Chapter 10 - Straight Lines NCERT Exemplar - Class 11

EXERCISE
SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
Q1. Find the equation of the straight line which passes through
the point (1, – 2) and cuts off equal intercepts from axes.
Sol. Intercept form of straight line
x y
 = 1, where a and b are the intercepts on the axis
a b
Given that a = b
x y
\  = 1 ...(i)
a a
If eq. (i) passes through the point (1, – 2), we get
1 2
 = 1   1 = 1   a = – 1
a a a
So, equation of the straight line is
x y
 = 1  x + y = – 1   x + y + 1 = 0
1 1
Hence, the required equation is x + y + 1 = 0.
Q2. Find the equation of the line passing through the point (5, 2)
and perpendicular to the line joining the points (2, 3) and
(3, – 1).
Sol. Slope of the line joining the points (2, 3) and (3, – 1) is
13
= – 4
32
Slope of the required line which is perpendicular to it
1 1
= = [ m1m2 = – 1]
4 4
Equation of the line passing through the point (5, 2) is
1
y – 2 = ( x  5) [y – y1 = m(x – x1)]
4
 4y – 8 = x – 5
 x – 4y + 3 = 0
Hence, the required equation is x – 4y + 3 = 0.

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 Chapter 10 - Straight Lines NCERT Exemplar - Class 11

Q3. Find the angle between the lines y = (2  3)( x  5) and

y =  (2  3)( x  7) .
Sol. The given equations are y = (2  3)( x  5) ...(i)
and y = (2  3)( x  7) ...(ii)
Slope of eq. (i) m1 (say) = (2  3)
and slope of eq. (ii) m2 (say) = (2  3)
Let q be the angle between the two given lines
m  m2 2 32 3
\ tan q = 1 =
1  m1 m2 1  (2  3)(2  3)

2 3 2 3
= = =  3
14 3 2
 tan q = 3 or   3
\ q = 60° or 120°
Hence, the required angle is 60° or 120°.
Q4. Find the equation of the lines which passes through the point
(3, 4) and cuts off intercepts from the coordinate axes such
that their sum is 14.
Sol. Equation of line having a and b intercepts on the axis is
x y
 = 1 ...(i)
a b
Given that a + b = 14   b = 14 – a
x y
  = 1 ...(ii)
a 14  a
If eq. (ii) passes through the point (3, 4) then
3 4
 = 1
a 14  a
3(14  a)  4 a
 = 1
a(14  a)
 42 + a = 14a – a2
2
 a + a – 14a + 42 = 0
 a2 – 13a + 42 = 0
2
 a – 7a – 6a + 42 = 0
 a(a – 7) – 6(a – 7) = 0
 (a – 6)(a – 7) = 0
 a = 6, 7
\ b = 14 – 6 = 8, b = 14 – 7 = 7
Hence, the required equation of lines are

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 Chapter 10 - Straight Lines NCERT Exemplar - Class 11

x y
 = 1   4x + 3y = 24
6 8
x y
and  = 1   x + y = 7
7 7
Q5. Find the points on the line x + y = 4 which lie at a unit distance
from the line 4x + 3y = 10.
Sol. Let (x1, y1) be any point lying in the equation x + y = 4
\ x1 + y1 = 4 ...(i)
Distance of the point (x1, y1) from the equation 4x + 3y = 10
4 x1  3 y1  10
= 1
(4)2  (3)2
4 x1  3 y1  10
= 1
5
4x1 + 3y1 – 10 = ± 5
Taking (+) sign 4x1 + 3y1 – 10 = 5
 4x1 + 3y1 = 15 ...(ii)
From eq. (i) we get y1 = 4 – x1
Putting the value of y1 in eq. (ii) we get
4x1 + 3(4 – x1) = 15
 4x1 + 12 – 3x1 = 15
 x1 + 12 = 15
 x1 = 3 and y1 = 4 – 3 = 1
So, the required point is (3, 1)
Now taking (–) sign, we have
4x1 + 3y1 – 10 = – 5
 4x1 + 3y1 = 5 ...(iii)
From eq. (i) we get y1 = 4 – x1
 4x1 + 3(4 – x1) = 5
 4x1 + 12 – 3x1 = 5
 x1 = 5 – 12 = – 7
and y1 = 4 – (– 7) = 11
So, the required point is (– 7, 11)
Hence, the required points on the given line are (3, 1) and
(–7, 11).
x y
Q6. Show that the tangent of an angle between the lines  = 1
x y 2 ab a b
and  = 1 is 2 2
.
a b a b

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 Chapter 10 - Straight Lines NCERT Exemplar - Class 11

x y
Sol. Given that:  = 1 ...(i)
a b
x y
and  = 1 ...(ii)
a b
b
Slope of eq. (i) m1 (say) = 
a
b
and slope of eq. (ii) m2 (say) =
a
Let q be the angle between the equation (i) and (ii)
b b
m1  m2  
\ tan q = = a a
1  m1 m2  b  b
1 
 a  a

2b
  2ab
a
 tan q = 2 =
b a2  b2
1 2
a
2ab
 tan q = 2 . Hence proved.
a  b2
Q7. Find the equation of lines passing through (1, 2) and making
angle 30° with y-axis.
Sol. Given that the line makes angle 30° with y-axis
\ Angle made by the line with x-axis is 60°
\ Slope of the line
m = tan 60°
 m = 3
So, the equation of the line
passing through the point
(1, 2) and slope 3 is
y – y1 = m(x – x1)
 y – 2 = 3( x  1)
 y – 2 = 3 x  3
 y  3 x  3  2 = 0
Hence, the required equation of line is y  3 x  3  2 = 0.
Q8. Find the equation of the line passing through the point of
intersection of 2x + y = 5 and x + 3y + 8 = 0 and parallel to the
line 3x + 4y = 7.

