1 \u351 ?i HAD este reglat\uc1 \u259 ? de releasong
hormonii hipota}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 lamici;}
\af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 HAD ac\uc1 \u355 ?
ioneaz\uc1 \u259 ? prin fixarea pe receptori membranari V2 din celulele tubulare,
din tubii colectori;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
Corticosuprarenalele secret\uc1 \u259 ? hormoni peptidici \uc1 \u351 ?i sterolici;}
consecutiv hipofizectomiei anterioare are loc atrofia corticosuprarenalei;}
\af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 aldosteronul poate
interveni \uc1 \u238 ?n reglarea calcemiei \uc1 \u351 ?i magnezie}{\fs20
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 miei;}{\fs20 \lang1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 secre\uc1 \u355 ?ia de cortizol
atinge valori maxime \uc1 \u238 ?n jurul orei 6 a.m.;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cortizolul este un hormon hiperglicemiant;}
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Apreci}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 a\uc1 \u355 ?i care din
afirma\uc1 \u355 ?iile de mai jos sunt corecte:}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7
\af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 hormonii tiroideni
sunt esen\uc1 \u355 ?iali pentru dezvoltarea \uc1 \u351 ?i maturarea timpurie a
SNC;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20
\dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 T3
\uc1 \u351 ?i T4 stimuleaz\uc1 \u259 ? secre\uc1 \u355 ?ia de TRH;}{\fs20 \dbch
persoanele cu hipotiroidism au un MB (metabolism bazal) sc\uc1 \u259 ?zut;}
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 un plus de 65 c/min sugereaz\uc1 \u259 ? diagnosticul de
tireotoxicoz\uc1 \u259 ?;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cea mai mare parte a iodului
din organism este prezent \uc1 \u238 ?n glanda tiroid\uc1 \u259 ?, unde este
\uc1 \u238 ?ncorporat \uc1 \u238 ?n tireoglobulin\uc1 \u259 ?;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cortizolul are
efecte imunosupresoare \uc1 \u351 ?i antiinflamatoare;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7
\af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cortizoluul
determin\uc1 \u259 ? sc\uc1 \u259 ?derea mobiliz\uc1 \u259 ?rii de aminoacizi;}
\langfenp1049 [x] }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 hormonii}
\langfenp1049 tiroideni produc cre\uc1 \u351 ?terea consumului de O2 \uc1 \u351 ?i
a ratei metabolismului;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cre\uc1 \u351 ?terea nivelelor
de aminoacizi plasmatici determin\uc1 \u259 ? cre\uc1 \u351 ?terea ratei de STH.}
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cortizolul determin\uc1 \u259 ? sc\uc1 \u259 ?derea
lipolizei;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Referitor la metaobolismul glucozei:}{\fs20
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 gluconeogeneza este formarea de
glucoz\uc1 \u259 ? din glicogen;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 glucogenoliza \uc1 \u351 ?i
glucogenoza sunt
func\uc1 \u355 ?ii hepatice;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048
\langfenp1049 glucoza poate fi de}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 pozitat\uc1 \u259 ? ca glicogen sau
lipide;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 gluconeogeneza este stimulat\uc1 \u259 ? \uc1 \u238 ?n
condi\uc1 \u355 ?ii de hipoglicemie;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 glucogeneza este
stimulat\uc1 \u259 ?, dac\uc1 \u259 ? rezervele celulare de ATP scad;}{\fs20
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm O persoan\uc1 \u259 ?
care a \uc1 \u355 ?inut greva foamei timp de o s\uc1 \u259 ?pt\uc1 \u259 ?m\uc1
\u226 ?n\uc1 \u259 ?, comparativ cu o persoan\uc1 \u259 ? normal\uc1 \u259 ?,
prezint\uc1 \u259 ?:}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048
\langfenp1049 hipoglicemie;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [x] }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 nivele
crescute ale hormonilor hipoglicemici, inclusiv catecolamine;}{\fs20 \lang1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cre\uc1 \u351 ?terea
activit\uc1 \u259 ?\uc1 \u355 ?ii glicogensintetazei hepatice;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7
\hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cetoz\uc1
\u259 ? \uc1 \u351 ?i cetonurie;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7
\langfenp1049 hipoproteinemie;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Preciza\uc1 \u355 ?i
r\uc1 \u259 ?spunsurile corecte:}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7
\langfenp1049 ere}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 c\uc1 \u355 ?is este un reflex simpatic;}{\fs20 \dbch
este dat\uc1 \u259 ? de p\uc1 \u259 ?trunderea s\uc1 \u226 ?ngelui \uc1 \u238 ?n
\uc1 \u355 ?esutul erectil penian;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048
c) }{\fs17 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \uc1 \u238 ?n cursul ejacul\uc1 \u259 ?rii, sperma se
amestec\uc1 \u259 ? cu secre\uc1 \u355 ?ia prostatic\uc1 \u259 ? \uc1 \u351 ?i a
veziculelor seminale;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 fertilizarea normal\uc1 \u259 ?
are loc \uc1 \u238 ?n uter;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048
\langfenp1049 fertiliz}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 area poate avea loc \uc1 \u351 ?i dup\uc1 \u259 ? 3 zile
de la ovula\uc1 \u355 ?ie;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Hormonii hipofizari, pentru care se cunosc hormoni
inhibitori (inhibine), sunt:}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 STH;}{\fs20 \lang1048
\langfenp1049 ACTH;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 gonadotropinele;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 prolactina;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 tireotropina;}{\fs20 \lang1048
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Au activitate
lipolitic\uc1 \u259 ? urm\uc1 \u259 ?torii hormoni:}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 glucagonul;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langfenp1049 adrenalina;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 insulina;}{\fs20 \lang1048
\langfenp1049 cortizolul;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 toate raspunsurile corecte;}{\fs20
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Insulina produce
urm\uc1 \u259 ?toare}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 le
efecte:}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 utilizarea
crescut\uc1 \u259 ? a glucozei \uc1 \u238 ?n \uc1 \u355 ?esutul adipos \uc1 \u351 ?
i mu\uc1 \u351 ?chii scheletici;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 lipoliza crescut\uc1 \u259 ?;}
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 hiperpolarizarea celuar\uc1 \u259 ?;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7
gluconeogenez\uc1 \u259 ? sc\uc1 \u259 ?zut\uc1 \u259 ?;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich
cetogenez\uc1 \u259 ? sc\uc1 \u259 ?zut\uc1 \u259 ?;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Hormonul tiroidian cel
mai activ \uc1 \u238 ?n circula\uc1 \u355 ?ie este sub form\uc1 \u259 ? de:}
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 triiodotironin\uc1 \u259 ?;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich
\hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 tiroxin\uc1
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 tireoglobulin\uc1 \u259 ?;}
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 tirotropin\uc1 \u259 ?;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 factor stimulator tiroidi}{\fs20 \dbch
\af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 an cu
ac\uc1 \u355 ?iune prelungit\uc1 \u259 ? (FSTAP);}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\par }\pard \plain \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \nowidctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0
\fs24 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 {\fs17 \dbch \af5 \hich
\af5 \loch \f5 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 }{\b1 \fs17
\loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Hipotalamusul poate
cauza eliberarea de HAD, ca r\uc1 \u259 ?spuns la urm\uc1 \u259 ?torii stimuli:}
deshidratare;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 hemoragie
sever\uc1 \u259 ?;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 sc\uc1 \u259 ?derea
osmolarit\uc1 \u259 ?\uc1 \u355 ?ii sanguine;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 durere, stress chirurgical; }{\fs20 \lang1048
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Oxitocina este un
hormon cu urm\uc1 \u259 ?toarele efecte:}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 contrac\uc1 \u355 ?ia
miometrului uterin;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langfenp1049 lactogeneza;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 ejec\uc1 \u355 ?ia laptelui;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7
\af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 preg\uc1 \u259 ?
tirea glandei mamare pentru secre\uc1 \u355 ?ia lactat\uc1 \u259 ?;}{\fs20 \dbch
contrac\uc1 \u355 ?ia celuleleor mioepiteliale din glandele mamare;}{\fs20 \dbch
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\loch \f5 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 C3 Glande endocrine}{\b1 \fs17 \dbch \af5
\af5 \loch \f5 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 10}{\fs20 \dbch \af7
\hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm
Secre\uc1 \u355 ?ia de ACTH:}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048
\langfenp1049 es}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 te sc\uc1 \u259 ?zut\uc1 \u259 ? \uc1 \u238 ?n
condi\uc1 \u355 ?ii de stress;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 este inhibat\uc1 \u259 ? de
durere;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 este stimulat\uc1 \u259 ? de stress;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7
\hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 este
stimulat\uc1 \u259 ? de hipoglicemie;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7
\langfenp1049 intervine \uc1 \u1086 ?n pigmentarea pielii \uc1 \u1086 ?n exces;}
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Neurofizinele I
\uc1 \u351 ?i II:}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langfenp1049 sunt neuromodulatori;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 sunt proteine de transport ale hormonilor
neurohipofizei \uc1 \u238 ?n circula\uc1 \u355 ?ia sistemic\uc1 \u259 ?;}{\fs20
sunt p\uc1 \u259 ?r\uc1 \u355 ?i ale moleculelor precursoare de HAD \uc1 \u351 ?i
respectiv OX;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langfenp1049 sunt prezente \uc1 \u1086 ?n sistemul port hipotalamohipofizar;}
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 sunt eliberate din lobul poster}{\fs20
\dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 ior
al hipofizei, dup\uc1 \u259 ? stimulare, odat\uc1 \u259 ? cu hormonii;}{\fs20 \dbch
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 Punctajul: }{\fs17 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Glucagonul:}{\fs20 \lang1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 este secretat \uc1 \u351 ?i de
celulele G din mucoasa antrului piloric;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 scade glicogeneza
hepatic\uc1 \u259 ?;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 inhib\uc1 \u259 ? secre\uc1
\u355 ?ia de insulin\uc1 \u259 ?;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 stimuleaz\uc1 \u259 ? absorb\uc1 \u355 ?ia intestinal\uc1
\u259 ? a glucozei;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cre\uc1 \u351 ?te glucogenoliza
hepatic\uc1 \u259 ?;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Parathormonul:}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langfenp1049 este secretat de celulele parafoliculare ale tiroidei;}{\fs20
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 interac\uc1 \u355 ?
ioneaz\uc1 \u259 ? cu receptorii nucleari \uc1 \u238 ?n celulel \uc1 \u355 ?int\uc1
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 are structur\uc1 \u259 ?
omoloag\uc1 \u259 ? la nivelul aminoacizilor terminali cu peptidul \uc1 \u238 ?
nrudit cu PTH (PIPTH) secretat la f\uc1 \u259 ?t;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7
\af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 stimuleaz\uc1
\u259 ? hidroxilitatea hepatic\uc1 \u259 ? \uc1 \u351 ?i renal\uc1 \u259 ? a
vitaminei D}{\fs13 \dn4 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 3}
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 stimuleaz\uc1 \u259 ?
resorb\uc1 \u355 ?ia tubular\uc1 \u259 ? renal\uc1 \u259 ? a fosfa\uc1 \u355 ?
ilor;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Alege\uc1 \u355 ?i
combina\uc1 \u355 ?ia corect\uc1 \u259 ? hormon-efect \uc1 \u238 ?n urm\uc1 \u259 ?
toarele cupluri:}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \nowidctlpar
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 STH \uc1 \u8211 ? bilan\uc1 \u355 ? azotat
negativ;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langfenp1049 insulina - efect catabolizant lipidic;}{\fs20 \lang1048
\langfenp1049 cortizol \uc1 \u8211 ? hiperglicemie,}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 tiroxina \uc1 \u8211 ? efect
inotrop \uc1 \u351 ?i cronotrop poziti}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 v;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 inhibin\uc1
\u259 ? \uc1 \u8211 ? inactivarea testosteronului;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Hormonul paratiroidian
determin\uc1 \u259 ?:}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
cre\uc1 \u351 ?terea depozitelor minerale osoase;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7
\af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cresterea cantit\uc1
\u259 ?\uc1 \u355 ?ii de calciu \uc1 \u238 ?n singe;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048
\dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [x]
sc\uc1 \u259 ?derea reabsorb\uc1 \u355 ?iei tubulare a fosfa\uc1 \u355 ?ilor,}
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cre\uc1 \u351 ?terea excitabilit\uc1 \u259 ?\uc1 \u355 ?
ii neuromusculare;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 nici unul din efectele
men\uc1 \u355 ?ionate;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Hipersecre\uc1 \u355 ?
ia de STH la adult poate duce la:}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7
\langfenp1049 acromegalie,}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 hipoglicemie;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
inhib\uc1 \u259 ? transportul aminoacizilor;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 stimuleaz\uc1 \u259 ? formarea
de uree;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langfenp1049 atrofia gonadelor;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Urm\uc1 \u259 ?torii
factori cresc secre\uc1 \u355 ?ia de insulin\uc1 \u259 ? cu excep\uc1 \u355 ?ia:}
aminoacizilor (Arg, Leu, Liz, Fen);}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \uc1 \u61538 ?}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 stimul\uc1 \u259 ?rii va}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 gale;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
STH,ACTH;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 catecolaminelor;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Secre\uc1 \u355 ?ia de
HAD este stimulat\uc1 \u259 ? \uc1 \u238 ?n caz de:}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7
\af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 sc\uc1 \u259 ?dere a
osmolarit\uc1 \u259 ?\uc1 \u355 ?ii plasmei;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7
\langfenp1049 expunere la frig;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 ingestie
de alcool;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 imersie;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 ortostatism \uc1 \u351 ?i
hemoragii;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Calcitonina are
urm\uc1 \u259 ?toarele efecte cu excep\uc1 \u355 ?ia unuia:}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 scade calcemia;}{\fs20 \lang1048
\langfenp1049 scade fosfatemia;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 inhib\uc1 \u259 ? activitatea osteoblastelor;}{\fs20
inhib\uc1 \u259 ? activitatea osteoclastelor;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch
\af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 ac\uc1 \u355 ?
ioneaz\uc1 \u259 ? prin intermediul unui receptor membranar specific \uc1 \u351 ?i
a AMPc;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Hormonii tiroideni:}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 inhib\uc1 \u259 ? ac\uc1
\u355 ?iunea somatotropinei de dezvoltare a cartilajelor de cre\uc1 \u351 ?tere;}
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 inhib\uc1 \u259 ? }{\fs20 \dbch \af6 \hich \af6 \loch \f6
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \uc1 \u61538 ?}{\fs20 \lang1048
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 inhib\uc1 \u259 ? lipop}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 roteinlipaza;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
stimuleaz\uc1 \u259 ? conversia hepatic\uc1 \u259 ? a carotenului \uc1 \u238 ?n
vitamina A;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cresc concentra\uc1 \u355 ?ia
plasmatic\uc1 \u259 ? a colesterolului;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7
\lisa0 \nowidctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \lang1049
\f5 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Adrenalina este un agent hiperglicemiant prin:}
\af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 stimularea secre\uc1
\u355 ?iei de glucagon;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 stimularea secre\uc1 \u355 ?iei
de insulin\uc1 \u259 ?;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 stimularea glicogenolizei
hepatice \uc1 \u351 ?i musculare;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 inhibarea secre\uc1 \u355 ?iei
de insulin\uc1 \u259 ?;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 inhibarea secre\uc1 \u355 ?iei
de}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cortizol;}{\fs20
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Glucagonul
determin\uc1 \u259 ?:}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 gluconeogeneza hepatic\uc1
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 glicogenoliza hepatic\uc1 \u259
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cetogenez\uc1 \u259 ? hepatic\uc1 \u259 ?;}{\fs20
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 gl}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7
\loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 icogenoliza
muscular\uc1 \u259 ?;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 lipogenez\uc1 \u259 ? \uc1
\u238 ?n \uc1 \u355 ?esutul adipos;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 C3 Glande endocrine}{\b1 \fs17
\langfenp1049 cs Urm\uc1 \u259 ?torii hormoni cu ac\uc1 \u355 ?iune
hiperglicemiant\uc1 \u259 ?, in afara de :}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 glucagonul;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langfenp1049 STH-ul;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cortizolul;}{\fs20 \lang1048
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 adrenalina;}{\fs20 \lang1048
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Tiroxina activ\uc1
\u259 ? fiziologic se g\uc1 \u259 ?se\uc1 \u351 ?te \uc1 \u238 ?n una din
urm\uc1 \u259 ?toarele forme:}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 legat\uc1 \u259 ? de
albumin\uc1 \u259 ?;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 legat\uc1 \u259 ? de
prealbumin\uc1 \u259 ?,}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 legat\uc1 \u259 ? la
oglobulin\uc1 \u259 ?;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 ca o glucoronid\uc1 \u259 ?;}
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 nelegat\uc1 \u259 ?, liber\uc1 \u259 ?;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Adrenalina:}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 se secret\uc1 \u259 ? \uc1
\u238 ?n cantit\uc1 \u259 ?\uc1 \u355 ?i crescute \uc1 \u238 ?n cursul st\uc1 \u259
?rilor neobi\uc1 \u351 ?nuite de anxietate \uc1 \u351 ?i tensiune;}{\fs20 \dbch
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 are efecte metabolice de tip
ergotrop, de 10 ori mai puternice ca noradrenalina;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 ac\uc1 \u355 ?ioneaz\uc1
\u259 ? pe receptori }{\fs20 \dbch \af6 \hich \af6 \loch \f6 \lang1048
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \uc1 \u61537 ?}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich
\af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \uc1 \u351 ?i }
\langfenp1049 \uc1 \u61538 ?}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 stimuleaz\uc1
\u259 ? sinteza de glicogen \uc1 \u238 ?n ficat;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Progesteronul:}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langfenp1049 este secretat de corpul galben;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 este secretat de placent\uc1
\u259 ? \uc1 \u238 ?n toate trimestrele de sarcin\uc1 \u259 ?;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7
\hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 este sc\uc1
\u259 ?zut \uc1 \u238 ?n timpul menstrua\uc1 \u355 ?iilor;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7
\hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 prezint\uc1
\u259 ? nivele constante dup\uc1 \u259 ? implantare;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich
\hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 prezint\uc1
\u259 ? nivele sc\uc1 \u259 ?zute dup\uc1 \u259 ? ovula\uc1 \u355 ?ie;}{\fs20 \dbch
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Estrogenii pot avea
urm\uc1 \u259 ?toarele efecte la femei:}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par
faciliteaz\uc1 \u259 ? cre\uc1 \u351 ?terea foliculilor ovarieni;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7
\hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cauzeaz\uc1
\u259 ? modific\uc1 \u259 ?ri ciclice la nivelul vaginului \uc1 \u351 ?i endometr}
{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 ului;}{\fs20 \lang1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 pot produce proliferarea
glandular\uc1 \u259 ? a s\uc1 \u226 ?nilor;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch
\af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 pot produce
proliferarea ductal\uc1 \u259 ? la nivelul s\uc1 \u226 ?nilor;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 toate raspunsurile corecte.}{\fs17 \dbch \af5
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Boala Addison
(insuficien\uc1 \u355 ?a corticosuprarenal\uc1 \u259 ? global\uc1 \u259 ?) este
asociat\uc1 \u259 ? cu:}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 hiperglicemie \uc1 \u351 ?i
sensibilitate crescut\uc1 \u259 ? la insulin\uc1 \u259 ?;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 hipoglicemie;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 secre\uc1 \u355 ?ie sc\uc1
\u259 ?zut\uc1 \u259 ? de ACTH;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048
\langfenp1049 hiperkaliemie;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 hiperpigmentare;}{\fs20
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Gu\uc1 \u351 ?a
endemic\uc1 \u259 ? este caraczterizat\uc1 \u259 ? prin:}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 hipotiroidism profund cu mixedem
generalizat;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 {\b1 \fs17 \dbch
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 tireotoxicoz\uc1 \u259 ? (boala Basedow-Grav}{\fs20
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 es);}{\fs20 \lang1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 absen\uc1 \u355 ?a
congenital\uc1 \u259 ? a TSH;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 exoftalmie la aproximativ
jum\uc1 \u259 ?tate din cei cu gu\uc1 \u351 ?\uc1 \u259 ? endemic\uc1 \u259 ?,}
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 hipertrofia tiroidei \uc1 \u351 ?i hipersecre\uc1 \u355 ?
ia de coloid;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Absen\uc1 \u355 ?a
congenital\uc1 \u259 ? a tiroidei (agenzia tiroidian\uc1 \u259 ?) se asociaz\uc1
\u259 ? cu:}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 maturizarea \uc1 \u238 ?
nt\uc1 \u226 ?rziat\uc1 \u259 ? a scheletului;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7
\af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 nivele ridicate ale
hormonului de cre\uc1 \u351 ?tere, }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 \uc1 \u1086 ?n s\uc1 \u1074 ?nge;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langfenp1049 nivele ridicate ale tirotropinei (TSH \uc1 \u1086 ?n s\uc1 \u1074 ?
nge);}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 nivele ridicate ale iodurilor anorganice,
\uc1 \u1086 ?n s\uc1 \u1074 ?nge;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [x] }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 piticism
asimetric;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm O secre\uc1 \u355 ?ie
excesiv\uc1 \u259 ? de tiroxin\uc1 \u259 ? produce:}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7
\af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 peristaltism
intestinal \uc1 \u351 ?i constipa\uc1 \u355 ?ie;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch
\af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 reflexe miotatice
rapide, tahicardie \uc1 \u351 ?i tahipnee;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch
\af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 somnolen\uc1
\u355 ?\uc1 \u259 ? \uc1 \u351 ?i toleran\uc1 \u355 ?\uc1 \u259 ? crescut\uc1 \u259
? la c\uc1 \u259 ?ldur\uc1 \u259 ?;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 pielea devine cald\uc1
\u259 ? \uc1 \u351 ?i umed\uc1 \u259 ?;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 hipercatabolism proteic \uc1
\u351 ?i bilan\uc1 \u355 ? azotat negativ;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Pacien\uc1 \u355 ?ii
cu boala Basedow-Graves:}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 prezint\uc1 \u259 ? invariabil
exoftalmie;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 prezint\uc1 \u259 ? c\uc1 \u226
?teva adenoame hipersecretoare autonome ale tiroid}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 ei;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 au o hipersecre\uc1 \u355 ?ie profund\uc1 \u259 ? de TSH
de c\uc1 \u259 ?tre glanda hipofiz\uc1 \u259 ? anterioar\uc1 \u259 ?;}{\fs20
prezint\uc1 \u259 ? adesea imunoglobuline (\uc1 \u238 ?n propor\uc1 \u355 ?ie de
50-80%) stimulatoare ale tiroidei, dintre care face parte \uc1 \u351 ?i IgG;}{\fs20
prezint\uc1 \u259 ? o cre\uc1 \u351 ?tere a metabolismului bazal, uneori p\uc1
\u226 ?n\uc1 \u259 ? la 100%;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Zona glomerular\uc1
\u259 ? adrenal\uc1 \u259 ?:}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cea mai intern\uc1 \u259 ?;}
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 reac\uc1 \u355 ?ioneaz\uc1 \u259 ? puternic la ACTH;}
\af5 \hich \af5 \loch
\f5 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 c) }{\fs17 \dbch \af5 \hich
\af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 sursa
primar\uc1 \u259 ? de mineralocorticoizi reprezenta\uc1 \u355 ?i de aldosteron;}
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 reprezint\uc1 \u259 ? 10% din volumul glandei;}{\fs20
absen\uc1 \u355 ?a \uc1 \u238 ?n boala Addison;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Secre\uc1 \u355 ?ia d}
{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 e cortizol:}{\fs20 \lang1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 prezint\uc1 \u259 ?
oscila\uc1 \u355 ?ii periodice pe parcursul celor 24 ore (ritm circadian);}
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 r\uc1 \u259 ?spunde uniform la o doz\uc1 \u259 ?
fix\uc1 \u259 ? de ACTH;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 se produce doar ca r\uc1
\u259 ?spuns la stimularea cu ACTH;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cre\uc1 \u351 ?te ca r\uc1
\u259 ?spuns la nivelele crescute de transcortin\uc1 \u259 ?;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7
inhibat\uc1 \u259 ? de aldosteron;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Secre\uc1 \u355 ?ia de
aldosteron este stimulat\uc1 \u259 ? de:}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7
\langfenp1049 ACTH, prin mesagerul secund AMPc;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langfenp1049 hipokalcemie;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 angiotensin\uc1 \u259 ? II, via fosfolipaza C \uc1
\u351 ?i proteinkinaza C;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048
\langfenp1049 {\b1 \fs17 \dbch \af5 \hich
\af5 \loch \f5 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 d) }{\fs17 \dbch
{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 hipernatriemie;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 factorul natriuretic atrial;}{\fs17 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Calcitonina:}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 este secretat\uc1 \u259 ?
\uc1 \u238 ?n cantit\uc1 \u259 ?\uc1 \u355 ?i crescute la pacien\uc1 \u355 ?ii cu
carcinom medular al tiroidei;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 secretat\uc1 \u259 ? de
glandele ultimobrahiale ale somonului (salmon), este ineficient\uc1 \u259 ? \uc1
\u238 ?n resorb\uc1 \u355 ?ia osoas\uc1 \u259 ? la om;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7
\af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 are mai pu\uc1 \u355
?in aminoacizi dec\uc1 \u226 ?t para}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 thormonul (este un polipeptid mai scurt);}{\fs20 \lang1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 se \uc1 \u351 ?tie c\uc1
\u259 ? secre\uc1 \u355 ?ia sa este inhibat\uc1 \u259 ? prin administrarea de
pentagastrin;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 are ca stimul declan\uc1
\u355 ?ator hipercalcemia;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Ce ac\uc1 \u355 ?iune
are calcitonina?}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langfenp1049 hipofosfatemie;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
hipocalcemie;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
natriurez\uc1 \u259 ?;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langfenp1049 efecte prompte pe termen lung, pentru reglarea calciemiei;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 hipercalcemie;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Glucocorticoizii sunt:}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 hormoni de zona
reticular\uc1 \u259 ? a corticosuprarenalei;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7
\langfenp1049 hormoni steroizi tip C}{\fs13 \dn4 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 hormoni steroizi tip C}{\fs13 \dn4
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 reprezenta\uc1 \u355 ?i prin cortizol \uc1 \u351 ?i
aldosteron;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 reprezenta\uc1 \u355 ?i prin
cortizol \uc1 \u351 ?i corticosteron;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Ce efecte are aldosteronul la nivel renal?}{\fs20
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 determin\uc1 \u259 ? cre\uc1
\u351 ?terea reabsorb\uc1 \u355 ?iei tubulare de Na \uc1 \u351 ?i hiponatriurie;}
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 ac\uc1 \u355 ?ioneaz\uc1 \u259 ? la nivelul TCD \uc1
\u351 ?i TC;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\u259 ? asupra TCP;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 conserv\uc1 \u259 ? Na \uc1
\u238 ?n lichidul extracelular;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 determin\uc1 \u259 ?
reabsorb\uc1 \u355 ?ia de ap\uc1 \u259 ? \uc1 \u238 ?n cantit\uc1 \u259 ?\uc1 \u355
?i echivalente cu Na;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 sistem.card.m.g}{\b1 \fs17 \dbch
{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs }{\fs20 \lang1049
\langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 Primul zgomot debuteaza odata cu una din
fazele ciclului cardiac:}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 ejectia ventriculara rapida;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 contractia atriala;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 umplerea
rapida; }{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049
contractia izovolumetrica;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 perioada
protodiastolica}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 ;}{\fs17
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
sistem.card.m.g}{\b1 \fs17 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 Deschiderea unor canale ''lente'' de Ca in cursul pot. de actiune din
fibra miocardiaca de lucru este caracteristica pentru:}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049
\langfenp1049 faza de depolarizare; }
\langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 faza de repolarizare rapida;
\langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 faza de platou;
\langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 faza de postpotential;}{\fs20 \lang1049
\langfenp1049 faza de depolarizare lenta diastolica;}{\fs20 \lang1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\hich \af5 \loch \f5 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 Punctajul: }
\langfenp1049 10}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs }
{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 Transferul apei din capilar
in spatiul interstitial este favorizat de:}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 scaderea
tensiunii arteriale; }{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049
\langfenp1049 cresterea presiunii venoase;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cresterea
presiunii oncotice a plasmei;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049
arterioloconstrictia;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 contractia sfincterului
precapilar;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Inchiderea valvulelor atrioventriculare apare in
timpul uneia din componentele unui traseu EKG:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 intervalul T-P;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 segmentul
P-Q;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain \li0
\langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 complexul QRS;}{\fs20 \lang1049
\langfenp1049 segmentul izoelectric S-T;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049
\langfenp1049 unda T;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \uc1 \u1089 ?}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 s }{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 Stimularea
simpato-adrenergica are urmatoarele efecte asupra cordului cu o exceptie:}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 cresterea fortei de contractie;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049
\langfenp1049 cresterea volumului
final diastolic;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 reducerea volumului final
sistolic;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain
\langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cresterea consumului de oxigen in miocard;}
\langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 scurtarea intervalelor R-R pe EKG;}{\fs20
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfenp1049 Dupa o modificare brusca a presiunii arteriale in circulatia
sistemica, primul mecanism compensator care intervine este asigurat de:}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 baroreceptori din zonele reflexogene aortice si carotice;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 chemoreceptori din zonele mentionate;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049
\langfenp1049 volum receptorii atriali;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049
receptorii cerebrali ai refl}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
e}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 xului ''ischemic''al SNC;}
\langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 sistemul renina-angiotensina;}{\fs20
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Dupa micsorarea la jumatate a diametrului arteriolar
intr-un teritoriu, debitul circulator in el sufera una din modificarile de mai
jos:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain \li0
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 scade de 2 ori;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 scade de 4 ori;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 scade de
8 ori;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 scade de 16 ori;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 {\b1 \fs17 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 scade de 32 ori;}{\fs20
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs In timpul efortului fizic, unul din parametrii
homeostazei care nu creste este:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 volumul
de aer curent; }{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 debitul sistolic; }{\fs20
\langfenp1049 frecventa cardiaca;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
rezistenta periferica vasculara totala;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 presiunea
sistolica;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Reducerea elasticitatii peretilor arterelor mari
determina:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cresterea presiunii arteriale sistolice;}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cresterea presiunii arteriale diastolice;}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 scaderea vitezei de propagare a undei
pulsatile;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cresterea rezistentei vasculare totale;}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 toate consecintele de mai sus;}{\fs20
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfenp1049 sistem.card.m.g}{\b1 \fs17 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs CO2:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 este un
mediator al sinapsei neuro-musculare;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [x] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 este un
metabolit tisular vasodilatator;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
metabolit tisular vasoconstrictor;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
hormon presor prezent in circulatie;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
hormon depresor prezent in circulatie;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5 \lang2072 \langnp2072 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 0}{\b1
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 sistem.card.m.g}{\b1 \fs17 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Vasopresina:}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 este un mediator al sinapsei neuro-musculare;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 este un metabolit tisular vasodilatator;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 este un metabolit tisular vasoconstrictor;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 este un hormon presor prezent in circulatie;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 este un hormon depresor prezent in circulatie;}{\fs20 \lang1033
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Factorul natriuretic atrial:}{\fs20 \lang1033
\nowidctlpar \lin0
metabolit tisular vasodilatator;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
metabolit tisular vasoconstrictor;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
hormon presor prezent in circulatie;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
hormon depresor prezent in circulatie;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Angiotensina 2:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 este un hormon depresor prezent in circulatie;}{\fs20 \lang1033
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Acetilcolina:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 este un hormon depresor prezent in
circulatie;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Calitatile pulsului arterial, apreciate uzual
palpatoric sunt:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 frecventa si amplitudinea;
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 ritmul;
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 viteza;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 duritatea;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 toate;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Care este sectorul vascular cu rol de depozit de
singe:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 venos;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 capilar;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 arteriolar terminal si
metaarteriolar;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 aortic;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 al arterelor mici;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\loch \f5 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 Capitol: }{\fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Ce factor nu influenteaza transportul transcapilar:}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 debitul circulator capilar;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 presiunea efectiva de schimb;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 suprafata efectiva de filtrare;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 permeabilitatea peretelui capilar;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 glicemia;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Ce factor nu influenteaza viteza de curgere laminara a
singelui in artere:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 sistola ventriculara;
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 suprafata de sectiune a teritoriului
vascular; }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 debitul cardiac;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 pH-ul singelui;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 fazele
ciclului cardiac;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Acumularea de lichid in spatiul interstitial, in
cantitati neobisnuite(peste 30%fata normal) se numeste edem si este cauzata de:}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cresterea presiunii hidrostatice peste 35mmHg
in capilare;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 {\b1 \fs17 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 scaderea presiunii coloidosmotice}
{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 a plasmei}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 blocarea cailor limfatice;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 cresterea permeabilitatii capilare;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 toate;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Care este factorul principal care determina circulatia
venoasa:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 structura peretelui venos;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 contractiile izotonice ale musculaturii scheletice;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 gravitatia;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 aspiratia atriala si toracica;}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 forta de contractie a inimii;}{\fs20
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfenp1049 Tonusul vasoconstrictor simpatic scade prin stimularea:}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 presoreceptorilor carotidieni;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 chemoreceptorilor;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
algoreceptorilor;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 chemoreceptorilor sinocarotidieni;}
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 {\b1
\langfenp1049 tuturor acestor structuri;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Potentialul de actiune al fibrei miocardice se
deosebeste de al fibrei scheletice:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [x] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 durata
mai lunga;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 durata mai scurta;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 intensitate mai mare;}{\fs20 \lang1031 \langnp1031 \langfe1049
intensitate mai mica;}{\fs20 \lang1031 \langnp1031 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 nu se deosebeste;}{\fs20
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\loch \f5 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 }{\fs17 \dbch \af5 \hich
\af5 \loch \f5 \lang2072 \langnp2072 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 0}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Durata perioadei refractare absolute a fibrei
miocardice depinde de:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 amplitudinea potentialului de
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 durata platoului potentialului de actiune;}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 durata perioadei refractare relative;}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 amplitudinea potentialului de actiune;}{\fs20
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 sistem.card.m.g}{\b1 \fs17 \dbch \af5
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Ce tulburare a ritmului cardiac
este letala in citeva minute:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
extrasistola atriala;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 extrasistola ventriculara;}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 fluterul atrial;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 fibrilatia atriala;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
fibrilatia ventriculara;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Ce semnificatie are segmentul izoelectric ST normal
pe EKG:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 inima nu este excitata;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 volumul inimii ramine neschimbat;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 toate zonele ventriculului sunt inegal polarizate;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 excitatia a ajuns in celulele Purkinje;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 ventriculele sint depolarizate}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 in intregime}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Vasoconstrictia arteriolara determina:}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 cresterea rezistentei vasculare;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 scaderea presiunii
hidrostatice in capilare;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 resorbtia de lichid in capilare;}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cresterea presiunii arteriale;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 toate raspunsurile}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 corecte}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 ;}
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Teritoriul vascular cu cea mai mare capacitate de
schimb in cm2 este reprezentat de:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 arterele
mari;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 arteriole;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 capilare;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 venele mari;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 arterele si venele mari;}{\fs20 \lang1031 \langnp1031 \langfe1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Prin legea ''totul sau nimic'' se intelege:}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 contractia simultana a fibrelor miocardice;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 contractia fibrelor in dependenta de intensitatea stimulului;}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 stimulii puternici determina tetanus cei
slabi nu;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 inexcitabilitatea fibrei miocardice in
perioada refractara absoluta;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain \li0
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 raspunsul miocardului prin contractii maxime
la stimuli pragali sau suprapragali , sau lipsa raspunsului la stimuli
subpragali;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Care este frecventa cardiaca, daca intervalul dintre 2
unde R pe EKG este de 0.6 sec:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 60
contractii-minut;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 80 c-m;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 90 c-m;}{\fs20 \lang1031 \langnp1031 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1031 \langnp1031 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 100 c-m;}{\fs20 \lang1031
\langfenp1049 120 c-m;}{\fs20 \lang1031 \langnp1031 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfenp1049 Modificarile rezistentei vasculare periferice ,cu influenta asupra
fluxului sanguin tisular au loc la nivelul:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 capilarelor;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
arterelor;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 arteriolelor;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 D.venulelor;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 venelor;}
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfenp1049 Ce efecte are stimularea fibrelor nervoase simpatice asupra inimii:}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 creste forta de contractie si se intensifica
metabolismul;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 se accelereaza ritmul;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 creste viteza de conducere si tonusul;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 scade excitabilitatea;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
raspunsurile corecte;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \tab }
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfenp1049 Nodulul sinoatrial este focarul principal de automatism deoarece:}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 este localizat in peretele posterior al
atriului drept;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 este dotat cu automatism;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 vagul drept face sinapsa la acest nivel;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 are o frecventa mai mare de descarcare spontana ca restul centrelor
de automatism;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 contine cardiomiocite atipice;}
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfenp1049 Ce indice al activitatii cardiace nu ofera EKG:}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 a) }{\fs17 \dbch
{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 ritmul;
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 excitabilitatea;
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 forta de contractie;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 irigatia sanguina;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
conductibilitatea;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfenp1049 Diastola electrica corespunde pe EKG:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 segmentelor ST si TP; }{\fs20
\langfenp1049 segmentului TP; }
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 segmentului ST;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 segmentului PQ;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 este suma
tuturor segmentelor;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfenp1049 Frecventa cardiaca in repaus la o persoana sanatoasa de 20 ani
depinde de: }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 gradul de antrenament;
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 greutate;
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 inaltime;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049
\langfenp1049 rasa;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 Esex;}{\fs20 \lang1033
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfenp1049 Ce efecte au ionii de Ca asupra musculaturii cardiace:}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 accelereaza ritmul;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 pot opri
inima in sistola;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \tab }
{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 }
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cupleaza excitatia cu contractia;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 determina repolarizarea lenta in platou;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfenp1049 Ce reprezinta pe EKG unda P:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
repolarizarea atriala;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 depolarizarea atriala;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 depolar}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 i}
{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 zarea ventriculului drept;}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 depolarizarea ventriculului sting;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 repolarizarea ventriculelor;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 {\fs17
\dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 }
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Cum explicati faptul ca unda T este
pozitiva pe EKG in derivetiile standarde la un adult sanatos:}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 caracterul pozitiv este stabilit conventional;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 repolarizarea se face din zona epicardului spre endocardul
ventricular;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 vectorul de depolarizare este orientat
dinspre zona electronegativa spre cea electropozitiva;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 depolarizarea ventriculara incepe subendocardic si se indreapta spre
epicard;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 unda T reprezinta transmiterea excitatiei
prin fibrele Purkinje;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfenp1049 Pe electrocardiograma, standartizarea se face prin calibrarea
aparatului cu test etalonul astfel ca:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 0.1mV sa
corespunda unei deflexiuni de 5mm;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 0.1mV sa
corespunda unei deflexiuni de 1cm;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [x] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 1mV sa
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1031 \langnp1031 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 1mV sa
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1031 \langnp1031 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 1mV sa
corespunda unei deflexiuni de 0.5 mm;}{\fs20 \lang1031 \langnp1031 \langfe1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\f5 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 Punctajul: }{\fs17 \dbch
\af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 10}{\fs20
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 Ciclul cardiac dureaza 0.8 sec pentru frecventa de
75contractii-min. Ce }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 perioada din cursul ciclului cardiac are durata cea
mai mica:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 protodiastola;
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 umplerea rapida diastolica;
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 sistola atriala;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 ejectia rapida; }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 ejectia
lenta;}{\fs17 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfenp1049 Presiunea din ventriculul sting devine superioara celei din aorta si
singele poate fi expulzat prin deschiderea valvulelor semilunare in cursul:}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 A.sistolei atriale;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 B.umplerii rapide diastolice;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 C.fazei de contractie izovolumetrica;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 D.ejectiei rapide;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
E.intregii sistole ventriculare;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfenp1049 Ce factor nu contribuie la generarea zgomotelor cardiace:
\langfenp1049 vibratia valvelor inimii dupa inchiderea lor;
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 deplasarea singelui spre valvele inchise;}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 curgerea turbulenta a singelui in vase; }
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 curgerea laminara a singelui in vase;}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 vibratia peretilor inimii si vaselor;}
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfenp1049 Cind are loc inchiderea valvelor semilunare aortice:}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 dupa expulzarea intregii cantitati de singe din ventricul;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 cind se contracta muschii papilari;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 la cresterea presiunii arteriale;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 la cresterea presiunii din ventriculul sting;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 cind presiunea aortica devine superioara celei ventriculare;}
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfenp1049 Presiunea arteriala este conditionata de:}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 forta de contractie a inimii si rezistenta vasculara;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 debitul cardiac;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
elasticitatea vaselor mari;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \nowidctlpar
\langfenp1049 volumul si viscozitatea singelui;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfenp1049 La o persoana in pozitie orizontala cea mai mare diferenta a
presiunii sanguine va fi dintre:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 aorta
ascendenta si artera brahiala;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 vena
safena si atriul drept;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 artera femorala si vena femorala;}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 artera pulmonara si atriul sting;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 capatul arterial si venos al capilarului;}{\fs20 \lang1033
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfenp1049 Distribuirea fluxului sangvin este reglata in primul rind de:}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 capilare;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 arteriole;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 venule;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 anastomoze arterio-venoase;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 venule postcapilare;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 {\fs17 \dbch \af5
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 Care din urmatorii factori este cel mai important pentru
reglarea fluxului sangvin la nivel local:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 diferenta presiunii transmurale vas-tesut;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 activitatea metabolica a organului sau tesutului;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 neurotransmitatori locali;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 neurotransmitatori circulanti;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 debitul cardiac;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfenp1049 Cel mai important mecanism pentru transportul singe-tesut a
particulelor hidrofile mici este :}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
convectia;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 difuzia facilitata;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 transportul activ;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [x] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 difuzia
simpla;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cotransportul;}{\fs20 \lang1033
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfenp1049 Toate urmatoarele
mecanisme vor mari fluxul transcapilar a substantelor lichide, solide si a
gazelor cu exceptia:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cresterea suprafetei retelei
capilare;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cresterii gradientului de concentratie de
ambele parti a peretelui microvascular; }
\langnp1031 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cresterii distantei de difuzie;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 cresterii timpului de tranzit a capilarului;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 micsorarii rezistentei arteriolare;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfenp1049 Viteza fluxului limfatic pe zi este aproximativ:}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 10-20 l/zi;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 100-200 ml/zi;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 10-20 ml/ora;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [x] }{\fs20 \lang1031 \langnp1031 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 1.5-2
l/zi;}{\fs20 \lang1031 \langnp1031 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain
\langnp1031 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 1-2 ml/ora;}{\fs20 \lang1031 \langnp1031
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfenp1049 s Intoarcerea venoasa este marita in timpul efortului fizic de toti
urmaritorii factori cu exceptia:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cresterii
profunzimii respiratiei;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 actiunii pompa a muschilor
scheletici;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\lang1031 \langnp1031 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 c)
venoconstrictiei;}{\fs20 \lang1031 \langnp1031 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1031 \langnp1031 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 rezistentei arteriolare reduse;}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 pozitiei verticale;}{\fs20 \lang1033
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs In vitro, contractiile inimii nu sunt influentate de:}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 temperatura;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 oxigenul din lichidul de perfuzie;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 concentratia unor ioni;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
mediatori;}{\fs20 \lang1031 \langnp1031 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1031 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 inervatia vegetativa;}{\fs20 \lang1031
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfenp1049 O EKG pe care nu se depisteaza unda P in nici o derivatie indica un
bloc al impulsurilor care vin din:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [x] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 nodulul
sinoatrial;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 fasciculul His;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 fibre Purchinje;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 ramura
stinga a fasciculului His;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 muschiul
ventricular;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Presiunea diastolica finala a
ventriculului poate fi folosita pe axa X la construirea curbei Franc-Starling in
locul variabilei obisnuite care este:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 debitul
cardiac;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 volumul sistolic ventricular;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 lucrul inimii;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 contractilitatea ventriculara;}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 volumul diastolic final ventricular;}
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfenp1049 Cresterea presarcinii muschiului cardiac va provoca:}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 reducerea presiunii diastolice finale ventriculare;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 reducerea tensiunii maximale a muschiului;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 micsorarea vitezei initiale de scurtare;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 micsorarea timpului necesar muschiului pentru dezvoltarea tensiunii
maximale;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 marirea tensiunii peretelui ventricular;}
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049
\langfenp1049 Care din urmatoarele fenomene este reprezentat pe EKG:}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 depolarizarea nodulului sinoatrial;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 depolarizarea nodulului atrioventricular;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 depolarizarea fasciculului His;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 depolarizarea fasciculului Bachmann;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 depolarizarea muschiului atrial;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfenp1049 Timpul de la inceputul ascensiunii curbei pulsatile a arterei
carotide pina la incizura corespunde cu:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 {\fs20 \lang1033
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 diastola atriala;
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 ejectia ventriculara;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 umplerea ventriculara suplimentara;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 umplerea ventriculara rapida;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 relaxarea ventriculara izovolumetrica;}{\fs20 \lang1033
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfenp1049 In timpul diastolei fluxul sanguin in ventricule va produce:}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 primul zgomot cardiac;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langnp1033
\langfenp1049 al doilea zgomot cardiac;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [x] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 al
treilea zgomot cardiac;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par
\lang1031 \langnp1031 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 deschiderea valvei aortei;}
\langnp1031 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 suflu de ejectie;}{\fs20 \lang1031
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfenp1049 Micsorarea frecventei cardiace va provoca cresterea:}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 presiunii arteriale diastolice;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 presiunii arteriale sistolice;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 debitului cardiac;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [x] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 presiunii
arteriale pulsatile; }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 presiunii
arteriale medii;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfenp1049 Cea mai mare diferenta arterio-venoasa a continutului O2 in repaus se
depisteaza in:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 ficat;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 muschi scheletici;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [x] }{\fs20 \lang1031 \langnp1031 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 inima;}
\langnp1031 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 rinichi;}{\fs20 \lang1031 \langnp1031
\langfenp1049 plamini;}{\fs20
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfenp1049 Stimularea baroreceptorilor arteriali va conduce la:}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 cresterea contractilitatii cardiace;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 cresterea frecventei cardiace;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 cresterea frecventei impulsatiei neuronilor vagali cardiaci
eferenti;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cresterea presiunii sangvine sistemice;}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 stimularea centrului vasopresor;}{\fs20
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfenp1049 Zgomotul cardiac 2 va surveni in urmatoarea faza a ciclului cardiac:}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 contractia atriala;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 contractia izovolumetrica;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 expulzarea ventriculara rapida;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 expulzarea ventriculara lenta;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 relaxarea izovolumetrica;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5 \lang1033
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 sistem.card.m.g}{\b1 \fs17 \dbch \af5
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 Volumul ventricular va deveni maximal in:}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 contractia atriala;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
expulzarea ventriculara rapida;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
expulzarea ventriculara lenta;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 relaxarea
izovolumetrica;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfenp1049 Inchiderea valvulelor atrioventriculare va coincide cu inceputul
urmatoarei faze a ciclului cardiac:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
contractia atriala;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 contractia izovolumetrica;}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 expulzarea ventriculara rapida;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 expulzarea ventriculara lenta;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 relaxarea izovolumetrica;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfenp1049 Deschiderea valvei aortice va coincide cu inceputul urmatoarei faze a
ciclului cardiac:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 contractia atriala;}{\fs20
expulzarea ventriculara rapida;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
expulzarea ventriculara lenta;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
izovolumetrica;}{\fs17 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5 \lang1033 \langnp1033
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfenp1049 Marirea presiunii arteriale diastolice se observa in:}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 hiperemia functionala;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 actiunea
histaminei;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 hipertensiune;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 modificarea PCO2;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 scaderea
presiunii capilare;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfenp1049 Reglarea circulatiei sangvine cerebrale se efectuiaza de catre:}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 hiperemia functionala;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 histamina;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 hipertensiune;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 PCO2;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
[ ] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 presiunea capilara;}
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfenp1049 Cresterea permeabilitatii microvasculare este indusa de:}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 hiperemia functionala;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
histamina;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 hipertensiune;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 PCO2;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 presiunea capilara;}{\fs20
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfenp1049 Cum se prezinta cardiomiocitele ventriculare din punct de vedere al
excitabilitatii la sfirsitul fazei de repolarizare:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 hipoexcitabila-perioada refractara relativa;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 inexcitabila - perioada refractara absoluta;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 hiperexcitabila;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
excitabilitate normala;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
Capitol: }{\fs17 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 sistem.card.m.g}{\b1 \fs17 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Cum este inima din punct de vedere al excitabilitatii
in faza initiala a sistolei ventriculare:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 inexcitabila;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
excitabilitate scazuta;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 excitabilitate marita;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 excitabilitate normala;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfenp1049 Cum se realizeaza adaptarea heterometrica a inimii:}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 cresterea fortei de contractie se face fara modificarea dimensiunii
sarcomerului;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cresterea fortei de contractie se face prin
hipertrofia muschiului cardac;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
fortei de contractie se face prin extensia fibrei musculare cardiace;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 cresterea fortei de contractie se face prin influente neuro-umorale;}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cresterea fortei de contractie se face prin
modificarea componentei ionice a plasmei sangvine;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfenp1049 Prin metoda palpatorie (Riva-Rocci) de determinare a presiunii
arteriale putem afla:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 presiunea arteriala sistolica;}
{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 presiunea arteriala diastolica;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 presiunea sistolica si presiunea arteriala diastolica;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 presiunea arteriala medie;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 presiunea diferentiala;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfenp1049 Prin presiunea arteriala medie se intelege:}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 suma presiunii maxime si minime;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\f7 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 presiunea diastolica +1/3 din
presiunea pulsatil\uc1 \u259 ?;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 valoarea medie a presiunii din arborele circulator;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 diferenta dintre presiunea arteriala sistolica si diastolica;}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 toate raspunsurile corecte;}{\fs20 \lang1033
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs }{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1033
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 Prin presiunea arteriala pulsatil\uc1 \u259 ?
se intelege:}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 diferenta dintre presiunea arteriala medie si diastolica;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 diferenta dintre presiunea arteriala sistolica si cea medie;}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 diferenta dintre presiunea arteriala medie in
arterele mari si presiunea in arteriole;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 diferenta dintre presiunea arteriala
sistolica si cea diastolica;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfenp1049 Miocardul nu se poate tetaniza deoarece:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 este un sincitiu;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 valoarea
potentialului de repaus al cardiomiocitului ventricular reprezinta cca -90mV;}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 amplitudinea potentialului de actiune al
cardiomiocitului ventricular este de 120-130mV;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 perioada refractara dureaza atit timp cit dureaza sistola;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 motive necunoscute inca;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfenp1049 Ce elemente de pe EKG au amplitudinea cea mai mare in derivatiile
standart:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 unda T;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 unda P;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 unda U;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 complexul QRS}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
(unda R)}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 ;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 undele T si P;}{\fs20 \lang1031 \langnp1031 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\par }\pard
\langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 {\fs17 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 }{\b1 \fs17 \dbch \af5 \hich
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 393).}{\b1 \fs17 \dbch \af5
\langfenp1049 Cind are loc terminarea repolarizarii ventriculare:}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 in cursul segmentului PQ;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 in cursul
segmentului ST;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 la sfirsitul undei S;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 dupa unda T sau dupa unda U;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfenp1049 In ce situatie are loc scaderea debitului cardiac:}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 emotii; }{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049
\langfenp1049 anemii;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 efort fizic;}{\fs20 \lang1049
\langfenp1049 mediu supraincalzit;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049
hipotiroidism;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfenp1049
Care din urmatoarele afirmatii privind umplerea ventriculara este }{\fs20
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 corecta}{\fs20 \lang1049
\langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 :}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049
sistola atriala se realizeaza o umplere de cca 25%;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049
\langfenp1049 faza umplerii ventriculare rapide incepe in momentul deschiderii
valvelor atrioventriculare;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 umplerea
ventriculara lenta urmeaza celei rapide si se termina la inceperea sistolei
atriale;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 volumul cavitatilor ventriculare creste in
timpul diastolei}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
ventriculare}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 pina la 110-
120ml;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain
\langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 toate }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 sunt corecte}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfenp1049 Care este debitul cardiac intr-un minut, daca continutul oxigenului
in singele arterial }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 este }
{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 18vol%, venos}{\fs20
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 -}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 13vol%, iar consumul lui -
250ml/min:}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 {\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 }{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [x] }{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 5}
{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 }{\fs20 \lang1049
\langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 l}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 /}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 min; }
\langfenp1049 b) }{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] 15}
\langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 l}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 /}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 min;
l}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 /}{\fs20 \lang1049
\langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 min }{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \tab }{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 20}{\fs20
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 l}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 /}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 min;}
l}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 /}{\fs20 \lang1049
\langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 min;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\par }\pard
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs In ce consta importanta fiziologica a conducerii
incetinite a excitatiei la nivelul nodulului atrioventricular A-V:}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 pentru autoexcitarea nodulului atrioventricular;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 deschiderea valvelor atrioventriculare;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 inchiderea valvelor atrioventriculare;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 asigurarea succesivitatii contractiilor atriilor si ventriculelor si
umplerea suplimentara a ventriculelor;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Ce reprezinta fractia de ejectie:}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 cantitatea de singe expulzata de ventricul intr-un minut;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 diferenta dintre volumul telediastolic si telesistolic;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 partea (in procente) din volumul telediastolic expulzata in sistola
ventriculara;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 raportul dintre volumele telesistolic si
telediastolic;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cantitatea de singe expulzata de
ventricul intr-o sistola;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Fazele modificarii excitabilitatii cardiomiocitului
pe parcursul potentialului
de actiune vor avea urmatoarea succesivitate:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 perioada supranormala, refractara relativa, refractara absoluta;}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 perioada refractara relativa, refractara
absoluta, supranormala;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 perioada refractara absoluta,
supranormala, refractara relativa;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [x] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 perioada
refractara absoluta, refractara relativa, supranormala;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 perioada refractara absoluta, excitabilitate normala, perioada
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Prin ce se caracterizeaza extrasistola ventriculara:}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 complex ventricular neschimbat, pauza
compensatorie completa;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 complex ventricular modificat,
dilatat, pauza compensatorie incompleta;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 complex ventricular modificat, dilatat, pauza compensatorie
completa;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 complex ventricular neschimbat, pauza
compensatorie incompleta;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 complex ventricular modificat,
dilatat, fara pauza compensatorie;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Blocul atrioventricular de gradul I se caracterizeaza
pe ECG prin:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 interval P-Q cu durata 0,12-0,20 sec;}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 interval P-Q mai mare de 0,20 sec;}{\fs20
\lisa0 \nowidctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24
\af5 \loch \f5 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 c) }{\fs17 \dbch
{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 unda P nu este urmata de
complexul QRS;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 atriile se contracta intr-un ritm,
iar ventriculele in altul;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
modulul atrioventricular se transmite fiecare al doilea impuls atrial;}{\fs20
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfenp1049 Trecerea undei de depolarizare din nodulul sinoatrial la nodulul
atrioventricular se poate face prin:}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 fibre
nodale;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 tracturi internodale;}{\fs20 \lang1049
\langfenp1049 tesutul miocardic atrial;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049
fasciculul His; }{\fs20 \lang1049
\langfenp1049 toate raspunsurile }{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 corecte;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfenp1049 Ce modificari ionice au loc in cursul depolarizarii lente
diastolice:}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 creste permeabilitatea pentru K in celulele
\langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 creste permeabilitatea pentru Cl in celulele
\langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 influx lent de Na in celulele nodale;}
\langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 influx lent de Ca in celulele nodale; }
\langfenp1049 scaderea permeabilitatii pentru Cl in celulele nodale;}{\fs20
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm. }{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 Potentialul de actiune al celulelor nodale sinusale ''pacemaker''
fiziologic dominant se deosebeste de potentialul de actiune al
fibrelor musculare miocardice prin:}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049
amplitudinea mai mare;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 valoarea mai mare a potentialului
de repaus;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 depolarizarea lenta si spontana diastolica;}
\langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 durata mai mare;
\langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 lipsa platoului potentialului de actiune;}
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfenp1049 Cum explicati efectul bradicardizant al SN}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 parasimpatic si al acetilcolinei asupra ritmului cardiac:}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 cresterea permeabilitatii pentru K a membranelor celulelor nodale;}
\langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cresterea pragului de depolarizare a
celulelor nodale;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 scaderea permeabilitatii pentru K
in celulele nodale;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cresterea permeabilitatii pentru
Na in celulele nodale; }{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cresterea
}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 permeabilitatii }{\fs20
\lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 pentru Ca in celulele nodale;}
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
}{\b1 \fs17 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm }{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 In ce momente a}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 le}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 revolutiei
cardiace sint inchise toate valvele inimii:}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049
\langfenp1049 {\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 }
\langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 sistola atriala; }
\langfenp1049 b) }{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ]
sistola ventriculara; }{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049
\langfenp1049 umplerea rapida diastolica;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049
\langfenp1049 contractia izovolumetrica ventriculara;}{\fs20 \lang1049
\langfenp1049 relaxarea izovolumetrica ventriculara;}{\fs20 \lang1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfenp1049 Prin denervarea inimii se produce:}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049
\langfenp1049 intreruperea influentelor vegetative;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049
\langfenp1049 oprirea contractiilor ritmice ale miocardului;}{\fs20 \lang1049
\langfenp1049 cres}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 t}
{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 erea frecventei
contractiilor cardiace;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par
\lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 oprirea transmiterii excitatiei
prin nodulul atrioventricular;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 rarirea
contractiilor inimii;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\nowidctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0
\langfenp1049 10}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \uc1 \u1089
?}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 m }{\fs20 \lang1049
\langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 Cui se datoreste socul apexian:}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 tensiunii arteriale;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049
automatismului cardiac;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par
\lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 deschiderii valvelor
atrioventriculare;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 modificarilor de forma, consistenta
si pozitie a inimii in sistola;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [x] }{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 izbirii
virfului inimii in perioada sistolei ventriculare de peretele cutiei toracice;}
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfenp1049 In ce situatii are loc cresterea debitului cardiac:}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 {\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 emotii; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049
\lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] infarct;
\langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 anemii; }{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049
\langfenp1049 hipotiroidism;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 mediu supraincalzit;}{\fs20
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfenp1049 Cum explicati efectul tahicardizant al SN simpatic si catecolaminelor
asupra ritmului cardiac:}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 mareste permeabilitatea membranei
celulelor nodale pentru Na si Ca ;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049
\rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 d}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 etermina un
potential de repaus al celulelor nodale mai putin negativ;}{\fs20 \lang1049
\langfenp1049 amplifica panta depolarizarii diastolice a celulelor nodale;}
\langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 mareste permeabilitatea pentru K in
celulele nodale;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 provoaca hiperpolarizarea celulelor nodale;}
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs20
\langfenp1049 sistem.card.m.g}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 Zgomotul II diastolic cu frecventa si tonalitate ridicata si durata
mai mica comparativ cu zgomotul I nu este generat de :}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049
\langfenp1049 umplerea rapida a ventriculelor in diastola;}{\fs20 \lang1049
\langfenp1049 inchiderea si vibratia valvelor semilunare;}{\fs20 \lang1049
\langfenp1049 vibratia singelui si peretilor arteriali la inceputul diastolei
ventriculare;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 vibratia singelui si peretilor atriali;}
\langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 curgerea laminara a singelui in inima;}{\fs20
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfenp1049 Sistola ventriculara dureaza de la :}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049
\langfenp1049 inceputul undei Q pina la sfirsitul udei T pe ECG;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 inceputul zgomotului I pina la inceputul zgomotului II;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 sfirsitul zgomotului I pina la sfirsitul zgomotului II;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 inchiderea valvelor atrioventriculare pina la deschiderea valvelor
semilunare;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 e) }{\fs17
[ ] }{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 toate raspunsurile
corecte;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm .}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 Zgomotul I - sistolic - este generat de :}{\fs20 \lang1049
\langfenp1049 A.vibratia peretilor aortici si ai arterei pulmonare la inceputul
expulzarii singelui din ventricule;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049
B.contractia brusca izovolumetrica a ventriculelor si vibratia singelui spre
valvele atrioventriculare inchise;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049
C.inchiderea si vibratia valvelor atrioventriculare;}{\fs20 \lang1049
\langfenp1049 D.deschiderea valvelor atrioventriculare;}{\fs20 \lang1049
\langfenp1049 E.vibratia peretilor atriali in timpul sistolei;}{\fs20 \lang1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfenp1049 Potentialul de actiune in fibra miocardica de lucru:}{\fs20 \lang1049
\langfenp1049 dureaza mai mult in fibra musculara atriala decat in cea
ventriculara;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 incepe prin deschiderea canalelor lente de Na
si Ca;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain
\langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 este precedat de o depolarizare lenta
diastolica;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 are o faza de platou in cursul careia
conductibilitatea pentru Ca este marita;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049
\langfenp1049 dureaza cca 0,30 secunde in fibra ventriculara;}{\fs20 \lang1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfenp1049 415).}{\b1 \fs17 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5 \lang1033
{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm }{\fs20 \lang1049
\langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 Cand presiunea arteriala se masoara cu
metoda auscultatorie:}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 primul zgomot care se aude
corespunde presiunii sistolice;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 zgomotele
Korotkov se transmit de la nivel cardiac;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049
\langfenp1049 presiunea diastolica corespunde zgomotului de maxima intensitate;}
\langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 presiunea diastolica corespunde ultimului
zgomot,}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 }{\fs20
\lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 care se aude;}{\fs20 \lang1049
\langfenp1049 valoarea presiunii sistolice este inferioara celei care poate fi
obtinuta}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langfenp1049 prin metoda palpatorie;}{\fs20
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfenp1049 In fibrilatia atriala :}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 nu exista
nici un semn de activitate electrica atriala pe ECG;}{\fs20 \lang1049
\langfenp1049 unda P este inlocuita pe ECG de oscilatii foarte frecvente si putin
ample;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain
\langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 ritmul ventricular este determinat de un
pacemaker ventricular;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 complexele QRS au o frecventa
regulata;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain
\langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 complexele QRS au o frecventa neregulata;}
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm }{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 Selectati afirmatiile corecte in legatura cu circulatia
in sistemul vascular :}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 debitul circulator intr-un vas
variaza direct proportional cu raza vasului la puterea a patra;}{\fs20 \lang1049
\langfenp1049 debitul circulator intr-un vas variaza direct proportional cu
patratul razei vasului;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par
\lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 rezistenta totala intr-un sistem de
vase conectate in paralel este mai mare }{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049
decit suma rezistentelor individuale ale conductelor vasculare componente;}
\langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 debitul circulator intr-un vas variaza direct
proportional cu viscozitatea singelui;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049
rezistenta unui vas este direct proportionala cu lungimea sa;}{\fs20 \lang1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Muschiul cardiac are urmatoarele particularitati:}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 fiecare cardiomiocit se contracta in ritmul
sau propriu;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 miocitele din atrii sau ventricule se
contracta sincronizat;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 contractiile tetanice sunt
prelungite cu mici cheltueli de ATP;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [x] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 nu se
contracta tetanic;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 perioada refractara are o durata
aproximativ egala cu durata sistolei;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Selectati afirmatiile corecte cu privire la
fiziologia inimii:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\hich \af5 \loch \f5 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 sistola ventriculara corespunde intervalului QT pe ECG;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 diastola ventriculara corespunde intervalului RR pe ECG;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 cresterea umplerii ventriculare diastolice va micsora contractia
ventriculara ulterioara;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cresterea umplerii ventriculare
diastolice va amplifica contractia ventriculara ulterioara;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 excesul ionilor de potasiu in lichidul extracelular provoaca
bradicardie;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Din sistemul excito-conductor al inimii fac parte:}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 miocitele ventriculare contractile;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 nodulul sinusal;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
fasciculul His;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 nodulul atrio-ventricular;}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 valvele atrio-ventriculare;}{\fs20
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Care sunt efectele stimularii vagale asupra
activitatii cardiace: }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 creste contractilitatea inimii;}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 creste conductibilitatea cardiaca;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 scade conductibilitatea cardiaca;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfe1049
\langfenp1049 scade excitabilitatea cardiaca;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 scade frecventa contractiilor cardiace}{\fs17 \dbch \af5 \hich
\af5 \loch \f5 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 ;}{\b1 \fs17
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Extrasistola atriala se caracterizeaza pe ECG prin:}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 complex ventricular modificat, largit;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 complex ventricular nemodificat;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] pauza compensatorie completa;}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 pauza compensatorie incompleta;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 unda T are un potential opus complexului QRS;}{\fs20 \lang1033
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Care din urmatoarele substante are actiune
vasoconstrictoare:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\langfenp1049 angiotensina;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
bradikinina;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 ionii de calciu;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 histamina; }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\par }\pard \plain \li0 \ri0
\loch \f5 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 sistem.card.m.g}{\b1
cm Care sunt efectele excitarii baroreceptorilor in conditiile de crestere a
presiunii arteriale:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cresterea rezistentei vasculare
periferice;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 scaderea rezistentei vasculare periferice;}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 scaderea frecventei contractiilor cardiace;}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cresterea frecventei contractiilor cardiace;}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 inhibarea centrului vagal din bulbul
rahidian;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Cum se vor modifica urmatorii parametri ai
circulatiei in efortul fizic:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [x] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 debitul
cardiac creste;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 presiunea arteriala creste;}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 debitul cardiac nu se modifica;}{\fs20
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 presiunea}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 arteriala nu se modifica;}{\fs20 \lang1049
\langfenp1049 presiunea arteriala scade;}{\fs17 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Selectati afirmatiile corecte privitor la
manifestarile acustice ale activitatii cardiace:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 a) }{\fs17 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 primul zgomot este asociat cu inchiderea
valvelor atrioventriculare la inceputul sistolei ventriculare;}{\fs20 \lang1049
\langfenp1049 al doilea zgomot este asociat cu inchiderea valvelor semilunare la
inceputul diastolei ventriculare;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 zgomotul
trei este conditionat de deschiderea valvelor semilunare;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 zgomotul patru poate fi auzit la inceputul diastolei ventriculare;}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 pe fonocardiograma intervalul de la inceputul
zgomotului II pina la inceputul zgomotului I corespunde diastolei ventriculare;}
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Propagarea
poten\uc1 \u355 ?ialului de ac\uc1 \u355 ?iune prin inim\uc1 \u259 ? se
realizeaz\uc1 \u259 ? cel mai lent prin:}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 musculatura atrial\uc1
\langfenp1049 nodulul atrio-ventricular;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langfenp1049 fasciculul Hiss;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 re\uc1 \u355 ?eaua Purkinje;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7
\af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 musculatura
ventricular\uc1 \u259 ?;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Ciclul cardiac
reprezint\uc1 \u259 ?:}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
num\uc1 \u259 ?rul b\uc1 \u259 ?t\uc1 \u259 ?ilor cardiace pe minut;}{\fs20
suma duratelor sistolelor \uc1 \u351 ?i diastolelor cardiace pe minut;}{\fs20
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 suma duratelor sistoleor
ventriculare pe minut;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
ansamblul func\uc1 \u355 ?ional format dintr-o sistol\uc1 \u259 ? \uc1 \u351 ?i
diastol\uc1 \u259 ? cardiac\uc1 \u259 ?;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 ansamblul format dintr-o
sistol\uc1 \u259 ? atrial\uc1 \u259 ? \uc1 \u351 ?i o sistol\uc1 \u259 ?
ventricular\uc1 \u259 ?;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm. Iriga\uc1 \u355 ?ia
miocardului este afectat\uc1 \u259 ? \uc1 \u238 ?n caz de:}{\fs20 \dbch \af7
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 scurtare a diastolei;}{\fs20 \lang1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cre\uc1 \u351 ?tere a
volemiei;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 hipotensiune arterial\uc1 \u259
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 coronaroconstric\uc1 \u355 ?ie;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7
\hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 hipertensiune
arterial\uc1 \u259 ?;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Relaxarea
ventricular\uc1 \u259 ? izovolumetric\uc1 \u259 ? corespunde pe EKG:}{\fs20
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 undei P;}{\fs20 \lang1048
\langfenp1049 complexului QRS;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 undei
R.;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 d) }{\fs17 \dbch \af5 \hich
\af5 \loch \f5 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [x] }{\fs20
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 undei T;}{\fs20 \lang1048
\langfenp1049 segmetului ST;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Sistola atrial\uc1
\u259 ?:}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 este urmat\uc1 \u259 ? de unda
P;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 contribuie 70% la umplerea ventricular\uc1 \u259 ?;}
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 determin\uc1 \u259 ? unda a pe flebogram\uc1 \u259 ?;}
\langfenp1049 [x] }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 d}
\langfenp1049 etermin\uc1 \u259 ? zgomotul IV;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 corespunde zgomotului I;}{\fs20 \lang1048
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs .\uc1 \u206 ?
ntoarcerea venoas\uc1 \u259 ? sistemic\uc1 \u259 ? este favorizat\uc1 \u259 ? de:}
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 contrac\uc1 \u355 ?iile musculaturii}{\fs20 \lang1048
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 scheletice;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cre\uc1 \u351 ?terea presiunii
abdominale;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 negativitatea accentuat\uc1
\u259 ? a presiunii intratoracice;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048
presiunii \uc1 \u238 ?n atriul drept;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7
corecte;}{\fs20 \dbch
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Reducerea
elasticit\uc1 \u259 ?\uc1 \u355 ?ii pere\uc1 \u355 ?ilor vaselor mari
determin\uc1 \u259 ?:}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048
arteriale sistolice;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048
arteriale diastolice;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048
rezisten\uc1 \u355 ?ei musculare;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7
\langfenp1049 s}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 c\uc1 \u259 ?derea vitezei de propagare a undei
pulsatile;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
cele de mai sus;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs \uc1 \u206 ?n cursul
sistolei ventriculare se expulzeaz\uc1 \u259 ? o cantitate de s\uc1 \u226 ?nge de:}
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 30-40
ml;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 50-60 ml;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langfenp1049 70-80 ml;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 90-100 ml;}{\fs20 \lang1048
\langfenp1049 100-110 ml;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfenp1049 cs \uc1 \u206 ?n condi\uc1 \u355 ?ii de repaus, debitul card}
{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 iac (circulator) la adult
este de:}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 3 l/min;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langfenp1049 5 l/min;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 7 l/min;}{\fs20 \lang1048
\langfenp1049 7-8 l/min;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 E. 10 l/min;}{\fs20 \lang1048
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Prin presiune }{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 sistolic\uc1 \u259 ? se \uc1
\u238 ?n\uc1 \u355 ?elege:}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 presiunea arterial\uc1
\u259 ? \uc1 \u238 ?n timpul \uc1 \u238 ?ntregii sistole;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7
\hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 presiunea
arterial\uc1 \u259 ? la \uc1 \u238 ?nceputul diastolei;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich
\hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 valoarea
maxim\uc1 \u259 ? a presiunii \uc1 \u238 ?n artere, \uc1 \u238 ?n sistol\uc1
\langfenp1049 valoarea medie a presiunii \uc1 \u1086 ?n artere, }{\fs20 \dbch
\af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \uc1
\u238 ?n sistol\uc1 \u259 ?;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048
\langfenp1049 toate raspunsurile corecte}{\fs17 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 Punctajul: }{\fs17 \dbch \af5 \hich
\af5 \loch \f5 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 10}{\fs20 \dbch
\af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Care
din teritoriul vascular este lipsit de inerva\uc1 \u355 ?ie?}{\fs20 \lang1048
\langfenp1049 arterolar;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 venos;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langfenp1049 capilar;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] arterial;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 microcircula\uc1 \u355 ?ia;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Cele mai sc\uc1 \u259
?zute valori ale presiunii sanguine medii sunt \uc1 \u238 ?n teritoriul:}{\fs20
arterelor mari \uc1 \u351 ?i mijloc}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 ii;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 arterioleleor;}{\fs20 \lang1048
\langfenp1049 capilarelor;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 venelor
mici;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain
\af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 venelor mijlocii
\uc1 \u351 ?i mari;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Sistemul limfatic
joac\uc1 \u259 ? un rol central \uc1 \u238 ?n controlul:}{\fs20 \dbch \af7
concentra\uc1 \u355 ?iei de proteine \uc1 \u238 ?n lichidul intersti\uc1 \u355 ?
ial;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 concentra\uc1 \u355 ?iei electroli\uc1 \u355 ?ilor
\uc1 \u238 ?n lichidul
intersti\uc1 \u355 ?ial;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 volumului de lichid
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 presiunii lichidului
corecte}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 ;}{\fs20
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Ce reprezit\uc1 \u259
? unda P pe EKG?}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 repolarizarea
atrial\uc1 \u259 ?;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 depolarizarea atrial\uc1
\langfenp1049 depolarizarea ventricululi drept;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langfenp1049 depolarizarea ventricului st\uc1 \u1074 ?ng;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Prin denervarea inimii are loc:}{\fs20 \lang1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \uc1 \u238 ?ntreruperea
inerva\uc1 \u355 ?iei ext}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
rinseci;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 oprirea
cotrac\uc1 \u355 ?iilor ritmice ale miocardului;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch
\af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \uc1 \u238 ?
ntreruperea transmiterii excita\uc1 \u355 ?iei prin fasciculele atrioventriculare;}
\langfenp1049
\langfenp1049 r\uc1 \u259 ?rirea contrac\uc1 \u355 ?iei inimii;}{\fs20 \dbch
activitatea inimii continu\uc1 \u259 ?;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Ce \uc1 \u238 ?
n\uc1 \u355 ?elege\uc1 \u355 ?i prin volum diastolic final (telediastolic)?}
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cantitatea de s\uc1 \u226 ?nge din ventricul la sf\uc1
\u226 ?r\uc1 \u351 ?itul diastolei ventriculare;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cantitatea de s\uc1 \u1074 ?nge din ventricul
la \uc1 \u1086 ?nceputul diastolei ;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 volumul diastolic de rezerv\uc1 \u259 ?;}{\fs20 \dbch
diferen\uc1 \u355 ?a \uc1 \u238 ?ntre volumul - b\uc1 \u259 ?taie \uc1 \u351 ?i cel
rezidual;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 E.nici un raspuns corect;}{\b1 \fs20
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs20
\af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 10cs Factorul de
relaxare derivat din endoteliile vasculare mai este denumit \uc1 \u351 ?i:}
\af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 endotelin\uc1
\langfenp1049 monoxid de azot;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 acetilcolin\uc1 \u259 ?;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7
\af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 bradikinin\uc1 \u259
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 histamin\uc1 \u259 ?;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
}{\b1 \fs17 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Ritmul sinusal ai inimii este:}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 ritmul propriu determinat de nodulul keith-Flack;}{\fs20 \lang1048
\langfenp1049 ritmul determinat de nodulul Aschoff-tawara;}{\fs20 \lang1048
\langfenp1049 ritmul determinat de celulel Purkinje din fasciculul Hiss;}{\fs20
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 ritmul de frecven\uc1
\u355 ?\uc1 \u259 ? de 70-80 cicli/min;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 ritmul de frecven\uc1
\u355 ?\uc1 \u259 ? de 40-60 cicli/min;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Dac\uc1 \u259 ? o
persoan\uc1 \u259 ? prezint\uc1 \u259 ? pe EKG complexul QRS \uc1 \u351 ?i unda T
normale, dar nu prezint\uc1 \u259 ? unda P, focul de automatism este localizat \uc1
\u238 ?n:}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langfenp1049 nodulul sinoatrial;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [x] }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 nodulul
atrioventricular;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 fasciculul Hiss;}{\fs20
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 re\uc1 \u355 ?eaua lui
Purkinje;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langfenp1049 miocardul ventricular;}{\fs17 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\loch \f5 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 Punctajul: }{\fs17 \dbch
\dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs
Contrac\uc1 \u355 ?ia extrasistolic\uc1 \u259 ? ventricular\uc1 \u259 ? este
declan\uc1 \u351 ?at\uc1 \u259 ? de c\uc1 \u259 ?tre:}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich
\hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 desc\uc1 \u259
?rc\uc1 \u259 ?rile unor focare ectopice de excita\uc1 \u355 ?ie supranodale;}
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 desc\uc1 \u259 ?rc\uc1 \u259 ?rile unor focare ectopice
de excita\uc1 \u355 ?ie atriale;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 desc\uc1 \u259 ?rc\uc1 \u259 ?
rile unor focare ectopice de excita\uc1 \u355 ?ie atrioventriculare;}{\fs20
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 complexele QRS;}{\fs20 \lang1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 desc\uc1 \u259 ?rc\uc1 \u259 ?
rile unor focare ectopice de excita\uc1 \u355 ?ie ventricular\uc1 \u259 ?;}
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs \uc1 \u206 ?n nodulul
sinoatrial, depolarizarea lent\uc1 \u259 ? diastolic\uc1 \u259 ? (preponten\uc1
\u355 ?ial sau pacemaker poten\uc1 \u355 ?ial) este atribuit:}{\fs20 \dbch \af7
\hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cre\uc1
\u351 ?terii permeabilit\uc1 \u259 ?\uc1 \u355 ?ii ionului de K}{\fs13 \up10
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cre\uc1 \u351 ?terii lente a permeabilit\uc1
\u259 ?\uc1 \u355 ?ii ionil}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
or de Na}{\fs13 \up10 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 +}{\fs20
\uc1 \u351 ?i Ca}{\fs13 \up10 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 2+}
\langfenp1049 , \uc1 \u351 ?i diminu\uc1 \u259 ?rii treptate a permeabilit\uc1
\u259 ?\uc1 \u355 ?ii pentru K}{\fs13 \up10 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 sc\uc1 \u259 ?derii
permeabilit\uc1 \u259 ?\uc1 \u355 ?ii ionului de Cl}{\fs13 \up10 \lang1048
sc\uc1 \u259 ?derii permeabilit\uc1 \u259 ?\uc1 \u355 ?ii ionului de Ca}{\fs13
\up10 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 2+}{\fs20 \lang1048
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 E.toate
raspunsurile corecte}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 ;}
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs20
\langfenp1049
\fs24 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 {\b1 \fs20 \lang1033
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 Punctajul: }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Contractilitatea miocardului este
corelat\uc1 \u259 ? cel mai bine cu concentra\uc1 \u355 ?ia intracelular\uc1
\u259 ? a ionilor de:}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048
\langfenp1049 K}{\fs13 \up10 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 +}
\langfenp1049 Cl}{\fs13 \up10 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 -}
\langfenp1049 Mg}{\fs13 \up10 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 2+}
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Care este valoarea
debitului cardiac din inima dreapt\uc1 \u259 ? exprimat \uc1 \u238 ?n procente,
fa\uc1 \u355 ?\uc1 \u259 ? de cel din inima st\uc1 \u226 ?ng\uc1 \u259 ??}{\fs20
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 25%;}{\fs20 \lang1048
\langfenp1049 50%;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\langfenp1049 100%;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Tonusul vasoconstrictor simpatic scade prin
stimularea:}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 presoreceptorilor sinocarotidieni;}{\b1
\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain \li0 \ri0
chemoreceptorilor;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 algoreceptorilor;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 chemoreceptorilor sinocarotidieni;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langfenp1049 tuturor acestor structuri;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Care din urm\uc1
\u259 ?toarele afirma\uc1 \u355 ?ii sunt adev\uc1 \u259 ?rate?}{\fs20 \dbch \af7
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 2+}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \uc1 \u351 ?i de K}{\fs13 \up10
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 au efecte sinergice asupra inimii;}{\fs20 \lang1048
\langfenp1049 2+ }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 au efect
inotrop pozitiv asupra inimii;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
K}{\fs13 \up10 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 +}{\fs20
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 au efect inotrop pozitiv asupra
inimii;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 }{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \uc1 \u351 ?i de K}{\fs13 \up10 \lang1048
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 +}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 au efect inotrop pozitiv \uc1
\u351 ?i ac\uc1 \u355 ?ioneaz\uc1 \u259 ? sinergic la nivelul inimii;}{\fs20
administrarea intravenoas\uc1 \u259 ? de KCl determin\uc1 \u259 ? hiperpolarizarea
celulelor cardiace;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Presiunea care \uc1
\u238 ?ntre\uc1 \u355 ?ine circula\uc1 \u355 ?ia \uc1 \u238 ?n coronare este:}
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 presiunea sistolic\uc1 \u259 ? din aort\uc1 \u259 ?;}
\f5 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 b) }{\fs17 \dbch \af5 \hich
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 pulsul presiunii;}{\fs20
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 presiunea diastolic\uc1 \u259 ?