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 Chapter 10 - Straight Lines NCERT Exemplar - Class 11
Sol. Given that: 2x + y = 5 ...(i)
x + 3y + 8 = 0 ...(ii)
3x + 4y = 7 ...(iii)
Equation of any line passing through the point of intersection
of eq. (i) and eq. (ii) is
(2x + y – 5) + l(x + 3y + 8) = 0 ...(iv) (l = constant)
 2x + y – 5 + lx + 3ly + 8l = 0
 (2 + l)x + (1 + 3l)y – 5 + 8l = 0
 (2  l )   a
Slope of line m1 (say) = m =
1  3l  b 
Now slope of line 3x + 4y = 7 is
3
m2 (say) = 
4
If eq. (iii) is parallel to eq. (iv) then
m1 = m2
 (2  l ) 3
 = 
1  3l 4
2l 3
 =   8 + 4l = 3 + 9l
1  3l 4
 9l – 4l = 5   5l = 5  l = 1
On putting the value of l in eq. (iv) we get
(2x + y – 5) + 1(x + 3y + 8) = 0
 2x + y – 5 + x + 3y + 8 = 0
 3x + 4y + 3 = 0
Hence, the required equation is 3x + 4y + 3 = 0.
Q9. For what value of a and b the intercepts cut off on the
coordinate axes by the line ax + by + 8 = 0 are equal in length
but opposite in signs to those cut off by the line 2x – 3y + 6 = 0
on the axes?
Sol. The given equation are ax + by + 8 = 0 ...(i)
and 2x – 3y + 6 = 0 ...(ii)
From eq. (i) we get,
ax + by + 8 = 0  ax + by = – 8
a b
 x y = 1
8 8
x y
  = 1
8 8
a b
8 8
So, the intercepts on the axes are and
a b

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 Chapter 10 - Straight Lines NCERT Exemplar - Class 11
From eq. (ii), we get
2x – 3y + 6 = 0  2x – 3y = – 6
2x 3y
  = 1
6 6
x y
  = 1
3 2
So, the intercepts are – 3 and 2.
According to the question
8 8
= + 3  a = 
a 3
8
and = – 2  b = + 4
b
8
Hence, the required values of a and b are and 4.
3
Q10. If the intercept of a line between the coordinate axes is divided
by the point (– 5, 4) in the ratio 1 : 2, then find the equation of
the line.
Sol. Let a and b be the intercepts on the given line.
\ Coordinates of A and B are (a, 0) and (0, b) respectively
1 0  2  a
\ – 5 =
12
 m1 x2  m2 x1 
 2a = – 15  X = m  m 
 1 2 
 15
 a =  m1 y2  m2 y1 
2  and Y = 
 m1  m2 
  15 
\ A =  , 0
2 
1 b  0  2
and 4 =
12
b
 4 =   b = 12
3
\ B = (0, 12)
So, the equation of line AB is
y  y1
y – y1 = 2 ( x  x1 )
x2  x1

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 Chapter 10 - Straight Lines NCERT Exemplar - Class 11

 12  0   15 
y – 0 =  x
15   2
 0  
2
12  2  15 
 y = x
15  2
8 15 
 x
y =
5 2
 5y = 8x + 60
 8x – 5y + 60 = 0
Hence, the required equation is 8x – 5y + 60 = 0.
Q11. Find the equation of a straight line on which length of
perpendicular from the origin is four units and the line makes
an angle of 120° with the positive direction of X-axis.
Sol. Given that:
OM = 4 units
BAX = 120°
\ BAO = 180° – 120° or MAO = 60°
MOA + MAO = 90° [ OM  AB]
q + 60° = 90°
\ q = 30°
So, equation of AB in its
normal form
x cos q + y sin q = p
 x cos 30° + y sin 30° = 4
3 1
 x  y  = 4
2 2
 3x  y = 8
Hence, the required equation is 3 x  y = 8.
Q12. Find the equation of one of the sides of an isosceles right
angled triangle whose hypotenuse is given by 3x + 4y = 4 and
the opposite vertex of the hypotenuse is (2, 2).
Sol. Given that equation of the hypotenuse is 3x + 4y = 4 and
opposite vertex is (2, 2)
3
Slope BC =
4
Let slope of AC be m
3
m
4
\ tan 45° =
  3
1 m
 4 

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 Chapter 10 - Straight Lines NCERT Exemplar - Class 11

4m  3
 1 =
4  3m
4m  3
 = ± 1
4  3m
4m  3
Taking (+) sign, = 1
4  3m
 4m + 3 = 4 – 3m
 7m = 1
1
 m =
7
4m  3
Taking (–) sign, = – 1
4  3m
 4m + 3 = – 4 + 3m
 4m – 3m = – 3 – 4   m = – 7
 1
\ Equation of AC with slope is
7
1
y – 2 = ( x  2)
7
 7y – 14 = x – 2
 x – 7y + 12 = 0
Equation of AC with slope (– 7) is
y – 2 = – 7(x – 2)
 y – 2 = – 7x + 14
 7x + y – 16 = 0
Hence, the required equation are x – 7y + 12 = 0
and 7x + y – 16 = 0.

LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

Q13. If the equation of the base of an equilateral triangle is x + y = 2
and the vertex is (2, – 1), then find the length of the side of the
triangle.
Sol. Equation of the base AB of a DABC is x + y = 2
In DABD,
AD
sin 60° =
AB
3 AD 3
 =   AD = AB
2 AB 2

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 Chapter 10 - Straight Lines NCERT Exemplar - Class 11
Length of perpendicular from A(2, – 1)
to the line x + y = 2 is
1 2 1 1 2
AD =
(1)2  (1)2

3 212 1
 AB = =
2 2 2
3 1
 AB =
2 2
2
 AB =
3
2
Hence, the required length of side = .
3
Q14. A variable line passes through a fixed point P. The algebraic
sum of the perpendiculars drawn from the points (2, 0), (0, 2)
and (1, 1) on the line is zero. Find the coordinates of the
point P.
Sol. Let (x1, y1) be the coordinates of the given point P and m be the
slope of the line.
\ Equation of the line is y – y1 = m(x – x1) ...(i)
Given points are A(2, 0), B(0, 2) and C(1, 1).
Perpendicular distance from A(2, 0) to the line (i) d1 (say)
0  y1  m(2  x1 )
d1 =
1  m2
Perpendicular distance from B(0, 2) d2 (say)
2  y1  m(0  x1 )
d2 =
1  m2
Similarly, perpendicular distance from C(1, 1) d3 (say)
1  y1  m(1  x1 )
d3 =
1  m2
According to the question, we have
d1 + d2 + d3 = 0
0  y1  m(2  x1 ) 2  y1  m(0  x1 ) 1  y1  m(1  x1 )
\   = 0
2 2
1m 1m 1  m2

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 Chapter 10 - Straight Lines NCERT Exemplar - Class 11
 – y1 – 2m + mx1 + 2 – y1 + mx1 + 1 – y1 – m + mx1 = 0
 3mx1 – 3y1 – 3m + 3 = 0
 mx1 – y1 – m + 1 = 0
Since the point (1, 1) satisfies the above equation.
Hence, the point (1, 1) lies on the line.
Q15. In what direction should a line be drawn through the point
(1, 2), so that its point of intersection with the line x + y = 4 is
6
at a distance from the given point.
3
Sol.