din aort\uc1 \u259 ?;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048
\langfenp1049 presiunea pulsativa;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 E.toate
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 Receptorii adrenergici
localiza\uc1 \u355 ?i primar la nivelul membranei celulare miocardice; care
determin\uc1 \u259 ? cre\uc1 \u351 ?terea frecven\uc1 \u355 ?ei cardiace se
numesc:}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \uc1 \u945 ?1}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\uc1 \u945 ?2;}{\fs20 \dbch \af8 \hich \af8 \loch \f8 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\f8 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \uc1 \u946 ?1;}{\fs20 \lang1048
\f8 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \uc1 \u946 ?2;}{\b1 \fs20
\uc1 \u946 ?3;}{\fs20 \dbch \af8 \hich \af8 \loch \f8 \lang1048 \langnp1048
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs \uc1 \u206 ?n
echilibrul Starling for\uc1 \u355 ?ele medii ce tind s\uc1 \u259 ? \uc1 \u238 ?
ntroduc\uc1 \u259 ? lichidul \uc1 \u238 ?n vas sunt:}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich
negativ\uc1 \u259 ? a lichidului intersti\uc1 \u355 ?ial;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7
capilar\uc1 \u259 ? medie;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 presiunea coloido
osmotic\uc1 \u259 ? a lichidului intersti\uc1
\u355 ?ial;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 presiunea coloido
osmotic\uc1 \u259 ? a plasmei,}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048
corecte.}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 digestia
m.g.}{\b1 \fs17 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Unde este localizat centrul salivar:}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 in mezencefal; }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langfenp1049 in diencefal}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 in bulbul rahidian; }{\b1
\langfenp1049 d) }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] in
cerebel; }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs La care din hrana ingerata se elimina o cantitate
maxima de saliva:}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langfenp1049 unt; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] piine; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [x] pesmeti; }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langfenp1049 cartofi; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 e) }{\fs20 \lang1048
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] carne;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain \li0 \ri-1333 \lisb0 \lisa0
\nowidctlpar \lin0 \rin-1333 \itap0 \fs24 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Totalitatea actelor prin care bolul alimentar trece
din cavitatea bucala in stomac se numeste:}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain \li0 \ri-1333 \lisb0 \lisa0 \nowidctlpar \lin0
\rin-1333 \itap0 \fs24 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 {\fs20
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 }{\fs20 \lang1048
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain \li0 \ri-1333 \lisb0
\lisa0 \nowidctlpar \lin0 \rin-1333 \itap0 \fs24 \lang1049 \langnp1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 {\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\ri-1333 \lisb0 \lisa0 \nowidctlpar \lin0 \rin-1333 \itap0 \fs24 \lang1049
\langfenp1049 }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\par }\pard \plain \li0 \ri-1333 \lisb0 \lisa0 \nowidctlpar \lin0 \rin-1333
\itap0 \fs24 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 {\fs20 \lang1048
\rin-1333 \itap0 \fs24 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 {\b1
\langfenp1049 transport activ; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 b) }{\fs20 \lang1048
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] digestie; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048
masticatie;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\itap0 \fs24 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 {\b1 \fs20
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [x] deglutitie; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] transport pasiv;}{\fs20
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs La ce nivel al tubului digestiv actioneaza numai
mecanismul nervos de reglare a secretiei digestive :}{\fs20 \lang1048
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 stomac;
}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain \li0
\langfenp1049 [x] cavitate bucala; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] intestin subtire;}{\fs20
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain \li0 \ri-1333
\lisb0 \lisa0 \nowidctlpar \lin0 \rin-1333 \itap0 \fs24 \lang1049 \langnp1049
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 intestin gros; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048
primele doua;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\af5 \hich
\hich \af5 \loch \f5 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 digestia m.g.}
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Ce mediator se elimina in terminatiunile coardei
timpanice, care inerveaza glanda submaxilara:}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain \li0 \ri-
1333 \lisb0 \lisa0 \nowidctlpar \lin0 \rin-1333 \itap0 \fs24 \lang1049
\langfenp1049 noradrenalina; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] adrenalina; }{\fs20
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 acetilcolina; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048
glicina; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] dopamina;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Care-i actiunea nervului simpatic asupra vaselor
glandei submaxilare:}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 vasodilatatie; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048
vasoconstrictie; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par
}\pard \plain \li0 \ri-1333 \lisb0 \lisa0 \nowidctlpar \lin0 \rin-1333 \itap0 \fs24
\langfenp1049 [ ] nu actioneaza;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 initial vasodilatatie apoi vasoconstrictie; }{\fs20 \lang1048
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
m.g.}{\b1 \fs17 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch
\f5 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain \li0 \ri-
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Care dintre celulele glandelor
stomacale produc enzimele sucului gastric:}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 marginale
(parietale); }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [x] principale; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] auxiliare;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048
primele doua; }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
trei}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain \li0
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Care dintre celulele glandelor stomacale secreta
acidul clorhidric:}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 principale; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048
auxiliare; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [x] mrginale (parietale ,oxintice); }{\fs20
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 primele doua; }{\fs20 \lang1048
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 toate trei;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Care dintre celulele glandelor stomacale secreta
mucina:}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\plain \li0 \ri-1333 \lisb0 \lisa0 \nowidctlpar \lin0 \rin-1333 \itap0 \fs24
\langfenp1049
\par }\pard \plain \li0 \ri-1333 \lisb0 \lisa0 \nowidctlpar \lin0 \rin-1333 \itap0
\fs24 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 {\fs20 \lang1048
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 marginale (parietale; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048
auxiliare; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] principale; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] primele doua; }{\b1 \fs20
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] toate trei;}{\fs17 \dbch
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs La ce hrana ingerata se elimina suc gastric cu
aciditatea maximala:}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\langfenp1049 zahar; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] lapte; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [x] carne; }{\b1 \fs20
\langfenp1049 d) }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] piine;
\langfenp1049 [ ] egal;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Precizati care este locul de secretie al gastro-
gastrinei:}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cavitatea bucala; }{\fs20
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 portiunea pilorica a stomacului; }
{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\par }\pard \plain \li0 \ri-1333 \lisb0 \lisa0 \nowidctlpar \lin0 \rin-1333 \itap0
\hich \af5 \loch \f5 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 c) }{\fs17
}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 duodenul;}{\fs20
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 pancreasul; }{\fs20 \lang1048
\langfenp1049 tot traseul tubului digestiv;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs20
\langfenp1049 digestia m.g.}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 Punctajul: }{\fs20
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 10cs Care din functiile enumerate
ii apartin enterokinazei:}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\langfenp1049 activeaza tripsinogenul; }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langfenp1049 scindeaza proteinele; }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 c) }{\fs17 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 serveste ca excitant umoral in secretia sucului pancreatic;}
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 scindeaza lipidele; }{\b1 \fs20
intensifica motorica stomacului;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Valoare}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 a}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 pH-ului
sucului pancreatic:}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 7,0-7,8; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] 6,5-7,0; }{\b1 \fs20
\langfenp1049 c) }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [x] 7,8-
8,4; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langfenp1049 [ ] 1,8-2,5; }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain \li0 \ri0 \lisb0
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Care din enzimele enumerate nu-i apartin sucului
pancreatic:}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 gelatinaza; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] pepsina; }{\b1 \fs20
chimotripsina; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] carboxipolipeptidaza; }{\fs20 \lang1048
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 primele doua;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Reglarea secretiei pancreatice are loc cu
participarea sistemului nervos:}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 somatic; }{\fs20 \lang1048
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 simpatic; }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langfenp1049 parasimpatic; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 d) }{\fs20 \lang1048
\langfenp1049 simpatic }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 si
parasimpatic; }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 toate r\uc1 \u259 ?spunsurile corecte;}{\fs20 \dbch
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\loch \f5 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 digestia m.g.}{\b1
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs In reglarea umorala a secretiei pancreatice
participa:}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langfenp1049 acetilcolina; }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 gastrina; }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 colecistokinina; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] secretina; }{\b1 \fs20
\langfenp1049 e) }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [x] toate
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs In componenta sucului pancreatic se contin urmatoarele
grupuri de fermenti:}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 proteaze; }{\fs20 \lang1048
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 lipaze; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] carboxipolipeptidaze; }{\b1
\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain \li0 \ri-
\langfenp1049 [ ] fosfolipaze; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 e) }{\fs20 \lang1048
\langfenp1049 toate rasunsurile corecte}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfenp1049 10}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs
Miscarile de foame ale stomacului se datoreaza:}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langfenp1049 lipsei alimentelor din stomac; }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langfenp1049 contractiei musculaturii stomacului gol;}{\fs20 \lang1048
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 senzatiilor de durere determinate de lipsa
alimentelor din stomac;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 secretiei crescute de suc gastric;
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 nici un raspuns corect;}{\fs17 \dbch \af5
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs In cavitatea bucala la adult are loc scindarea
enzimatica a :}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
lipidelor; }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
glucozei ; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] zaharozei; }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langfenp1049 amidonului preparat; }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 proteinelor;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Care din enzimele enumerate sunt secretate sub forma
inactiva:}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain
\li0 \ri-1333 \lisb0 \lisa0 \nowidctlpar \lin0 \rin-1333 \itap0 \fs24 \lang1049
\langfenp1049 pepsina; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] tripsina; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain \li0
\langfenp1049 [ ] chimotripsina;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 carboxipolipeptidaza; }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs In urma digestiei gastrice se formeaza o pasta
omogena, semifluida cu reactie acida numita:}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langfenp1049 }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langfenp1049 bol alimentar; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [x] chim gastric; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048
\langfenp1049 c) }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] chim
intestinal; }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 bol
fecal; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] substanta alimentara;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Evacuarea continutului gastric in duoden depinde de :}
\langfenp1049 }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 pH-ul continutului gastric si
intestinal; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langfenp1049 [ ] consistenta continutului gastric;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langfenp1049 presiunea osmotica a continutului gastric;}{\fs20 \lang1048
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 gradul de umplere a duodenului; }{\fs20
\lisb0 \lisa0 \nowidctlpar \lin0 \rin-1333
\hich \af5 \loch \f5 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 e) }{\fs17
}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 toate raspunsurile
corecte;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Sarurile biliare au rol in :}{\fs20 \lang1048
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 {\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 }{\fs20 \lang1048
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 emulsionarea grasimilor; }{\fs20
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 activarea lipazelor pancreatice; }
\langfenp1049 [ ] stimularea secretiei biliare; }{\fs20 \lang1048
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 favorizarea absorbtiei vitaminelor
liposolubile; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [x] toate raspunsurile corecte;}{\fs20 \lang1048
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Pigmentii biliari (bilirubina si biliverdina) sunt
produsi de degradare ai:}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
trombocitelor;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] leucocitelor; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [x] hemoglobinei ; }{\b1 \fs20
sarurilor biliare; }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 mioglobinei;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 digestia m.g.}{\b1 \fs17 \dbch \af5
{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Unde are loc absorbtia
maxima a apei in tubul digestiv : }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 stomac}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 ;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\langfenp1049 [x] jejun; }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 ileon; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] colon; }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langfenp1049 toate raspunsurile corecte; }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Care din substantele enumerate se absorb prin mecanism
activ ;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 glucoza,fructoza, galactoza; }{\b1 \fs20
aminoacizii; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] ionii de Ca ++; }{\fs20 \lang1048
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 ionii Na+, K+; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\par }\pard \plain
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Care din functiile enumerate nu-i corespund
salivei;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 }{\fs20
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 digestiva; }{\fs20 \lang1048
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 excretorie; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048
respiratorie;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 facilitarea vorbirii; }{\b1
\langfenp1049 [ ] termoreglare;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Senzatia de satietate este determinata de :}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 volumul
lichidului extracelular; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] presiunea sangvina;}{\fs20 \lang1048
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 concentratia proteinelor plazmatice; }
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 concentratia sodiului plasmatic; }{\b1 \fs20
concentratia intracelulara a glucozei;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Ce se elimina din mucoasa intestinului la trecerea
continutului (chimus) din stomac;}{\fs20
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain \li0 \ri-
\langfenp1049 secretina; }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 pancreozimina; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 c) }{\fs20 \lang1048
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] enterocrinina;}{\fs20 \lang1048
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 enterogastronul; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048
raspunsurile corecte; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs20
\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 Capitol: }{\fs20 \lang1048
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 digestia m.g.}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048
10cs Ce are loc cu glucoza absorbita din intestin in s\uc1 \u1074 ?nge;}{\fs20
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 se transforma in glicogen; }{\b1 \fs20
\langfenp1049 b) }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] se
transforma in grasimi;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 se
oxideaza elimin\uc1 \u1074 ?nd energie; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] circula prin s\uc1 \u1074 ?nge;
\langfenp1049 [x] toate raspunsurile corecte ; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs20
10cs Care din vitaminele enumerate se absorb cu greu in lipsa bilei; }{\fs20
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 A; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\nowidctlpar \lin0
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] D; }{\fs20 \lang1048
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 E; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] K; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048
\langfenp1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs20
10cs Care din substantele enumerate inhiba eliminarea sucului pancreatic;}
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 a) }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [x] atropina ; }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 acetilcolina; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] pilocarpina; }{\b1 \fs20
adrenalina; }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 toate raspunsurile corecte; }{\b1 \fs20
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs20
\langfenp1049 digestia m.g.}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 Punctajul: }{\fs20
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 10cs Care este stimulul adecvat
pentru declansarea defecatiei :}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 stimularea simpatica; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] umplerea vezicii urinare;}
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 destinderea ampulei rectale in urma
patrunderii in rect a materiilor fecale;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langfenp1049 contractia musculaturii peretelui abdominal;}{\fs20 \lang1048
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 contractia diafragmului; }{\fs20
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\loch \f5 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 }{\b1
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 digestia m.g.}{\b1 \fs17 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs In intestinul subtire au loc
urmatoarele tipuri de miscari:}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
segmentare; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] tonice; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] pendulare; }{\fs20
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 peristaltice; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Care din procesele enumerate nu au loc in intestinul
gros;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 absorbtia apei; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048
formarea de indol si scatol; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] secretia mucinei; }{\fs20 \lang1048
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 sinteza vitaminelor K si B1;
reabsorbtia sarurilor biliare; }{\fs17 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 digestia m.g.}{\b1 \fs17 \dbch \af5 \hich
{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs .In ce consta rolul
excretor al salivei;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
eliminarea prin saliva a ureei, acidului uric si amoniacului;}{\fs20 \lang1048
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 eliminarea plumbului, mercurului
,bismutului;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 eliminarea unor virusi (ca cel al
rabiei);}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 eliminarea unor medicamente (ca
stricnina,chinina);}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Cum actioneaza sucul pancreatic asupra cantitatii
enterokinazei din sucul intestinal;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 nu
actioneaza; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [x] mareste; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] micsoreaza; }{\b1
\langfenp1049 [ ] actioneaza numai in prezenta bilei;}{\fs20 \lang1048
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 la inceput mareste apoi micsoreaza;}{\fs20
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Care din vitaminele enumerate sunt sintetizate de
bacteriile intestinului gros:}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 vitamina K; }{\b1 \fs20
vitamina B12; }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 tiamina;}
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 riboflavina; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048
\langfenp1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs20
10cs Secretia pancreatica este stimulata de :}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 acetilcolina ; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048
gastrina; }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
pancreozimina;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
secretina; }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Care din enzimele enumerate nu intra in componenta
sucului pancreatic;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 tripsina; }{\fs20 \lang1048
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 pepsina; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048
\lisa0 \nowidctlpar \lin0 \rin-1333 \itap0 \fs24 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 {\b1 \fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 c) }
{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] chimotripsina;}{\fs20
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 carboxipolipeptidaza; }{\b1 \fs20
\langfenp1049 e) }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] nici
una din enzimele enumerate;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Care din factorii hormonali inhiba motilitatea
intestinului subtire ;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 gastrina; }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langfenp1049 colecistokinina; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [x] secretina; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048
insulina; }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
serotonina;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Care din miscarile de segmentare sunt caracteristice
pentru intestinul subtire;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
segmentare regulata; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] segmentare izolata; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048
segmentare neregulata; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] segmentare regulata slaba; }{\fs20
\langfe1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Sucul gastric "de apetit" se elimina in urmatoarele
faze:}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain
stomacala; }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
cerebrala; }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
intestinala;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 in toate trei faze; }{\b1
\langfenp1049 [ ] numai in faza cerebrala si stomacala;}{\fs20 \lang1048
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Ce efect are stimularea fibrelor parasimpatice care
inerveaza glandele salivare;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 secretie mucoasa,de volum redus,bogata in enzime; }{\b1 \fs20
vasodilatatie;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 secretie
seromucoasa, de volum mare, cu continut enzimatic variabil, fara efect vascular;}
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 secretie seroasa, de volum mare, saraca in
enzime; }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
vasoconstrictie;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\fs17 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Care dintre fazele deglutitiei sunt involuntare;}
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 toate; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048
bucala; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langfenp1049 [x] faringiana; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [x] esofagiana; }{\fs20 \lang1048
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 nici una;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Care din functiile enumerate nu-i corespund acidului
clorhidric al sucului gastric;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] creaza mediul optim pentru activitatea enzimelor sucului
gastric;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 scindeaza proteinele; }{\b1
\langfenp1049 [ ] transforma pepsinogenul in pepsina;}{\fs20 \lang1048
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 scindeaza lipidele; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048
\langfenp1049 e) }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] }
\langfenp1049 provoaca denaturarea si tumefierea proteinelor;}{\fs20 \lang1048
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 {\b1 \fs17 \dbch
\af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 Capitol:
\langfenp1049 digestia m.g.}{\b1 \fs17 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5 \lang1033
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Care din enzimele enumerate nu sunt
componente ale sucului gastric;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 ptialina; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] pepsinogenul; }{\fs20
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 gelatinaza; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048
chimozina ; }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 maltaza;}{\fs20 \lang1048
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Care din secretiile digestive nu contin nici o enzima
cu rol in digestie;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\langfenp1049 secretia glandelor parotide; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [x] bila; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048
secretia glandelor gastrice;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 secretia
glandelor submaxilare si sublinguale; }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 secretia glandelor mucoase din intestinul gros;}{\fs20 \lang1048
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Care sunt efectele actiunii colecistokininei in
secretia biliara ;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\par }\pard \plain \li0 \ri-1333
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 produce cresterea secretiei de bila
in ficat; }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 produce
inchiderea sfincterului Oddi;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 determina contractia colecistului; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048
determina relaxarea sfincterului Oddi;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 formeaza pigmentii biliari;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Asupra lipidelor emulsionate actioneaza :}{\fs20
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 sarurile biliare; }{\fs20 \lang1048
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 lipaza gastrica; }{\fs20
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 lipaza pancreatica;}{\fs20 \lang1048
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 lipaza intestinala; }{\b1 \fs20
pepsinele;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm De ce depinde trecerea continutului din intestinul
subtire in cel gros;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\langfenp1049 de starea sfincterului piloric; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048
\langfenp1049 b) }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [x] de
calitatea si cantitatea continutului intestinului subtire;}{\fs20 \lang1048
\langfenp1049 de gradientul de presiune dintre intestinul subtire si gros;}
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 de starea valvulei iliocecale; }
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 de starea sfincterului Oddi;}{\fs20 \lang1048
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Substantele organice comune din saliva si sucul
gastric sunt:}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 lizozimul; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [x] mucina; }{\b1 \fs20
amilaza si lipaza; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [x] ureea,acidul uric; }{\b1 \fs20
pepsina;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm In ce consta rolul de protectie al salivei;}{\fs20
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 reglarea pH-ului mediului intern;}{\fs20
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 lavajul cavitatii bucale de resturi
alimentare;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 actiunea antimicrobiana;}{\fs20
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [x]
}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 umectarea mucoasei
cavitatii bucale; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] scindarea amidonului;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm .Scindarea proteinelor are loc in urmatoarele portiuni
ale tractului digestiv:}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cavitatea bucala; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048
stomac; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par
\langfenp1049 [x] intestinul subtire;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048
intestinul gros; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] esofag;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Hormonul intestinal enterogastronul indeplineste
urmatoarele functii:}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 intensifica secretia pancreatica; }{\b1
\langfenp1049 [x] inhiba secretia gastrica;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langfenp1049 intensifica motilitatea intestinului; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048
\langfenp1049 d) }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [x] inhiba
motilitatea stomacului; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [
] contribuie la absorbtia grasimilor;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Care din factorii umorali stimuleaza secretia
pancreatica:}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 gastrina;}{\fs20 \lang1048
\langfenp1049 pancreozimina;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
secretina;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 tiroxina;}{\fs20 \lang1048
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Colesterolul endogen este un component al:}{\fs20
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 salivei;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langfenp1049 sucului gastric;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 bilei;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 sucului
pancreatic;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 sucului intestinal;}{\fs20
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\nowidctlpar \lin0
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Eliminarea abundenta a salivei poarta denumirea de:}
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 hiposalivatie;}{\fs20 \lang1048
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 hipersalivatie;}{\fs20 \lang1048
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 xerostomie;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langfenp1049 sialoree;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 bulemie;}{\fs20 \lang1048
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Care din afirmatiile de mai jos referitoare la
digestie sunt corecte:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 deglutitia este un act pur voluntar
absolut (complet);}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 bolul alimentar este propulsat prin
esofag, prin miscari segmentare;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [x] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 saliva
contine o enzima, care degradeaza amidonul;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 pH-ul salivar creste odata cu cresterea ratei secretiei;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 bila nu contine enzime digestive;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 factorul intrinsec Castle este
secretat de catre celulele G din glandele gastrice;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 colecistokinina inhiba secretia gastrica;}{\fs20 \lang1033
}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 secretia gastrica nu este
declansata, pana cind alimentele nu ajung in stomac;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 HCl este secretat de catre celulele parietale (oxintice);}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 In faza intestinala a secretiei gastrice se secreta cea mai mare
cantitate de HCl si pepsinogen;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
digestie sunt corecte}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 celulele acinoase pancratice contin
tripsina;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 pancreozimina inhiba secretia exocrina a
pancreasului;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 in absenta enzimelor proteolitice
pancreatice, utilizarea proteinelor de catre organism este scazuta;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 Introducerea de acid in duoden stimuleaza secretia pancreatica;}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 continutul de Cl al sucului pancreatic scade,
daca rata secretiei creste la actiunea secretinei;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 70% din fluxul sanguin hepatic este
dirijat prin vena porta;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 canalul cistic dreneaza vezicula
biliara;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 bila este mai diluata in colecist;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 in icterul mecanic, materiile fecale sunt decolorate si grase;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049
\langfenp1049 miceliile formeaza suspensii instabile de saruri biliare;}{\fs20
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 sarurile biliare sunt produsi de
degradare ai hemoglobinei;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
reabsorbtia sarurilor biliare in intestin stimuleaza secretia biliara;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 cea mai mare parte a sarurilor biliare sunt reabsorbite in ileonul
terminal;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 scaderea sarurilor biliare duce la scaderea
absorbtiei vitaminei E;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 sarurile biliare sunt molecule
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 sarurile biliare sunt produsi de
degradare ai hemoglobinei;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
reabsorbtia sarurilor biliare in intestin stimuleaza secretia biliara;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 cea mai mare parte a sarurilor biliare sunt reabsorbite in ileonul
terminal;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 scaderea sarurilor biliare duce la scaderea
absorbtiei vitaminei E;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 sarurile biliare sunt molecule
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\lang1049
\f5 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 519).}{\b1 \fs17 \dbch \af5
cm Proteinele glandulare din saliva sunt urmatoarele:}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 lizozimul;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 amilaza;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 HCl;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 substantele de grup sanguin
(aglutinogenele din sistemul ABO);}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 acidul
lactic;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Sunt adevarate urmatoarele afirmatii privind sucul
pancreatic cu exceptia faptului ca:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 pH-ul sau
este aproximativ 8,0;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 are un continut ridicat de
bicarbonat;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 se secreta in jur de 1000 ml/zi;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 contine colesteraza;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [x] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 secretia
sa este numai sub control nervos;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs .Secretia gastrica este stimulata de urmatoarele
substante cu exceptia uneia:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 acetilcolina;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 cafeina;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 gastrina;}{\fs20 \lang1033
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Dupa secretia tripsinogenului in duoden, enzima este
convertita in forma sa activa, tripsina prin:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 enterokinaza;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
procarboxipeptidaza;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 lipaza pancreatica;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 tripsina secretata anterior;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 un pH
alcalin;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Protectia tesutului pancreatic de autodigestie se
explica prin:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 secretia de proteaze sub forma de proenzime
inactive;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 secretia de antienzime ca antitripsina;}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 inactivarea pepsinei;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 continutul crescut de bicarbonat;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 actiunea lenta a enzimelor
proteolitice;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Motilina:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [x] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 este
hormon tisular;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 inhiba motilitatea gastrica;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 stimuleaza motilitatea duodenala;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 are actiuni similare glucagonului;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 stimuleaza tranzitul alimentelor;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Formarea de micelii este necesara pentru absorbtia:}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 fierului;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 colesterolului;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [x] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 sarurilor
biliare;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 alcoolului;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 vitaminei B 12;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Stimularea eliminarii de suc pancreatic in conditii
normale nu necesita:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 acetilcolina;}{\b1 \fs20
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] colecistokinina;}{\fs20
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 stimulare nervoasa parasimpatica;}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 secretina;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm .Substantele nonhormonale eliberate de pancreas
servesc pentru:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 neutralizarea chimului gastric acid
care intra in duoden;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 digestia hidratilor de carbon;}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 digestia lipidelor;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 reglarea nivelului glucozei in singe;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 reglarea absorbtiei intestinale;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Acidifierea duodenului va determina:}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 scaderea secretiei de suc gastric prin intermediul secretinei;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 cresterea secretiei de suc gastric;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 scaderea evacuarii gastrice;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 cresterea contractiei colecistuluiprin intermediul secretinei;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 cresterea contractiei sfincterului Oddi;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Secretia de HCl de catre mucoasa gastrica este corect
descrisa prin urmatoarele:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
realizeaza in celulele principale;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
inhibata prin acetilcolina;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
inhibata prin histamina;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 se realizeaza prin transport activ
de H +;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 necesita eliberarea de HCl din granulatiile
zimogene;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Dintre vitaminele enumerate sintetizate de catre
bacteriile intestinale si absorbite in cantitati semnificative fac parte:}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 vitamina K;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 vitamina B}{\fs13 \dn4 \lang1033
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 1}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 riboflabina B}{\fs13 \dn4 \lang1033
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 acidul folic;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 e) }{\fs17 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch
\f5 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1033
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Gazele de la nivelul colonului apar din :}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 CO2 eliberat din interactiunea HCO3 si H+;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 difuziunea din singe;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
fermentatia bacteriana a oligozaharidelor nedigerate;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 aerul atmosferic inghitit (aerofagie);}{\fs20 \lang1033
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Care faza a secretiei gastrice poate fi afectata prin
vagotomie:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 bazala;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 cefalica;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 gastrica;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 intestinala;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
m.g.}{\b1 \fs17 \dbch \af5 \hich
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Vitmina B12 se absoarbe maximal
(preponderent) in:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 stomac;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 duoden;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 jejun;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 ileon;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 colon;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Vezica biliar\uc1
\u259 ? este contractat\uc1 \u259 ? cel mai puternic de:}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 enterogastron;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 colecistokinina;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 insulin\uc1 \u259 ?;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7
\af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 secretin\uc1
\langfenp1049 glucagon;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Gastrina este fi
secretat\uc1 \u259 ? de:}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 neuroni din hipotalam}{\fs20
us \uc1 \u351 ?i bulbul rahidian;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7
[ ] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 celulele principale
ale glandelor gastrice;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 celulele G de la nivelul antrului
piloric;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langfenp1049 [ ] epiteliu duodenal}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 celulele }{\fs20 \dbch \af7
\hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 argentofile
din mucoasa intestinului sub\uc1 \u355 ?ire;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Hormonii
gastrointestinali cu rol inhibitor asupra motilit\uc1 \u259 ?\uc1 \u355 ?ii
gastrice sunt.}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langfenp1049 motilina;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 colicistokinina;}{\fs20
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 substan\uc1 \u355 ?a P;}
secretina;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 somatostatina}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Mastica\uc1 \u355 ?
ia:}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
act reflex cu centrul \uc1 \u1086 ?n bulb;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 este ini\uc1 \u355 ?iat\uc1 \u259 ? de stimularea
proprioreceptorilor din mu\uc1 \u351 ?chii masticatori;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich
\hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 poate fi
controlat\uc1 \u259 ? cortical;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 este coordonat\uc1
\u259 ? de SN vegetativ;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 nu stimuleaz\uc1 \u259 ?
secre\uc1 \u355 ?ia salivar\uc1 \u259 ?;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Care din urm\uc1 \u259
?toarele substan\uc1 \u355 ?e pot inhiba contrac\uc1 \u355 ?ia stomacului}{\fs20
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 ?}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 acetilcolina;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
motilina;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 gastrina;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 secretina;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 histamina;}{\fs20 \lang1033
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs \uc1 \u206 ?n formarea
HCl de c\uc1 \u259 ?tre celulele parietale, transportul H + prin celulele parietale
este cuplat cu transportul de:}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [x] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 K}
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 Cl}{\fs13
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 HCO}
{\fs13 \dn4 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 3}{\fs13 \up10
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 -}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 ;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] H}{\fs13 \up10 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 + }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 ;}{\fs20
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1
\loch \f5 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 10}{\fs20 \dbch \af7
\hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Digestia
gastric\uc1 \u259 ? la adult este cea mai important\uc1 \u259 ?, pentru una din
urm\uc1 \u259 ?toarele substan\uc1 \u355 ?e:}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7
gr\uc1 \u259 ?simi;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 vitamine;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 minerale;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Factorul intrinsec
Castle este secretat \uc1 \u238 ?n mucoasa gastric\uc1 \u259 ? de c\uc1 \u259 ?
tre:}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 celulele
principale;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 celulele parietale (oxintice);}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 c}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 elulele "clare" din regiunea antral\uc1 \u259 ?;}
auxiliare;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 celulele G
\uc1 \u351 ?i D;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
m.g.}{\b1 \fs17 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5 \lang1033
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Factorul intrisec Castle:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 activeaz\uc1 \u259 ? vitamina
B}{\fs13 \dn4 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 12}{\fs20
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 stimuleaz\uc1 \u259 ? secre\uc1
\u355 ?ia de HCl;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 inhib\uc1 \u259 ? secre\uc1
\u355 ?ia de mucus;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 stimuleaz\uc1 \u259 ?
absorb\uc1 \u355 ?ia fierului \uc1 \u238 ?n ileon;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 nu are nici unul din rolurile enumerate;}
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Contrac\uc1 \u355 ?
iile de f}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 oame:}{\fs20
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 apar \uc1 \u238 ?ntotdeauna
dup\uc1 \u259 ? minimum 40 ore de post alimentar;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7
\af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 continu\uc1 \u259 ?
aproximativ 30 min dup\uc1 \u259 ? umplerea stomacului;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 sunt percepute \uc1 \u1086 ?n mod normal ca
forme "dureroase";}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
dispar dup\uc1 \u259 ? administrare de glucagon}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 dispar dup\uc1 \u259 ? administrare de insulin\uc1
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Bila, prin acizii biliari, are rol:}{\fs20
\lisa0 \nowidctlpar \lin0
coleretic;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \uc1 \u238 ?n
neutralizarea acidit\uc1 \u259 ?\uc1 \u355 ?ii chimului gastric;}{\fs20 \dbch
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 abs}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7
\loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 orb\uc1 \u355 ?ia unor
metale grele;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langfenp1049 emulsionarea lipidelor;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [x] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 activarea
lipazei pancreatice;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
?toa}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 rele procese nu au loc
la nivelulu intestinului gros?}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 absorb\uc1 \u355 ?ia apei;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 formarea de acid folic, vitamina B}{\fs13
\dn4 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 1}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 formarea
de NH}{\fs13 \dn4 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 3}{\fs20
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 secre\uc1 \u355 ?ia de
mucin\uc1 \u259 ? \uc1 \u351 ?i K}{\fs13 \up10 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 resorb\uc1 \u355 ?ia de Fe}
{\fs13 \up10 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 2+}{\fs20 \lang1033
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Prin mecanisme active se absorb:}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 monozaharidele de tipul pentozelor;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 b) }{\fs17 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch
\f5 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1033
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 glicerina;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 vitaminele hidrosolubile;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 acizii gra\uc1 \u351 ?i cu lan\uc1 \u355 ? de atomi de
carbon;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 aminoacizii \uc1 \u351 ?i deriva\uc1 \u355 ?ii
nucleotidici}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 ;}{\fs20
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm \uc1 \u206 ?n cursul
absorb\uc1 \u355 ?iei:}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cre\uc1 \u351 ?te nivelul
insulinei plasmatice;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cre\uc1 \u351 ?te captarea de
aminoacizi \uc1 \u238 ?n celule;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cre\uc1 \u351 ?te oxidarea
acizilor gra\uc1 \u351 ?i \uc1 \u351 ?i cetogeneza;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7
\af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cre\uc1 \u351 ?te
glicogeneza hepatic\uc1 \u259 ?;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 insulina stimuleaz\uc1 \u259 ?
captarea glucozei \uc1 \u238 ?n neuroni;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Care sunt asem\uc1
\u259 ?n\uc1 \u259 ?rile reflexelor de degluti\uc1 \u355 ?ie \uc1 \u351 ?i
defeca\uc1 \u355 ?ie?}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 sunt declan\uc1 \u351 ?ate de
mecanoreceptori;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 implic\uc1 \u259 ? participarea
unor mu\uc1 \u351 ?chi netezi \uc1 \u351 ?i stria\uc1 \u355 ?i;}{\fs20 \dbch
\loch
\f5 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 c) }{\fs17 \dbch \af5 \hich
implic\uc1 \u259 ? mecanisme nervoase voluntari \uc1 \u351 ?i involuntari
somatici;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 sunt coordonate de centrii
nervo\uc1 \u351 ?}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 i din
bulbul rahidian;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 sunt procese controlate voluntar, \uc1 \u1086
?n totalitate;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Mastica\uc1 \u355 ?
ia:}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [x] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 previne
leziunile mecanice pe care le-ar putea produce fragmentele mari de alimente;}{\fs20
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 permite amestecarea alimentelor
cu saliv\uc1 \u259 ? \uc1 \u351 ?i mucus \uc1 \u351 ?i lubrifierea dup\uc1 \u259 ?
degluti\uc1 \u355 ?ie,}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 faciliteaz\uc1 \u259 ? atacul
enzimelor gastrice \uc1 \u351 ?i intestinale, asupra particuleleor alimentare
fragmentate;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langfenp1049 facilitea}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 z\uc1 \u259 ? func\uc1 \u355 ?ia de depozit
alimentar a stomacului (relaxarea receptiv\uc1 \u259 ?);}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 este ultima etapa a procesului digestiv;}
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Func\uc1 \u355 ?ia de
depozit a ficatului se refer\uc1 \u259 ? la:}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 stocarea par\uc1 \u355 ?ial\uc1
\u259 ? a unor medicamente cu grad ridicat de toxicitate, ca de exemplu morfina,
stricnina, curara;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langfenp1049 depozitarea de fier sub forma feritinei;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 re\uc1 \u355 ?inerea unui volum
de s\uc1 \u226 ?nge de 20% din volumul stagnant din }{\fs20 \lang1048
\langfenp1049 teritoriul splanhinic;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
depozitarea albuminelor;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
depozitarea fosfolipidelor (12-14 g/100 g \uc1 \u355 ?esut hepatic);}{\fs20
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Referitor la
func\uc1 \u355 ?ia hematopoetic\uc1 \u259 ? a ficatului, este adev\uc1 \u259 ?rat
c\uc1 \u259 ?:}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 ficatul este un organ
hematopoetic, care produce hematii, granulocite \uc1 \u351 ?i megacariocite \uc1
\u238 ?n perioada hepatosplenic\uc1 \u259 ? a hematopoezei, care predomin\uc1 \u259
? prenatal \uc1 \u238 ?n luna a 6-a \uc1 \u351 ?i a 7-a;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 ficatul este un o}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich
\af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 rgan
hematopoietic \uc1 \u351 ?i postn}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 atal;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
ficatul produce 5-10% din cantitatea total\uc1 \u259 ? de eritropoetin\uc1 \u259 ?
de la adult;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \uc1 \u238 ?n insuficien\uc1
\u355 ?a renal\uc1 \u259 ? sau dup\uc1 \u259 ? nefrectomii, ficatul asigur\uc1
\u259 ? doar 1/2 sau 1/3 din eritropoez\uc1 \u259 ?;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich
\hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 nu este sursa
major\uc1 \u259 ? de eritropoetin\uc1 \u259 ? \uc1 \u238 ?n perioada fetal\uc1
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Factorii pl}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 asmatici produ\uc1 \u351 ?i de
ficat, cu rol \uc1 \u238 ?n limitarea coagul\uc1 \u259 ?rii \uc1 \u238 ?n sistemul
vascular normal sunt:}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
antitrombina III;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
heparina \uc1 \u351 ?i cofactorul II al heparinei;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 precalkreina;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 sistemul proteinei C
(proteina C \uc1 \u351 ?i proteina S);}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cofactorii proteazelor \uc1
\u351 ?i prote}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 azele;}{\fs20
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Enzimele proteolitice din sucul enteric sunt:}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 aminopeptidazele;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 colagenaza;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 elastaza;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 enteropeptidaza;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [x] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 peptidaze
diverse;}{\fs17 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5 \lang1033 \langnp1033
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Undele peristaltice primare:}{\fs20 \lang1033
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 apar \uc1 \u238 ?n timpul
esofagian al degluti\uc1 \u355 ?iei;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
sunt ini\uc1 \u355 ?iate \uc1 \u238 ?n cursul timpului bucal al degluti\uc1 \u355 ?