Let the given line x + y = 4 and required line ‘l’ intersect at

B(a, b).
b2
Slope of line ‘l’ is given by m = = tan q ...(i)
a1
6
Given that AB =
3
So, by distance formula for point A(1, 2) and B(a, b), we get
6
( a  1)2  (b  2)2 =
3
On squaring both the side
6
a2 + 1 – 2a + b2 + 4 – 4b =
9
2
a2 + b2 – 2a – 4b + 5 = ...(ii)
3
Point B(a, b) also satisfies the eqn. x + y = 4
\ a + b = 4 ...(iii)

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 Chapter 10 - Straight Lines NCERT Exemplar - Class 11

3 3 1 5 3 1
On solving (ii) and (iii), we get a = , b=
2 3 2 3
Putting values of a and b in eqn. (i), we have
5 3 1
2
2 3 5 3 14 3 3 1
tan q = = =
3 3 1 3 3 1 2 3 3 1
2 3
\ tan q = tan 15°  q = 15°
Q16. A straight line moves so that the sum of the reciprocals of its
intercepts made on axes is constant. Show that the line passes
through a fixed point.
Sol. Intercepts form of a straight line is
x y
 = 1
a b
where a and b are the intercepts made by the line on the axes.
1 1 1
Given that:  = (say)
a b k
k k
  = 1
a b
which shows that the line is passing through the fixed point
(k, k).
Q17. Find the equation of the line which passes through the point
(– 4, 3) and the portion of the line intercepted between the
axes is divided internally in the ratio 5 : 3 by this point.
Sol. Let AB be a line passing through a point (– 4, 3) and meets
x-axis at A(a, 0) and y-axis at B(0, b).
5  0  3a
\ – 4 =
53
3a  m x  m2 x1 
 – 4 =   X= 1 2
8 m1  m2 
 
 3a = – 32  m1 y2  m2 y1 
 32  and Y = 
\ a =  m1  m2 
3
5.b  3.0
and 3 =
53
5.b
 3 =    5b = 24
8

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 Chapter 10 - Straight Lines NCERT Exemplar - Class 11

24
 b =
5
Intercept form of the line is
x y
 = 1
 32 24
3 5
 3x 5 y
  = 1
32 24
 – 9x + 20y = 96  9x – 20y + 96 = 0
Hence, the required equation is 9x – 20y + 96 = 0.
Q18. Find the equation of the lines through the point of intersection
of the lines x – y + 1 = 0 and 2x – 3y + 5 = 0 and whose distance
7
from the point (3, 2) is .
5
Sol. Given equations are
x – y + 1 = 0 ...(i)
and 2x – 3y + 5 = 0 ...(ii)
Solving eq. (i) and eq. (ii) we get
2x – 2y + 2 = 0
2x – 3y + 5 = 0
(–) (+) (–)
y– 3 = 0 \ y = 3
From eq. (i) we have
x – 3 + 1 = 0  x = 2
So, (2, 3) is the point of intersection of eq. (i) and eq. (ii).
Let m be the slope of the required line
\ Equation of the line is
y – 3 = m(x – 2)
 y – 3 = mx – 2m
 mx – y + 3 – 2m = 0
7
Since, the perpendicular distance from (3, 2) to the line is
5
then
7 m(3)  2  3  2 m
=
5 m2  1

49 (3m  2  3  2 m)2
 =
25 m2  1

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 Chapter 10 - Straight Lines NCERT Exemplar - Class 11
2
49 ( m  1)
 = 2
25 m 1
 49m2 + 49 = 25m2 + 50m + 25
 49m2 – 25m2 – 50m + 49 – 25 = 0
 24m2 – 50m + 24 = 0
 12m2 – 25m + 12 = 0
2
 12m – 16m – 9m + 12 = 0
 4m(3m – 4) – 3(3m – 4) = 0
 (3m – 4)(4m – 3) = 0
 3m – 4 = 0 and 4m – 3 = 0
4 3
\ m= ,
3 4
4
Equation of the line taking m = is
3
4
y – 3 = ( x  2)
3
 3y – 9 = 4x – 8  4x – 3y + 1 = 0
3
Equation of the line taking m = is
4
3
y – 3 = ( x  2)
4
 4y – 12 = 3x – 6  3x – 4y + 6 = 0
Hence, the required equations are 4x – 3y + 1 = 0
and 3x – 4y + 6 = 0
Q19. If the sum of the distance of a moving point in a plane from
the axes is 1, then find the locus of the point.
Sol. Let coordinates of a moving point P be (x, y).
Given that the sum of the
distances from the axes to
the point is always 1
\ x  y = 1
 x + y = 1
 – x – y = 1
 – x + y = 1
 x – y = 1
Hence, these equations
gives us the locus of the
point P which is a square.
Q20. P1, P2 are points on either of the two lines y  3 x = 2 at a
distance of 5 units from their point of intersection. Find the

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 Chapter 10 - Straight Lines NCERT Exemplar - Class 11
coordinates of the foot of perpendiculars drawn from P1, P2
on the bisector of the angle between the given lines.
Sol. Given lines are y  3 x = 2
 y  3 x = 2, if x  0 ...(i)
and y  3 x = 2, if x < 0 ...(ii)
Slope of eq. (i) is tan q = 3 \ q = 60°
Slope of eq. (ii) is tan q =  3 \ q = 120°
Solving eq. (i) and eq. (ii) we get
y  3x = 2
y  3x = 2
2y = 4 y=2
Putting the value of y is eq. (i) we get
x=0
\ Point of intersection of line (i) and (ii) is Q(0, 2)
\ QO = 2
In DPEQ,
PQ
cos 30° =
QE
3 PQ
=
2 5
5 3
\ PQ =
2
\ OP = OQ + PQ
5 3
= 2 
2
Hence, the coordinates of the foot of perpendicular
 5 3
=  0, 2  .
2 
Q21. If p is the length of perpendicular from the origin on the line
x y
 = 1 and a2, p2, b2 are in A.P. then show that a4 + b4 = 0.
a b
x y
Sol. Given equation is  = 1
a b
Since, p is the length of perpendicular drawn from the origin
to the given line

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 Chapter 10 - Straight Lines NCERT Exemplar - Class 11

0 0
 1
a b
\ p =
1 1

a2 b2
Squaring both sides, we have
1
p2 =
1 1
2
 2
a b
1 1 1
  = 2 ...(i)
a2 b2 p
Since a2, p2, b2 are in A.P.
\ 2p2 = a2 + b2
2
a2  b2 1 2
 p =    2 = 2
2 p a  b2
1
Putting the value of 2 is eq. (i) we get,
p
1 1 2
 2 = 2
a 2
b a  b2
a2  b2 2
 =
2 2
a b a  b2 2

 (a + b ) = 2a2b2
2 2 2

 a4 + b4 + 2a2b2 = 2a2b2
 a4 + b4 = 0. Hence proved.

OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS

Q22. A line cutting off intercept – 3 from the y-axis and the tangent at
3
angle to the x-axis is , its equation is
5
(a) 5y – 3x + 15 = 0 (b) 3y – 5x + 15 = 0
(c) 5y – 3x – 15 = 0 (d) None of these
Sol. Since the lines cut off intercepts – 3 on y-axis then the line is
passing through the point (0, – 3).
3 3
Given that: tan q =  Slope of the line m =
5 5
So, the equation of the line is
y – y1 = m(x – x1)
3
 y + 3 = ( x  0)
5

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 Chapter 10 - Straight Lines NCERT Exemplar - Class 11
 5y + 15 = 3x
 3x – 5y – 15 = 0  5y – 3x + 15 = 0
Hence, the correct option is (a).
Q23. Slope of a line which cuts off intercepts of equal length on the
axis is
(a) – 1 (b) – 0
(c) 2 (d) 3
Sol. Intercept form of a line is
x y
 = 1
a b
x y
  = 1 ( a = b)
a a
 x + y = a
 y = – x + a
\ Slope is – 1
Hence, the correct option is (a).
Q24. The equation of the straight line passing through the point (3, 2)
and perpendicular to the line y = x is
(a) x – y = 5 (b) x + y = 5
(c) x + y = 1 (d) x – y = 1
Sol. Eqn of line ‘l’ is given by
y – y1 = m(x – x1).
Since l passing through the point P(3, 2).
\ y – 2 = m(x – 3)
 y = mx + 2 – 3m ...(i)
Since it is given that lines y = x
and ‘l’ are perpendicular to each other,
\ m × 1 = –1
[Q m1 × m2 = –1]
m = –1
Put m = – 1 in eqn. (i), we get
y = –x + 2 – 3(–1)
y = –x + 5
x + y = 5
Hence, correct option is (b).
Q25. The equation of the line passing through the point (1, 2) and
perpendicular to the line x + y + 1 = 0 is
(a) y – x + 1 = 0 (b) y – x – 1 = 0
(c) y – x + 2 = 0 (d) y – x – 2 = 0
Sol. Equation of any line perpendicular to the given
line x + y + 1 = 0 is x – y + k = 0 ...(i)
If eq. (i) passes through the point (1, 2) then

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 Chapter 10 - Straight Lines NCERT Exemplar - Class 11
1 – 2 + k = 0  k = 1
Putting the value of k is eq. (i) we have
x – y + 1 = 0  y – x – 1 = 0
Hence, the correct option is (b).
Q26. The tangent of angle between the line whose intercepts on the
axes are a, – b and b, – a respectively are
a2  b2 b2  a2
(a) (b)
ab 2
b2  a2
(c) (d) None of these
2 ab
Sol. First equation of line having intercepts on the axes
x y
a, – b is  = 1  bx – ay = ab ...(i)
a b
Second equation of line having intercepts on the axes
x y
b, – a is  = 1  ax – by = ab ...(ii)
b a
b
Slope of eq. (i) m1 =
a
a
Slope of eq. (ii) m2 =
b
m1  m2
\ tan q =
1  m1 m2
b a
 b2  a2
= a b =
ab 2 ab
1
ba
Hence, the correct option is (c).
x y
Q27. If the line  = 1 passes through the points (2, – 3) and (4, – 5)
a b
then (a, b) is
(a) (1, 1) (b) (– 1, 1)
(c) (1, – 1) (d) (– 1, – 1)
Sol. Equation of line passing through the points (2, – 3) and (4, – 5) is
53
y + 3 = ( x  2)
42
2
 y + 3 = ( x  2)
2
 y + 3 = – (x – 2)
 y + 3 = – x + 2
 x + y = – 1

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 Chapter 10 - Straight Lines NCERT Exemplar - Class 11

x y
  = 1 (Intercept form)
1 1
\ a = – 1, b = – 1
Hence, the correct option is (d).
Q28. The distance of the point of intersection of the lines
2x – 3y + 5 = 0 and 3x + 4y = 0 from the line 5x – 2y = 0 is
130 13
(a) (b)
17 29 7 29
130
(c) (d) None of these
7
Sol. Given equations are:
2x – 3y + 5 = 0 ...(i)
3x + 4y = 0 ...(ii)
From eq. (ii) we get,
3
4y = – 3x  y = x ...(iii)
4
Putting the value of y in eq. (i) we have
3 
2x  3  x  5 = 0
 4 
 8x + 9x + 20 = 0
 17x + 20 = 0
 20
 x =
17
Putting the value of x in eq. (iii) we get
 3   20 
y =  
4  17 
15
 y =
17
 20 15 
\ Point of intersection is  , .
 1`7 17 
 20 15 
Now perpendicular distance from the point   , to the
1`7 17 
given line 5x – 2y = 0 is
20 15 100 30
5   2  
 17   17  17 17 130
= =
25  4 29 17 29
Hence, the correct option is (a).

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 Chapter 10 - Straight Lines NCERT Exemplar - Class 11
Q29. The equation of the lines which pass through the point (3, – 2)
and are inclined at 60° to the line 3 x  y = 1 is
(a) y + 2 = 0, 3 x  y  2  3 3 = 0
(b) x – 2 = 0, 3 x  y  2  3 3 = 0
(c) 3 x  y  2  3 3 = 0
(d) None of these
Sol. Equation of line is given by
3 x  y  1 = 0
 y =  3 x  1
\ Slope of this line, m1 =  3
Let m2 be the slope of the required line
m  m2
\ tan q = 1
1  m1 m2
 3  m2
 tan 60° =
1  (  3)m2
  3  m2 
 3 =   
 1  3m2 
 3  m2
 3 = [taking (+) sign]
1  3m2
 3  3m2 =  3  m2
 2m2 = 2 3   m2 = 3
  3  m2 
and 3 =    [taking (–) sign]
 1  3m2 
3  m2
 3 =
1  3m2
 3  3m2 = 3  m2
 4m2 = 0  m2 = 0
\ Equation of line passing through (3, – 2) with slope 3 is
y + 2 = 3( x  3)
 y + 2 = 3 x  3 3
 3 x  y  2  3 3 = 0
and the equation of line passing through (3, –2) with slope 0 is
y + 2 = 0(x – 3)  y + 2 = 0
Hence, the correct option is (a).

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 Chapter 10 - Straight Lines NCERT Exemplar - Class 11
Q30. The equation of the lines passing through the point (1, 0) and at
3
a distance from the origin are
2
(a) 3 x  y  3 = 0, 3 x  y  3 = 0
(b) 3 x  y  3 = 0, 3 x  y  3 = 0
(c) x  3 y  3 = 0, x  3 y  3 = 0
(d) None of these
Sol. Equation of any line passing through (1, 0) is
y – 0 = m(x – 1)  mx – y – m = 0
3
Distance of the line from origin is
2
3 m00m
\ =
2 1  m2
3 m
 =
2 1  m2
Squaring both sides, we get
3 m2
=
4 1  m2
 4m2 = 3 + 3m2  4m2 – 3m2 = 3
 m2 = 3 \ m =  3
\ Required equations are
 3 x  y  3 = 0
i.e., 3 x  y  3 = 0 and  3 x  y  3 = 0
 3x  y  3 = 0
Hence, the correct option is (a).
Q31. The distance between the lines y = mx + c1 and y = mx + c2 is
c  c2 c1  c2
(a) 1 (b)
2
1 m 1  m2
c  c1
(c) 2 (d) 0
1  m2
Sol. Given equations are y = mx + c1 ...(i)
and y = mx + c2 ...(ii)
Slopes of eq. (i) and eq. (ii) are same i.e., m
So, they are parallel lines.
c1  c2
\ Distance between the two lines = .
1  m2
Hence, the correct option is (b).

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 Chapter 10 - Straight Lines NCERT Exemplar - Class 11
Q32. The coordinates of the foot of perpendiculars from the point
(2, 3) on the line y = 3x + 4 is given by
 37  1   1 37 
(a)  , (b)  , 
 10 10  10 10
10 2 1
(c)  ,  10 (d)  ,  
 37  3 3
Sol. Given equation is y = 3x + 4
 3x – y + 4 = 0 ...(i)
Slope = 3
Equation of any line passing through the point (2, 3) is
y – 3 = m(x – 2) ...(ii)
If eq. (i) is perpendicular to eq. (ii) then
m  3 = – 1 [ m1  m2 = – 1]
1
 m = 
3
Putting the value of m in eq. (ii) we get
1
y – 3 =  ( x  2)
3
 3y – 9 = – x + 2
 x + 3y = 11 ...(iii)
Solving eq. (i) and eq. (iii) we get
3x – y = – 4  y = 3x + 4 ...(iv)
Putting the value of y in eq. (iii) we get
x + 3(3x + 4) = 11
 x + 9x + 12 = 11
1
 10x = – 1  x =
10
 1
From eq. (iv) we get, y = 3  4
 10 
3 37
 y =  4   y =
10 10
  1 37 
So the required coordinates are  , .
 10 10 
Hence, the correct option is (b).
Q33. If the coordinates of the middle point of the portion of a line
intercepted between the coordinate axes is (3, 2), then the
equation of the line will be
(a) 2x + 3y = 12 (b) 3x + 2y = 12
(c) 4x – 3y = 6 (d) 5x – 2y = 10

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 Chapter 10 - Straight Lines NCERT Exemplar - Class 11
Sol. Let the given line meets the axes at A(a, 0) and B(0, b).
Given that C(3, 2) is the mid-point of AB
a0
\ 3 =   a = 6
2
0b
and 2 =   b = 4
2
Intercept form of the line AB
x y
 = 1
a b
x y
  = 1
6 4
 2x + 3y = 12
Hence, the correct option is (a).
Q34. Equation of the line passing through (1, 2) and parallel to the line
y = 3x – 1 is
(a) y + 2 = x + 1 (b) y + 2 = 3(x + 1)
(c) y – 2 = 3(x – 1) (d) y – 2 = x – 1
Sol. Given equation is y = 3x – 1
Slope = 3
Slope of the line passing through the given point (1, 2) and
parallel to the given line = 3
So, the equation of the required line is
y – 2 = 3(x – 1)
Hence, the correct option is (c).
Q35. Equations of diagonals of the squares formed by the lines x = 0,
y = 0, x = 1 and y = 1 are
(a) y = x, y + x = 1 (b) y = x, x + y = 2
1
(c) 2y = x, y  x = (d) y = 2x, y + 2x = 1
3
Sol. Given equation x = 0, y = 0, x = 1 and y = 1 form a square of side
1 unit
From figure, we get that OABC is square having corners
O(0, 0), A(1, 0), B(1, 1) and C(0, 1)
Equation of diagonal AC
10
y – 0 = ( x  1)
01
 y = – (x – 1)
 y = – x + 1
 y + x = 1
Equation of diagonal OB is

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 Chapter 10 - Straight Lines NCERT Exemplar - Class 11

10
y – 0 = ( x  0)
10
 y = x
Hence, the correct option is (a).
Q36. For specifying a straight line, how many geometrical parameters
should be known?
(a) 1 (b) 2
(c) 4 (d) 3
Sol. Different form of equation of straight lines are
Slope intercept form, y = mx + c, Parameter = 2
x y
Intercept form,  = 1, Parameter = 2
a b
One-point form, y – y1 = m(x – x1), Parameter = 2
Normal form, x cos w + y sin w = P, Parameter = 2
Hence, the correct option is (b).
Q37. The point (4, 1) undergoes the following two successive
transformation:
(i) Reflection about the line y = x
(ii) Translation through a distance 2 units along the positive
x-axis
(a) (4, 3) (b) (3, 4)
7 7
(c) (1, 4) (d)  , 
2 2
Sol. Let the reflection of A(4, 1) in y = x be B(a, b) mid-point of AB
 4  a 1  b
=  ,  which lies on y = x
2 2 
4a 1b
 =
2 2
 4 + a = 1 + b
 a – b = – 3 ...(i)
b1
The slope of the line y = x is 1 and slope of AB =
a4
 b  1
\ 1 = – 1
 a  4 
 b – 1 = – a + 4
 a + b = 5 ...(ii)
Solving eq. (i) and eq. (ii) we get
a = 1 and b = 4
\ The point after translation is (1 + 2, 4) or (3, 4).
Hence, the correct option is (b).