iei;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 sunt ini\uc1 \u355 ?iate \uc1 \u238 ?n cursul timpului
faringian;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 apar la
contactul peretelui esofagian cu bolul alimentar;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
deplasarea bolului}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
alimentar prin esofag;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1
\hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs \uc1
\u206 ?n compozi\uc1 \u355 ?ia materiilor fecale, \uc1 \u238 ?n reziduu uscat,
predomin\uc1 \u259 ?:}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048
\langfenp1049 bacteriile;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 lipidele;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 proteinele;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
produ\uc1 \u351 ?ii nedigera\uc1 \u355 ?i, celule descumate, mucus, leucocite,
pigmen\uc1 \u355 ?i;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
METABOL.m.g.}{\b1 \fs17 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\nowidctlpar \lin0 \rin-1333 \tql \tx0 \itap0 \fs24 \lang1049 \langnp1049
\hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Prin care
din c\uc1 \u259 ?ile enumerate nu se cedeaza c\uc1 \u259 ?ldur\uc1 \u259 ?:}
\rin-1333 \tql \tx0 \itap0 \fs24 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\langfenp1049 iradiere; }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 convec\uc1 \u355 ?ie; }{\fs20 \dbch
\par }\pard \plain \li0 \ri-1333 \lisb0 \lisa0 \nowidctlpar \lin0 \rin-1333 \tql
\tx0 \itap0 \fs24 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 {\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 sudora\uc1 \u355 ?ie (transpira\uc1 \u355 ?ie); }{\fs20
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 conductibilitate termic\uc1 \u259 ?; }{\fs20 \dbch \af7
\plain \li0 \ri-1333 \lisb0 \lisa0 \nowidctlpar \lin0 \rin-1333 \tql \tx0 \itap0
}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 evaporare;}{\fs20 \lang1048
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\loch \f5 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 Capitol:
\langfenp1049 METABOL.m.g.}{\b1 \fs17 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5 \lang1033
\lisa0 \nowidctlpar \lin0 \rin-1333 \tql \tx0 \itap0 \fs24 \lang1049 \langnp1049
\hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Care este
calea de cedare a c\uc1 \u259 ?ldurii c\uc1 \u238 ?nd temperatura mediului ambiant
este mai mare dec}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \uc1
\u1086 ?t tem-}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\tx0 \itap0 \fs24 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 {\fs20
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 peratura corpului:}{\fs20 \lang1048
\af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 conduc\uc1 \u355 ?
ie; }{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 convec\uc1 \u355 ?
ie; }{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 iradiere; }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 transpira\uc1 \u355 ?ie; }{\fs20 \dbch
evaporarea sudorii;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Centrul
termoregl\uc1 \u259 ?rii este situat \uc1 \u238 ?n:}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7
\li0 \ri-1333 \lisb0 \lisa0 \nowidctlpar \lin0 \rin-1333 \tql \tx0 \itap0 \fs24
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 mezencefal; }{\fs20
\lisb0 \lisa0 \nowidctlpar \lin0 \rin-1333 \tql \tx0 \itap0 \fs24 \lang1049
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 hipotalamus; }{\fs20 \lang1048
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 bulbul rahidian; }{\fs20 \lang1048
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cerebel; }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 forma\uc1 \u355 ?
iunea reticulat\uc1 \u259 ?;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\hich \af7 \loch \f7
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Izotermia este
caracteristic\uc1 \u259 ? pentru:}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 animalele homeoterme; }{\fs20
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 animalele poikiloterme; }{\fs20
\hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \uc1 \u351 ?i
homeoterme \uc1 \u351 ?i poikiloterme;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 animalele care traiesc in zonele reci;}{\fs20
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 animalele care traiesc in zonele calde;}
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Energ}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7
\loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 ia acumulat\uc1 \u259 ?
de organism este necesar\uc1 \u259 ? pentru:}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7
\hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 activitatea
muscular\uc1 \u259 ?; }{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7
\hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 sinteza
substan\uc1 \u355 ?elor \uc1 \u238 ?n celule; }{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7
absorb\uc1 \u355 ?ia \uc1 \u238 ?n tractul digestiv;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich
\langfenp1049 secre\uc1 \u355 ?ia glandelor; }{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Reducerea
con\uc1 \u355 ?inutului de glucoz\uc1 \u259 ? din s\uc1 \u238 ?nge se nume\uc1
\u351 ?te :}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ]
}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 hiperglicemie; }
1333 \lisb0 \lisa0 \nowidctlpar \lin0 \rin-1333 \tql \tx0 \itap0 \fs24 \lang1049
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 anemie; }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 hipotonic; }{\fs20 \lang1048
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 hipoglicemie; }{\fs20 \lang1048
\af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 nici un r\uc1
\u259 ?spuns corect;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Care din
hormonii enumera\uc1 \u355 ?i nu particip\uc1 \u259 ? \uc1 \u238 ?n reglarea
metabolismului glucidic:}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 adrenalina; }{\fs20 \lang1048
\f4 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 insulina;}{\b1 \fs17 \dbch \af4
}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 glucagonul; }{\fs20
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 interrnedina}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\ri-1333 \lisb0 \lisa0 \nowidctlpar \lin0 \rin-1333 \tql \tx0 \itap0 \fs24
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 tiroxina;}{\fs20 \lang1048
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Care din glandele endocrine nu part}
\langfenp1049 icip\uc1 \u259 ? \uc1 \u238 ?n reglarea metabolismului lipidic:}
\langfenp1049 hipofiza; }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 pancreasul; }{\fs20 \lang1048
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 c) }{\fs17 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch
\f5 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [x] }{\fs20 \dbch \af7
\hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 paratiroid\uc1
\u259 ?; }{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 sexuale; }{\fs20 \lang1048
\af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 tiroid\uc1 \u259 ?;}
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Prin
bilan\uc1 \u355 ? azotat pozitiv se sub\uc1 \u238 ?n\uc1 \u355 ?elege :}{\fs20
\hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cantitatea de
azot eliminat\uc1 \u259 ? predomin\uc1 \u259 ? asupra celei acumulate;}{\fs20
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 azotul acumulat predomin\uc1 \u259 ? asupra celui
eliminat;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 azotul acumulat este egal cu cel eliminat;}
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 azotul din singe predomina asupra celui din
tesuturi;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain
\af4 \loch \f4 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 nici un raspuns
corect;}{\b1 \fs17 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang1048 \langnp1048
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs \uc1
\u206 ?n ce caz n-are loc reten\uc1 \u355 ?ia azotului}{\fs20 \lang1048
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 :}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 la organismul \uc1 \u238 ?n cre\uc1 \u351 ?
tere; }{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \uc1 \u1086 ?n timpul sarcinii; }
\hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \uc1 \u238 ?n
inani\uc1 \u355 ?ie proteic\uc1 \u259 ?;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7
\hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 la \uc1
\u238 ?ns\uc1 \u259 ?n\uc1 \u259 ?to\uc1 \u351 ?ire dup\uc1 \u259 ? maladii grave;
}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch
\hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 la m\uc1 \u259
?rirea masei \uc1 \u355 ?esutului muscular (sportivi);}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Care din
substan\uc1 \u355 ?ele enumerate posed\uc1 \u259 ? un coeficient caloric maxim:}
\langfenp1049 proteinele; }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 lipidele;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par
}\pard \plain \li0 \ri-1333 \lisb0 \lisa0 \nowidctlpar \lin0 \rin-1333 \tql \tx0
glucidele; }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
vitaminele; }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
s\uc1 \u259 ?rurile minerale;}{\fs17 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5 \lang1033
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs
Coeficientul respirator reprezint\uc1 \u259 ?:}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7
raportul dintre V de O2 consumat c\uc1 \u259 ?tre V de CO2 eliminat;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 raportul
di}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 ntre V de aer inspirat c\uc1 \u259 ?tre volumul de aer expirat;}
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 raportul dintre V de CO2 eliminat c\uc1 \u259
?tre volumul de O2 consumat;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048
\af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 raportul dintre
presiunea par\uc1 \u355 ?ial\uc1 \u259 ? a CO2 din aerul alveolar c\uc1 \u259 ?tre
tensiunea CO2 \uc1 \u238 ?n s\uc1 \u226 ?nge;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 raportul dintre tensiunea p}{\fs20
ar\uc1 \u355 ?ial\uc1 \u259 ? a CO2 \uc1 \u238 ?n s\uc1 \u238 ?ngele venos c\uc1
\u259 ?tre tensiunea CO2 \uc1 \u238 ?n s\uc1 \u226 ?ngele arterial;.}{\fs20
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Valoareaa coeficientului respirator pentru
glucide este :}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 1,5;
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 1,2; }{\fs20 \lang1048
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 1,0; }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 0,8; }{\fs20 \lang1048
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 0.7;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Valoarea coeficientului respirator pentru
lipide este :}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 1,5; }{\fs20
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 0,7;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 METABOL.m.g.}{\b1 \fs17 \dbch
cs Valoarea coeficientului respirator pentru proteine este:}{\fs20 \lang1048
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 0,8;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 0,7;}
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Echivalentul caloric al oxigenul}{\fs20
\dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 ui
reprezint\uc1 \u259 ?:}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 V de O2 consumat \uc1 \u1086 ?n timp de 24
ore;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain \li0
capacitatea oxigenic\uc1 \u259 ? a s\uc1 \u238 ?ngelui arterial;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7
\langfenp1049 capacitatea oxigenic\uc1 \u259 ? a s\uc1 \u226 ?ngelui venos;}
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cantitatea de c\uc1 \u259 ?ldur\uc1 \u259 ?
degajat\uc1 \u259 ? \uc1 \u238 ?n urma consum\uc1 \u259 ?rii 1l de O2;}{\fs20
cantitatea de energie de}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 gajat\uc1 \u259 ? la oxidarea 1 g de
substan\uc1 \u355 ?\uc1 \u259 ? nutritiv\uc1 \u259 ?;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\hich
\af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs \uc1 \u206 ?n ce
caz coeficientul respirator poate dep\uc1 \u259 ?\uc1 \u351 ?i cifra 1:}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \uc1
\u1086 ?n timpul somnului; }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 la femeiele gravide;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \uc1 \u238 ?n perioada de restabilire dup\uc1
\u259 ? o activitate muscular\uc1 \u259 ? intens\uc1 \u259 ?;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7
\langfenp1049 \uc1 \u238 ?n inani\uc1 \u355 ?ie proteic\uc1 \u259 ?; }
\langfenp1049 \uc1 \u1086 ?n stare de foame;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
Metabolismul energetic bazal reprezint\uc1 \u259 ? :}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich
\langfenp1049 cantitatea de energie cedat\uc1 \u259 ? de organism prin
convec\uc1 \u355 ?ie;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048
\lisa0 \nowidctlpar \lin0 \rin43 \tql \tx0 \itap0 \fs24 \lang1049 \langnp1049
\af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 consumul energetic
minim \uc1 \u238 ?n stare de repaus \uc1 \u238 ?n anumite condi\uc1 \u355 ?ii
standard ale organismului \uc1 \u351 ?i a mediului ambiant; }{\fs20 \lang1048
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 consumul energetic la efort fizic; }
\hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 consumul
energetic la copii p\uc1 \u238 ?n\uc1 \u259 ? la un an;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Metabolismul bazal depinde de :}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 sex ;
v\uc1 \u238 ?rst\uc1 \u259 ?; }{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 greutate; }{\fs20 \lang1048
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 inaltime; }{\fs20 \lang1048
spunsurile corecte;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
Condi\uc1 \u355 ?iile necesare \uc1 \u238 ?n determinarea metabolismului bazal
sunt:}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 post alimentar de cel pu\uc1 \u355 ?in 12
ore;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 dup\uc1 \u259 ? un somn de noapte;
\langfenp1049 \uc1 \u1086 ?n stare de repaus muscular;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 la temperatura de comfort (18-20 C); }
\hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 toate r\uc1
\u259 ?spunsurile corecte;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
Metabolismul energetic general reprezint\uc1 \u259 ?:}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich
}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 consumul energetic \uc1
\u1086 ?n stare de repaus; }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 consumul
energetic \uc1 \u238 ?n stare de activitate individual\uc1 \u259
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 consumul energetic la persoane cu v\uc1 \u238
?rst\uc1 \u259 ? \uc1 \u238 ?naintat\uc1 \u259 ?;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7
ac\uc1 \u355 ?iunea specifico-dinamic\uc1 \u259 ? a hranei; }{\fs20
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 toate r\uc1 \u259 ?spunsurile corecte;}{\fs20 \dbch
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
Determinarea degajului de energie prin calorimetria direct\uc1 \u259 ? const\uc1
\u259 ? \uc1 \u238 ?n:}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 determinarea temperaturii corpului;}{\fs20
\hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 captarea c\uc1
\u259 ?ldurii cedate de organism cu folosi}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 rea unor camere calorimetrice speciale;}{\fs20 \lang1048
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 determinarea cheltuielilor energetice pe baza
analizei gazoase complete;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 determinarea cheltuielilor energetice pe baza analizei gazoase
incomplete;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
Determinarea degajului de energie prin calorimetria indirect\uc1 \u259 ?
const\uc1 \u259 ? \uc1 \u238 ?n:}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7
\hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 determinarea
capacit\uc1 \u259 ?\uc1 \u355 ?ii vitale a pl\uc1 \u259 ?m\uc1 \u226 ?nilor;}{\fs20
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 captarea c\uc1 \u259 ?ldurii cedat\uc1 \u259 ? d}
{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 e organism cu folosirea unor
camere calorimetrice speciale;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain \li0 \ri-1333 \lisb0 \lisa0 \nowidctlpar
\lin0 \rin-1333 \tql \tx0 \itap0 \fs24 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 determinarea cheltuielilor energetice pe baza analizei gazoase;}
\hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 studierea
respira\uc1 \u355 ?iei la efort fizic;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7
\hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 calcularea
metabolismului energetic dup\uc1 \u259 ? tabele speciale;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs La \uc1
\u238 ?ntocmirea ra\uc1 \u355 ?iei alimentare trebuie de \uc1 \u355 ?inut cont
de :}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 cheltuielile energetice zilnice; }{\fs20 \lang1048
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 a repartiza primirea hranei \uc1 \u1086 ?n 3-
4 rate;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langfenp1049 a include cantit\uc1 \u259 ?\uc1 \u355 ?i optime de proteine,
lipide \uc1 \u351 ?i glucide;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048
\af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 anumite
cantit\uc1 \u259 ?\uc1 \u355 ?i de vitamine \uc1 \u351 ?i s\uc1 \u259 ?ruri
minerale; }{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Sub
no\uc1 \u355 ?iune de optimum proteic se sub\uc1 \u238 ?n\uc1 \u355 ?elege:}
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cantitatea de proteine necesare pentru a
men\uc1 \u355 ?ine echilibrul azotului;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cantitatea de proteine dezintegrate zilnic
\uc1 \u1086 ?n organism;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
cantitatea de proteine \uc1 \u238 ?n hran\uc1 \u259 ? care satisface pe deplin
cerin\uc1 \u355 ?ele organismului;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048
\af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cantitatea de
proteine \uc1 \u238 ?n hran\uc1 \u259 ? de origine animal\uc1 \u259 ?;}{\fs20 \dbch
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cantitatea de proteine c\uc1 \u226 ?nd bilan\uc1 \u355 ?
ul azotat devine negativ;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Sub
no\uc1 \u355 ?iune de minimum proteic se sub\uc1 \u238 ?n\uc1 \u355 ?elege :}{\fs20
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cantitatea minim\uc1 \u259 ? de proteine ,\uc1 \u238 ?n
cadrul c\uc1 \u259 ?reia se men\uc1 \u355 ?ine echilibrul azotat;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7
\langfenp1049 cantitatea de proteine necesar\uc1 \u259 ? organismului \uc1 \u238 ?n
stare de repaus;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cantitatea }{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7
\loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 de proteine
folosit\uc1 \u259 ? de copii p\uc1 \u226 ?n\uc1 \u259 ? la un an;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7
\langfenp1049 cantitatea de proteine necesar\uc1 \u259 ? organismului \uc1 \u238 ?n
timpul somnului;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Necesitatea
zilnic\uc1 \u259 ? \uc1 \u238 ?n proteine pentru omul adult este :}{\fs20 \dbch
gr; }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 360-420 gr; }{\fs20
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 260-360 gr; }{\fs20 \lang1048
\lisa0 \nowidctlpar
\langfenp1049 100-160 gr; }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 50-100 gr;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
zilnic\uc1 \u259 ? \uc1 \u238 ?n lipide pentru omul adult este :}{\fs20 \dbch
gr; }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 200-250 gr; }
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 80-140 gr; }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 30-80 gr;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
zilnic\uc1 \u259 ? \uc1 \u238 ?n glucide pentru omul adult este :}{\fs20
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 300-400gr; }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\par }\pard \plain \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 METABOL.m.g.}{\b1 \fs17 \dbch
\langfenp1049 cm Bilan\uc1 \u355 ?ul azotat:}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 exprim\uc1 \u259 ? echilibrul
dinamic \uc1 \u238 ?ntre aportul \uc1 \u351 ?i utilizarea proteinelor;}{\fs20 \dbch
exprim\uc1 \u259 ? diferen\uc1 \u355 ?a dintre azotul ingerat \uc1 \u351 ?i cel
eliminat (prin excre\uc1 \u355 ?ie, transpira\uc1 \u355 ?ie, descuamare etc.);}
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 este echilibrat \uc1 \u238 ?n condi\uc1 \u355 ?ii de
s\uc1 \u259 ?n\uc1 \u259 ?tate \uc1 \u351 ?i solicit\uc1 \u259 ?ri obi\uc1 \u351 ?
nuite ale organismului;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 este pozitiv dac\uc1 \u259 ?
aportul proteic din diet\uc1 \u259 ? este crescut,}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 este negativ \uc1 \u1086 ?n timpul sarcinii;}
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
respiratia m.g.}{\b1 \fs17 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Cea mai scazuta
presiune partiala a oxigenului se gase\uc1 \u351 ?te in:}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 aerul
atmosferic}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 ;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 singele venos; }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 aerul alveolar; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] aerul expirat; }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langfenp1049 singele arterial;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 respiratia m.g.}{\b1 \fs17 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch
\f5 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain \fi-283
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Care din urmatorii factori nu
influenteaza fixarea oxigenului pe hemoglobina:}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langfenp1049 pO2; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] pCO2; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] temperatura; }{\b1 \fs20
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] pH; }{\fs20
\langfenp1049 viteza de circulatie; }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Frecventa respiratiei la un adult normal in repaus
este de:}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain \fi-
283 \li283 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \nowidctlpar \lin283 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \lang1049
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 40-60 resp/min; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] 30-40; }{\b1 \fs20
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [x] 16-18; }{\b1 \fs20
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] 22-}{\fs20 \lang1049
\langfenp1049 6; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par
\langfenp1049 [ ] 20-22;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain \fi-283
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Volumul de aer ,care va furniza
oxigen singelui in cursul respiratiei normale este format din:}{\fs20 \lang1048
\langfenp1049 volumul curent; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [x] volumul rezidual si volumul expirator de
rezerva;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 volumul curent si volumul rezidual;
}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain \fi-
\langfenp1049 [ ] volumul expirator de rezerva si volumul inspirator de
rezerva; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] nici un raspuns corect;}{\fs20 \lang1048
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Cum se realizeaza trecerea oxigenului din aerul
alveolar in singele venos:}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\lin283 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 }{\fs20
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 datorita gradientului de presiune intre aerul
atmosferic si aerul din singele venos;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 datorita gradientului de presiune intre pO2 din aerul alveolar si
pO2 din singele venos;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 datorita
gradientului de presiune intre pO2 din singele arterial si pO2 din singele venos;}
{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain \fi-
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 prin transport activ; }{\b1 \fs20
\langfenp1049 [ ] nici un raspuns corect;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs .In cursul unei inspiratii obisnuite presiunea
intratoracica devine:}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\par }\pard \plain
\fi-283 \li283 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \nowidctlpar \lin283 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24
\langfenp1049 pozitiva fata de presiunea atmosferica; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [x] negativa fata de presiunea
atmosferica;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 nu se modifica; }
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 egala cu presiunea atmosferica;}{\fs20
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Cea mai mare parte a CO2 care patrunde in singe este
transformat prin hidratare in H2CO3 in eritrocite (hematii) deoarece:}{\fs20
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 plasma contine o anhidraza
carbonica cu actiune lenta; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] plasma contine un exces de ioni de clor;}
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 hematiile contin o cantitate mare de
anhidraza carbonica;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 datorita
modificarii pH prin eliberarea de H+ in cursul dezoxigenarii hemoglobinei}
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Zonele reflexogene centrale (cu rol in reglarea
respiratiei) situate in regiunea ventrolaterala a bulbului sunt sensibile la:}
modificarile CO2 din lichidul cefalorahidian;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [x] modificarile H+ din lichidul cefalorahidian sau din
lichidul interstitial cerebral;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 modificarile HCO3- din lichidul interstitial cerebral ;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 modificarile compozitiei singelui arterial;}{\fs20 \lang1048
\langfenp1049 toate r[spunsurile corecte}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 ; }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs La care din urmatoarele componente din structura
hemoglobinei se poate lega O2 :}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [x] }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 hem;
\langfenp1049 [ ] globina; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] mai ales la hem;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] dupa caz la ambele; }{\fs20
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Sectionarea maduvei spinarii la nivelul C1 determina:}
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 apnee; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048
\langfenp1049 {\b1 \fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 b) }
{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] tahipnee; }{\b1
\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain \fi-283
\langfenp1049 [ ] bradipnee; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] nu afecteaza respiratia; }
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 toate raspunsurile corecte}{\fs20
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs In cursul deglutitiei respiratia este:}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 [x] }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 oprita;
\langfenp1049 [ ] accelerata; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] incetinita; }{\b1 \fs20
\langfenp1049 [ ] nu se modifica; }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Care din cele doua faze respiratorii este activa in
respiratia linistita, in repaus:}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
inspiratia; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] expiratia; }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langfenp1049 ambele faze sunt active;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] mbele faze sunt pasive}{\b1 \fs20
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain \fi-283 \li283
\ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \nowidctlpar \lin283 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \lang1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] toate raspunsurile corecte;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs In inspiratie plaminii urmeaza miscarile cutiei
toracice datorita:}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 surfactantului; }{\b1
\langfenp1049 [ ] scaderii presiunii intrapulmonare;}{\fs20 \lang1048
\langfenp1049 scaderii presiunii intrapleurale;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] tesutului pulmonar elastic;}
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Chemoreceptorii sensibili la hipoxie sunt situati
in:}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain \fi-
chi; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain
\fi-283 \li283 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \nowidctlpar \lin283 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \lang1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] centrii respiratiri; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] peretii vaselor mari;}{\fs20
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 organe cu metabolism intens; }{\b1 \fs20
\langfenp1049 [x] corpusculul carotidian;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Respiratia se opreste in caz de
sectiune:}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 la nivelul santului bulbopontin;}{\fs20
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 sub decusatia piramidala (nivelul bulbar
inferior);}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 sub C5;}{\fs20 \lang1048
\langfenp1049 zona mediopontina si concomitent se sectioneaza nervii vagi;}
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Respiratia se pastreaza in caz de sectiune:}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 la
nivelul santului bulbopontin;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 sub decustia piramidala (nivelul bulbar inferior);}{\fs20
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 sub C5;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langfenp1049 zona mediopontina si concomitentse sectioneaza nervii vagi;}{\b1
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
cs Ce procese de transport prin membrane intervin in schimburile gazoase:}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 osmoza}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 ;}
{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] transport activ}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 filtrare}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 ;}
{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 }{\b1 \fs20
\langfenp1049 [x] difuziune}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 ;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 }{\b1
\langfenp1049 [ ] transport cu carausi}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Cea mai mare cantitata de CO2 este trasportata de la
tesuturi spre plamini in forma:}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 dizolvat}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 ;}
{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] legat de proteine}{\fs20
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] legat de Hb ca HbCO2}{\fs20 \lang1049
\langfenp1049 bicarbonati de sodiu}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 ;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 }{\b1
\langfenp1049 [ ] acid carbonic}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 respiratia m.g.}{\b1 \fs17 \dbch
cs Cea mai mica cantitate de CO2 este transportata de la tesuturi spre plamini in
forma:}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 dizolvat}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] legat de proteine}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 ;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 }
{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain \fi-
\langfenp1049 [ ] legat de Hb ca HbCO2}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049
bicarbonat de sodiu}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 ;}{\fs20
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] acid carbonic}{\fs20
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Presiunea in cavitatea pleurala in timpul inspiratiei
normale este egala cu:}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 -20 mm
Hg; }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 -9 mm Hg ; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] +5 mm Hg; }{\b1 \fs20
\langfenp1049 [ ] -3 mm Hg; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] +2 mm Hg;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 {\b1 \fs17 \dbch \af5
\langfenp1049 respiratia m.g.}{\b1 \fs17 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Volumul spatiului mort este egal
cu:}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain \fi-
\langfenp1049 1200 ml; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] 350 ml;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [x] 140 ml; }{\fs20
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 750 ml; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] 500 ml; }{\fs20 \lang1048
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Capacitatea pulmonala totala:}{\fs20 \lang1048
\langfenp1049 3500 ml;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 1500 ml;}
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 5000 - 6000 ml;}{\fs20 \lang1048
\langfenp1049 2500 ml;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 4500 ml;}
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Centrul pneumotaxic este localizat in :}{\fs20
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 hipotalamus;}{\fs20
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 maduva spinarii;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langfenp1049 puntea lui Varoli;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 bulbul rahidian;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 scoarta cerebrala;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs In pneumotorax deschis presiunea in cavitatea pleurala
\langfenp1049 mai mica decit cea atmosferica; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [x] egala cu cea atmosferica;}
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 mai mare decit cea atmosferica; }{\b1
\langfenp1049 [ ] se schimba in dependenta de fazele ciclului respirator;}{\fs20
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs La sfir}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 s}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 itul unei
expiratii fortate cu glota inchisa, presiunea intrapulmonara este:}{\fs20 \lang1048
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 mai mica fata de presiunea atmosferica;
\langfenp1049 [x] mai mare fata de presiunea atmosferica;}{\fs20 \lang1048
\langfenp1049 {\b1 \fs17 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 c) }{\fs17 \dbch \af5 \hich
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 egala cu presiunea atmosferica;}
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Care din cele doua faze respiratorii este activa in
respiratia fortata:}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\langfenp1049 inspiratia; }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 expiratia; }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 ambele faze sunt active; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] ambele faze sunt pasive; }
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Un gram (1 g) de hemoglobina poate fixa urmatoarea
cantitate (in ml) de O2:}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 15; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [x] 1,34; }{\b1 \fs20
\langfenp1049 [ ] 2,58; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
d) }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] 3,15; }
\langfenp1049 [ ] 0,58;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Expiratia obisnuita este un proces realizat pe
seama:}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain
\langfenp1049 elasticitatii pulmonare; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [x] elasticitatii ligamentelor si
cartilajelor costale;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
contractiei muschilor intercostali interni si a diafragmului;}{\fs20 \lang1048
\langfenp1049 contractiei muschilor toracali si abdominali; }{\b1 \fs20
\langfenp1049 [ ] nici un raspuns corect;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm In cursul hipoventilatiei pulmonale se produce:}
\langfenp1049 hipercapnie; }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 anoxie; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [x] hipoxie; }{\b1 \fs20
\langfenp1049 [ ] hipocapnie; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] hiperoxie;}{\fs20 \lang1048
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm La ce valori ale presiunilor partiale ale O2 si CO2
au loc schimbarile gazoase la nivel pulmonar intre aerul alveolar si singele
venos:}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 pO2
alveolar 110 mm Hg - pO2 singe venos 70 mm Hg; }{\fs20 \lang1048
\langfenp1049 pCO2 alveolar 40 mm Hg - pCO2 singe venos 46 mm Hg; }{\b1
\langfenp1049 [x] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 p}
{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 O2 alveolar 100 mm Hg -
pO2 singe venos 40 mm Hg; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] pCO2 alveolar 46 mm Hg - pCO2 singe
venos 40 mm Hg; }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Generarea si acumularea locala a CO2 in tesuturile in
activitate intensa determina:}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\u351 ?terea pH; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [x] scaderea afinitatii hemoglobinei pentru
O2;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain \fi-
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 scaderea pH; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [x] vasodilatatie; }{\fs20
\u351 ?terea afinitatii hemoglobinei pentru O2;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
cm. Cresterea temperaturii la nivel tisular determina:}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langfenp1049 vasoconstrictie; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] intensificarea respiratiei; }{\b1
\langfenp1049 [x] vasodilatatie;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 disocierea HbO2; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [x] scaderea afinitatii Hb pentru O2;}
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm. Capacitatea vitala a plaminilor este formata din:}
\langfenp1049 }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par
}\pard \plain \fi-283 \li283 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \nowidctlpar \lin283 \rin0
\langfenp1049 volumul curent (VC); }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [x] volumul expirator de rezerva
(VER); }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 volumul rezidual (VR);}{\fs20
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 volumul inspirator de rezerva (VIR); }
\langfenp1049 [ ] Volumul expirator maxim( VEM);}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain \fi-283 \li283 \ri0
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm. Cu un spirometru se pot determina direct
urmatoarele volume de aer:}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 volumul inspirator de rezerva;
\langfenp1049 [ ] capacitatea functionala reziduala;}{\fs20 \lang1048
\langfenp1049 volumul curent; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [x] capacitatea vitala; }{\b1
\langfenp1049 [x] volumul expirator de rezerva;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm In ce conditii are loc devierea spre dreapta a curbei
de disociere a oxihemoglobinei:}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cre\uc1 \u351 ?terea pH; }
\langfenp1049 [x] scaderea pH; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [x] cresterea pCO2 ; }{\fs20
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 scaderea pCO2 ; }{\fs20 \lang1048
\langfenp1049 cresterea temperaturii;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Surfactantul ,substanta tensioactiva formata din
proteine si fosfolipide are rol de:}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [x] }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 scaderea
tensiunii superficiale intraalveolare; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
cre\uc1 \u351 ?terea tensiunii superficiale intraalveolare;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 asigura stabilitatea alveolelor;
\langfenp1049 [ ] provoaca atelectaza alveolelor;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Factorii de care depinde rata difuziunii gazelor prin
membrana respiratorie sunt:}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 grosimea membranei; }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langfenp1049 marimea suprafetei membranei; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] volumul curent respirator;}
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 coeficientul de difuziune alveolo-capilar;
\langfenp1049 [ ] toate raspunsurile corecte;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Volumul rezidual este aerul :}{\fs20 \lang1048
\langfenp1049 care ramine in alveole si nu poate fi expulzat in mod normal;}
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 care ramine in alveole si nu poate fi
expulzat decit prin expiratia fortata;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 c) }{\fs17 \dbch
\af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [x] }
{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 aerul alveolar care este
expulzat din plamini partial doar la deschiderea cutiei toracice;}{\fs20
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm In inspiratie normala se contracta urmatorii muschi:}
\langfenp1049 abdomenului; }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 intercostali externi ; }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langfenp1049 diafragmului; }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 pectorali; }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 intercostali interni;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfenp1049 Care dintre urmatorii factori provoaca hiperventilatie pulmonara:}
adrenalina in doze mici; }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 presiunea partiala crescuta a O2 in singe;}{\fs20 \lang1048
\langfenp1049 presiunea partiala crescuta a CO2 in singe;}{\fs20 \lang1048
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 d) }{\fs17
[x] }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 concentratia marita a
ionilor de H+ in lichidulm cefalorahidian ; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Care sunt functiile nerespiratorii ale plaminilor:}
\langfenp1049 sinteza de proteine; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [x] rezervor (depou) de singe (10-
12%);}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 s}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 chimbul gazos respirator aer - singe si singe - aer; }{\fs20
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 vehicularea de aer prin sistemul de cai
aeriene; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [x] aparare contra agresiunilor aerogene;}{\fs20
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Care sunt functiile respiratorii ale plaminilor:}
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 controlul presiunii sangvine pulmonare;
\langfenp1049 [ ] eliberarea substantelor volatile din singe;}{\fs20 \lang1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 schimbul gazos respirator aer-
singe \uc1 \u351 ?i singe-aer; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] schimbul substantelor
liposolubile; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\itap0 \fs24 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 {\b1 \fs20 \lang1048
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 e) }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [x] vehicularea de aer prin caile aeriene;}{\fs20 \lang1048
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm La nivelul plaminilor sistemul nervos simpatic
determina:}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langfenp1049 vasoconstrictie in circulatia pulmonara; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [x] bronhodilatatie;}{\fs20
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 vasodilatatie in ramurile arterei pulmonare;
\langfenp1049 [ ] bronhoconstrictie;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 toate raspunsurile }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 corecte;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Capacitatea pulmonara totala cu valoarea medie de
5000-6000 ml este formata din :}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 volumul expirator de rezerva; }
\langfenp1049 [ ] volumul curent; }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langfenp1049 volumul inspirator de rezerva;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langfenp1049 volumul rezidual; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [x] toate raspunsurile corecte; }{\fs20
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfenp1049 }{\b1 \fs17 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5 \lang1033 \langnp1033
cs Ce reprezinta spirometria::}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 determinarea volumelor pulmonare; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] inregistrarea miscarilor
respiratorii;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 determinarea amplitudinii
miscarilor respiratorii;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
inregistrarea volumelor respiratorii:}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 determinarea vitezei fluxului de aer prin caile respiratorii;}
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Preciza\uc1 \u355 ?i
r\uc1 \u259 ?spunsurile corecte referitoare la c\uc1 \u259 ?ile respiratorii
\uc1 \u351 ?i }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 alveole:}
\hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 structurile
cartilaginoase din peretele traheei , bronhiilor \uc1 \u351 ?i bronhioleleor
previn colabarea peretelui acestora;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7
\hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 c\uc1 \u259 ?
ile respiratorii au rol important \uc1 \u238 ?n protejarea pl\uc1 \u259 ?m\uc1
\u238 ?nilor de particulele de praf din aer;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7
\loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain \fi-
ile respiratorii cu diametrul mic determin\uc1 \u259 ? rezisten\uc1 \u355 ?a
maxima a aerului;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langfenp1049 alveolele servesc numai pentru schimbul de gaze;}{\fs20 \lang1048
surfactantului este obligatorie in alveole;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm La un
subiect s\uc1 \u259 ?n\uc1 \u259 ?tos, cu o capacitate pulmonar\uc1 \u259 ?
total\uc1 \u259 ? de 6,0 l :}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 volumul total de repaus este de circa 1,0 l;}{\fs20 \lang1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 capacitatea vital\uc1 \u259 ?
este egal\uc1 \u259 ? cu capacitatea pulmonar\uc1 \u259 ? total\uc1 \u259 ?;}{\fs20
capacitatea r}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 ezidual\uc1 \u259 ? func\uc1 \u355 ?ional\uc1 \u259 ?
este de circa 2,0 l;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 volumul exspirator de
rezerv\uc1 \u259 ?, \uc1 \u238 ?n repaus, poate fi de circa 1,0 l;}{\fs20 \dbch
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 volumul respirator maxim pe secund\uc1 \u259 ? poate fi
de circa 3,5l;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Urm\uc1 \u259 ?toarele
afirma\uc1 \u355 ?ii se refer\uc1 \u259 ? la ventila\uc1 \u355 ?ie \uc1 \u351 ?i
schimbul de gaze:}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 spa\uc1 \u355 ?iul mort
anatomic este zona conductiv\uc1 \u259 ? care nu particip\uc1 \u259 ? la schimbul
de gaze;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 spa\uc1 \u355 ?iul mort
fiziologic este mai mare , ca spa\uc1 \u355 ?iul mort anatomic;}{\fs20 \dbch
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 spa\uc1 \u355 ?iul mort anatomic este independent de
volumul total;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \uc1 \u238 ?n ortostatism,
ventila\uc1 \u355 ?ia alveolar\uc1 \u259 ? este totdeauna mai mare la baza
pl\uc1 \u259 ?m\uc1 \u238 ?nilor;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 capacitatea de difuziune a CO}{\fs13 \dn4
\loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \uc1 \u238 ?n pl\uc1
\u259 ?m\uc1 \u238 ?ni este circa 20 ori mai mare ca}{\fs20 \lang1048
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 O}{\fs13 \dn4 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 , deoarece coeficientul s\uc1 \u259 ?u de
solubilitate este de 24 ori m ai mare ca a O}{\fs13 \dn4 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 2}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
afirma\uc1 \u355 ?ii se refer\uc1 \u259 ? la ritmul respirator:}{\fs20 \lang1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 mu\uc1 \u351 ?chii respiratori
au o activitate intrinsec\uc1 \u259 ? ritmic\uc1 \u259 ?;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7
centrii respiratori, pentru generarea ritmului respirator, sunt localiza\uc1 \u355
?i \uc1 \u238 ?n bulbul rahidian;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7
\hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 respira\uc1
\u355 ?ia continu\uc1 \u259 ? \uc1 \u351 ?i dac\uc1 \u259 ? toate aferen\uc1
\u355 ?ele nervoase sunt \uc1 \u238 ?ntrerupte;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7
\loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain \fi-
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 pri}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 nccipalul mu\uc1 \u351 ?chi
respirator este diafragma;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \uc1 \u238 ?n cursul
expira\uc1 \u355 ?iei, cre\uc1 \u351 ?te tonusul mu\uc1 \u351 ?chilor intercostali
externi;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Concentra\uc1 \u355 ?
ia cea mai mic\uc1 \u259 ? de CO}{\fs13 \dn4 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 2}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 este:}
\af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \uc1 \u238 ?n
spa\uc1 \u355 ?iul mort anatomic, la sf\uc1 \u238 ?r\uc1 \u351 ?itul inspira\uc1
\u355 ?iei;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \uc1 \u238 ?n spa\uc1 \u355 ?
iul mort anatomic, la sf\uc1 \u238 ?r\uc1 \u351 ?itul expira\uc1 \u355 ?iei;}
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \uc1 \u238 ?n alveole, la sf\uc1 \u238 ?r\uc1 \u351 ?itul
inspira\uc1 \u355 ?iei;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048
\langfenp1049 \uc1 \u1086 ?n alveole, la sf}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \uc1 \u238 ?r\uc1 \u351 ?itul
expira\uc1 \u355 ?iei;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langfenp1049 \uc1 \u1086 ?n s\uc1 \u1086 ?ngele venelor pulmonare;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 {\b1 \fs17 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch
\f5 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Volumul de aer care
r\uc1 \u259 ?m\uc1 \u238 ?ne in pl\uc1 \u259 ?m\uc1 \u238 ?ni dup\uc1 \u259 ? o
expira\uc1 \u355 ?ie normal\uc1 \u259 ? reprezint\uc1 \u259 ?:}{\fs20 \lang1048
\langfenp1049 capacitatea inspiratorie;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 volumul}
\langfenp1049 expirator de rezerv\uc1 \u259 ? \uc1 \u351 ?i volumul curent;}{\fs20
volumul inspirator de rezerv\uc1 \u259 ?;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
volumul rezidual \uc1 \u351 ?i volumul expirator de rezerv\uc1 \u259 ?;}{\fs20
capacitatea pulmonar\uc1 \u259 ? total\uc1 \u259 ?;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Procentul de Hb saturat cu O}{\fs13 \dn4 \lang1048
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 2}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 va cre\uc1 \u351 ?te dac\uc1 \u259
? :}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 pCO}
{\fs13 \dn4 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 2}{\fs20 \dbch \af7
\hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 arterial
cre\uc1 \u351 ?te;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langfenp1049 pO}{\fs13 \dn4 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 2}
\langfenp1049 arterial cre\uc1 \u351 ?te;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch
\af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 concentra\uc1
\u355 ?ia Hb cre\uc1 \u351 ?te;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 temperatura cre\uc1 \u351 ?te;}
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 pH-ul
arterial scade;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\loch \f5
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 }{\b1 \fs17 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5
\loch \f5 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 respiratia m.g.}{\b1
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Capacitatea de difuziune a pl\uc1 \u259 ?