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 Chapter 10 - Straight Lines NCERT Exemplar - Class 11
Q38. A point equidistant from the lines 4x + 3y + 10 = 0, 5x – 12y + 26 =
0 and 7x + 24y – 50 = 0 is
(a) (1, – 1) (b) (1, 1)
(c) (0, 0) (d) (0, 1)
Sol. Given equations are
4x + 3y + 10 = 0 ...(i)
5x – 12y + 26 = 0 ...(ii)
and 7x + 24y – 50 = 0 ...(iii)
Let (x1, y1) be any point equidistant from eq. (i), eq. (ii) and
eq. (iii).
Distance of (x1, y1) from eq. (i)
4 x1  3 y1  10 4 x1  3 y1  10
= =
16  9 5
Distance of (x1, y1) from eq. (ii)
5 x1  12 y1  26 5 x1  12 y1  26
= =
25  144 13
Distance of (x1, y1) from eq. (iii)
7 x1  24 y1  50 7 x1  24 y1  50
= =
49  576 25
If the point (x1, y1) is equidistant from the given lines, then
4 x1  3 y1  10 5 x1  12 y1  26 7 x1  24 y1  50
= =
5 13 25
We see that putting x1 = 0 and y1 = 0, the above relation is
satisfied i.e.,
10 26 50
= = =2
5 13 25
Hence, the correct option is (c).
Q39. A line passes through (2, 2) and is perpendicular to the line
3x + y = 3. Its y-intercept is
2
(a) 1 (b)
3 3
4
(c) 1 (d)
3
Sol. Any line perpendicular to 3x + y = 3
x – 3y = l (l = constant)
If it passes through the point (2, 2) then
2 – 3(2) = l  l = – 4

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 Chapter 10 - Straight Lines NCERT Exemplar - Class 11

\ Required equation is x – 3y = – 4
 – 3y = – x – 4
1 4
 y = x  [ y = mx + c]
3 3
4
So, the y-intercept is . Hence, the correct option is (d).
3
Q40. The ratio in which the line 3x + 4y + 2 = 0 divides the distance
between the lines 3x + 4y + 5 = 0 and 3x + 4y – 5 = 0 is
(a) 1 : 2 (b) 3 : 7
(c) 2 : 3 (d) 2 : 5
Sol. The given equations are
3x + 4y + 5 = 0 ...(i)
3x + 4y – 5 = 0 ...(ii)
and 3x + 4y + 2 = 0 ...(iii)
Clearly, eq. (i), (ii) and (iii) are
parallel to each other as the
coefficients of x and y are same.
Distance between parallel lines (i) and (iii) we get
 Distance between two 
52 3  
=
5  parallel lines = c1  c2 
(3)2  (4)2  
 a2  b2 
Distance between parallel lines (ii) and (iii) we get
5  2 7
=
2
(3)  (4) 2 5
3 7
\ Ratio between the distances = : = 3:7
5 5
Hence, the correct option is (b).
Q41. One vertex of the equilateral triangle with centroid at the origin
and one side as x + y – 2 = 0 is
(a) (– 1, – 1) (b) (2, 2)
(c) (– 2, – 2) (d) (2, – 2)
Sol. Let ABC be an equilateral triangle
with vertex (x1, y1).
AD  BC and let (a, b) be the
coordinates of D.
Given that the centroid G  lies
at the origin i.e., (0, 0)

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 Chapter 10 - Straight Lines NCERT Exemplar - Class 11
Since, the centroid of a triangle,divides the median in the
ratio 1 : 2
1  x1  2  a
So, 0 =
12
 x1 + 2a = 0 ...(i)

1  y1  2  b
and 0 =   y1 + 2b = 0 ...(ii)
12
Equations of BC is given by x + y – 2 = 0 ...(iii)
Point D(a, b) lies on the line x + y – 2 = 0
So a + b – 2 = 0 ...(iv)
Slope of eq. (iii) is = – 1
y  0 y1
and the slope of AG = 1 =
x1  0 x1
Since, they are perpendicular to each other
y
\  1  1 = –1  y1 = x1
x1
From eq. (i) and (ii) we get
x1 + 2a = 0  2a = – x1
y1 + 2b = 0  2b = – y1
\ a = b
From eq. (iv) we get
a + b – 2 = 0
 a + a – 2 = 0
 2a – 2 = 0  a = 1 and b = 1 [ a = b]
\ x1 = – 2  1 = – 2
and y1 = – 2  1 = – 2
Hence, the correct option is (c).
Fill in the Blanks:
Q42. If a, b, c are in A.P. then the straight line ax + by + c = 0 will
always pass through ............... .
Sol. Given equation is ax + by + c = 0 ...(i)
Since a, b and c are in A.P.
ac
\ b =
2
 a + c = 2b
 a – 2b + c = 0 ...(ii)
Comparing eq. (i) with eq. (ii) we get,
x = 1, y = – 2
So, the line will pass through (1, – 2)
Hence, the value of the filler is (1, – 2).

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 Chapter 10 - Straight Lines NCERT Exemplar - Class 11
Q43. The line which cuts off equal intercepts from the axes and
pass through the point (1, – 2) is ............... .
Sol. Intercept form of the line is
x y
 = 1 ...(i)
a b
Given that a = b
x y
\  = 1  x + y = a ...(ii)
a a
If the line (i) passes through (1, – 2) we get
1 – 2 = a  a = – 1
So, the required equation is x + y = – 1  x + y + 1 = 0.
Hence, the value of the filler is x + y + 1 = 0.
Q44. Equations of the lines through the point (3, 2) and making an
angle of 45° with the line x – 2y = 3 are ............... .
Sol. Given line is x – 2y = 3 and the point is (3, 2)
Equation of a line passing through the point (3, 2) is
y – 2 = m(x – 3) ...(i)
Angle between eq. (i) and the given line x – 2y = 3 whose slope
1
is
2
m1  m2
\ tan q =
1  m1 m2
1
m
2
 tan 45° = 1
1m
2
1 1
m m
2 2 =±1
 1 = m    m
1 1
2 2
Taking (+) sign,
1
m
2 1 m
m = 1  m = 1 
1 2 2
2
m 1
 m = 1 
2 2
m 3
 =   m = 3
2 2

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 Chapter 10 - Straight Lines NCERT Exemplar - Class 11
Taking (–) sign,
1
m
2 1 m
m = – 1  m =  1 
1 2 2
2
m 1
 m =  1 
2 2
1
 m = 
3
So, the required equations are,
When m = 3,
y – 2 = 3(x – 3)
 y – 2 = 3x – 9
 3x – y – 7 = 0
1
When m = 
3
1
y – 2 =  ( x  3)
3
 3y – 6 = – x + 3
 x + 3y – 9 = 0
Hence, the value of the filler is 3x – y – 7 = 0 and x + 3y – 9 = 0.
Q45. The points (3, 4) and (2, – 6) are situated on the ............... of the
line 3x – 4y – 8 = 0.
Sol. Given line is 3x – 4y – 8 = 0 ...(i)
and the given points are (3, 4) and (2, – 6).
For point (3, 4), line becomes = 3(3) – 4(4) – 8
= 9 – 16 – 8
= 9 – 24 = – 15 < 0
For the point (2, – 6), line becomes = 3(2) – 4(– 6) – 8
= 6 + 24 – 8 = 30 – 8
= 22 > 0
So, the points (3, 4) and (2, – 6) are situated on the opposite
sides of 3x – 4y – 8 = 0.
Hence, the value of the filler is opposite.
Q46. A point moves so that square of its distance from the point
(3,  – 2) is numerically equal to its distance from the line
5x – 12y = 3. The equation of its locus is ............... .
Sol. The given equation of line is 5x – 12y = 3 and the given point
is (3, – 2).
Let (a, b) be any moving point