m\uc1 \u238 ?nilor pentru O}{\fs13 \dn4 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 2}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 depinde
de :}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain \li0
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 d}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 ebitul cardiac;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 concentra\uc1 \u355 ?ia Hb \uc1 \u238 ?n capilarele
sanguine pulmonare;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 suprafa\uc1 \u355 ?a
alveolar\uc1 \u259 ? de schimb;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048
\langfenp1049 grosimea membranei alveolocapilare;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Ritmul respirator de
baz\uc1 \u259 ? este generat de}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 :}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 centrul apneustic;}{\fs20 \lang1048
\langfenp1049 centrul pneumotaxic;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [x] }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 centrul
respirator bulbar;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 nucleul parabrahial;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 cerebel,}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Volumul respirator curent:}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 r}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 eprezint\uc1 \u259 ? ventila\uc1
\u355 ?ia de repaus,, \uc1 \u238 ?n timpul unui singur ciclu respirator;}{\fs20
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 are valoare de aproximativ 3500
ml;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 este de aproximativ 5000 ml;}{\fs20 \lang1048
\langfenp1049 este de aproximativ 500 ml;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 are valori variabile \uc1 \u238
?n func\uc1 \u355 ?ie de talia individului;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Cedarea CO}{\fs13 \dn4 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 la pl\uc1 \u259 ?m\uc1 \u238 ?ni este
favorizat\uc1 \u259 ? de :}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048
\langfenp1049 fluxul aerian;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
rezisten\uc1 \u355 ?a c\uc1 \u259 ?ilor aeriene;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 oxigenarea Hb;}{\fs20 \lang1048
\langfenp1049 pompa de schimb Cl}{\fs13 \up10 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 -}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 /HCO}{\fs13
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 }{\fs13 \up10 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 -}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 din membrana eritrocitar\uc1 \u259 ?;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7
\hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 gradientul
presiunii par\uc1 \u355 ?iale a CO}{\fs13 \dn4 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 2}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 ;}{\fs20
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Prin efectul Hal}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 dane se \uc1 \u238 ?n\uc1
\u355 ?elege influen\uc1 \u355 ?a pO}{\fs13 \dn4 \lang1048 \langnp1048
din s\uc1 \u1086 ?nge asupra :}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 capacit\uc1 \u259 ?\uc1 \u355 ?ii de saturare a Hb cu O}
{\fs13 \dn4 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 2}{\fs20 \lang1048
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 ;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 capacit\uc1 \u259 ?\uc1 \u355 ?
ii de transport a CO;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048
ii de disociere a HbO}{\fs13 \dn4 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
2}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 ;}{\fs20 \lang1048
ii de transport a CO}{\fs13 \dn4 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 2}
{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 ; }{\fs20 \lang1048
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs \uc1 \u206 ?n timpul
contrac\uc1 \u355 ?iei diafragmului, presiunea din spa\uc1 \u355 ?iul interpleural
devine:}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 egal cu
0;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain
\af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 mai pozitiv\uc1
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 mai negativ\uc1 \u259 ?;}{\fs20
egal\uc1 \u259 ? cu presiunea din alveole;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch
\af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 egal\uc1 \u259 ? cu
presiunea din atmosfer\uc1 \u259 ?;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Devierea spre st\uc1 \u1086 ?nga a curbei de disociere
a HbO}{\fs13 \dn4 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 2}{\fs20 \dbch
indic\uc1 \u259 ?:}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048
\langfenp1049 c}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 re\uc1 \u351 ?terea afinit\uc1 \u259 ?\uc1 \u355 ?ii HbO}
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 ;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 reducerea afinit\uc1
\u259 ?\uc1 \u355 ?ii HbO}{\fs13 \dn4 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 2}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 (cre\uc1 \u351 ?terea P}{\fs13 \dn4 \lang1048
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 );}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 modific\uc1 \u259 ?rile pulmonare de fixare a O}{\fs13
modific\uc1 \u259 ?rrile periferice de cedare a O}{\fs13 \dn4 \lang1048 \langnp1048
; }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Ritmul respirator de
baz\uc1 \u259 ? este generat de:}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7
\langfenp1049 grupul neuronilor respiratori bulbari;}{\fs20 \lang1048
\langfenp1049 centrul pneumotaxic;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 centrul
apneustic;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 hipotalamus,}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langfenp1049 scoar}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \uc1 \u355 ?a cerebral\uc1 \u259 ?;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm \uc1 \u206 ?n cursul
expira\uc1 \u355 ?iei for\uc1 \u355 ?ate , musculatura activ\uc1 \u259 ? este
reprezentat\uc1 \u259 ? de :}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048
\f5 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 a) }{\fs17 \dbch \af5 \hich
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 sternocleidomastoidieni;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 diafragm;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par
mu\uc1 \u351 ?chii abdominali;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048
\langfenp1049 intercostali interni;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 scaleni;}
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Spirometrul poate fi
utilizat pentru m\uc1 \u259 ?surarea direct\uc1 \u259 ? a:}{\fs20 \dbch \af7
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 c}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 apacit\uc1 \u259 ?\uc1 \u355 ?ii
func\uc1 \u355 ?ionale reziduale;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7
ii inspiratorii;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langfenp1049 volumului rezidual;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 capacit\uc1 \u259 ?\uc1 \u355 ?ii pulmonare totale;}
raspuns corect}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 ;}{\fs20
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Capacitatea de
difuziune a oxigenului la nivel pulmonar este determinat\uc1 \u259 ? de urm\uc1
\u259 ?torii factori, cu excep\uc1 \u355 ?ia unuia:}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 debitul cardiac;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 gradientul de presiune
par\uc1 \u355 ?ial\uc1 \u259 ? a O}{\fs13 \dn4 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 2}{\fs20
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 din aerul alveolar spre s\uc1
\u1086 ?ngele din capilarele pulmonare;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 concentra\uc1 \u355 ?ia de hemoglobin\uc1 \u259 ? din
s\uc1 \u238 ?ngele capilarelor pulmonare;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 suprafa\uc1 \u355 ?a
alveolar\uc1 \u259 ? de schimb;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048
\langfenp1049 grosimea membranei alveolo-capilare;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Hiperventila\uc1 \u355
?ia poate fi produs\uc1 \u259 ? prin stimularea urm\uc1 \u259 ?torilor receptori cu
excep\uc1 \u355 ?ia:}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048
\langfenp1049 chemoreceptorii periferici;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 receptorii I de irita\uc1
\u355 ?ie (receptori cu adaptare rapid\uc1 \u259 ?);}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 algoreceptorii periferici;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 presoreceptorii pulmonari;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langfenp1049 receptorii J (juxtacapilari);}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Apneea se produce prin
stimularea urm\uc1 \u259 ?torilor receptori:}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7
\langfenp1049 receptorilor de distinsie;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 receptorilor de irita\uc1 \u355
?ie (receptori I);}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langfenp1049 receptorilor juxtacapilari (receptori J);}{\fs20 \lang1048
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 d) }{\fs17
[x] }{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 receptorilor cutana\uc1 \u355 ?i stimula\uc1 \u355 ?i de r\uc1
\u259 ?cirea tegumentului;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 receptorilor cutana\uc1 \u355 ?
i stimula\uc1 \u355 ?i de \uc1 \u238 ?nc\uc1 \u259 ?lzirea \uc1 \u351 ?i r\uc1
\u259 ?cirea alternativ\uc1 \u259 ? a tegumen}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 tului;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Inspira\uc1 \u355 ?ia
normal\uc1 \u259 ? rezult\uc1 \u259 ? din :}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch
\af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 sc\uc1 \u259 ?derea
presiunii interpleurale;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048
alveolare;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 revenirea
toracelui la dimensiunile de repaus;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
diafragmului;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs \uc1 \u1054 ?n cursul inspira}{\fs20 \dbch \af7
\hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \uc1 \u355 ?
iei, la un subiect s\uc1 \u259 ?n\uc1 \u259 ?tos \uc1 \u238 ?n repaus:}{\fs20
cre\uc1 \u351 ?te presiunea intrapulmonar\uc1 \u259 ?;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7
\af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cre\uc1 \u351 ?te
presiunea intraabdominal\uc1 \u259 ?;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7
\langfenp1049 scade presiunea intraabdominala}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 se produce un effort muscular mai mic fa\uc1 \u355 ?\uc1
\u259 ? de cel din faza ini\uc1 \u355 ?ial\uc1 \u259 ? a expira\uc1 \u355 ?iei;}
\langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0
\langfenp1049 laringele este ridicat;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Spa\uc1 \u355 ?iul
mort anatomic:}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 este identic cu capacitatea
func\uc1 \u355 ?ional\uc1 \u259 ? rezidual\uc1 \u259 ?;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich
reprezint\uc1 \u259 ? 5% din capacitatea func\uc1 \u355 ?ional\uc1 \u259 ?
rezidual\uc1 \u259 ?,}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 reprezint\uc1 \u259 ? 5% din
capacitatea total\uc1 \u259 ? pulmonar\uc1 \u259 ?;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 volumul lui depinde de volumul inspirator;}
\af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \uc1 \u351 ?i
spa\uc1 \u355 ?iul mort fiziologic se determin\uc1 \u259 ? prin diferite metode,
valorile spa\uc1 \u355 ?iului mort fiziologic fiind mai mari fa\uc1 \u355 ?\uc1
\u259 ? de cele ale spa\uc1 \u355 ?iului mort anatomic \uc1 \u238 ?n condi\uc1
\u355 ?ii patologice;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Coeficientul respirator:}{\fs20 \lang1048
\langfenp1049 scade \uc1 \u1086 ?n cursul efortului fizic intens,}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 scade \uc1 \u1086 ?n cursul acidozei metabolice;}{\fs20 \lang1048
\langfenp1049 scade \uc1 \u1086 ?n ambele situa}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7
\loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \uc1 \u355 ?ii de mai
sus;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cre\uc1 \u351 ?te \uc1 \u238 ?n cursul
hiperventila\uc1 \u355 ?iei;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cre\uc1 \u351 ?te la un subiect
care trece de la o diet\uc1 \u259 ? predominant glucidic\uc1 \u259 ?, la o diet\uc1
\u259 ? mai bogat\uc1 \u259
? \uc1 \u238 ?n lipide;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
?toarele func\uc1 \u355 ?ii nu apar\uc1 \u355 ?in pl\uc1 \u259 ?m\uc1 \u238 ?
nilor?}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 prevenirea trecerii embolilor spre aort\uc1 \u259 ?;}
fibrinoliza,}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 conversia
angiotensinei I \uc1 \u238 ?n angiotenssin\uc1 \u259 ? II;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7
\hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 eliberarea
\uc1 \u238 ?n circula\uc1 \u355 ?ie a adrenalinei,, vasopresinei \uc1 \u351 ?i
oxitocinei;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 men\uc1 \u355 ?inerea
echilibrului fluido-coagulant;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 c}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 s Care din urm\uc1 \u259 ?torii factori
afecteaz\uc1 \u259 ?,, \uc1 \u238 ?n cea mai mare m\uc1 \u259 ?ssur\uc1 \u259 ?,,
capacitatea s\uc1 \u238 ?ngelui de a transporta O}{\fs13 \dn4 \lang1048 \langnp1048
?}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain \li0
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 solubilitatea O}{\fs13 \dn4 \lang1048
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 2 }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cantitatea de hemoglobin\uc1 \u259 ?;}{\fs20 \dbch
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 pH-ul plasmei,}{\fs20 \lang1048
\langfenp1049 CO}{\fs13 \dn4 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 2}
{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 din hematii;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 temperatura s\uc1 \u1086 ?ngelui;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1
\hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Contrac\uc1
\u355 ?ia diafragmului produce :}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 sc\uc1 \u259 ?derea presiunii
intrapleurale;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048
intrapleurale;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048
diametrului a}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 nteroposterior
al abdomenului;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
sc\uc1 \u259 ?derea tendin\uc1 \u355 ?ei de retrac\uc1 \u355 ?ie a pl\uc1 \u259 ?
m\uc1 \u238 ?nului;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langfenp1049 toate raspunsurile corecte}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm La sf\uc1 \u238 ?r\uc1
\u351 ?itul unei inspira\uc1 \u355 ?ii normale:}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7
\af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 presiunea
alveolar\uc1 \u259 ? este mai mare ca cea intrapleural\uc1 \u259 ?;}{\fs20 \dbch
presiunea alveolar\uc1 \u259 ? este mai mic\uc1 \u259 ? ca cea atmosferic\uc1 \u259
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 presiunea intrapleural\uc1 \u259 ? este mai mic\uc1
\u259 ? ca cea atmosferic\uc1 \u259 ?;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 presiunea intrapleural\uc1
\u259 ? este mai mare ca presiunea de recul elastic al pl\uc1 \u259 ?m\uc1 \u238 ?
nului;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\hich \af5 \loch \f5 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 659).}{\b1
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs CO}{\fs13 \dn4 \lang1048 \langnp1048
:}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain \li0
\af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 faciliteaz\uc1 \u259
? fixarea O}{\fs13 \dn4 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 2}{\fs20
\dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 pe
hemoglobin\uc1 \u259 ?;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 este transportat \uc1 \u238 ?n
s\uc1 \u238 ?ngele arterial \uc1 \u238 ?n principal \uc1 \u238 ?n form\uc1 \u259 ?
molecular\uc1 \u259 ?, dizolvat\uc1 \u259 ?;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 dac\uc1 \u259 ? se adaug\uc1
\u259 ? s\uc1 \u238 ?ngelui, nu determin\uc1 \u259 ? modificarea concentra\uc1
\u355 ?iei de ion bicarbonic;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 p\uc1 \u259 ?trunde \uc1
\u238 ?n capilare prin difuziune, din \uc1 \u355 ?esuturi;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 este transportat}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7
\loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \uc1 \u238 ?n principal
ca \uc1 \u351 ?i compu\uc1 \u351 ?i carbaminici;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Curba de disociere a CO}{\fs13 \dn4 \lang1048
\langfenp1049 pentru s\uc1 \u1086 ?ngele integral :}{\fs20 \lang1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 este independent\uc1 \u259 ? de
concentra\uc1 \u355 ?ia he}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
moglobinei;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 reflect\uc1
\u259 ? interrela\uc1 \u355 ?ia \uc1 \u238 ?ntre HbCO}{\fs13 \dn4 \lang1048
\langfenp1049 pCO}{\fs13 \dn4 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 2}
\langfenp1049 are aspect sigmoid;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 reflect\uc1 \u259 ? interrela\uc1 \u355 ?ia \uc1 \u238 ?
ntre toate formele de CO}{\fs13 \dn4 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 2}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 din s\uc1 \u238 ?nge \uc1 \u351 ?i pCO}{\fs13 \dn4
\dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 nu
prezint\uc1 \u259 ? satura\uc1 \u355 ?ie;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Circula\uc1 \u355 ?ia
pulmonar\uc1 \u259 ? se caracterizeaz\uc1 \u259 ? prin urm\uc1 \u259 ?toarele
elemente cu excep\uc1 \u355 ?ia unora:}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 este un circuit cu presiune
sc\uc1 \u259 ?zut\uc1 \u259 ?;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 are o capacitate crescut\uc1
\u259 ? de adaptare, prin cre\uc1 \u351 ?terea flux}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 ului;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 este reglat\uc1 \u259 ? \uc1 \u238 ?n principal prin
mecanisme nervoase vegetative;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 arterele au o
musculatur\uc1 \u259 ? neted\uc1 \u259 ? redus\uc1 \u259 ?;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich
\hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 este unicul
circuit care prime\uc1 \u351 ?te debitul cardiac \uc1 \u238 ?n totalitate;}{\fs20
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Surfactantul :}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 este o pelicul\uc1 \u259 ?
sub\uc1 \u355 ?ire de lipoproteine tensioactive;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch
\af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 asigur\uc1 \u259 ?
stabilitatea formei alveolelor;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \uc1 \u238 ?mpiedic\uc1 \u259 ?
filtrarea lichidelor din intersti\uc1 \u355 ?iu \uc1 \u351 ?i capilare spre }{\fs20
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 alveolele pulmonare;}{\fs20
emulsionarea particulelor inhalate u\uc1 \u351 ?ur\uc1 \u238 ?nd procesul de
fagocitare a macrofagilor;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Volumul
spa\uc1 \u355 ?iului mort anatomic se modific\uc1 \u259 ?:}{\fs20 \dbch \af7
\hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 la
administrarea atropinei se m\uc1 \u259 ?re\uc1 \u351 ?te;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7
\hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 la
administrarea acetilcolinei se mic\uc1 \u351 ?oreaz\uc1 \u259 ?;}{\fs20 \dbch
\dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 la
excitarea sistemului simpatic se m\uc1 \u259 ?re\uc1 \u351 ?te;}{\fs20 \dbch
\dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 nu
se modific\uc1 \u259 ?;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048
\langfenp1049 toate raspunsurile corecte}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 .}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 singele
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Care este natura anticorpilor. Din ce fractie proteica
fac parte:}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 albumine ; }{\fs20 \lang1048
\langfenp1049 alfa globuline; }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langfenp1049 glicoproteine; }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
gamaglobuline; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] lipoproteine;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 singele m.g.}{\b1 \fs17 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Unde sunt produsi anticorpii:}{\fs20
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 in reticulocite; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] in monocite; }
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 in ficat; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [x] in plasmocite; }
\langfenp1049 e) }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] in
trombocite}{\fs17 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs In ce caz apare accident datorat incompatibilitatii
mama-fat:}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 la prima sarcina cu fat Rh+ si mama Rh-;
\langfenp1049 b) }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [x] la a 2
sarcina cu fat Rh+ si mama Rh-;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 la prima
sarcina cu fat Rh- si mama Rh+ ; }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langfenp1049 la a 2 sarcina cu fat Rh- si mama Rh+;}{\fs20 \lang1048
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Prin intermediul caror celule se realizeaza imunitatea
celulara:}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 reticulocite; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] plasmocite; }{\b1 \fs20
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [x] limfocite T; }{\b1 \fs20
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] monocite; }{\fs20
\langfenp1049 limfocite B;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Care este functia limfocitelor T:}{\fs20 \lang1048
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 asigura imunitatea celulara; }
asigura imunitatea umorala;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
dezvoltarea timusului; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] asigura limfopoeza ; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] asigura trecerea apei in
celule;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Care este functia limfocitelor B:}{\fs20 \lang1048
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 asigura imunitatea celulara;}{\fs20 \lang1048
\langfenp1049 [x] }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 asigura
imunitatea umorala;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 asigura dezvoltarea
timusului; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] asigura limfopoeza; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] asigura trecerea apei in
celule;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs In procesul coagularii trombina are urmatoarele
actiuni:}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 de
activare a F XII; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] de activare a F IX; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [x] catalizeaza transformarea
fibrinogenului in fibrina;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
faciliteaza polimerizarea fibrinogenului;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 favorizeaza desfasurarea reactiilor plachetare;}{\fs20 \lang1048
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs In conditii fiziologice, actiunea proteolitica a
plasminei se exercita asupra :}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 fibrinogenului; }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langfenp1049 factorilor V,VIII,VII,IX,XIII; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] caseinei;}{\fs20 \lang1048
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [x] }{\fs20 \lang1048
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 fibrinei; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] gamaglobulinelor;}{\fs20
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Cum se numeste starea patologica aparuta la nou}
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 nascut cu incompatibilitatea materno-fetala
in }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain
sistemul Rh:}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langfenp1049 hemofilie; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] trombocitopenie;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] icter nuclear; }{\b1
eritroblastoza fetala; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] anemie; }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Ce se intimpla cu hematiile puse intr-o solutie
hipotona:}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 se ratatineaza (se zbircesc); }{\b1
\langfenp1049 b) }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [x] se
hemolizeaza; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] ramin nemodificate;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
aglutineaza; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 {\b1 \fs20 \lang1048
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 e) }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [x] se umfla;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Ce se intimpla cu hematiile puse intr-o solutie
hipertona:}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 se hemolizeaza; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] se aglutineaza; }{\b1 \fs20
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [x] se ratatineaza}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 (se zbircesc)}{\fs20 \lang1048
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 ramin
nemodificate; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] se precipita;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Ce regleaza specific eritropoeza:}{\fs20 \lang1048
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 vit.B12; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] concentratia oxigenului
arterial; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\langfenp1049 [x] eritropoetina;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 hormonii
glandelor endocrine; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] sistemul nervos vegetativ;}{\fs20 \lang1048
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 singele m.g.}{\b1 \fs17 \dbch
{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Ce regleaza nespecific
eritropoeza:}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 eritropoetinele; }{\fs20 \lang1048
\langfenp1049 vitaminele; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] hormonii; }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langfenp1049 ganglionii limfatici; }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langfenp1049 hipoxia ;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Ce este trombopoetina:}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 un factor plachetar; }{\b1
\langfenp1049 b) }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] un
factor ce intervine in sinteza prostoglandinei ; }{\fs20 \lang1048
\langfenp1049 un factor umoral specific cu rol in producerea plachetelor sangvine}
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 un factor ce produce purpura trombocitopenica
idiopatica; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] un factor ce produce splenomegalia;}{\fs17 \dbch \af5 \hich
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Care
este valoarea normala a presiunii osmotice a plasmei,redata prin toate sistemele
de masura (exprimare):}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\langfenp1049 28-30 mm Hg; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] 5030 mm Hg; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [x] 6,7-8,1 atm; }{\b1 \fs20
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] 1-2 atm ; }{\fs20
\langfenp1049 302,8mOsm/l;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Presiunea coloid osmoti}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 c}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 a (oncotica)}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
este determinata }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 de
concentratia }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 in plasma a}
{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 :}{\fs20 \lang1048
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 substante}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 lor}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 cristaloide; }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [x] }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 albumine}
{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 lor}{\fs20 \lang1048
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 ; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [x] globuline}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 lor}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 ; }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
fibrinogenului; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] glucide}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 lor}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 ;}
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Care este valoarea normala a glicemiei:}{\fs20
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langfenp1049 [x] }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 80-120 mg
%; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langfenp1049 [ ] 8-12 mg%; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] 8-12 g% ; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [x] 3,3-5,5 mmol/l; }{\b1 \fs20
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] 6-11 g%;}{\fs20 \lang1048
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Care factori plasmatici ai coagularii prin activare
declanseaza mecanismele coagularii pe cale intrinseca:}{\fs20 \lang1048
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 I; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] III; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [x] IX; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [x] XII; }{\b1 \fs20
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [x] VIII;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs20
\langfenp1049 singele m.g.}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 10cm Care factori plasmatici ai coagularii
prin activare declanseaza mecanismele coagularii pe cale extrinseca:}{\fs20
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 XII; }{\fs20 \lang1048
\langfenp1049 X ; }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\par
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 VII;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [x] V ; }{\b1 \fs20
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] XIII;}{\fs20 \lang1048
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Ce substante anticoagulante ce circula in singe
cunoasteti:}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langfenp1049 calciu; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\langfenp1049 [x] heparina ; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] dicumarolul; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [x] antitrombina III; }
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 fibrinostabilizator;}{\fs20 \lang1048
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Ce substante anticoagulante actioneaza prin fixarea
Ca++:}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 heparina; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [x] oxalatul de amoniu; }
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 oxalatul de Na sau K;}{\fs20 \lang1048
\langfenp1049 citratul de sodiu; }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langfenp1049 hirudina;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par
}\pard \plain
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Care sunt substantele cu actiune fibrinolitica:}{\fs20
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 fibrina; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [x] plasmina ; }{\b1 \fs20
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [x] fibrinolizina; }{\b1 \fs20
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] tripsina; }{\b1 \fs20
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] trombostatina;}{\fs20 \lang1048
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Ce proteina plasmatica lizeaza cheagul de singe:}
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 fibrinogenul; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] gamaglobulinele; }{\b1
factorul rezus Rh}{\fs13 \up10 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 +}
{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 ; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [x] plasmina ; }{\fs20
\langfenp1049 fibrinolizina;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\loch \f5 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 }{\b1 \fs17 \dbch \af5
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Care sint fazele coagularii }{\fs20 \lang1033
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 singelui}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 :}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 activare}
{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 a}{\fs20 \lang1048
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 trombinei la contactul cu peretele lezat;}
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 formarea activatorului protrombinei
(complexului protrombinazei); }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 retractia
cheagului ;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 formarea trombinei; }{\fs20 \lang1048
\langfenp1049 formarea fibrinei;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Cine transporta fierul in singe:}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 beta globulina plasmatica;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 ceruloplasmina;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
apotransferina;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 feritina;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 eritrocitele;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Ce sunt aglutininele si originea lor:}{\fs20 \lang1048
}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 anticorpi;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 antigeni;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 gamaglobuline;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 aminoacizi;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 fosfolipide;}{\fs20 \lang1033
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Care este cauza maririi vitezei de sedimentare a
eritrocitelor:}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 marirea cantitatii de fibrinogen;}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 marirea cantitatii de ceruloplasmina;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 marirea cantitatii de lipoproteide;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 marirea cantitatii de imunoglobuline;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Care este rolul vitaminei K in hemostaza:}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 contribuie la sinteza protrombinei in ficat;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 contribuie la sinteza factorilor VII si IX;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 participa la transformarea fibrinogenului in fibrina;}{\fs20
contribuie la sinteza factorului X;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Leucocitoza fiziologica poate fi:}{\fs20 \lang1048
\langfenp1049 alimentara;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 emotionala;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 la efort fizic;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 la femei
gravide;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Ce organ depoziteaza fierul si in ce forma:}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 splina;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 maduva rosie;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 sub forma de feritina;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [x] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 ficatul;}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 sub forma de transferina;}{\fs17 \dbch
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\af5 \hich
\hich \af5 \loch \f5 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 singele m.g.}
cm Ce sunt aglutinogenii si originea lor:}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langfenp1049 anticorpi;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 antigeni;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 gamaglobuline;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 complexe de aminoacizi si
polizaharide;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 lipoproteine;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Care din cele sase tipuri de antigene Rh poseda o
proprietate antigenica mai pronuntata:}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 antigen
Rh de tip C;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 antigen Rh de tip E;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 antigen Rh de tip D;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 antigen
Rh de tip e;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 antigen Rh de tip d;}{\fs20 \lang1033
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Prezenta carui tip de antigen Rh da denumirea singelui
Rh+:}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain \li0
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 antigenul C;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 {\b1 \fs17 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 b) }{\fs17 \dbch \af5 \hich
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 antigenul E;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 antigenul d;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [x] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 antigenul
D;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 antigenul e;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Care din urmatorii factori au actiune fibrinolitica:}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 factorul XII;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 factorul Hageman;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 factorul
IX;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 plasmina (fibrinolizina)}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 nici unul;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Care din substantele enumerate inhiba agregarea
trombocitelor:}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 prostaciclinele;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 prostaglandinele;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 ADP;}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 tromboxanul A}{\fs13 \dn4 \lang1033
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 heparina;}{\fs20
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Indicati coagulantii cu actiune indirecta:}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 ionii Ca}{\fs13 \up10 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
2+}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 ;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 vitamina K;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 vitamina C;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 corticosteroizii;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Valoarea presiunii osmotice a singelui depinde de
concentratia in plasma a:}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 albuminelor;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 globulinelor;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
fibrinogenului;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 substantelor cristaloide;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 hemoglobinei;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain \li0 \ri0 \lisb0
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Rolul vitaminei K in mecanismele hemostazei:}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 activeaza factorii coagularii;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 activeaza elaborarea factorilor trombocitari;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 activeaza la nivelul ficatului sinteza unor factori ai coagularii;}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 inhiba actiunea tromboxanului A}{\fs13
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 activeaza
factorul XII de contact;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Care sunt conditiile ce determina aparitia
hemofiliei:}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 scaderea numarului de trombocite;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 lipsa factorilor plasmatici I, II, V;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 lipsa factorilor plasmaticiVIII, IX, XI;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 lipsa tromboplastinei trombocitare;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Bazofilele elimina urmatorii factori, cu exceptia:}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 histamina;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 heparina;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
bradinina;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 hirudina;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Transportul lipidelor in singe este asigurat de:}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 albumine;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\f6 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \uc1 \u61537 ?}{\fs13 \dn4
ceruloplasmina;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 transferina;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\f6 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \uc1 \u61538 ?}{\fs20 \lang1033
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Functia de fagocitoza este caracteristica pentru
urmatoarele celule in afara de:}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
eozinofile;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 neutrofile;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 monocite;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 limfocite;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 plasmocite;}{\fs20 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5 \lang1033
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Agregarea plachetara a trombocitelor este stimulata de
:}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain \li0
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 fibrele de colagen:}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 prostaglandine;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
tromboxanul A}{\fs13 \dn4 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 2}
\langfenp1049 ADP;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 heparina;}{\fs20 \lang1048
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Plachetele:}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 sunt produse \uc1 \u238 ?n
m\uc1 \u259 ?duva ro\uc1 \u351 ?ie osoas\uc1 \u259 ?, din megacariocite;}{\fs20
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 sunt \uc1 \u238 ?n num\uc1
\u259 ?r mai mare ca hematiile;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [x] }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 pot adera
de peretele vascular lezat;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 secret\uc1 \u259 ? majoritatea factorilor coagul\uc1
\u259 ?rii;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 aglutineaz\uc1
\u259 ? \uc1 \u238 ?n prezen\uc1 \u355 ?a }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 tromboxanului.}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 singele m.g.}{\b1 \fs17 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5
\hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Urm\uc1
\u259 ?toarele afirma\uc1 \u355 ?ii sunt corecte:}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langfenp1049 monocitele sanguine sunt precursorii macrofagelor tisulare;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 neutrofilele }{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 fagociteaz\uc1 \u259 ? numai bacteriile
circulante;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 macofagele
utilizeaz\uc1 \u259 ? NO pentru a omor\uc1 \u238 ? bacteriile;}{\fs20 \lang1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 sistemul complementului
faciliteaz\uc1 \u259 ? captarea bacteriilor prin fagocitoz\uc1 \u259 ?;}{\fs20
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 celulele NK (limfocit-killer)
ac\uc1 \u355 ?ioneaz\uc1 \u259 ? prin distrugerea celulelor infectate cu
viru\uc1 \u351 ?i.}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
afirma\uc1 \u355 ?ii sunt corecte:}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
limfocitele sunt cele mai numeroase celule ale seriei albe;}{\fs20 \lang1048
\langfenp1049 li}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 mfocitele p\uc1 \u259 ?r\uc1 \u259 ?sesc s\uc1 \u238 ?
ngele definitiv, la locul inflama\uc1 \u355 ?iei;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 limfocitele B se maturizeaz\uc1
\u259 ? \uc1 \u238 ?n m\uc1 \u259 ?duva osoas\uc1 \u259 ?;}{\fs20 \lang1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 limfocitele B r\uc1 \u259 ?
spund la antigenii din lichidul extracelular;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 toate limfocitele se
transform\uc1 \u259 ? \uc1 \u238 ?n plasmocite, dup\uc1 \u259 ? stimularea
antigenic\uc1 \u259 ?.}{\fs17 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5 \lang1033 \langnp1033
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Care din urm\uc1 \u259 ?toarele procese nu
contribuie la hemostaza local\uc1 \u259 ?:}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 expunerea
plachetelor sanguine la colagen;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 conv}
\langfenp1049 ersia protrombinei la trombin\uc1 \u259 ?;}{\fs20 \lang1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 conversia plasminogenului la
plasmin\uc1 \u259 ?;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
conversia fibrinogenului la fibrin\uc1 \u259 ?;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langfenp1049 eliberarea de tromboxan A}{\fs13 \dn4 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langfenp1049 .}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Care din urm\uc1
\u259 ?toarele substan\uc1 \u355 ?e, derivate din plachetele sanguine, sunt
implicate \uc1 \u238 ?n activarea lor:}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
trombina;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 tromboxanul A}{\fs13 \dn4 \lang1048
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 adenozindifosfatul (ADP);}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 prostaglandinele H}{\fs13 \dn4 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 2}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 (PGH }
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 );}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langfenp1049 2+.}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Citratul este un anticoagulant folosit pentru
capacitatea sa de a:}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\langfenp1049 lega factorul XII;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\u1086 ?mpiedica activitatea factorului XII;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langfenp1049 laga vitamina K;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [x] }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 fixa
\langfenp1049 se metaboliza foarte lent.}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Timpul de s\uc1 \u1086 ?ngerare poate fi prelungit
anormal \uc1 \u1086 ?n :}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
infec\uc1 \u355 ?ii virale;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 absen\uc1 \u355 ?a factorului von Willebrand;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 boli hepatice;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
sc\uc1 \u259 ?derea num\uc1 \u259 ?rului de plachete;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
agreg\uc1 \u259 ?rii plachetare.}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Valoarea presiunii coloidosmotice a plasmei:}{\fs20
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 depinde de concentra\uc1
\u355 ?ia electroli\uc1 \u355 ?ilor; }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 depinde de num\uc1 \u259 ?rul de particule solubile;}
\af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 depinde de volumul
de ap\uc1 \u259 ? plasmatic\uc1 \u259 ?;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 difer\uc1 \u259 ? de
presiunea osmotic\uc1 \u259 ? a s\uc1 \u238 ?ngelui;}{\fs20 \lang1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 scade \uc1 \u238 ?n
inani\uc1 \u355 ?ie.}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Faactorul XII activ
determin\uc1 \u259 ? activarea:}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [x] }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 factorul
XI;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain
\af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 coagul\uc1 \u259 ?
rii prin mec}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 anism
extrinsec;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
ii clasice a cascadei complementului;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 plasminogenului \uc1 \u238 ?n plasmin\uc1 \u259 ?;}
\af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 form\uc1 \u259 ?rii
de kinine plasmatice.}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Hipovolemia
normocitemic\uc1 \u259 ? apare:}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 la
altitudine;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 posthemoragic imediat;}{\fs20 \lang1048
\langfenp1049 postransfuzional;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \uc1 \u238 ?n sarcin\uc1 \u259 ?;}{\fs20 \lang1048
\langfenp1049 \uc1 \u1086 ?n effort fizic.}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langfenp1049 {\b1 \fs17
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Macrofagele:}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 sunt monocite \uc1 \u238 ?n
involu\uc1 \u355 ?ie;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
secret\uc1 \u259 ? Ig M;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
particip\uc1 \u259 ? la r\uc1 \u259 ?spunsul imun specific;}{\fs20 \lang1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 secret\uc1 \u259 ?
interferon ? \uc1 \u351 ?i \uc1 \u223 ?;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 secret\uc1 \u259 ? IL -1, IL - 8, IL - 10, IL - 12.}
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Cantitatea cea mai mare de azot neprotei din s\uc1
\u1086 ?nge rezult}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \uc1 \u259 ? din:}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langfenp1049 uree;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 acid uric:}{\fs20 \lang1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 creatinin\uc1 \u259 ?;}
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 amoniac;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langfenp1049 catecolamine.}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
m.g.}{\b1 \fs17 \dbch \af5
{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Enzimele din eritrocit
sunt:}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 enzimele cixlului Krebs;}{\fs20 \lang1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 enzimele pentru glicoliza
anaerob\uc1 \u259 ?;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 methemoglobin reductaza;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 s}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 hunt-ul hexozofosfa\uc1 \u355 ?ilor;}{\fs20 \lang1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 anhidraza carbonic\uc1
\u259 ?.}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Dintre elementele
figurate ale s\uc1 \u238 ?ngelui durata cea mai lung\uc1 \u259 ? de via\uc1
\u355 ?\uc1 \u259 ? o au :}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
eritrocitele;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 limfocitele T cu memorie;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 monocitele;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 polimorfonucleare;}{\fs20 \lang1048
\langfenp1049 trombocitele.}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Sinteza urm\uc1
\u259 ?torilor factori ai ccoagul\uc1 \u259 ?rii este dependent\uc1 \u259 ? de
vitamina K:}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 fibrinogen;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 protrombin\uc1 \u259 ?;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 accelerin\uc1 \u259 ?;}
\af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 proconvertin\uc1
\u259 ?;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 factorul antihemofilic A.}{\fs20 \lang1048
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Tulburarea
adezivit\uc1 \u259 ?\uc1 \u355 ?ii plachetare se datoreaz\uc1 \u259 ?:}{\fs20
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 absen\uc1 \u355 ?ei ionilor de
calciu;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 absen\uc1
\u355 ?ei receptorilor pentru factorul von Willebrand;}{\fs20 \lang1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 aabsen\uc1 \u355 ?ei
receptorilor pentru trombin\uc1 \u259 ?;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 absen\uc1 \u355 ?ei oct}
{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 apeptidului CB4;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 lipsei factorului von Willebrand.}{\fs17 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Tulbur\uc1 \u259 ?rile
coagul\uc1 \u259 ?rii cu transmitere legat\uc1 \u259 ? de sex sunt:}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 afibrinogenem}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 ia congenital\uc1 \u259 ?;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 hemofilia A;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [x] }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 hemofilia
B;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 d) }{\fs17 \dbch
{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 deficitul de factori V, VII,
X, XI, XII, XIII.}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] disfibrinogenemiile.}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Hipocoagulabilitatea apare \uc1 \u1086 ?n caz de :}
\af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 hemofilie A \uc1
\u351 ?i B;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 boala Willebrand;}{\fs20 \lang1048
\langfenp1049 exces de vitamina K;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [x] }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 lipsa
vitaminei K;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 tromboze.}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Avitaminoza K
determin\uc1 \u259 ? un deficit de hemostaz\uc1 \u259 ? prin lipsa factorului :}
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 I;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langfenp1049 II;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 III;}{\fs20 \lang1048
\langfenp1049 IV;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 V;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\par }\pard \plain
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Coagularea s\uc1 \u238 ?ngelui se opre\uc1
\u351 ?te, in vitro, la ad\uc1 \u259 ?ugarea de citrat de Na, K, oxalat de K,
Na, fluorur\uc1 \u259 ? de Na :}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 blocarea
trombinei;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 fixarea Ca }{\fs13 \up10 \lang1048
aglutinarea trombocitelor;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
fibrinogenului;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 blocarea tromboplastinei.}{\fs20
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Factorul XIII poate fi activat de :}{\fs20
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 numai de trombin\uc1 \u259 ?;}
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 factorul V + Ca }{\fs13 \up10 \lang1048
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 factorul
XII;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain \li0
\af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 trombin\uc1 \u259 ?
\uc1 \u351 ?i factorul X activ;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 trombina \uc1 \u351 ?i Ca}{\fs13 \up10 \lang1048
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 .}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Hemoliza
fiziologic\uc1 \u259 ? poate avea loc \uc1 \u238 ?n :}{\fs20 \lang1048
\nowidctlpar
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 splin\uc1 \u259 ?;}{\fs20 \lang1048
\langfenp1049 ficat;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 rinichi;}{\fs20 \lang1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 circula\uc1 \u355 ?ia
general\uc1 \u259 ?;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 compartimentul extravascular.}
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Presiunea
coloidosmotic\uc1 \u259 ? a plasmei:}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
mai }{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 mic\uc1 \u259 ? fa\uc1 \u355 ?\uc1 \u259 ? de cea din spa\uc1 \u355 ?
iul intersti\uc1 \u355 ?ial;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
cre\uc1 \u351 ?te dup\uc1 \u259 ? ingestia de NaCl \uc1 \u238 ?n exces;}{\fs20
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 este determinat\uc1 \u259 ?