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 Chapter 10 - Straight Lines NCERT Exemplar - Class 11
\ Distance between (a, b) and the point (3, – 2)
2 2
= ( a  3)  (b  2)
and the distance of (a, b) from the line 5x – 12y = 3
5a  12b  3 5a  12b  3
= =
25  144 13
According to the question, we have
 2 2
2 5a  12b  3
 ( a  3)  (b  2)  = 13
5a  12b  3
 (a – 3)2 + (b + 2)2 =
13
Taking numerical values only, we have
5a  12b  3
(a – 3)2 + (b + 2)2 =
13
5a  12b  3
 a2 – 6a + 9 + b2 + 4b + 4 =
13
5a  12b  3
 a2 + b2 – 6a + 4b + 13 =
13
 13a2 + 13b2 – 78a + 52b + 169 = 5a – 12b – 3
 13a2 + 13b2 – 83 + 64b + 172 = 0
So, the locus of the point is 13x2 + 13y2 – 83x + 64y + 172 = 0.
Hence, the value of the filler is 13x2 + 13y2 – 83x + 64y + 172 = 0.
Q47. Locus of the mid-points of the portion of the line
x sin q + y cos q = p intercepted between the axis is ............... .
Sol. Given equation of the line is
x cos q + y sin q = p ...(i)
Let C(h, k) be the mid-point of the given line AB where it
meets the two axis at A(a, 0) and B(0, b).
Since (a, 0) lies on eq. (i) then
a cos q + 0 = p
p
 a = ...(ii)
cos q
B(0, b) also lies on the eq. (i) then
0 + b sin q = p
p
 b = ...(iii)
sin q
Since C(h, k) is the mid-point of AB

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 Chapter 10 - Straight Lines NCERT Exemplar - Class 11

0a
\ h =   a = 2h
2
b0
and k =   b = 2k
2
Putting the values of a and b is eq. (ii) and (iii) we get
p p
2h =   cos q = ...(iv)
cos q 2h
p p
and 2k =   sin q = ...(v)
sin q 2 k
Squaring and adding eq. (iv) and (v) we get
p2 p2
 cos2 q + sin2 q = 
4h2 4k 2
p2 p2
 1 = 
4h2 4 k 2
So, the locus of the mid-point is
p2 p2
1 = 
4x2 4 y 2
 4x2y2 = p2(x2 + y2)
Hence, the value of the filler is 4x2y2 = p2(x2 + y2).
State True or False:
Q48. If the vertices of a triangle have integral coordinates, then the
triangle cannot be equilateral.
Sol. We know that if the vertices of triangle has integral coordinates,
then the triangle can not be equilateral.
So, the given statement is True.
Q49. The points A(– 2, 1), B(0, 5) and C(– 1, 2) are collinear.
Sol. Given points are A(– 2, 1), B(0, 5), C(– 1, 2)
2 1 1
1
Area of DABC = 0 5 1
2
1 2 1
1 5 1 0 1 0 5
= 2 1 1
2 2 1 1 1 1 2
1
=  2(5  2)  1(0  1)  1(0  5)
2
1
=  2  3  1  1  1  5
2

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 Chapter 10 - Straight Lines NCERT Exemplar - Class 11

1
= 615
2
1
=  2 = 1 sq. unit
2
So, the given points are not collinear.
Hence, the given statement is False.
Q50. Equation of the line passing through the point (a cos3 q, a sin3 q)
and perpendicular to the line x sec q + y cosec q = a is
x cos q – y sin q = a sin 2q.
Sol. Equation of any line perpendicular to x sec q + y cosec q = a is
x cosec q – y sec q = k ...(i)
If eq. (i) passes through (a cos3 q, a sin3 q) then
a cos3 q.cosec q – a sin3 q.sec q = k
a cos 3 q a sin 3 q
  = k
sin q cos q
\ Required equation is
a cos 3 q a sin 3 q
x cosec q – y sec q = 
sin q cos q
x y  cos q  sin 4 q 
4
  a
=  
sin q cos q  sin q cos q 
x cos q  y sin q  (cos 2 q  sin 2 q) (cos 2 q  sin  q) 
 a
=  
sin q cos q  sin q cos q 
 x cos q – y sin q = a(cos2 q – sin2 q)
 x cos q – y sin q = a cos 2q.
Hence, the given statement is False.
Q51. The straight line 5x + 4y = 0 passes through the point of
intersection of the straight lines x + 2y – 10 = 0 and 2x + y + 5 = 0.
Sol. Given equations are x + 2y – 10 = 0 ...(i)
and 2x + y + 5 = 0 ...(ii)
From eq. (i) x = 10 – 2y ...(iii)
Putting the value of x in eq. (ii) we get
2(10 – 2y) + y + 5 = 0
 20 – 4y + y + 5 = 0
 – 3y + 25 = 0
25
 y =
3
Putting the value of y in eq. (iii) we get
 25 
x = 10  2  
 3

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 Chapter 10 - Straight Lines NCERT Exemplar - Class 11

30  50  20
= =
3 3
  20 25 
\ Point =  , 
 3 3
  20 25 
If the given line 5x + 4y = 0 passes through the point  , 
 3 3
then
  20   25 
5  4   = 0
 3   3
 100 100
  = 0
3 3
 0 = 0 satisfied.
So, the given line passes through the point of intersection of
the given lines.
Hence, the given statement is True.
Q52. The vertex of an equilateral triangle is (2, 3) and the equation
of the opposite side is x + y = 2. Then, the other two sides are
y – 3 = (2  3)( x  2) .
Sol. Let ABC be an equilateral triangle with vertex (2, 3) and the
opposite side is x + y = 2 with slope –1. Suppose slope of line
AB is m.
Since each angle of equilateral triangle is 60°.
\ Angle between AB and BC
1m
tan 60° =
1  (  1) m
1m
 3 =
1m
 1  m
 3 =  
 1  m 

Taking (+) sign,

1m
3 =  3  3m = 1 + m
1m
 3m  m = 3  1
 m( 3  1) = 3  1
3 1
 m =
3 1

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 Chapter 10 - Straight Lines NCERT Exemplar - Class 11

3 1 3 1
 m = 
3 1 3 1
312 3
 m =  2 3
31
Taking (–) sign, m 2  3
So, the equations of other two lines are
y – 3 = (2  3)( x  2)
Hence, the statement is True.
Q53. The equation of the line joining the point (3, 5) to the point
of intersection of the lines 4 – 1 = 0 and 7x – 3y – 35 = 0 is
equidistant from the points (0, 0) and (8, 34).
Sol. Given equations are
4x + y – 1 = 0 ...(i)
and 7x – 3y – 35 = 0 ...(ii)
From eq. (i) y = 1 – 4x ...(iii)
Putting the value of y in eq. (ii) we get
7x – 3(1 – 4x) – 35 = 0
 7x – 3 + 12x – 35 = 0
 19x – 38 = 0
 x = 2
From eq. (iii) we get, y = 1 – 4  2  y = – 7
The point of intersection is (2, – 7).
Equation of line joining the point (3, 5) to the point (2, – 7) is
75
y – 5 = ( x  3)
23
 y – 5 = 12(x – 3)
 y – 5 = 12x – 36
 12x – y – 31 = 0 ...(iv)
Distance of eq. (iv) from the point (0, 0)
 31 31
= 
2
(12)  (  1) 2 145
Distance of eq. (iv) from the point (8, 34) is
12  8  34  31
=
(12)2  (  1)2
96  65 31
= 
145 145
Hence, the given statement is True.