\uc1 \u238 ?n primul r\uc1 \u238 ?nd de serumoglobuline;}{\fs20 \lang1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 este determinat\uc1 \u259 ?
80% de albumine;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
determinat\uc1 \u259 ? de c\uc1 \u259 ?tre macromoleculele proteice.}{\fs20
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Membrana
eritrocitar\uc1 \u259 ? are propriet\uc1 \u259 ?\uc1 \u355 ?ile:}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 deformabilitate;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] elasticitate;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 c) }{\fs17 \dbch \af5 \hich
permeabilitate redus\uc1 \u259 ? pentru cationi;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \uc1 \u238 ?nc\uc1 \u259 ?rcare
electronegativ\uc1 \u259 ?;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 toate r\uc1 \u259 ?spunsurile corecte.}{\fs20 \dbch
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Ce rol \uc1 \u238 ?
ndeplinesc trombocitele \uc1 \u238 ?n hemostaz\uc1 \u259 ??}{\fs20 \lang1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 aderarea la suprafa\uc1 \u355 ?
a rugoas\uc1 \u259 ? \uc1 \u351 ?i aglutinare;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 eliberarea unor factori ai
coagul\uc1 \u259 ?rii;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 formarea dopului plachetar;}
\af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 men\uc1 \u355 ?
inerea integrit\uc1 \u259 ?\uc1 \u355 ?ii enddoteliului vascular;}{\fs20
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Albuminele plasmatice
au urm\uc1 \u259 ?toarele roluri:}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
transprtul de Cu}{\fs13 \up10 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 2+}
\langfenp1049 \uc1 \u351 ?i Fe}{\fs13 \up10 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 transportul de macromolecule;}{\fs20
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 determin\uc1 \u259 ? 80% din
presiunea hidrostatic\uc1 \u259 ?;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfe1049
\langfenp1049 detrmin\uc1 \u259 ? presiunea coloidosmotic\uc1 \u259 ? \uc1
\u238 ?n propor\uc1 \u355 ?ir de 80%;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 transport de streptomicin\uc1 \u259 ?.}{\fs20
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm \uc1 \u206 ?n care
dintre propriet\uc1 \u259 ?\uc1 \u355 ?ile fizico-chimice ale s\uc1 \u238 ?ngelui
sunt }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 implicate proteinele
plasmatice?}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 culoare;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langfenp1049 densitatea;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 viscozitatea;}{\b1 \fs20
presiunea osmotic\uc1 \u259 ?;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [x] }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 pH-ul.}
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Care }{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 dintre factorii coagul\uc1 \u259 ?rii
intervine doar pe calea extrinsec\uc1 \u259 ??}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langfenp1049 XII;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 XI;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langfenp1049 X;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 IX, VIII;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [x] VII.}{\fs20 \lang1048
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\af5 \hich
cm Care dintr}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 e factorii coagul\uc1 \u259 ?rii nu sunt globuline
antihemofilice?}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 VIII;}{\fs20 \lang1048
\langfenp1049 IX;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 X;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] XI;}{\fs20 \lang1048
\langfenp1049 XII.}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Hematiile din grupa AB}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7
\loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 nu aglutineaz\uc1
\u259 ? cu serul:}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 A;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langfenp1049 B;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 O;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langfenp1049 AB;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
toate r\uc1 \u259 ?spunsurile corecte}{\fs17 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Care dintre urm\uc1
\u259 ?toarele propriet\uc1 \u259 ?\uc1 \u355 ?i nu este caracteristic\uc1 \u259 ?
trombocitelor?}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 aglutinarea;}{\fs20 \lang1048
\nowidctlpar \lin0 \rin0 \itap0
}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 transportul de gaze;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 pa}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 rticiparea la coagulare \uc1 \u351 ?i fibrinoliza;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 fagocitoza;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
participarea la hemostaza temporar\uc1 \u259 ?.}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Bazofilele nu
secret\uc1 \u259 ?:}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
histsmin\uc1 \u259 ? \uc1 \u351 ?i serotin\uc1 \u259 ?;}{\fs20 \lang1048
\langfenp1049 kinine;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
heparin\uc1 \u259 ?;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 enzime proteolitice;}{\fs20
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Eritropoetina este:}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 o enzim\uc1 \u259 ? cu rol
\uc1 \u238 ?n eritropoez\uc1 \u259 ?;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 un hormonccirculant format la o persoan\uc1 \u259 ?
normal\uc1 \u259 ? \uc1 \u238 ?n propor\uc1 \u355 ?ie de 80 - 90 % \uc1 \u238 ?n
rinichi;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 o
glicoprotein}{\fs17 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 a din grupa alfa1 - globulinelor cu greutatea moleculara
de circa 34 kDa;}{\b1 \fs17 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5 \lang1048
\langfenp1049 factorul hematopoetic renal ;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 un hormon cu rol \uc1 \u238 ?n
eritropoez\uc1 \u259 ?.}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Asu}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 pra c\uc1 \u259 ?rei celule din
cadrul eritropoezei ac\uc1 \u355 ?ioneaz\uc1 \u259 ? eritropoetina?}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 reticulocitul;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
celula stem pluripotent\uc1 \u259 ?;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 celula su\uc1 \u351 ?\uc1 \u259 ? angajat\uc1 \u259 ?
eritroid;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 eritroblastul bazofil;}{\fs20 \lang1048
\langfenp1049 eritroblastul acidofil;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
?toarele func\uc1 \u355 ?ii nu este o func\uc1 \u355 ?ie primar\uc1 \u259 ? a s\uc1
\u238 ?ngelui?}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 transportul de hormoni;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 transportul de chilomicroni;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langfenp1049 transportul de oxigen;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
transportul de anticorpi,}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 transportul de medicamente}
\af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Care dintre factorii
coagul\uc1 \u259 ?rii este comun \uc1 \u238 ?n complexul de activare al
factorului X, pe calea extrinsec\uc1 \u259 ? \uc1 \u351 ?i pe calea
intrinsec\uc1 \u259 ??}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 fosfolipidele plachetare;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 Ca }{\fs13 \up10 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 2+}
\langfenp1049 factorul IX a;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 factorul VIIa;}{\fs20 \lang1048
\langfenp1049 factorul VIIIa.}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Func\uc1 \u355 ?iile
caracteristice trombinei sunt urm\uc1 \u259 ?toarele, cu excep\uc1 \u355 ?ia
uneia:}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain
\af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 capacitatea de a
converti fibrinogenul la fibrin\uc1 \u259 ?;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langfenp1049 activarea factorului XIII;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 inducerea agreg\uc1 \u259 ?rii
plachetare;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 sta}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 bilizarea re\uc1 \u355 ?elei de
fibrin\uc1 \u259 ?;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
activarea factorilor V \uc1 \u351 ?i VIII.}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\af5 \loch \f5 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 Capitol: }{\fs17
singele m.g.}{\b1 \fs17 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Factorii care contribuie la sinteza AND necesar
diviziunilor celulare \uc1 \u1086 ?n cursul eritropoezei sunt:}{\fs20 \lang1048
\langfenp1049 vitamina B}{\fs13 \dn4 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 12}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 ;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 acidul aspartic;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [x] }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 acidul
folic;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain
\af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 num\uc1 \u259 ?rul
de eritrocite din s\uc1 \u238 ?nge;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
hemoglobina.}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
?toarele afirma\uc1 \u355 ?ii despre monocite sunt incorecte?}{\fs20 \lang1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 sunt mai numeroase, comparativ
cu eozinofilele \uc1 \u351 ?i bazofilele;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 se formeaz\uc1 \u259 ? la adult
\uc1 \u238 ?n m\uc1 \u259 ?duva ro\uc1 \u351 ?ie osoas\uc1 \u259 ?, \uc1 \u351 ?
i \uc1 \u238 ?n ganglionii limfatici;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 spre
deosibir}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 e de neutrofili sunt mai bogate \uc1 \u238 ?n
lipaz\uc1 \u259 ?;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
spre deosebire de neutrofil, nu se acumuleaz\uc1 \u259 ? la nivelul focarului
inflamator;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 nu fac parte din grupul granulocitelor.}
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Care sunt factori
majori cu rol \uc1 \u238 ?n activarea
local\uc1 \u259 ? a fibrinolizei?}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
Plasminogenul; }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 activatorul vascular;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 urokinaza;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 plasmina;}{\fs20 \lang1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 factorii coagul\uc1 \u259 ?
rii : XIIa, Xia \uc1 \u351 ?i kalikrei}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 na.}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Factorul von
Willebrand, o component\uc1 \u259 ? a factorului plasmatic VIII al coagul\uc1 \u259
?rii, este necesar pentru:}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 aderarea pl\uc1 \u259 ?cu\uc1 \u355 ?elor la per}
{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 etele vascular;}{\fs20
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 aderarea pl\uc1 \u259 ?
cu\uc1 \u355 ?elor la fibrele de colagen denudate;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langfenp1049 ambele procese;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 are rol ne\uc1 \u238 ?nsemnat \uc1 \u238 ?n aderarea
plachetar\uc1 \u259 ?;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
nici un r\uc1 \u259 ?spuns corect.}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Formarea complexului
protombinazic pe caleinstrinsec\uc1 \u259 ? este ini\uc1 \u355 ?iat\uc1 \u259 ?
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 vitamina K;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langfenp1049 trombocite;}{\fs20
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 contactul cu suprafe\uc1 \u355 ?e umectabile, rugoase sau
fibre de colagen,}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 activarea factorului XII.}{\fs20
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Formarea complexului
protombinazic pe cale extrinsec\uc1 \u259 ? este ini\uc1 \u355 ?iat\uc1 \u259 ?
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 factori tisulari;}{\fs20 \lang1048
\langfenp1049 factori plasmatici;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 factori plachetari;}{\b1 \fs17 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 suprafe\uc1 \u355 ?e electronegative.}{\fs17 \dbch
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Principala surs\uc1
\u259 ? de eritropoetin\uc1 \u259 ? \uc1 \u238 ?n organismul adultului este
reprezentat\uc1 \u259 ? de :}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 ficat;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 m\uc1 \u259 ?duva ro\uc1
\u351 ?ie;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] splina;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 rinichi;}{\fs20 \lang1048
\langfenp1049 glandele salivare.}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Vitamina K ac\uc1
\u355 ?ioneaz\uc1 \u259 ? ca :}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
anticoagulant ;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
antiheparin\uc1 \u259 ?;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
coenzim\uc1 \u259 ? pentru sinteza protrombinei, precum \uc1 \u351 ?i a factorilor
VII, IX \uc1 \u351 ?i X;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
activator de protrombin\uc1 \u259 ?;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 factor care prelunge\uc1 \u351 ?te coagularea.}{\fs20
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Limfocitele B:}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 secret\uc1 \u259 ? anticorpi
circulan\uc1 \u355 ?i;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
transport\uc1 \u259 ? receptori antigenici pe suprafa\uc1 \u355 ?a lor;}{\fs20
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 necesit\uc1 \u259 ?
prezen\uc1 \u355 ?a limfocitelor T helper \uc1 \u238 ?n cursul activ\uc1 \u259 ?
rii;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain \li0
\af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 secret\uc1 \u259 ?
plasmin\uc1 \u259 ?;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 se
matureaz\uc1 \u259 ? complet \uc1 \u238 ?n m\uc1 \u259 ?duva oaselor.}{\fs20 \dbch
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\loch \f5 \lang1033
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 }{\b1 \fs17 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 singele m.g.}{\b1 \fs17 \dbch
{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Activarea factorului XII
(Hageman) pe c}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 alea intrinsec\uc1 \u259 ? a coagul\uc1 \u259 ?rii se
face \uc1 \u238 ?n :}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
contact cu suprafe\uc1 \u355 ?ele electronegative,}{\fs20 \lang1048
prekalikreinei (factorul Fletcher);}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 prezen\uc1 \u355 ?a kininogenului cu molecul\uc1 \u259 ?
mare (factorul Fitzgerald);}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 prezen\uc1 \u355 ?a factorului XI;}{\fs20 \lang1048
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Care sunt activatorii intrinseci ai plasminogenului?}
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 urokinaza;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 factorii XIIa \uc1 \u351 ?i Xia
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 toxinele microbiene (streptokinaza);}
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 kalikreina;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
corect.}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 excretia
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Glomerulul renal indeplineste urmatoarele
functii:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 filtreaza plasma sanguina;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 formeaza urina primara;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] secreta hormonii;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 mentine constanta apei in organism;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 toate variantele corecte;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm In 24 ore in rinichi se formeaza urina primara si
definitiva:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 primara aproximativ 180 litri;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 primara 10 l;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
definitiva 0,5 l;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 definitiva 1-1,5 l;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 nici o varianta corecta;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Filtrarea glomerulara depinde de:}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 structura si suprafata membranei filtrante;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 presiunea efectiva de filtrare;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 debitul
circulator renal;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 presiunea osmotica a sangelui;}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 toate variantele corecte;}{\fs20 \lang1033
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Filtratul glomerular contine:}{\fs20 \lang1033
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 elemente figurate;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 saruri;}{\fs20 \lang1033
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs. Presiunea sangelui in capilarele glomerulare este:}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 60-70 mmHg;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 100 mm Hg ;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 10 mm Hg;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 120 mm Hg;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 nici o varianta corecta;}{\fs20
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 excretia m.g.}{\b1 \fs17 \dbch \af5
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Functia capilarelor
peritubulare:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 reabsorbtia lichidului din filtrat in
spatiile interstitiale si apoi in sange;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 filtrarea lichidului din sange in tubi;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 reabsorbtia diferitor ioni si substantelor cu valoare nutritiva din
filtrat in sange;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 secretia unor substante organice
ca acidul paraaminohipuric;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
variantele corecte;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Membrana glomerulara este alcatuita din :}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 celule endoteliale ale capilarelor;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 celule de muschi netezi;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [x] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 membrana
bazala;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 celule epiteliale a capsulei Bowman;}
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Care sunt fortele ce realizeaza filtrarea
glomerulara:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langfenp1049 [x] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 presiunea
din capilarele glomerulare;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
din capsula Bowman;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 presiunea osmotica;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 presiunea oncotica a proteinelor plasmatice;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 toate variantele corecte;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs De ce nu trec moleculele proteice prin membrana
glomerulara:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 nu permit porii membranei (sunt mai mici
decat diametrul moleculelor proteice);}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 lipsesc
moleculele transportoare;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 sunt respinse electrostatic de
catre proteoglicanii membranei bazale;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 sunt
retinute de plasma;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 nici o varianta corecta;}{\fs20
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Debitul filtrarii glomerulare se modifica astfel:}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cresterea fluxului sanguin prin nefron creste
debitul filtrarii;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cresterea presiunii oncotice in
plasma creste debitul filtrarii;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
constrictia arteriolei aferente scade debitul filtrarii;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 constrictia arteriolei eferente
scade debitul filtrarii;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 constrictia arteriolei eferente
creste debitul filtrarii;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Constrictia arteriolei eferente care mentine
constanta debitului de filtratie este produsa de:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 angiotensina II;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
concentratia scazuta a ionilor de sodiu si clor in ansa Henle;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 concentratia marita a ionilor de sodiu si clor in ansa Henle;}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 debitul scazut al filtrarii glomerulare;}
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Cea mai mare cantitate
de glucoz\uc1 \u259 ?, care este filtrat\uc1 \u259 ? la nivel glomerular, este
reabsorbit\uc1 \u259 ? \uc1 \u238 ?n:}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [x] }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 tubul
contort proximal;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
ramura descendent\uc1 \u259 ? a ansei Henle;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 ramura ascendent\uc1 \u259 ? a
ansei Henle;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 tubul contort distal;}{\fs20 \lang1048
\langfenp1049 tubul colector;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Filtrarea
glomerular\uc1 \u259 ? este influen\uc1 \u355 ?at\uc1 \u259 ? de:}{\fs20
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 sarcina osmotic\uc1 \u259 ? a
rinichiului;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 presiunea coloid-os}{\fs20 \dbch \af7
\hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 motic\uc1
\u259 ? a plasmei;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [x] concentra\uc1 \u355 ?i ionilor de Na}
{\fs13 \up10 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 +}{\fs20 \dbch \af7
\hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \uc1 \u351 ?i
Cl}{\fs13 \up10 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 -}{\fs20
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \uc1 \u1086 ?n lichidul tubular de
la nivelul maculei densa;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
concentra\uc1 \u355 ?ia glucozei sanguine;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
clearance-ul inulinei;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Stimularea
simpaticului renal produce urm\uc1 \u259 ?toarele efecte:}{\fs20 \lang1048
\langfenp1049 hipodiureza;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 sc\uc1 \u259 ?derea presiunii efective de filtrare;}
\af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cre\uc1 \u351 ?terea
clearance-ului PAH;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
cre\uc1 \u351 ?terea clereance inulin\uc1 \u259 ?;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 sc\uc1 \u259 ?derea clereance
inulin\uc1 \u259 ?;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 excretia m.g.}{\b1 \fs17 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch
\hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm La
indivizii dehidrata\uc1 \u355 ?i:}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 reabsorb\uc1 \u355 ?ia cea mai mare de ap\uc1 \u259 ? are
loc la nivelulu tubului colector;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cre\uc1 \u351 ?te secre\uc1 \u355 ?ia de renin\uc1
\u351 ?te concentra\uc1 \u355 ?ia ureei plasmatice;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 scade foarte mult filtrarea
glomerular\uc1 \u259 ?;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 scade diureza;}{\fs20 \lang1048
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 m Reabsorb\uc1 \u355 ?ia glucozei:}{\fs20
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 este nelimitat\uc1 \u259 ?;}
\af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 este limitat\uc1
\u259 ? de o capacitate maxim\uc1 \u259 ? de transport tubular;}{\fs20 \lang1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 se realizeaz\uc1 \u259 ?
\uc1 \u238 ?n contrasport cu Na}{\fs13 \up10 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 necesit\uc1 \u259 ?
prezen\uc1 \u355 ?a insulinei;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [x] }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 are loc
la polul apical al nefrocitului;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs \uc1 \u206 ?n
absen\uc1 \u355 ?a vasopresinei, cea mai mare cantitate de ap\uc1 \u259 ? se
reabsoarbe \uc1 \u238 ?n:}{\fs20
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 tubul proximal;}{\fs20 \lang1048
\langfenp1049 ansa Henle;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 tubul distal;}{\fs20 \lang1048
\langfenp1049 tubul colector cortical;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 tubul
colector medular;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs.Aminoacizii sunt
aproape complet reabsorbi\uc1 \u355 ?i din filtratul glomerular prin transpor}
{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 t activ la nivelul:}
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 ansei Henle;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langfenp1049 tubului proximal;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 tubului
distal;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 tubului colector;}{\fs20 \lang1048
\langfenp1049 pelvisului renal;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
?toarele afirma\uc1 \u355 ?ii despre renin\uc1 \u259 ? sunt adev\uc1 \u259 ?rate?}
\af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 este secretat\uc1
\u259 ? de celulele tubului proximal;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 secre\uc1 \u355 ?ia sa duce la pierderea de Na \uc1 \u351
?i ap\uc1 \u259 ? din plasm\uc1 \u259 ?;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langnp1033
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 secre\uc1 \u355 ?ia sa este stimulat\uc1
\u259 ? prin presiunea arterial\uc1 \u259 ? crescut\uc1 \u259 ?;}{\fs20
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 converte\uc1 \u351 ?te
angiotensinogenul la angiotensina I;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 converte\uc1 \u351 ?te angiotensina I, la ahgiotensin\uc1
\u259 ? II;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Efectul maxim al aldosteronului }{\fs20 \dbch \af7
\hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 se
manifest\uc1 \u259 ? la nivelul:}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
glomerulului;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 tubului contort proximal;}{\fs20 \lang1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 por\uc1 \u355 ?iunii sub\uc1
\u355 ?iri a ansei Henle;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
por\uc1 \u355 ?iunii groase a ansei Henle;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 tubului distal \uc1 \u351 ?i colector cortical;}{\fs20
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Rata reabsorb\uc1
\u355 ?iei de glucoz\uc1 \u259 ? este determinat\uc1 \u259 ? de:}{\fs20
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cantitatea filtrat\uc1
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 capacitatea de transport a celulelor;}
\af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 diferen\uc1 \u355 ?a
\uc1 \u238 ?ntre cantitatea filtrat\uc1 \u259 ? \uc1 \u351 ?i rata de excre\uc1
\u355 ?ie}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 ;}{\fs20 \lang1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 metabolizarea rapid\uc1 \u259 ?
a glucozei;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\plain
\hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 insulin\uc1
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Factorul major care
determin\uc1 \u259 ? reabsorb\uc1 \u355 ?ia apei \uc1 \u238 ?n celulele epiteliale
ale tubu}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 lui contort
proximal este:}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
reabsorb\uc1 \u355 ?ia activ\uc1 \u259 ? a glucozei;}{\fs20 \lang1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 reabsorb\uc1 \u355 ?ia
activ\uc1 \u259 ? a amoniacului;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 reabsorb\uc1 \u355 ?ia activ\uc1 \u259 ? a Na}{\fs13
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 -ului;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 presiunea coloidosmotic\uc1 \u259 ? ridicat\uc1 \u259 ?
din capilarele peritubulare;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Rata filtr\uc1 \u259 ?
rii glomerulare cre\uc1 \u351 ?te ca urmare a:}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 vasoconstric\uc1 \u355 ?iei
arteriolei aferente;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [x] vasodilata\uc1 \u355 ?iei arteriolei
aferente;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 compresiei capsulei Bowman;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 hipoproteinemiei;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 sc\uc1 \u259 ?derea fluxului sanguin renal;}{\fs20
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Cre\uc1
\u351 ?terea potasemiei produce o cre\uc1 \u351 ?tere a:}{\fs20 \lang1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 secre\uc1 \u355 ?iei de
renin\uc1 \u259 ?;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
secre\uc1 \u355 ?iei de aldosteron;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 secre\uc1 \u355 ?iei de hormon antidiuretic;}{\fs20
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 secre\uc1 \u355 ?iei de hormon
natriuretic;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 produc\uc1
\u355 ?iei de angiotensin\uc1 \u259 ? II;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Aldosteronul:}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 ac\uc1 \u355 ?ioneaz\uc1 \u259 ? asupra unor receptori
mambranari \uc1 \u351 ?i are ca mesager secund AMPc;}{\fs20 \lang1048
\langfenp1049 intervine \uc1 \u1086 ?n eliminarea de ioni de K}{\fs13 \up10
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 + }{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich
\af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \uc1 \u351 ?i H}
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \uc1 \u1086 ?n tubul contort distal, prin
schimb cu ionul de Na}{\fs13 \up10 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
+}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 ;}{\fs20 \lang1048
\u259 ? asupra unor receptori intracelulari \uc1 \u351 ?i are ca mesager secund
ARNm;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain
\af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 produce efecte la
nivelul tubului cotort distal m\uc1 \u259 ?rind permeabilitatea pentru Na}{\fs13
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 produce efecte la nivelul tubului contort proximal,
influen\uc1 \u355 ?\uc1 \u226 ?nd permeabilitatea}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 pentru Na}{\fs13 \up10 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
?torii hormoni ac\uc1 \u355 ?ioneaz\uc1 \u259 ? asupra unor receptori bazo-laterali
tubului \uc1 \u351 ?i au ca mesager secund AMPc?}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langfenp1049 parathoromonul;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [x] }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 hormonul
antidiuretic;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 aldosteronul;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langfenp1049 factorul natriuretic atrial;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
angiotensina II;}{\fs13 \up10 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 }
{\fs13 \up10 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Ce factori i}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 nfluen\uc1 \u355 ?eaz\uc1 \u259 ?
filtrarea glomerular\uc1 \u259 ??}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
permeabilitatea capilarelor glomerulare;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 suprafa\uc1 \u355 ?a de
filtrare a nefronilor func\uc1 \u355 ?ionali;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 presiunea hidrostatic\uc1 \u259
? glomerular\uc1 \u259 ?;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
presiunea coloidosmotic\uc1 \u259 ? glomerular\uc1 \u259 ?;}{\fs20 \lang1048
\langfenp1049 presiunea coloidos}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 motic\uc1 \u259 ? capsular\uc1
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\af5 \hich \af5
\loch \f5 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 excretia m.g.}{\b1 \fs17
\langfenp1049 cm. Filtrarea glomerular\uc1 \u259 ? este afectat\uc1 \u259 ? de
modific\uc1 \u259 ?rile:}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 presiunii hidrostatice
glomerulare;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 presiunii hidrostatice capsulare;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 proteinemiei;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 membranei
filtrante;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \uc1 \u238 ?
nc\uc1 \u259 ?rc\uc1 \u259 ?rii electrice a porilor la trecerea particuleleor
electronegative de dimensiuni mici;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Cre\uc1 \u351 ?terile
fiziologice ale diurezei sunt determinate de:}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 c\uc1 \u259 ?ldur\uc1 \u259 ?;}
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 frig;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langfenp1049 efort fizic;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [x] }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 aportul
hidric crescut;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
num\uc1 \u259 ?rul mic\uc1 \u355 ?iunilor;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Sediul sintezei de
eritropoetin\uc1 \u259 ? la nivelul renal este \uc1 \u238 ?n:}{\fs20 \lang1048
\langfenp1049 A.celulele mioepiteliale;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain \li0
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 B.celulele endoteliale;}{\fs20 \lang1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 C.capilarele peritubulare din
cortical\uc1 \u259 ?;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 D.celulele hipoxice
juxtaglomerulare;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 E.celulele tubului colector;}{\fs20
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Func\uc1 \u355 ?iile
endocrine ale rinichiului se refer\uc1 \u259 ? la secre\uc1 \u355 ?ia de:}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 endoteline;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 catecolamine;}{\fs20 \lang1048
\langfenp1049 kinine;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
urokinaz\uc1 \u259 ?;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 prostaglandine;}{\fs20 \lang1048
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
?toarele substan\uc1 \u355 ?e este secretat\uc1 \u259 ? tubul}{\fs20 \lang1048
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 ar?}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langfenp1049 sodiul;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 potasiul;}{\fs20 \lang1048
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 clorul;}{\fs20 \lang1048
\langfenp1049 inulina;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Sc\uc1 \u259 ?derea
ratei de filtrare glomerular\uc1 \u259 ? se poate observa \uc1 \u238 ?n:}{\fs20
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 vasoconstric\uc1 \u355 ?ia
arteriolei aferente;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
vasoconstric\uc1 \u355 ?ia arteriolei eferente;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
presiunii \uc1 \u238 ?n capsula Bowman;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 A \uc1 \u351 ?i C corecte;}{\fs20 \lang1048
corect;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Care este regiunea nefronului \uc1 \u1086 ?n care
debitul ultrafiltratului este maxim?}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [x] }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 capsula
Bowman;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 tubul contort proximal;}{\fs20 \lang1048
\langfenp1049 ansa Henle;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 tubul contort distal;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 tubul colector;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Filtrarea
glomerular\uc1 \u259 ? nu depinde de:}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
permeabilitatea membranei filtrante glomerulare;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 suprafa\uc1 \u355 ?a de
filtrare;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain
\af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 presiunea
efectiv\uc1 \u259 ? de filtrare;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
transportul maxim tubular;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
schimburile \uc1 \u1086 ?n contracurent din vasele recta;}{\fs20 \lang1048
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Secretia hormonului antidiuretic este determinata
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cresterea concentratiei sodiului in lichdul
extracelular;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cresterea osmolaritatii care excita
osmoreceptorii hipotalamici;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cresterea cantitatii de apa in
organism;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 scaderea cantitatii de potasiu in organism;}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 scaderea osmolaritatii;}{\fs20 \lang1048
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
sist.nerv.part.m.g.}{\b1 \fs17 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5 \lang1033
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs La care nivel al maduvei spinarii
sectionarea ei provoaca moartea momentala:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\rin-1333 \tql \tx9639 \itap0 \fs24 \lang1049 \langnp1049
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 segmentul toracic I;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 segmentul I-II cervical;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 segmentul lombar IV;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 segmentul toracic VIII;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 segmentul lombar I;}{\fs20 \lang1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs De la care receptori impulsurile se
transmit la corpii geniculati laterali:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 fotoreceptorii retinei;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 urechei interne;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 pielei;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 muschilor;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 tendoanelor;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs De unde se incepe fascicolul Monakov:}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 scoarta emisferelor mari;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 bulbul rahidian;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 nucleii rosii ai mezencefalului;}{\fs20
\lisb0 \lisa0 \nowidctlpar
\langfenp1049 cerebel;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 talamus;}
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs De la care receptori se transmit
impulsurile la corpii geniculati mediali:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 de la receptorii retinei;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 de la receptorii urechei interne;}{\fs20
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 de la receptorii pielei;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 de la proprioreceptorii muschilor;}{\fs20
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 de la termoreceptori;}{\fs20 \lang1033
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Unde se termina fibrele nervoase a
tractului piramidal:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\langfenp1049 [x] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 pe
celulele motore a coarnelor anterioare;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 pe celulele coarnelor posterioare;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 in ganglionii periferici;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 pe neuronii intercalari;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 in coarnele laterale;}{\fs20 \lang1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Regiditatea de decerebrare apare la
sectionarea trunchiului cerebral:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 mai sus de talamii optici;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 sub nucleii rosii;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 mai jos de bulbul rahidian;}{\fs20
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 mai sus de hipotalamus;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 mai sus de ganglionii bazali;}{\fs20
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Lezarea caror nuclee duce la disparitia
regiditatii de decerebrare:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 nucleelor nervului frenic;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 nucleelor nervului facial;}{\fs20
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 nucleelor nervului trigemen;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 nucleelor Deiters a bulbului rahidian;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 nucleelor nervului vag;}{\fs17 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 {\b1 \fs17 \dbch \af5
Excitarea caror nuclee a hipotalamusului provoaca efecte simpatice:}{\fs20
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 ventromediale;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 anterioare;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 posterioare;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 ventrolaterale;}{\fs20 \lang1033
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm La ce duce excitarea locala a nucleelor
posterioare a hipotalamusului;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 cresterea presiunii arteriale;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 micsorarea temperaturii;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 marirea metabolismului;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 dilatarea pupilei;}{\fs20 \lang1033
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Care functii sunt reglate de hipotalamus:}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 metabolismul hidrosalin;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 metabolismul termic;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain \li0 \ri-1333
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 comportamentul alimentar;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 comportarea sexuala;}{\fs20 \lang1033
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Care regiuni ale creerului participa in
reactii emotionale:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
hipotalamusul;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\langfenp1049 [x] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 scoarta
emisferelor mari ;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
talamusul;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 sistemul limbic;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 ganglionii bazali;}{\fs17 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm In care portiuni ale creerului sunt
localizati neuronii preganglionari parasimpatici:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 diencefal;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 bulbul rahidian;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 puntea lui Varoli;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 mezencefal;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cerebel}{\b1 \fs20
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs20
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 803).}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 Capitol: }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
sist.nerv.part.m.g.}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 10cs In care portiuni ale maduvei spinarii
sunt localizati neuronii preganglionari parasimpatici:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 sacrala;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 toracala;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 lombara;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cervicala superioara;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cervicala inferioara;}{\fs20 \lang1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\loch \f5 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 sist.nerv.part.m.g.}
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Unde sunt localizati neuronii preganglionari
simpatici:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 in coarnele anterioare ale
maduvei spinarii;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 in
coarnele posterioare ale maduvei spinarii;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 in coarnele laterale ale segmentelor lombare;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 in coarnele laterale I-XII ale segmentelor
toracale ale maduvei spinarii;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 in portiunea cervicala a maduvei spinarii;}{\fs20 \lang1033
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Care substanta este parasimpatomimetica si
parasimpatolitica:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
acetilcolina parasimpatolitica;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 atropina parasimpatolitica;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 atropina parasimpatomimetica;}{\fs20
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 acetilcolina parasimpatomimetica;}{\fs20
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 aminazina parasimpatomimetica;}{\fs20
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Care substante sunt simpatomimetice:}{\fs20
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 aminazina;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 noradrenalina;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 atropina;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Ce functie indeplineste talamusul:}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 asociativa;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 b) }{\fs17 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 sensora;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 activeaza cortexul cerebral.;}{\fs20
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 coordonarea miscarilor;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 comportament alimentar;}{\fs20 \lang1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Enumerati caile ascendente a maduvei spinarii:}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 fasciculul Goll si Burdach;}{\fs20
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 fasciculul Gowers si Flechsig;}{\fs20
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 spinotalamica ventrala;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 fascicului Monakow;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 fasciculul rubrospinal;}{\fs20 \lang1033
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Enumerati caile descendente ale maduvei spinarii:}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 corticospinala;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cerebelo-spinala;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 rubrospinala;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 Golea-Burdah;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain \li0 \ri-1333 \lisb0
\lisa0 \nowidctlpar \lin0 \rin-1333 \tql \tx9639 \itap0 \fs24 \lang1049
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 vestibulospinala;}{\fs20 \lang1033
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Care sunt functiile de baza ale bulbului rahidian:}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 regleaza respiratia;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 regleaza sistemul cardiovascular;}{\fs20
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 regeleza tonusul muscular;}{\fs20
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 regleaza deglutitia;}{\fs20 \lang1033
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Numiti centrii bulbului rahidian:}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 respirator;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 hemodinamic;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 digestiv;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 foamei;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 setei;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Centrii caror reflexe sunt localizati in
bulbul rahidian:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 motori si tonici (nucleele
Deiters,Behterev,Schwalbe);}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 reflexe de protectie(tusei,stranutului,vomei si lacrimarii);}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 masticatie;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 deglutitie;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Numiti grupele de nuclee ale talamusului optic:}{\fs20
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 nuclei specifici (comutanti);}{\fs20
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 nuclei supraoptici;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 nuclei asociativi;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 nuclei nespecifici;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 nucleul caudat;}{\fs20 \lang1033
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfenp1049 cm Care formatiuni intra in componenta mezencefalului:}{\fs20
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 talamusul;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 hipotalamusul;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 substanta neagra;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 coliculii cvadrigemeni;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 nucleii rosii;}{\fs20 \lang1033
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Activarea nucleelor hipotalamusului anterior
provoaca:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain
\li0 \ri-1333 \lisb0 \lisa0 \nowidctlpar \lin0 \rin-1333 \tql \tx9639 \itap0
}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 marire presiunii sangvine;}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 senzatia de satietate;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 eliberarea oxitocinei si vasopresinei;}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 scaderea frecventei cardiace;}{\fs20
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 reglarea temperaturii corpului;}{\fs20
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Activarea nucleelor hipotalamusului posterior
provoaca:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain
}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 eliberarea oxitocinei;}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 scaderea frecventei cardiace;}{\fs20
\lisb0 \lisa0 \nowidctlpar \lin0
\rin-1333 \tql \tx9639 \itap0 \fs24 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 reglarea temperaturii corpului;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 marirea presiunii sangvine;}{\fs20
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 inhibitia motilitatll tractului digestiv;}
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Care sunt functiile de baza ale cerebelului:}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 regleaza miscarile voluntare fine facandu-le
precise;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 participa la reglarea
posturii corpului si echilibrului;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 influenteaza asupra cortexului;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 influenteaza asupra hipotalamusului;}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 influenteaza direct asupra formatiunii
reticulare;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Care sunt functiile de baza ale formatiunii
reticulare:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 stimuleaza cortexul
cerebral;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain
}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 inhiba cortexul cerebral;}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 inhiba reflexele spinale motore;}{\fs20
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 stimuleaza musculatura neteda;}{\fs20
\lisb0 \lisa0 \nowidctlpar \lin0 \rin-1333 \tql \tx9639 \itap0 \fs24
\af5 \loch \f5 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 e) }{\fs17 \dbch
{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 stimuleaza reflexele spinale
motore;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Care sunt functiile de baza ale sistemului limbic:}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 participa in mecanismele memoriei;}{\fs20
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 regleaza comportamentul emotional;}{\fs20
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 controleaza actiunile motivationale;}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 regleaza reflexele stato-kinetice;}{\fs20
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Care sunt semnele clinice de lezare a cerebelului: }
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 ataxia;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 astazia;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 atonia;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 astenia;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Functiile hipotalamusului:}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 este o cale eferenta majora a sistemului limbic;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 control vegetativ si endocrin;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 asigura modificarile vegetative ale emotiilor;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 coordoneaza miscarile voluntare;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 regleaza tonusul muscular;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
cm Manifestarile specifice a socului spinal sunt:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 scaderea brusca a tensiunii arteriale;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 blocarea completa a activitatii reflexe a muschilor striati;}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 reflexele mictiunii si defecatiei complet
suprimate;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 tensiunea arteriala nu se modifica;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 tonusul muschilor scheletali nu se modifica;}{\fs20 \lang1033
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
cm Reflexele posturale si locomotorii a maduvei spinarii sunt:}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 reactia pozitiva de sustinere a pozei;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 reflexul de pasire ritmica;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 reflexul de galop;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 reflexul
de mictiune;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 reflexele stato-kinetice;}{\fs17 \dbch
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
cs Cauza socului spinal este:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
centrelor spinale provocate de trauma;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 inhibitia
reciproca a centrelor din maduva spinarii;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
intreruperea legaturii cu centrele supraiacente;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
cm Dupa disparitia socului spinal hiperreflexia este cauzata de:}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 impulsatia aferenta marita;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 lipsa influentelor inhibitoare ale encefalului;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049
influenta excitatoare a formatiei reticulare;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 marirea excitabilitatii centrelor spinale;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
cm Rolul centrelor din trunchiul cerebral in mentinerea posturii si locomotiei
consta in:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 mentinerea tonusul postural si sustinerii
corpului impotriva fortei gravitationale;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 comanda miscarile necesare mentinerii echilibrului;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 comanda majoritatea miscarilor stereotipice ale corpului;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 controlul miscarilor voluntare;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Nivelul maxim, la care se poate sectiona maduva
spinarii asigurind supravietuirea animalului este:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 sub bulbul rahidian;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 intre segmentele cervicaqle 1-2;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 mai jos de segmentul 3-5 cervical;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 intre ultimul segment cervical si primul toracal;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain \li0 \ri-1333 \lisb0
\lisa0 \nowidctlpar \lin0 \rin-1333 \tql \tx9639 \itap0 \fs24 \lang1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Cerebelul asigura:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 supravegherea si corectarea activitatilor motorii;}{\fs20
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 ajuta cortexul cerebral sa coordoneze
modelede miscare in special ale extremitatilor distale ale}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 {\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 corpului
(maini, picioare,degete);}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
termoreglarea;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 reglarea metabolismului
hidrosalin;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
cs Semnele clinice la lezarea cerebelului sunt:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 dizartria;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 adiadocokinezia;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 tremorul intentional;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
nistagmusul;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\tql \tx9639 \itap0 \fs24 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 {\b1
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 sist.nerv.part.m.g.}{\b1 \fs17 \dbch \af5
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Rolul ganglionilor bazali:}
\langfenp1049 a) }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [x]
participa in reglarea activitatilor motorii complexe;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 implicarea in executarea miscarilor invatate;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 controlul miscarilor fine;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 participa la formarea memoriei de lunga durata;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
cm Manifestarile clinice produse prin lezarea ganglionilor bazali:}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 atetoza;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 boala Parkinson;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 corea Huntington;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
regiditatea de decerebrare;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 agnozia;}
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Hipertonia muscular\uc1 \u259 ? produs\uc1
\u259 ? prin rigiditatea de decerebrare poate fi \uc1 \u238 ?nl\uc1 \u259 ?
turat\uc1 \u259 ? prin:}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par
stimularea fibrelor aferente A \uc1 \u945 ?; de la nivelul fusului neuromuscular;}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 distrugerea nucleelor vestibulari (in special
Dieters);}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain
\af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 transsec\uc1 \u355 ?
iunea conexiunilor cerebelulu}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 i cu nucleul vestibular lateral;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\f8 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 stimularea motoneuronilor
\uc1 \u945 ?;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\hich \af8 \loch \f8 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 stimularea
motoneuronilor \uc1 \u947 ?;}{\fs20 \dbch \af8 \hich \af8 \loch \f8 \lang1033
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
cs Nucleii bazali :}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 r}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7
\loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 eprezint\uc1 \u259 ?
etajul cel mai \uc1 \u238 ?nalt de integrare a mi\uc1 \u351 ?c\uc1 \u259 ?rilor
involuntare, automate;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 intervin \uc1 \u1086 ?n reglarea
tonusului, posturii, echilibrului;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 intervin \uc1 \u238 ?n reglarea mi\uc1 \u351 ?c\uc1 \u259
?rilor automate, ini\uc1 \u355 ?iate voluntar de c\uc1 \u259 ?tre scoar\uc1
\u355 ?\uc1 \u259 ?;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
intervin \uc1 \u238 ?n elaborarea unor comenzi voluntare pentru mi\uc1 \u351 ?
c\uc1 \u259 ?ri de ansamblu;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
toate r\uc1 \u259 ?spunsurile sunt corecte;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Reflexul monosinaptic necesit\uc1 \u259 ?
urm\uc1 \u259 ?toarele elemente cu excep\uc1 \u355 ?ia:}{\fs20 \lang1048
\langfenp1049 organului tendos Golgi;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \nowidctlpar \lin0 \rin0
\langfenp1049 aferen\uc1 \u355 ?elor musculare din grupa A ?}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 de tip Ia, de la receptorii primari ai
fusului neuromuscular;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
aferen\uc1 \u355 ?elor musculare din grupa A ?}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 de tip Ib,de la receptorii tendinosi Golgi;}{\fs20
\f8 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 motoneuronilor \uc1 \u945 ?;}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 acetilcolinei;}{\fs20 \lang1033
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Care din urm\uc1 \u259 ?toarele asocieri
sunt incorecte?}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 reflex tendinos Golgi -bisinaptic;}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 reflex miotatic - monosinaptic;}{\fs20
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 reflex de extensie simpl\uc1
\u259 ? - multisinaptic}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 ,}
\af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 circuit Renshaw -
adrenalin\uc1 \u259 ?;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 reflex rotulian - reflex
polisinaptic;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Reflexul de grataj (sc\uc1 \u259 ?rpinare)
este un reflex medular:}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 segmentar}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 intersegmentar;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
suprasegmentar;}{\fs20
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 polisinaptic;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 monosinaptic;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
cs Fibrele de la gama -motoneuroni:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 inerveaz\uc1 \u259 ? motoneuronii spinali,}{\fs20
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 sunt insensibile la \uc1
\u238 ?ntinderea pasiv\uc1 \u259 ?;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 sunt o clas\uc1 \u259 ? de fibre c}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 u diametru cel mai mare;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 nu inerveaz\uc1 \u259 ? fibrele
musculare extrafusale,}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
nici un r\uc1 \u259 ?spuns corect;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Un motoneuron \uc1 \u945 ?}{\fs20
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 :}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 Inerveaz\uc1 \u259 ? at\uc1
\u238 ?t fibrele musculare intrafusale c\uc1 \u238 ?t \uc1 \u351 ?i pe cele
extrafusale;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
inerveaz\uc1 \u259 ? o singur\uc1 \u259 ? fibr\uc1 \u259 ? muscular\uc1 \u259 ?;}
\af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 face parte din calea
final\uc1 \u259 ? comun\uc1 \u259 ?;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 inerveaz\uc1 \u259 ? fibrele musculare extrafuzale;}
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 nici un r\uc1 \u259 ?spuns corect;}{\fs17 \dbch \af5
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Aferen\uc1 \u355 ?ele reticulare sunt
urm\uc1 \u259 ?toarele, cu excep\uc1 \u355 ?ia uneia :}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langfenp1049 corticale;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 bulbo-ponto-mezencefalice;}
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cerebeloase;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 hipotalamice, limbice \uc1
\u351 ?i}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 corticale;}
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 hipofizare;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\uc1 \u1089 ?}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 m }{\fs20
Arcul reflex simpatic difer\uc1 \u259 ? de cel somatic astfel :}{\fs20 \lang1049
\langfenp1049 calea }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
eferenta simpatica }{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 este
alcatuita de un neuron}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\tab }{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 ;}{\fs20 \lang1049
\langfenp1049 calea }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
eferenta simpatica }{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 este
alcatuita din doi neuroni;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 centrul }
{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 simpatic }{\fs20
\lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 este situat in coarnele
anterioare;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \tab }{\fs20
\lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \tab }{\fs20 \lang1049
\langfenp1049 centrul}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
simpatic}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 este situat in
coarnele laterale;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\hich \af5 \loch \f5 \lang1033
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 axonii }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 simpatici }{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
trec in nervii spinali prin radacina posterioara;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
cm .}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 Neuronii preganglionari
simpatici fac sinapsa cu neuronii postganglionari:}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049
\langfenp1049 in ganglionul lantului simpatic in care au ajuns;}{\fs20 \lang1049
\langfenp1049 fac sinapse in alt ganglion a lantului simpatic;}{\fs20 \lang1049
\langfenp1049 poate trece prin lant si face sinapsa in ganglionii prevertebrali;}
\langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 fac sinapse in organul efector cu ganglionii
intramurali;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\uc1 \u1089 ?}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 s }{\fs20
\lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 Fibrele preganglionare sunt de
tip :}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain
\langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 A; }{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049
\langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 C;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049
\langfenp1049 amielinice;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 E. }
{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \tab }{\fs20 \lang1033
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5 \lang1033
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 }{\b1 \fs17 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5
\langfenp1049 sist.nerv.part.m.g.}{\b1 \fs17 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5
\langfenp1049 s }{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 Fibrele
postganglionare sunt de tip:}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 A;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049
\langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 C;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049
\langfenp1049 mielinice;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
toate r\uc1 \u259 ?spunsurile corecte;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\uc1 \u1089 ?}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 s }{\fs20
\lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 Neuronii simpatici postganglionari
care ajung la glandele sudoripare si muschii piloerectori sunt:}{\fs20 \lang1049
\langfenp1049 adrenergici;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049
colinergici;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 serotoninergici;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049
\langfenp1049 dopaminergici;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 histaminergici;}{\fs20 \lang1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
Punctajul: }{\fs17 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 Toate procesele enumerate apar la excitarea sistemului
nervos simpatic}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cu
exceptia}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 :}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 inhibitia peristaltismului;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049
\langfenp1049 contractia muschiului radial al irisului;}{\fs20 \lang1049
\langfenp1049 secretia reninei;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [x] }{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 secretia
insulinei;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 dilatarea vaselor }{\fs20 \lang1033
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 coronariene}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049
\langfenp1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
cs }{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 Neuronii simpatici
preganglionari sunt:}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 adrenergici;}{\fs20 \lang1049
\langfenp1049 colinergici;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049
dopaminergici;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 serotoninergici;}{\fs20
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 histaminergici;}{\fs20 \lang1033
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
cs }{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 Neuronii simpatici
postganglionari sunt:}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 adrenergici;}{\fs20 \lang1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 colinergici;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 dopaminergici;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
serotoninergici;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 purinergici;}{\fs20 \lang1033
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
cs }{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 Neuronii parasimpatici
preganglionarai sunt:}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 adrenergici; }{\fs20
\langfenp1049 colinergici; }{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049
dopaminergici; }{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 serotoninergici;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 purinergici;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
cm }{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 Receptorii colinergici
\langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 alfa ; }{\b1 \fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049
\lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [x] muscarinici; }{\fs20
\langfenp1049 beta; }{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049
nicotinici; }{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
cm }{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 Receptorii adrenergici
sunt de tip:}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 muscarinici; }{\fs20 \lang1049
\langfenp1049 alfa; }{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049
nicotinici; }{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 beta;}{\fs20 \lang1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
cm }{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 Receptorii muscarinici
se gasesc in:}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 toate celulele efectoare stimulate de
neuronii postganglionari a sistemului nervos parasimpatic;}{\fs20 \lang1049
\langfenp1049 la nivelul sinapselor dintre neuronii pre si postganglionari
simpatici ;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 fibrele musculare scheletice la nivelul
sinapsei neuromusculare;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 in celulele stimulate de neuronii
colinergici postganglionari a sistemului nervos simpatic;}{\fs20 \lang1049
\langfenp1049 in glandele sudoripare;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\rin-1333 \tql \tx9639 \itap0 \fs24 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm }{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1049
\langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 Stimularea nervului simpatic provoac\uc1
\u259 ?:}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 contracta fibrele radiale ale irisului si
dilata pupila;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
contract\uc1 \u259 ? muschii circulari ai irisului si micsoreaza diametrul
pupilei;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 produce o secretie concentrata a celulelor
glandulare;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 produce contractia vaselor sangvine care
iriga glandele;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 mareste eliminarea secretului
concentrat a celulelor glandulare;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
cm }{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 Stimularea
simpaticului:}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 mareste forta contractiei miocardului si
ritmul contractiilor}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
inimii}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 ; }{\fs20
\langfenp1049 micsoreaza forta contractiei miocardului si ritmul contractiilor;}
\langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 contracta vasele sangvine din viscerele
abdominale si din piele!}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 dilata vasele sangvine din
viscerele abdominale si din piele;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [x] }{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 mareste
forta de propulsie a sangelui de catre inima si rezistenta la flux;}{\fs20
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 provoaca o scadere a secretie}{\fs20
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 i}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 sudorii; }{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049
\langfenp1049 provoaca o secretie abundenta a sudorii;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049
\langfenp1049 dilata bronhiile; }{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049
constricta bronhiile; }{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 scade peristaltismul si tonusul
intestinal;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 constricta sfincterii (piloric,vezicii
biliare,vezicii urinare);}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 relaxeaza sfincterii
(piloric,vezicii biliare ,vezicii urinare);}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049
\langfenp1049 mareste viteza de coagulare a sangelui;}{\fs20 \lang1049
\langfenp1049 mareste metabolismul bazal; }{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049
\langfenp1049 scade metabolismul bazal;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
parasimpaticului :}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 provoaca constrictia pupilei
(mioza); }{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langfenp1049 provoaca dilatarea pupilei (midriaz);}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049
\langfenp1049 provoaca secretia abundenta a sucurilor digestive;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 micsoreaza secretia sucurilor digestive; }{\fs20 \lang1049
\langfenp1049 provoaca constrictia bronhiilor}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\uc1 \u1089 ?}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 m }{\fs20
\lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 Stimularea parasimpaticului:}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 mareste peristaltismul si tonusul intestinal; }{\fs20
\langfenp1049 micsoreaza peristaltismul si tonusul intestinal;}{\fs20 \lang1049
\langfenp1049 relaxeaza sfincterii (piloric,vezicii biliare,vezicii urinare);}
\langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 provoaca constrictia muschiului detrusor;}
\langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 provoaca relexarea muschiului detrusor;}
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
cm }{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 Raspunsul simpatic la
stresul fizic sau intelectual este:}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049
presiunii arteriale;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cresterea glicolizei hepatice si
musculare;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 reducerea glicolizei hepatice si musculare;}
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 {\b1 \fs17 \dbch \af5 \hich
\af5 \loch \f5 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 d) }{\fs17 \dbch
{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cresterea vitezei coagularii
sangelui;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain
\langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 scaderea ratei metabolismului celular;.}
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
cs Care din reflexele vegetative sunt aplicate in medicina pentru aprecierea
starii sistemului nervos vegetativ:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
Danini-Asner;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 reflexul cardio-respirator (aritmia
respiratorie);}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 reactia ortostatica;}{\fs20
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 dermografizmul;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 toate raspunsurile corecte;}{\b1 \fs20
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs20
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 860).}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 Capitol: }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
sist.nerv.part.m.g.}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 Punctajul: }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 10cs Care din reflexele vegetative sunt aplicate in medicina pentru
aprecierea starii sistemului nervos vegetativ:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 reflexul Danini-Asner;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
cardio-respirator (aritmia respiratorie);}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 reactia
ortostatica;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 dermografizmul;}{\fs20 \lang1033
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfenp1049 861).}{\b1 \fs17 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain \li0 \ri-
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Fibrele piramidale groase ce pleaca de la nivelul
celulelor Betz :}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\hich \af8 \loch \f8 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 sunt fibre de
tip A \uc1 \u945 ? ;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
sunt fibre de tip A \uc1 \u946 ?;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 sunt
fibre de tip C ;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 sunt fibre de tip B ;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 toate variantele corecte ;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
cm Reflexele medulare segmentare sunt :}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
de ascensor;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 reflexul de redresare;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 reflexul de flexie;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [x] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 reflexul
de flexie si extensie incrucisata;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [x] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 reflexul
de extensie;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
cs .Socul spinal se produce prin sectiunea }{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 m\uc1 \u259 ?duvei spin\uc1
\u259 ?rii:}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langfenp1049 in regiunea prepontin-intercolicular;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 sub trunchiul cerebral la nivelul C}{\fs13 \dn4 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 mai jos de nivelul C}{\fs13
subtalamic;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 superior maduvei spinarii;}{\fs20
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
cm Animalul decerebrat:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 prezinta rigiditate de
decerebrare;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 este animal spinal;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 se obtine prin sectiunea la nivelul suprarubric;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 este animal mezencefalic;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [x] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 se obtine
prin sectiunea la nivel intercolicular infrarubric;}{\fs20 \lang1033
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
cs Sistemul limbic intervine in :}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
organizarea tipurilor de comportament;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 controlul
functiilor vegetative/endocrine;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 durere,
invatare, olfactie;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 mentinerea ritmurilor biologice;}
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
cs In timpul unei miscari voluntare, organul (corpusculul) tendinos Golgi transmite
sistemului nervos central informatii despre:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 lungimea muschiului ;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
intensitatea miscarilor;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 irigatia muschiului;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 tensiunea dezvoltata in muschi la inceputul miscarii;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 modificarile unghiului articulatiilor in miscare;}{\fs20
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
cs Fusul neuromuscular Kuhne :}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 contine
proprioceptori;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 fibrele intrafusale sunt ancorate
de glicocalexul fibrelor extrafusale;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 contine
doua tipuri de fibre intrafusale (fibrele sacului nuclear si fibrele lantului
nuclear);}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 contine terminatii nervoase senzitive si
motorii;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langfenp1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
cm Cerebelul este important in controlul :}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
coordonarii miscarilor succesive;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
emotiilor;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 miscarilor rapide preprogramate;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 mentinerii tonusului , posturii, echilibrului si redresarii
corpului;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain
spunsurile corecte;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs \uc1 \u946 ?-adrenoreceptorii activeaza
proteinele G, care la rindul lor activeaza:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 adenilat ciclaza;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 protein
kinaza A;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 protein kinaza C;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 calmodulina;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
fosfolipaza C;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\loch \f5 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 sist.nerv.part.m.g.}{\b1
cs Noradrenalina determina contractia musculaturii netede din :}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 bronhiole;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 muschiul erector al firului de
par;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain \li0
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 intestin;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 arteriole;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 corpul ciliar;}{\fs20 \lang1033
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
cs Hipotalamusul nu este cel mai putin implicat in reglarea:}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 aportului de apa;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
temperaturii;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 osmolaritatii urinei;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 contractia musculaturii scheletice;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 comportamentului emotional;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
cm Neuronii simpatici:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 care inerveaza medulosuprarenala
sunt postganglionari;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 care produc
noradrenalina sunt preganglionari;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 pot
elibera la nivelul organelor efectoare, GABA;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\f8 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 elibereaza noradrenalina care
isi exercita actiunea la nivelul organelor efectoare, prin activarea a doua
categorii de receptori \uc1 \u945 ? (\uc1 \u945 ? }{\fs13 \dn4 \lang1033
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 si \uc1 \u945 ? }{\fs13 \dn4
\loch \f8 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 ) \uc1 \u946 ? (\uc1
\u946 ? }{\fs13 \dn4 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 1}{\fs20 \dbch
\af8 \hich \af8 \loch \f8 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 si \uc1
\u946 ?}{\fs13 \dn4 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 2}{\fs20
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 );}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 actioneaza la nivelul inimii}{\fs20 \dbch \af8 \hich \af8 \loch
\f8 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 , prin intermediul receptorilor
\uc1 \u946 ?}{\fs13 \dn4 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 1}
{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 , si determina cresterea
frecventei si fortei de contraactie;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
cs Un pacient prezinta miscari anormale, atetozice. Se presupune ca are o;}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 leziune cerebeloasa;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 leziune a nucleilor bazali;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 leziune talamica;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 leziune
hipotalamica;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 E.leziune a cortexului cerebral;}{\fs20
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
cs Care din urmatoarele substante, prezente in concentratii ridicate in putamen,
nucleul caudat si substanta neagra, scad in concentratie in boala lui Parkinson?}
\langfenp1049 dopamina;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par
}\pard \plain \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 GABA;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 melatonina;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
cm Care sunt elementele comune in organizarea sistemului nervos vegetativ
simpatic si parasimpatic?}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 lungimea fibrelor
preganglionare;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 neuromediatia la nivel ganglionar;}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 receptorul nicotinic la nivel ganglionar;}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 centrii superiori localizati in hipotalamus;}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 originea fibrelor preganglionare;}{\fs20
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
cm Receptorii nicotinici se gasesc:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [x] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 la
nivelul ganglionilor vegetativi simpatici;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
nivelul ganglionilor vegetativi parasimpatici;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 la nivelul jonctiunelor neuromusculare scheletice;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 \uc1 \u1086 ?n organele efectoare viscerale;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 glandele
sudoripare;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
cs Acetilcolina intervine in neuromediatie la urmatoarele nivele:}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 sinapsele neuroneuronale din ganglionii simpatici;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 sinapsele neuroneuronale din ganglionii parasimpatici;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 sinapsele terminale, neuroefectoare parasimpatice;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 sinapsele terminale, neuroefectoare somatice;}{\fs20 \lang1033
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
cm Transmiterea sinaptica in ganglionii simpatici:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 este electrica;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [x] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 implica
eliberarea de acetilcolina;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
mediata de receptorii adrenergici in exclusivitate;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 implica receptorii muscarinici;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 implica receptorii nicotinici;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\lisa0 \nowidctlpar \lin0 \rin-1333 \tql
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 sist.nerv.part.m.g.}{\b1 \fs17 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Care receptori pot fi activati prin
acetilcolina:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\hich \af8 \loch \f8 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 Receptorii
\uc1 \u945 ?}{\fs13 \dn4 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 1 }{\fs20
si \uc1 \u945 ?}{\fs13 \dn4 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 2}
{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 - adrenergici;}{\fs20
\f8 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 receptorii \uc1 \u946 ?}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 - adrenergici;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\f8 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 receptorii \uc1 \u946 ? }{\fs13
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 - adrenergici;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 receptorii nicotinici ;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
receptorii muscarinici;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
cm Precizati asocierile incorecte:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 reflex
polisinaptic -reflex vegetativ;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [x] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 reflex
bineuronal - reflex de flexie;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
monosinaptic - reflex miotatic;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
neconditionat - reflex innascut;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [x] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 reflex
vegetativ - reflex de clipire;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049
Trunchiul cerebral intervine in controlul posturii, pentru ca la acest nivel :}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 trec tracturile piramidale (corticospinale si
corticobulbare);}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 este originea tractului rrubrospinal;}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 este originea tractulurilor reticculospinal
pontin si bulbar;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 este originea tracturilor
vestibulospinal lateral si testospinal;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 toate r\uc1 \u259 ?spunsurile corecte}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
cm Neuromediatia specifica evidentiata in sistemul ganglionilor bazali este;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 dopaminergica;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 GABA-ergica;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 colinergica;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
noradrenergica, serotoninergica;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
enkefalinergica si prin substanta P;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
cs Sistemul limbic intervine in urmatoarele procese cu exceptia:}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 memoriei;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 emotivitatii;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 controlul motor al pozitiei;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 reglarii comportamentului;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 olfactiei;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
cs Care din urmatoarele celule formeaza cai eferente de la cortexul cerebelos?}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 celulele Purkinje;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 celulele granulare;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
stelate interne (celulele cu cosulet);}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
stelate externe;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 celulele spinotalamice;}{\fs17 \dbch \af5
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Prin activarea organului tendinos Golgi se produce:}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 facilitarea motoneu}{\fs20 \dbch \af8
\hich \af8 \loch \f8 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 ronilor
\uc1 \u945 ? ce inerveaza acelasi muschi;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 contractia musculaturii antagoniste;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 reflexul tendinos Golgi;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 inhibarea motoneuronilor \uc1 \u945 ? ce inerveaza
muschii corespunzatori;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par
[ ] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 inhibitia reciproca;}
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Organul tendinos Golgi este localizat in:}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 fibrele musculare intrafusale;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 tendon;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 articulatii;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 tegument;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Reflexele de flexiune se caracterizeaza prin
urmatoarele elemente cu exceptia faptului ca:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 sunt reflexe monosinaptice;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 arcul reflex este multineuronal;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 cuprind 6-10 neuroni intercalari dispusi in lant inchis sau
deschis;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 sunt reflexe initiate de la nivelul
exteroceptorilor cutanati; tactili; termici si durerosi;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 neuronii intercalari fac sinapsa cu motoneuronii ipsi- si
contralaterali;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\loch \f5 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 Capitol:
\langfenp1049 sist.nerv.part.m.g.}{\b1 \fs17 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Urmatoarele afirmatii referitoare la fusurile
neuromusculare sunt corecte, cu exceeptia faptului ca:}{\fs20 \lang1033
\f8 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 motoneuronii \uc1 \u947 ?
formeaza sinapse cu fibrele musculare extrafusale;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 sunt activate prin contractia fibrelor musculare extrafusale, cu
care se asociaza;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 sunt fixate la un capat de
tendoane;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 semnalizeaza modificarile de lungime ale
muschiului;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 semnalizeaza modificarile ratei de alungire
a muschiului;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Care din urmatoarele semne apar in leziuni ale
ganglionilor bazali?}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 tremor de repaus;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 tulburari de tonus de tip hipertonic;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 miscari involuntare atetozice si coreice;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 balismul si hemibalismul;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 toate raspunsurile sunt corecte;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Retragerea reflexa a unui membru sub actiunea unui
stimul algic:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 se produce ca urmare a excitarii
nocciceptorilor;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\plain \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0
\langfenp1049 poate implica postdescarcarea;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\f8 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 rezulta din activarea fibrelor
A \uc1 \u948 ? cu diametru mic;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 poate fi
exagerata la pacienti cu leziuni medulare;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Un medicament, care dilata pupila si simultan
blocheaza acomodarea cristalinului, este un medicament care:}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 stimuleaza receptorii adrenergici;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 blochiaza receptorii adrenergici;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 stimuleaza receptorii colinergici muscarinici;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 blocheaza receptorii colinergici muscarinici;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 stimuleaza receptorii colinergici nicotinici;}{\fs20 \lang1033
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Functia primara a ganglionilor bazali este:}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 integrarea senzoriala;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 memoria
de scurta durata;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 planificarea miscarii voluntare;}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 controlul neuroendocrin;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 somnul
lent;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
ANALIZATORII m.g.}{\b1 \fs17 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5 \lang1033
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Modificarea potentialului de membrana al receptorului
la actiunea stimulului senzorial poarta numele de:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 potential de actiune;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 potential
postsinaptic de excitatie;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 potential
vestigial;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 potential de receptor;}{\fs20 \lang1033
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Alegeti modul corespunzator de excitatie a
receptorilor senzoriali mecanici:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 efectele
radiatiei electromagnetice;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
deformarea mecanica a receptorului;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
modificarea temperaturii membranei receptorilor;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 aplicarea unei substante chimice pe membrana receptorului;}{\fs20
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Care substanta din cele enumerate este cea mai
dureroasa:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 serotinina;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
bradichinina;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 histamina;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 ioni de potasiu;}{\fs17 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5 \lang1033
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Sistemul opioid al creerului:}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 este calea de transmitere a durerii viscerale;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 face parte din sistemul de analgezie a creierului;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 percepe durerea acuta;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
aparitia durerii referite;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Alegeti pentru senzatia gustativa primara de amar-
tipurile de substante chimice care determina aceasta senzatie:}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 substante organice cu lant lung ce contin azot; alcoloizi;}{\fs20
}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 saruri ionizate;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 acizi;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 alcooli, aminoacizi, aldehide;}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 baze;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs .Semnalul gustativ se transmite catre sistemul nervos
central prin nervii cranieni enumerati mai jos:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 nervul lingual;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 nervul
facial;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 nervul vag;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 nervul glosofaringian;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Care suprafata a sistemului optic al ochiului are cea
mai mare putere de refractie:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [x] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 suprafata
anterioara a corneei;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 suprafata posterioara a corneei;}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 suprafata anterioara a cristalinului;}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 suprafata posterioara a cristalinului;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 {\b1 \fs17 \dbch
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Controlul autonom al acomodatiei ochiului este
asigurat de:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 sistemul nervos simpatic;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 sistemul nervos somatic;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [x] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 sistemul
nervos parasimpatic;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 mecanisme hormonale;}{\fs20
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Presbiopia apare in rezultatul :}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 alungirii globului ocular;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 scaderii elasticitatii cristalinului;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 cresterii tensiunii intraoculare;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 dereglarii inervatiei muschiului ciliar;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 toate raspunsurile corecte;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 ANALIZATORII m.g.}{\b1 \fs17 \dbch \af5 \hich
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Cataracta se manifesta prin :}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cresterea presiunii intraoculare;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 modificarea curburii corneei;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 alungirea globului ocular;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 dereglarea inervatiei m.ciliar;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 opacifierea cristalinului;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Pentru determinarea acuitatii vizuale optotipul este
plasat de la persoana examinata la distanta de:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 20m;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 8m;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 5m;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Corectia astigmatismului poate fi efectuata:}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 cu lentile concave;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
indepartarea chirurgicala a cristalinului;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [x] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cu
lentile cilindrice;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 folosind preparate farmacologice;}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cu lentile convexe;}{\fs20 \lang1033
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Ce structuri ale ochiului asigura formarea umoarei
apoase:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 muschii ciliari;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 cristalinul;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 retina;}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 irisul;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 procesele (pliurile) ciliare din corpul ciliar;}{\fs20 \lang1033
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 csCum se modifica punctul remotum al vederii clare in
miopie:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 se indeparteaza;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 se apropie;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 nu se modifica;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 se suprapune cu punctul proxim al vederii clare:}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfe1049
\langfenp1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Cum se modifica punctul proxim al vederii clare in
presbiopie:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 nu se modifica;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 se indeparteaza;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
apropie;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 se suprapune cu punctul remotum al vederii
clare:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs .Substanta chimica fotoreceptoare din bastonase se
numeste:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 melanina;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 iodopsina;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 rodopsina;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 fotopsina;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049
\langfenp1049 cs Care este cauza hemeralopiei(orbire nocturna):}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 insuficienta enzimei retinal -izomeraza;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1033
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] opacifierea cristalinului;}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 dereglarea vascularizarii retinei;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 lipsa pigmentului melanina;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 insuficienta severa de vitamina A;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Care este rolul guanozin-monofosfatului ciclic(GMPc)
in generarea potentialului receptor din bastonase:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 participa la scindarea rodopsinei;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 distrugerea GMPc provoaca inchiderea canalelor de sodiu;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 distrugerea GMPc provoaca deschiderea canalelor de sodiu;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 mareste influxul ionilor de Na+;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Sistemul nervos interpreteaza diferite senzatii de
culoare in dependenta de:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cantitatea pigmentului melanina;}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 viteza de scindare a rodopsinei;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 proportiile stimularii celor trei tipuri de conuri;}{\fs20
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 intensitatea fluxului de lumina;}{\fs20
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Care este cauza defectelor vederii color:}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 insuficienta rodopsinei;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 lipsa
bastonaselor;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 lipsa diferitor tipuri de conuri;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 insuficienta de melanina;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Care tip de celule nu face parte din celulele
retinei:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 celule orizontale;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 celule ciliate externe;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] celule amacrine;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 celule bipolare;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 celule
ganglionare;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 ANALIZATORII m.g.}{\b1 \fs17
{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Disparitia perceptiei
vizuale in diferite arii a cimpului vizual poarta denumirea de:}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 presbiopie;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 acromazie;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 astigmatism;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 miopie;}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 hemianopsie;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Hemianopsia bitemporala apare cind semnalele senzitive
nu se transmit:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 prin nervul optic drept;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 prin nervul optic sting;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [x] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 prin
fibrele incrucisate din chiazma optica;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
fibrele neincrucisate din chiazma optica;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Hemianopsia binazala apare cind semnalele senzitive
vizuale nu se transmit:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par
[ ] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 prin nervul optic
stang;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 prin nervul optic drept;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 prin fibrele incrucisate din chiazma optica;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 prin fibrele neincrucisate din chiazma optica;}{\fs20 \lang1033
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Ce numim anizocorie:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 Anomalie a refractiei ochiului;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 dereglarea vederii cromatice;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 cresterea presiunii intraoculare;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 diametrul diferit al pupilelor;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 dereglarea acomodarii;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Care din elementele enumerate nu fac parte din urechea
medie:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 membrana vestibulara;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 ciocanul;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 scarita;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 nicovala;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par
}\pard \plain \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \nowidctlpar
\langfenp1049 m. tensor al timpanului;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Care este mecanismul de protejare a urechii de
zgomotele nocive:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 relaxarea m.tensor al timpanului si
slabirea membranei timpanice;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 inhibitia
celulelor cu cili;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 relaxarea m.scaritei;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 extinderea reflexa a membranei bazilare;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 contractia reflexa a m.stapedius si tensor al timpanului;}{\fs20
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Cum se modifica sensibilitatea auzului cind se
inlatura timpanul si sistemul oscilator:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 nu se modifica;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
deregleaza transmiterea sunetelor pe cale osoasa;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 apare surditatea totala;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [x] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 scade
esential;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfenp1049 ANALIZATORII m.g.}{\b1 \fs17 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Ce numim helicotrema:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 membrana pe care se gasesc receptorii auditivi;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 orificiul ce uneste rampa timpanica cu cea vestibulara;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 orificiul ce uneste rampa timpanica cu cea medie;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 orificiul ce uneste rampa medie cu cea vestibulara;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 membrana ce desparte rampa vestibulara de cea medie;}{\fs20 \lang1033
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Care nervi cranieni }{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049
nu inerveaza muschii extraoculari ai ochiului:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 perechea III;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 perechea
IV;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 perechea VI;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 perecheaVII;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Care segment al membranei bazilare vibreaza cu cea mai
mare amplitudine la sunete cu frecventa}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 inalta:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 {\b1 \fs17 \dbch \af5 \hich
{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 segmentul de la baza
cohleei;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 segmentul mediu;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 segmentul distal;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Cum sistemul nervos determina diferite frecvente
sonore:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 analizind amplitudinea oscilatiilor membranei
timpanice;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 analizind modificarilede concentratie a
ionilor din endolimfa;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 determinind locul unde membrana
bazilara este cel mai mult stimulata;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
analiza frecventei sunetului de catre unele harti tonotopice ale cortexului
auditiv;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs O persoana tinara poate sa auda sunete de intensitate
mare cu limitele spectrului de frecventa:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 5000-8000 Hz;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
Hz;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 200-5000 Hz;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 {\b1 \fs17 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch
\f5 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 d) }{\fs17 \dbch \af5 \hich
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 500-10000 Hz;}{\b1 \fs20
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [x] 20-20000 Hz;}{\fs20
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Care din ariile enumerate nu se incadreaza in
clasificarea de arii de asociatie:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 aria
limbica;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 aria Wernicke;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 aria somatosenzitiva;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
prefrontala;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 aria lui Broca}{\fs17 \dbch \af5 \hich
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Care este functia de baza a ariei lui Broca:}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 analiza senzatiilor auditive;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 controleaza miscarile voluntare ale corpului;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 este responsabila de emotii si motivatii;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 este raspunzatoare de formarea cuvintelor;}{\fs20 \lang1033
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\loch \f5 \lang1033 \langnp1033
{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Lezarea caror arii
corticale provoaca aparitia afaziei motorie:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 aria Broca;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 aria limbica de asociatie;}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 aria Wernicke;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 aria vizuala secundara;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
prefrontala de asociatie;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Care este functia majora a ariei Wernicke:}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 analiza informatiei vizuale;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 analiza
informatiei auditive;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 formarea cuvintelor;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 intelegerea limbajului si efectuarea proceselor intelectuale;}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 e responsabila de compartament;}{\fs20
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Prin ce se caracterizeaza afazia auditiva:}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 incapacitatea de a vorbi;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain \li0 \ri0 \lisb0
\langfenp1049 surditate;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 incapacitatea de a intelege
cuvintele rostite;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 afectarea receptorilor auditivi;}
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Care structuri ale creierului sint responsabile de
trecerea informatiei din memoria de scurta durata}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 {\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 in
memoria de lunga durata:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 nucleul supraoptic a
hipotalamusului;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 hipofiza;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 cerebelul;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 ganglionii bazali;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 hipocampul;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Ce dereglari survin la exterparea hipocampului:}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 tremor intentionat;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
dereglarea perceperii culorilor;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
dizartrie;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 amnezie anterograda;}{\fs20
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 amnezie retrograda;}{\fs17 \dbch \af5
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Circulatia repititiva a semnalelor printr-un traseu
neuronal(circuit reverberant)}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 este un mecanism al memoriei:}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 tertiare;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 de lunga durata;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 senzoriale;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 de scurta durata;}{\fs20
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Modificari structurale la nivelul sinapselor survin in
timpul dezvoltarii memoriei:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 senzoriale;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 de scurta durata;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
tertiare;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 de lunga durata;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\af5 \loch \f5 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 935).}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Amnezia retrograda se caracterizeaza prin:}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 incapacitatea de a intelege cuvintele rostite;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 incapacitatea de a intelege cuvintele scrise;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 incapacitatea de a evoca amintiri din memoria de lunga durata;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 incapacitatea de a stoca informatii sub forma memoriei de lunga
durata;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 toate raspunsurile corecte;}{\fs20 \lang1033
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Care trasaturi nu sant caracteristice pentru somnul
lent (cu unde lente):}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 micsorarea tonosului muscular;}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 scaderea metabolismului bazal;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 scaderea presiunii sangvine;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [x] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 miscari
rapide a globilor oculari;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Care trasaturi nu sunt caracteristice pentru somnul
paradoxal:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 visele;}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 frecventa cardiaca neregulata;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 miscari rapide ale globilor oculari;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 metabolismul total al creierului scade;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 miscari musculare neregulate;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Care din substantele descrise este considerata
neurotransmitatorul major implicat in producerea somnului lent:}{\fs20 \lang1033
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 acetilcolina;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 glicina;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 dopamina;}{\fs20 \lang1033
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Stimularea caror arii specifice din creier poate
produce un somn asemanator somnului natural:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 nucleii rafeului;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
hipocampul;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 nucleii tractului solitar;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 aria excitatoare
a trunchiului cerebral;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs La ce modificari ale somnului poate conduce lezarea
nucleilor rafeului:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 la cresterea duratei somnului
ortodoxal;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 la cresterea duratei somnului paradoxal;}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 la o stare de veghe continua;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 o stare de somnolenta;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
raspunsurile corecte; }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Enumerati tipurile fundamentale de receptori
senzoriali :}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 mecanoreceptori;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 termoreceptori;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
nociceptori;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 chemoreceptori;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 toate raspunsurile corecte;}{\fs17 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5
\loch \f5 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 ANALIZATORII m.g.}{\b1
cm Care sunt caile ce transmit informatiile senzitive ce provin de la segmentele
somatice ale corpului:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 tractul rubrospinal;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 sistemul lemniscal dorsal;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 tractul piramidal;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 tractul
reticulospinal;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 sistemul antero-lateral;}{\fs20
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Ce tipuri de senzatii nu se transmit prin sistemul
antero-lateral:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 durere;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 senzatii de vibratie;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [x] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 senzatii
de pozitie;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 senzatii termice;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 senzatii sexuale;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Ce tipuri de senzatii nu se transmit prin sistemul
lemniscal dorsal:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 senzatii de gidilit;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 senzatii vibratorii;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [x] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 senzatii
de durere;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 senzatii de pozitie;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 senzatii termice;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Alegeti trasaturile caracteristice pentru durerea
acuta (rapida):}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 e resimtita la 5 sec.dupa aplicarea
stimulului;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 e transmisa spre maduva prin fibre de tip C;}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 e transmisa spre maduva prin fibre de tipA
delta;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 apare in principal la stimularea receptorilor
de durere mecanica si termica;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [x] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 e
transmisa spre creier prin tractul neospinotalamic;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Alegeti trasaturile caracteristice pentru durerea
cronica (lenta):}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 e transmisa spre creier prin tractul
neospinotalamic;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 localizarea ei de catre SNC este foarte
slaba;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 e transmisa spre creier prin tractul
paleospinotalamic;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 se transmite spre maduva prin fibre
de tip A delta;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\langfenp1049 se transmite spre maduva prin fibre de tip C;}{\fs20 \lang1033
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Enumerati principalele tipuri de receptori de durere:}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 mecanici;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 electromagnetici;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [x] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 chimici;}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 termici;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Ce structuri a SNC nu participa in perceptia durerii:}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 formatiunea reticulara;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 talamusul;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 cortexul cerebral;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [x] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 nucleii
vestibulari;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
Capitol: }{\fs17 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 ANALIZATORII m.g.}{\b1 \fs17 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Principalele substante neuromediatoare a sistemului
de analgezie al creierului sint:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
bradikinina;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 enkefalina;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 histamina;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 beta-endorfina;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Sensibilitatea termica este asigurata de urmatoarele
tipuri de receptori:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 chimici;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 receptori pentru frig;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [x] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 receptori
pentru durere;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 receptori pentru cald;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 receptori mecanici;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Alegeti trasaturile caracteristice pentru receptorii
gustativi:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 sunt receptori secundari;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 provin din celule epiteliale;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 sunt receptori primari;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [x] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 contin
microvili;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Celulele olfactive se caracterizeaza prin:}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 sunt receptori secundari;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [x] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 provin
din SNC;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 sunt receptori primari;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 nu se adapteaza;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [x] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 contin
cili;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Alegeti caracteristicile substantelor care determina
mirosul:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 formeaza complexe cu proteinele de legare a
membranei celulei;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 provoaca hiperpolarizarea membranei
biologice;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 sunt substante volatile;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 sunt hidrosolubile;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 {\b1 \fs17 \dbch
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Imaginea unui obiect pe retina este:}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 virtuala;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 micsorata;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 inversata;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 reala;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Cind muschiul ciliar ocular este complect relaxat:}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 ligamentele capsulei cristalinului se
tensioneaza;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 ligamentele capsulei cristalinului se
relaxeaza;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 puterea de refractie a cristalinului creste;}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 puterea de refractie a cristalinului scade;}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cristalinul se aplatizeaza;}{\fs20
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 Punctajul: }{\fs17 \dbch
\af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 10}
{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Numiti erorile de
refractie ale ochiului:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 miopia;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 prezbiopia;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 glaucomul;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 hipermetropia;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 astigmatismul;}{\fs20 \lang1033
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Alegeti raspunsurile ce caracterizeaza miopia:}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 imaginea obiectului indepartat se focalizeaza
in fata retinei;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 globul ocular este mai scurt;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 poate fi corectata cu lentile concave;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 poate fi erectata cu lentile convexe;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 globul ocular este mai lung;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Alegeti raspunsurile ce caracterizeaza hipermetropia:}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 globul ocular este mai lung;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 globul ocular este mai scurt;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 poate fi corectata cu lentile
convexe;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 scade elasticitatea cristalinului;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 imaginea obiectului indepartat se localizeaza in spatele retinei;}
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Astigmatismul este determinat de:}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 alungirea globului ocular;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 cresterea presiunii intraoculare;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 forma alungita a corneei;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [x] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 forma
alungita a cristalinului;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 opacifierea cristalinului;}
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Lichidul intraocular cuprinde:}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 cristalinul;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [x] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 umoarea
apoasa;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 corneea;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 umoarea vitroasa;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 corpul
ciliar ;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\loch \f5 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 }{\b1
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 ANALIZATORII m.g.}{\b1 \fs17 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Glaucomul se caracterizeaza prin :}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 dereglari de perceptie gustativa;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 comprimarea nervului optic la esirea lui din globul ocular;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 afectarea cortexului vizual;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
intraoculara marita;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 dereglarea evacuarii umorii
apoase;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Enumerati segmentele functionale principale ale unui
con sau bastonas:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 segmentul extern;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 segmentul intermediar;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
intern;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 nucleul;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Care sunt produsii finali de scindare a rodopsinei:}
\langfenp1049 metarodopsina I;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
batorodopsina;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 scotopsina;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 trans retinal;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 metarodopsina II;}{\fs20
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Alegeti raspunsurile ce caracterizeaza potentialul
receptor al bastonaselor:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 reprezinta o depolarizare a
membranei bastonasului;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 este determinat de scaderea
conductantei pentru Na+ a membranei celulare;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 este determinat de cresterea conductantei pentru Na+ a membranei
celulare;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 reprezinta o hiperpolarizare a membranei
bastonasului;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 durata 1 - 1,5 sec;}{\fs20 \lang1033
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Manifestarile electrofiziologice ale somnului rapid
(paradoxal) sunt:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 predomina undele alfa;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 predomina undele delta;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [x] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 predomina
undele beta;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\loch \f5
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 are loc desincronizarea ritmului;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 are loc sincronizarea ritmului;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Notati principalele tipuri de celule ganglionare:}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 celuleW;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 celule Z;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 celule B;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 celule Y;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 celule X;}{\fs20 \lang1033
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Care sunt mecanismele de crestere a sensibilitatii
retiniene la intuneric(adaptare la intuneric):}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 activizarea pompei de sodiu din membrana bastonaselor;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 convertirea retinalului si opsinei in pigmenti fotosensibili;}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 convertirea vitaminei A in retinal;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 convertirea retinalului in vitamina A;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 dilatarea pupilei;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 {\b1 \fs17 \dbch \af5
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Care sunt mecanismele de reducere a
sensibilitatii retiniene la lumina (adaptare la lumina):}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 dilatarea pupilei;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
convertirea vitaminei A in retinal;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
convertirea retinalului in vitamina A;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
convertirea pigmentilor fotosensibili in retinal si opsina, si reducerea ca urmare
a cantitatii lor;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Care este rolul corpului geniculat lateral:}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 retransmite informatia de la tractul optic la cortexul vizual;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 retransmite informatia senzitiva de la receptorii auditivi la
cortexul auditiv;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 functia de filtrare a semnalelor ce
pleaca spre cortexul vizual;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 este centrul superior de perceptie
a durerii;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 retransmite informatia senzitiva de la
receptorii termici;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Care este rolul maculelor din aparatul vestibular:}
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 {\b1 \fs17 \dbch \af5 \hich
{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 detecteaza orientarea
capului fata de forta gravitationala;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
detecteaza orientarea capului fata de corp;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 detecteaza acceleratia lineara a corpului ;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 participa la mentinerea echilibrului static;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 determina perceperea senzatiei de incetinire a miscarii de rotatie;}
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Cind se stimuleaza receptorii maculei din aparatul
vestibular:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 la o rotatie brusca a capului;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 la modificarea pozitiei corpului fata de forta gravitationala;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 la o miscare liniara accelerata a corpului;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 la o modificare a directiei deplasarii liniare a corpului cu
mentinerea vitezei constante;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [x] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 la o
micsorare brusca a vitezei deplasarii liniare a corpului;}{\fs20 \lang1033
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Care este rolul receptorilor din canalele
semicirculare:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 detecteaza debutul si incetarea
miscarii de rotatie;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 participa la reglarea echilibrului
static;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 participa la mentinerea echilibrului in
cursul acceleratiei liniare;}{\fs20
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 participa la mentinerea echilibrului in
cursul acceleratiei unghiulare constante;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 preintimpina pierderea echilibrului in cazul schimbarii bruste a
directiei deplasarii corpului;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Numiti cele mai importante arii de asociere a
cortexului:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 aria parieto-occipito-temporala;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 aria prefrontala;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
auditiva secundara;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 aria somatica secundara;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 aria limbica;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Prin ce se caracterizeaza afazia Wernicke:}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 incapacitatea de a intelege cuvintele rostite;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 incapacitatea de a intelege cuvintele scrise;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 incapacitatea de a interpreta gandul exprimat de cuvintele rostite;}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 dementa totala;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1033
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [ ] incapacitatea de a interpreta
sensul cuvintelor scrise;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Care sunt principalele
unde electrice cerebrale in stare de veghe:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 gama;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 alfa;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 beta;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 delta;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Prin ce se caracterizeaza undele electrice cerebralae
alfa:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 frecventa 20-30 Hz;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 se inregistreaza in timpul somnului;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 ce inregistreaza in starea de veghe in repaus;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 frecventa 8-13 HZ;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 apar in
incordare nervoasa;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Prin ce se caracterizeaza undele electrice cerebrale
beta:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain
\langfenp1049 [x] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 frecventa
mai mare de 14Hz;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 frecventa mai mica de 14Hz;}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 apar in timpul stimularii sistemului nervos
central;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 apar in somnul paradoxal;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 apar in stare de veghe in repaus;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Caracterizati undele electrice cerebrale delta:}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 frecventa 8-13 HZ;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [x] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 frecventa
mai mica de 3Hz;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 apar in starea de veghe in repaus;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 apar in somnul foarte profund;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 apar in boli cerebrale grave;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Caracterizati undele electrice cerebrale teta:}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 frecventa 1-3 Hz;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 frecventa 4-7 Hz;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [x] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 voltajul
mai mare ca la undele alfa;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [x] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 apar in
stresul emotional si somnul ortodoxal;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 apar in
somnul paradoxal;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Numiti principalele trasaturi ale reflexului
conditionat:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 este innascut;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 este dobandit;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 se elaboreaza pe baza reflexului
neconditionat;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 poate fi elaborat la diferiti
stimuli;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 se elaboreaza fara participarea cortexului;}
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Numiti regulile de elaborare a reflexelor
conditionate:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 stimulul conditionat urmeaza dupa stimulul
neconditionat;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 importanta fiziologica a stimulului
conditionat e mai mica decat a celui neconditionat;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 starea de veghe a organismului;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 lipsa afectiunilor grave a scoartei;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Care din structurile descrise sunt
responsabile de aparitia motivatiilor si emotiilor:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 hipotalamusul;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 nucleul rosu;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [x] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 sistemul
limbic;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 formatiunea reticulara;}{\fs20 \lang1033
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm In ce conditii poate aparea procesul de desincronizare
a undelor electrice a cortexului:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [x] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 in timpul
stimularii sistemului nervos central ce se afla in stare de repaus;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 trecerea de la somnul ortodoxal la cel paradoxal;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 trecerea de la somnul paradoxal la cel ortodoxal;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 la trecerea sistemului nervos de la activitate psihica la stare de
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 in stare de narcoza;}{\fs20 \lang1033
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Ce numim memorie:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 a) }{\fs17 \dbch \af5 \hich
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 capacitatea creierului de a primi
informatia;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 capacitatea creierului de conservare a
informatiei;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 capacitatea creierului de recunoastere a
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 capacitatea creierului de evocare a
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Cind are loc procesul de sincronizare a ritmului EEC:}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 la excitarea SNC;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 la trecerea de la starea de veghe la starea de somn;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 la trecerea somnului paradoxal la cel ortodoxal;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 la trecerea de la activitate psihica la starea de relaxare psihica;}
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Care celule din retina transmit semnalele vizuale
electrotonic:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 conurile si bastonasele;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 celulele bipolare;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
orizontale;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 d) }{\fs17 \dbch \af5 \hich
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 celulele amacrine;}{\fs20 \lang1033
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Care segment al membranei bazilare vibreaza cu cea mai
mare amplitudine la sunetele cu o frecventa joasa:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 segmentul la baza cohleei;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 segmentul mediu;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
distal;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 membrana bazilara in intregime;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 segmentul mediu si la baza cohlei;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Care este rolul trompei lui Eustachio:}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 asigura vibratia perfecta a timpanului;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 egaleaza presiunea atmosferica pe cele doua fete ale timpanului;}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 micsoreaza gradul de vibratie al
timpanului;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 mareste gradul de vibratie al timpanului;}
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Receptorii auditivi se caracterizeaza:}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 sunt receptori cu sensibilitate primara;}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 sunt receptori cu sensibilitate secundara;}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 potentialul generator apare in celulele
senzitive;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 potentialul generator apare in
terminatiunile nervului auditiv;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Care va fi adaptarea sensibilitatii acustice la
diferite ambiante sonore:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 in microclimat lipsit de excitatii
sonore sensibilitatea se va reduce;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [x] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 in
microclimat lipsit de excitatii sonore sensibilitatea va creste, pragul de
excitatie va scadea;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 in conditii de zgomot
sensibilitatea se va reduce, pragul va creste;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 in conditii de zgomot sensibilitatea va creste;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 pragul de excitatie va ramine acelasi;}{\fs20 \lang1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs La ce temperatura excitarea termoreceptorilor incepe
sa provoace senzatia de durere:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \nowidctlpar
\langfenp1049 la temperatura la care tesuturile incep sa fie alterate de caldura;}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 peste 45 C;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 la 30 C;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 la 5 C;}{\fs20 \lang1033
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Care este puterea de acomodatie a cristalinului in
dependenta de virsta:}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 la copilul mic - 14 D;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 la virsta 45-50 ani - 10D;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 la virsta 45-50 ani - 2D;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
virsta de 70 ani - 0D;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 la virsta
de 70 ani - 5D;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Stimularea carui nerv si contractia carui muschi
asigura acomodatia cristalinului:}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049
n.simpatic si muschiul irisului;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
n.facial;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 n.oculomotor (fibrele parasimpatice);}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 d) }{\fs17 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 contractia muschiului ciliar;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 contractia muschiului;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Alegeti raspunsurile ce caracterizeaza mioza:}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 reflex fotomotor la excesul de lumina si la
vederea de aproape;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 dilatarea pupilei;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 ingustarea pupilei;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
contractia m.sfincter pupilar de catre n.parasimpatic;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 contractia m.radial al irisului de catre n.simpatic}{\fs17 \dbch
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Alegeti raspunsurile caracteristice midriazei:}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 marirea diametrului pupilei;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
micsorarea diametrului pupilei;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
contractia m.radial al irisului de catre n.simpatic si adrenalina.;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 contractia m.sfincter pupilar de catre n.parasimpatic;}{\b1 \fs20
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 [x] se produce la intuneric;}{\fs20
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\par }\pard \plain \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \lisa0 \nowidctlpar \lin0
{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm .Indicati localizarea
centrelor corticale:}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 girusul postcentral centrul
vizual;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 girusul postcentral centrul sensorial
somatic;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 girusul occipital centrul vizual;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 girusul frontal centrul auditiv;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 girusul temporal centrul auditiv;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Caracterizati regiunea foveala a retinei:}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 are un diametru de 0,4 mm;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 este compusa in intregime din conuri cu corpurile celulare foarte
subtiri cu diametrul 1,5 microni;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 vasele de
singe si celulele bipolare si ganglionare sunt deplasate intr-o parte , nu acopera
conurile;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 fiecare con face sinapsa cu celula bipolara;}
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Care din substantele enumerate sunt implicate in
producerea somnului rapid (paradoxal):}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049
serotonina;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 glicina;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 GABA;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 catecholaminele;}{\fs20
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Structurile nervoase responsabile de somnul paradoxal
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 formatia reticulara diencefalica;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 nucleul reticular pontin oral;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 nucleul reticular pontin caudal;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 nucleul tractului solitar;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Caracteristicile fiziologice ale somnului lent
(ortodoxal) sunt:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 predominarea proceselor anabolice;}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 scaderea tonusului muscular;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 scaderea tonusului simpatic;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 scaderea activitatii cardiace si
presiunii sangvine;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Manifestarile electrofiziologice ale somnului lent
(ortodoxal) sunt:}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 predomina undele beta;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 predomina undele alfa;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [x] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 predomina
undele delta;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 are loc sincronizarea ritmului;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 are loc desincronizarea ritmului;}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Caracteristicile fiziologice ale somnului rapid
(paradoxal) sunt:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 pragul de trezire este ridicat;}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 miscari rapide a globilor oculari;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 creste metabolismul total al creierului;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 predomina undele beta;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\loch \f5
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 1003).}{\b1 \fs17 \dbch \af5 \hich
\hich \af5 \loch \f5 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 ANALIZATORII
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Notati hormonii si mediatorii ce controleaza functiile
mentale:}{\fs20 \lang1049 \langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 dopamina;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 pancreozimina;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 serotonina;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 bombezina;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Endolimfa :}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 se afla in scala vestibulara;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 este localizata in scala timpanica;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 este secretata de stria vestibularis;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 este localizata in scala medie;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 are compozitie similara cu a lichidelor extracelulare;}{\fs20
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs In care din situatiile urmatoare o persoana nu mai
percepe culorile?}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 are pupila in mioza;}{\fs20
\lisa0 \nowidctlpar
\langfenp1049 are tulburari de acomodatie;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [x] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 are
leziuni retiniene in regiunea maculara (sovea centrala);}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 are pupila in midriaza;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 are
leziuni in retina periferica;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Surditatea de transmisie apare dupa:}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 lezarea nucleului cohlear;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 lezarea cortexului primar;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 traumatisme ale timpanului;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 intoxicatia cu monoxid de carbon;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 inflamatii ale urechii medii;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Functia primara a oscioarelor din urechea medie la om
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 amplificarea stimulilor sonori;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 filtrarea sunetelor cu frecventa inalta din stimulii sonori;}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 detectarea directiei sunetelor;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 diferentierea sunetelor cu frecvente diferite;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049
\langfenp1049 protejarea urechii de deteriorari;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Retinenul (retinolul) din structura pigmentilor
vizuali:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 este grupare neproteica;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 este o aldehida a vitaminei A, aceeasi pentru toti pigmentii
vizuali;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 exista sub doua forme izomere :cis si trans,
trecerea cis -trans se face sub actiunea energiei luminoase si trecerea trans-cis
are loc la intuneric;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 forma trans se combina usor cu
opsinele formind pigmentul caracteristic;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Triplul raspuns reflex in cazul acomodarii pentru
vederea de aproape consta in :}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
puterea de refractie a cristalinului;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 scade
puterea de refractie a cristalinului;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [x] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 mioza;}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 midriaza;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 convergenta axelor oculare;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch
\loch \f5 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 ANALIZATORII m.g.}{\b1
cm Daca o persoana se roteste incet spre dreapta:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 stereocilii celulelor receptoare vestibulare din canalul semicircular
orizontal se apropie de kinocil;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [x] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 atat
ochiul drept, cit si ochiul sting deviaza spre stinga;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 celulele receptoare vestibulare din canalul semicircular orizontal
sting se depolarizeaza;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 se poate observa componenta lenta
a nistagmusului, initiata de impulsuri vestibulare;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Daca o persoana emetropa devine prezbiopa:}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 acuitatea vizuala creste;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [x] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 punctul
proxim se indeparteaza;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 punctul remotum se apropie;}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 puterea totala de refractie creste;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 capacitatea de a vedea obiectele la distanta scade;}{\fs20
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Acomodarea vizuala pentru vederea de aproape implica
urmatoarele mecanisme:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\hich \af5 \loch \f5 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 secretia de noradrenalina, in fibrele nervoase simpatice;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 scaderea convergentei cristalinului de la 30 la 15 dioptrii;}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 convergenta axelor vizuale;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 contractia fibrelor musculare radiare ale irisului;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 contractia fibrelor musculare circulare ale irisului si ale muschilor
ciliari, sub control vegetativ parasimpatic (nervul III cranian);}{\fs20
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Urmatoarele afirmatii despre ochi sunt adevarate, cu
exceptia:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 punctul focal la ochiul hipermetrop este
inapoia retinei;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 punctul focal la ochiul miop (hipometrop)
este inaintea retinei;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 punctul focal la ochiul emetrop
este pe retina;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cu ajutorul lentilelor biconcave
divergente poate fi corectata miopia;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [x] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cu
ajutorul lentilelor biconvexe convergente poate fi corectata hipermetropia;}
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Cohleea:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 A.contine
mecanoreceptori, pentru detectarea vibratiilor sonore;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 contine rampa timpanica si rampa vestibulara, care contin perilimfa
bogata in ioni de K}{\fs13 \up10 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 +}
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 contine organul lui Corti situat pe membrana bazilara si
acoperit de membrana tectoria (Corti) acelulara;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 contine membrana bazilara, care vibreaza cu frecventa variabila, in
functie de miscarile cililor celulelor receptoare;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm .Fotoreceptorii:}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 contin pigmenti vizuali numiti rodopsina in celulele cu bastonase si
iodopsina i celulele cu conuri;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 fac
sinapsa direct cu celulele ganglionare din retina;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfenp1049 produc potentiale generatoare ca urmare a descompunerii pigmentilor,
ceea ce determina modificari ale conductantei ionice;}{\fs20 \lang1033
\langfenp1049 prezinta pigmenti cu aceeasi absorbanta pentru energia luminoasa;}
\langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 prezinta mecanisme comune de fotoreceptie,
amplitudinea potentialului generator este proportionala cu logaritmul intensitatii
luminoase;}{\fs20 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
?toarele afirma\uc1 \u355 ?ii sunt incorecte? Fovea centralis este suprafa\uc1
\u355 ?a retinei unde:}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
concentra\uc1 \u355 ?ia celulelor cu conuri este maxim\uc1 \u259 ?;}{\fs20
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 acuitatea vizual\uc1 \u259 ?
este maxim\uc1 \u259 ?;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par
lipsesc celule cu bastona\uc1 \u351 ?e;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 sensibilitatea la lumin\uc1 \u259 ? este mai mare
fa\uc1 \u355 ?\uc1 \u259 ? de alte arii din retin\uc1 \u259 ?;}{\fs20 \lang1048
\af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 nervul
optic p\uc1 \u259 ?r\uc1 \u259 ?se\uc1 \u351 ?te globul ocular \uc1 \u351 ?i
arterele globului ocular intr\uc1 \u259 ?;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
?toarele enun\uc1 \u355 ?uri sunt incorecte?}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 punctul proxim reprezint\uc1
\u259 ? punctul cel mai apropiat de ochi, la care un obiect poate fi v\uc1 \u259 ?
zut clar, cu efort acomodativ maxim;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 punctul remotum reprezint\uc1 \u259 ? punctul cel mai
apropiat de ochi, la care un obiect poate fi v\uc1 \u259 ?zut clar, f\uc1 \u259 ?
r\uc1 \u259 ? efort acomodativ; }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 puterea de acomodare cre\uc1 \u351 ?te cu v\uc1 \u226 ?
rsta datorit\uc1 \u259 ? sc\uc1 \u259 ?derii elasticit\uc1 \u259 ?\uc1 \u355 ?ii
cristalinului;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
hemeralopia apare \uc1 \u238 ?n avitaminoza A, c\uc1 \u226 ?nd este
compromis\uc1 \u259 ? adaptarea la \uc1 \u238 ?ntun}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 eric;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 vederea diurn\uc1 \u259 ? colorat\uc1 \u259 ?, la
lumin\uc1 \u259 ? puternic\uc1 \u259 ? este asigurat\uc1 \u259 ? de celulele cu
conuri;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Dac\uc1 \u259 ? lumina
p\uc1 \u259 ?trunde \uc1 \u238 ?ntr-un ochi:}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 pupila ipsi- \uc1 \u351 ?i
contralateral\uc1 \u259 ? se mic\uc1 \u351 ?oreaz\uc1 \u259 ?;}{\fs20 \lang1048
\langfenp1049 este stimulat reflexul ipsilateral pupilodilatator simpatic;}
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 este stimulat reflexul contralateral
pupiloconstrictor parasimpatic;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 au loc modific\uc1 \u259 ?ri pupilare, dac\uc1 \u259 ?
nervul II cranian este sec\uc1 \u355 ?ionat bilateral;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 e) }{\fs17
\langfenp1049 nici un r\uc1 \u259 ?spuns corect;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
?toarele afirma\uc1 \u355 ?ii sunt incorecte?}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 mioza este produs\uc1 \u259 ?
de substan\uc1 \u355 ?e ca morfina;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 midriaza este produs\uc1 \u259 ? de substan\uc1 \u355 ?e
parasimpaticolitice ca \uc1 \u351 ?i atropina;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 midriaza este produs\uc1
\u259 ? prin ischemie cerebral\uc1 \u259 ?;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 mioza este produs\uc1 \u259 ?
la privirea obiectelor apropiate;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 mioza este produs\uc1 \u259 ? de anxie}{\fs20
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 tate;}{\fs20 \lang1048
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Transec\uc1 \u355 ?
iunea pe calea optic\uc1 \u259 ? produce:}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 pierderea vederii numai \uc1
\u238 ?n c\uc1 \u226 ?mpurile temporale la ambii ochi, dac\uc1 \u259 ? sec\uc1
\u355 ?iunea este total\uc1 \u259 ? in regiunea chiasmei optice;}{\fs20
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 pierderea vederii \uc1 \u238 ?n
c\uc1 \u226 ?mpurile nazal \uc1 \u351 ?i temporal a unui singur ochi, dac\uc1 \u259
? sec\uc1 \u355 ?iunea s-a efectuat la nivelul nervului optic respectiv;}{\fs20
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 pierderea vederii \uc1 \u238 ?n
c\uc1 \u226 ?mpul nazal al ochiului contralateral \uc1 \u351 ?i \uc1 \u238 ?n c\uc1
\u226 ?mpul temporal al ochiului ipsilateral, dac\uc1 \u259 ? este sec\uc1 \u355 ?
ionat tractul optic;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
pierderea vederii \uc1 \u238 ?n c\uc1 \u226 ?mpurile temporal ipsilateral \uc1
\u351 ?i temporal contralateral, dac\uc1 \u259 ? s-a efectuat transec\uc1 \u355 ?
iunea total\uc1 \u259 ? a nervului optic;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\f7 \lang1048
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 nici un r\uc1 \u259 ?spuns corect;}{\fs20
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Impulsurile prin nervul auditiv (cohlear):}{\fs20
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 sunt ini\uc1 \u355 ?iate prin
stimularea celulelor receptoare din organul Cori;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langfenp1049 sunt transmise spre nucleii cohleari;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 rezult\uc1 \u259 ? din
stimularea neuronilor din corpul geniculat metatalamic;}{\fs20 \lang1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 rezult\uc1 \u259 ? din
stimularea ariei auditive din lobul occipital;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langfenp1049 toate raspunsurile corecte;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
?toarele senza\uc1 \u355 ?ii sunt produse de neuroni care nu au releu talamic
\uc1 \u351 ?i nu proiecteaz\uc1 \u259 ? \uc1 \u238 ?n neocortex?}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 tactil;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
accelera\uc1 \u355 ?ie;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 gust;}{\fs20 \lang1048
\langfenp1049 miros;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 proprioceptive;}{\fs20 \lang1048
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\par }\pard
\loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Acuitatea
vizual\uc1 \u259 ? normal\uc1 \u259 ? a ochiului uman:}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langfenp1049 este capacitatea de a discrimina 2 puncte luminoase la o diostanta
minimala intre ele;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 are valoarea de 45 secunde de arc;}
\af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 este maxim\uc1 \u259
? la nivelul foveei centrale;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 se reduce de 5-10 ori \uc1 \u238 ?n afara ariei
foveale, \uc1 \u351 ?i devine tot mai slab\uc1 \u259 ? la periferia retinei;}{\fs20
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Umoarea apoas\uc1
\u259 ?:}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 este permanent format la nivelul proceselor
ciliare (2-3 ml umoare/min);}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
este permanent reabsorbit\uc1 \u259 ? prin canalul Schlemm, care dreneaz\uc1
\u259 ? \uc1 \u238 ?n final \uc1 \u238 ?n venele extraoculare;}{\fs20 \lang1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 circul\uc1 \u259 ? liber
printre ligamentele cristalinului, prin pupil\uc1 \u259 ? \uc1 \u351 ?i ajunge \uc1
\u238 ?n camera anterioar\uc1 \u259 ? a ochiului;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 contribuie la reglarea
volumului \uc1 \u351 ?i presiunii totale a lichidului intraocular cu limite \uc1
\u238 ?ntre 12-20 mm Hg;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
toate r\uc1 \u259 ?spunsurile sunt corecte;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 Punctajul: }{\fs17
10}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 cm Ce particularit\uc1 \u259 ?\uc1 \u355 ?i prezint\uc1 \u259 ?
poten\uc1 \u355 ?ialul receptor, produs prin excitarea bastona\uc1 \u351 ?elor?}
\af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 este un poten\uc1
\u355 ?ial de depolarizare;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 este un poten\uc1 \u355 ?ial de hiperpolarizare, produs
prin cre\uc1 \u351 ?terea negativit\uc1 \u259 ?\uc1 \u355 ?ii interioare a
\hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 descompunerea
rodopsinei scade conductan\uc1 \u355 ?a pentru Na}{\fs13 \up10 \lang1048
\langfenp1049 , la nivelul membran}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 ei segmentare externe, datorit\uc1 \u259 ?
unei cascade de excita\uc1 \u355 ?ie;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 dureaz\uc1 \u259 ? ceva mai mult de o secund\uc1
\u259 ? \uc1 \u351 ?i este propor\uc1 \u355 ?ional cu logaritmul intensit\uc1 \u259
?\uc1 \u355 ?ii luminoase;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
raspuns corect;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Celulele ganglionare
din retin\uc1 \u259 ?:}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 au
axoni lungi, care formeaz\uc1 \u259 ? nervul optic, chiasma optic\uc1 \u259 ?
\uc1 \u351 ?i tractusul optic;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 transmit semnal sub form\uc1 \u259 ? de poten\uc1 \u355 ?
iale de ac\uc1 \u355 ?iune continue, spontan}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 e;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
semnalele vizuale se suprapun pe fondul poten\uc1 \u355 ?ialului de ac\uc1 \u355 ?
iune;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain
\af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 prezint\uc1 \u259 ?
un r\uc1 \u259 ?spuns "on-off" \uc1 \u238 ?n func\uc1 \u355 ?ie de modific\uc1
\u259 ?rile intensit\uc1 \u259 ?\uc1 \u355 ?ii luminoase;}{\fs20 \lang1048
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\lang1033
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs \uc1 \u1054 ?n transmiterea sunetului spre fereastra
oval}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 \uc1 \u259 ? nu intervine:}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 membrana timpanic\uc1 \u259 ?;}
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 sistemul osicular;}{\fs20 \lang1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 mu\uc1 \u351 ?chii sc\uc1 \u259
?ri\uc1 \u355 ?ei \uc1 \u351 ?i tensor al timpanului;}{\fs20 \lang1048
\langfenp1049 reflexul de atenuare;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [x] }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cohleea;}
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Mugurii gustativi:}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 prezint\uc1 \u259 ?
specificitate pentru tipurile de stimuli gustativi;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 reprezint\uc1 \u259 ? rec}
{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 eptorii gustativi;}{\fs20
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 sunt foarte sensibili \uc1
\u351 ?i la stimuli de contact, temperatur\uc1 \u259 ?, durere;}{\fs20 \lang1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 prezint\uc1 \u259 ? o mare
adaptabilitate;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Corpusculii Pacini sunt:}{\fs20 \lang1048
\langfenp1049 termoreceptori;}{\b1 \fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
algoreceptori;}{\fs20
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 mecanoreceptori;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 receptori cu adaptare rapid\uc1
\hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 receptori cu
adaptare lent\uc1 \u259 ?;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
?toarele senza\uc1 \u355 ?ii nu sunt ini\uc1 \u355 ?iate de la nivelul
termina\uc1 \u355 ?iilor nervoase libere?}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langfenp1049 senzatii tactile;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 senzatii
de durere;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 senza\uc1
\u355 ?ii termice;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
senza\uc1 \u355 ?ia de g}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\uc1 \u1074 ?dilat;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 senzatia de gust;}{\fs20
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Preciza\uc1 \u355 ?i
asocierile incorecte de mai jos, referitoare la receptori:}{\fs20 \lang1048
\langfenp1049 celule ciliate - organ Corti;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langfenp1049 celule ciliate - epiteliu olfactiv;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langfenp1049 celule ciliate - epiteliu gustativ;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 presoreceptori - sinus
carotidian \uc1 \u351 ?i aortic;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 chemoreceptori - corpuscul carotidian \uc1
\u351 ?i aortic;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Acomodarea
vizual\uc1 \u259 ? implic\uc1 \u259 ?:}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cre\uc1 \u351 ?terea tensiunii \uc1 \u238 ?n ligamentul
suspensor al cristalinului,}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 relaxarea mu\uc1 \u351 ?chiului circular al irisului;}
\af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 contrac\uc1 \u355 ?
ia mu\uc1 \u351 ?chiului ciliar;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 sc\uc1 \u259 ?derea curburii cristalinului;}{\fs20
intraoculare;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Vitamina A este un precursor pentru sinteza:}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 retinenului 1;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 scotopsinei;}{\fs20 \lang1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 pigmen\uc1 \u355 ?ilor
irisului;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 melatoninei; }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langfenp1049 colesterolului;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cm Fovea centralis este:}{\fs20 \lang1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 zona cu acuitate vizual\uc1
\u259 ? maxim\uc1 \u259 ?;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 zona cea mai bogat\uc1 \u259 ? \uc1 \u238 ?n celule cu
bastona\uc1 \u351 ?e;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
zona \uc1 \u238 ?n care se g\uc1 \u259 ?sesc numai celule cu conuri;}{\fs20
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 zona cu pragul de sensibilitate
luminoas\uc1 \u259 ? cel mai sc\uc1 \u259 ?zut;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langfenp1049 depresiunea ce}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 ntral\uc1 \u259 ?, cu suprafa\uc1 \u355 ?a de
1,5 mm}{\fs13 \up10 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 2}{\fs20
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 de la nivelul maculei lutea (petei
galbene);}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Intensitatea sunetelor
se m\uc1 \u259 ?soar\uc1 \u259 ?:}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\u1086 ?n daltoni;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \uc1 \u1086 ?n volti;}{\fs20
\langfenp1049 \uc1 \u1086 ?n pascali;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [x] }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \uc1
\u1086 ?n decibeli;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \uc1 \u1086 ?n amperi;}{\fs20
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\lang1033
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Care din urm\uc1 \u259 ?toarele
afirma\uc1 \u355 ?ii este incorect\uc1 \u259 ??}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7
\af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 sunetul este produs
de vibra\uc1 \u355 ?ii ale aerului, care formeaz\uc1 \u259 ? unde sonore;}{\fs20
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 intensitatea undei sonore este
determinat\uc1 \u259 ? de frecven\uc1 \u355 ?e;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 timbrul undei sonore este
determinat de vibra\uc1 \u355 ?iile armonice supraad\uc1 \u259 ?ugate;}{\fs20
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 sc\uc1 \u259 ?ri\uc1 \u355 ?a
se sprijin\uc1 \u259 ? cu talpa pe fereastra oval\uc1 \u259 ?;}{\fs20 \lang1048
\langfenp1049 calea auditiva nu trece prin talamus;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Referitor la urechea
medie, toate afirmatiile care urmeaz\uc1 \u259 ? sunt corecte cu excep\uc1 \u355 ?
ia:}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 presiunea aerului \uc1 \u1086 ?n urechea
medie este }{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \uc1 \u238 ?n mod normal egal\uc1 \u259 ? cu cea
atmosferic\uc1 \u259 ?;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par
vibra\uc1 \u355 ?ia membranei timpanice la sunete este transmis\uc1 \u259 ?
perilimfei vestibulare de c\uc1 \u259 ?tre lan\uc1 \u355 ?ul de oscioare;}{\fs20
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 membrana timpanic\uc1 \u259 ?
"protejeaz\uc1 \u259 ?" fereastra rotund\uc1 \u259 ? prin prelucrarea \uc1 \u238 ?n
faze a undelor sonore;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
sc\uc1 \u259 ?ri\uc1 \u355 ?a transmite energia mecanic\uc1 \u259 ? direct la
membrana bazilar\uc1 \u259 ? a cohleei;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 mu\uc1 \u351 ?chii urechii mediii se contract\uc1 \u259 ?
ca r\uc1 \u259 ?spuns reflex la sunetele puternice;}{\fs20 \dbch \af7 \hich \af7
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 Punctajul: }{\fs17 \dbch
\af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 10}
\langfenp1049 cs Toate afirmatiile care urmeaz\uc1 \u259 ? sunt corecte \uc1
\u238 ?n privin\uc1 \u355 ?a canalelor semicirculare ale labirintului membranos, cu
excep\uc1 \u355 ?ia:}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
sunt sensibile la accelera\uc1 \u355 ?ia angular\uc1 \u259 ?;}{\fs20 \lang1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 sunt trei canale \uc1 \u238 ?n
fiecare ureche intern\uc1 \u259 ?;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 con\uc1 \u355 ?in lichid cu o concentra\uc1 \u355 ?ie
mare de ioni K}{\fs13 \up10 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 +}
\langfenp1049 fiecare este legat cu lumenul utriculei;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 fiecare se afl\uc1 \u259 ? \uc1
\u238 ?ntr-un plan care se aliniaz\uc1 \u259 ? exact cu axa cardinal\uc1 \u259 ?
vertical\uc1 \u259 ? \uc1 \u351 ?i orizontal\uc1 \u259 ?) a capului;}{\fs20
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Celulele ciliate cohleare:}{\fs20 \lang1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 sunt de dou\uc1 \u259 ? tipuri,
la fel ca celulele ciliate vestibulare;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 se }
\langfenp1049 afl\uc1 \u259 ? \uc1 \u238 ?n perilimf\uc1 \u259 ?;}{\fs20
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 produc un poten\uc1 \u355 ?ial
de ac\uc1 \u355 ?iune;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 nu au kinocil;}{\fs20 \lang1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 formeaz\uc1 \u259 ? leg\uc1
\u259 ?turi sinaptice numai cu fibrele eferente;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Un nucleu din bulb,
care prime\uc1 \u351 ?te fibre aferente primare de la cohlee este:}{\fs20 \lang1048
\langfenp1049 [x] }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 nucleul
cohlear dorsal;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 ganglionul spiral;}{\fs20 \lang1048
\langfenp1049 corpul trapezoidal;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 coliculul
cvadrigemen inferior;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 corpul restiform;}{\fs20
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Celulele receptoare senzoriale cohleare:}{\fs20
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 sunt celule cilindrice \uc1
\u238 ?nalte, asem\uc1 \u259 ?n\uc1 \u259 ?toare cu celulele ciliate vestibulare de
tipul II;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 nu au kinocil;}{\fs20 \lang1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 au stereocili prin\uc1 \u351 ?i
\uc1 \u238 ?n membrana tectoria;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 sunt sc\uc1 \u259 ?lda\uc1 \u355 ?i de endolimf\uc1
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 s \uc1 \u206 ?n concordan\uc1 \u355 ?\uc1
\u259 ? cu teoria localiz\uc1 \u259 ?rii, tonurile de \uc1 \u238 ?nalt\uc1 \u259 ?
frecven\uc1 \u355 ?\uc1 \u259 ?:}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 stimuleaz\uc1 \u259 ? selectiv numai celulele ciliate
externe;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\hich \af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 fac ca
membrana bazilar\uc1 \u259 ? s\uc1 \u259 ? vibreze uniform, ca un microfon;}
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 stimuleaz\uc1 \u259 ? c\uc1 \u226 ?\uc1 \u355
?iva neuroni din nucleul cohlear \uc1 \u351 ?i }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cea mai mare parte a neuronilor din coliculul cvadrigemen
inferior;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain
\af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 produc deplasarea
maxim\uc1 \u259 ? a membranei bazilare la baza cohleei;}{\fs20 \lang1048
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
?toarele structuri nu apar\uc1 \u355 ?ine de cohlee?}{\fs20 \lang1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 rampa vestibular\uc1 \u259 ?;}
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 rampa medie;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 rampa timpanic\uc1 \u259 ?;}
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 utricula;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 membrana bazilar\uc1 \u259 ?;}
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Vibra\uc1 \u355 ?ia
ferestrei ovale este transmis\uc1 \u259 ? la celulele receptoare ciliate:}{\fs20
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 prin perilimf\uc1 \u259 ? din
scara vestibular\uc1 \u259 ?;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 prin lamina spiralat\uc1 \u259 ?;}{\fs20 \lang1048
\langfenp1049 prin nervul cohlear;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 prin endolimf\uc1 \u259 ? din ramapa timpanic\uc1
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 e) }{\fs17 \dbch \af5 \hich
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 prin organul lui Corti;}{\fs20
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Ce ion se g\uc1
\u259 ?se\uc1 \u351 ?te \uc1 \u238 ?n concentra\uc1 \u355 ?ii mai ridicate \uc1
\u238 ?n perilimf\uc1 \u259 ?}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfenp1049 , comparativ cu endolimfa?}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langfenp1049 K}{\fs13 \up10 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 +}
{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 ;}{\fs13 \up10 \lang1048
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 Cl}{\fs13
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 Ca}{\fs13
\up10 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 2+}{\fs20 \lang1048
\langfenp1049 [ ] }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 nici
unul;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard \plain
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Poten\uc1 \u355 ?ialul
microfonic este produs }{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 de:}
\af7 \loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 stimularea
electric\uc1 \u259 ? a celulelor ciliate;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 stimularea chimic\uc1 \u259 ? a
celuleleor ciliate;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
stimularea mecanic\uc1 \u259 ? a celuleleor ciliate; }{\fs20 \lang1048
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 stimularea nervoas\uc1 \u259 ?
a celuleleor ciliate;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\par }\pard
\langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 {\fs17 \dbch \af5 \hich \af5 \loch \f5
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 }{\b1 \fs17 \dbch \af5 \hich
\loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Canalele semicirculare
sunt esen\uc1 \u355 ?iale \uc1 \u238 ?n:}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langfenp1049 detectarea accelaratiei angulare;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langfenp1049 detectarea sunetelor;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
\langfe1049 \langfenp1049 men\uc1 \u355 ?inerea refelxelor auditive;}{\fs20
\f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 fixarea obiectelor \uc1 \u238 ?
n spa\uc1 \u355 ?iu;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\loch \f7 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cs Surditatea
unilateral\uc1 \u259 ? este produs\uc1 \u259 ? prin distrugerea unilateral\uc1
\u259 ? a:}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }\pard
\langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 cortexului auditiv;}{\fs20 \lang1048
\langfenp1049 nucleului geniculat medial;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048
\langfenp1049 nucleilor cohleari;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049
lemniscului lateral;}{\fs20 \lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049
\lang1048 \langnp1048 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 coliculului cvadrigemen inferior;}
---------------------------------------------------------------------}{\b1 \fs17
\loch \f5 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 }{\fs24 \lang1049
\langnp1049 \langfe1049 \langfenp1049 \par }}

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