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 Chapter 10 - Straight Lines NCERT Exemplar - Class 11

x y 1 1 1
Q54. The line  = 1 moves in such a way that 2  2 = 2
a b a b c
where c is a constant. The locus of the foot of the perpendicular
from the origin on the given line is x2 + y2 = c2.
x y
Sol. The given equation is  = 1 ...(i)
a b
Equation of the line passing through (0, 0) and perpendicular
to eq. (i) is
x y
 = 0 ...(ii)
b a
Squaring and adding eq. (i) and (ii) we get
2 2
 x y  x y
       = 1 + 0
a b b a
x 2 y 2 2 xy x 2 y 2 2 xy
    2  2  = 1
a2 b2 ab b a ab
 1 1  1 1
 x 2  2  2   y 2  2  2  = 1
a b  b a 
 1 1
 ( x 2  y 2 )  2  2  = 1
a b 
 1  1 1 1
 ( x 2  y 2 )  2  = 1  2  2 = 2 
c   a b c 
2 2 2
 x + y = c
Hence, the given statement is True.
Q55. The lines ax + 2y + 1 = 0, bx + 3y + 1 = 0 and cx + 4y + 1 = 0 are
concurrent, if a, b and c are in G.P.
Sol. Given equations are
ax + 2y + 1 = 0 ...(i)
bx + 3y + 1 = 0 ...(ii)
cx + 4y + 1 = 0 ...(iii)
Solving eq. (i) and (ii) we get
 ax  1
ax + 2y + 1 = 0  y =
2
Putting the value of y in eq. (ii) we have
  ax  1 
bx  3    1 = 0
 2 
 2bx – 3ax – 3 + 2 = 0
 (2b – 3a)x = 1

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 Chapter 10 - Straight Lines NCERT Exemplar - Class 11

1
 x =
2b  3a
1 
 a  1
 2b  3a 
\ y =
2
 a  2b  3a
=
2(2b  3a)
2 a  2b ab
= =
2(2b  3a) 2b  3a
So, the point of intersection of eq. (i) and (ii) is
 1 ab 
 2b  3a , 2b  3a  .

If eq. (i), (ii) and (iii) are concurrent, then the above point must
lie on eq. (iii)
cx + 4y + 1 = 0
 1   b 
a
 c    4   1 = 0
 2b  3a   2b  3a 
c  4 a  4b  2b  3a
 = 0
2b  3a
 c + a – 2b = 0
 2b = a + c
So, a, b and c are in A.P. and not in G.P.
Hence, the given statement is False.
Q56. Line joining the points (3, – 4) and (– 2, 6) is perpendicular to
the line joining the points (– 3, 6) and (9, – 18).
Sol. The given points are (3, – 4) and (– 2, 6), (– 3, 6) and (9, – 18).
Slope of the line joining the points (3, – 4) and (– 2, 6)
64 10
m1 = = =2
23 5
Slope of the line joining the points (– 3, 6) and (9, – 18)
 18  6  24
m2 = = =2
93 12
Since m1 = m2 = – 2
So, the lines are parallel and not perpendicular.
Hence, the given statement is False.

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 Chapter 10 - Straight Lines NCERT Exemplar - Class 11
Q57. Match the Column:
Column I Column II
(a) The coordinate of the points (i) (3, 1), (– 7, 11)
P and Q on the line x + 5y = 13
which are at a distance of 2 units
from the line 12x – 5y + 26 = 0 are
(b) The coordinates of the point   1 11   4 7 
on the line x + y = 4, which are (ii)  , , , 
3 3   3 3
at a unit distance from the line
4x + 3y – 10 = 0 are
(c) The coordinates of the point on  12   16 
the line joining A(– 2, 5) and (iii)  1,  ,   3, 
5 5
(3, 1) such that AP = PQ = QB are
Sol. (a) Let P(x1, y1)be any point on the given line
x + 5y = 13 \ x1 + 5y1 = 13
Distance of line 12x – 5y + 26 = 0 from the point P(x1, y1)
12 x1  5 y1  26
2 =
(12)2  (  5)2

12 x1  (13  x1 )  26
 2 =
13
12 x1  13  x1  26
 2 =
13
13 x1  13
 2 =
13
 2 = ± (x1 + 1)
 2 = x1 + 1   x1 = 1 (Taking (+) sign)
and 2 = – x1 – 1   x1 = – 3 (Taking (–) sign)
Putting the values of x1 in eq. x1 + 5y1 = 13.
12 16
We get y1 = and .
5 5
 12   16 
So, the required points are  1,  and   3,  .
 5  5
Hence, (a)  (iii).
(b) Let P(x1, y1) be any point on the given line
x + y = 4 \ x1 + y1 = 4 ...(i)
Distance of the line 4x + 3y – 10 = 0 from the point P(x1, y1)

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 Chapter 10 - Straight Lines NCERT Exemplar - Class 11

4 x1  3 y1  10
1 =
(4)2  (3)2
4 x1  3(4  x1 )  10
 1 =
5
4 x1  12  3 x1  10
 1 =
5
x1  2
 1 =
5
 x1  2 
 1 =   
5 
x1  2
 = 1 (Taking (+) sign)
5
 x1 + 2 = 5  x1 = 3
x1  2
and = – 1 (Taking (–) sign)
5
 x1 + 2 = – 5  x1 = – 7
Putting the values of x1 in eq. (i) we get
x1 + y1 = 4
at x1 = 3, y1 = 1
at x1 = – 7, y1 = 11
So, the required points are (3, 1) and (– 7, 11).
Hence, (b)  (i).
(c) Given that AP = PQ = QB
Equation of line joining A(– 2, 5) and B(3, 1) is
15
y – 5 = ( x  2)
32
4
 y – 5 = ( x  2)
5
 5y – 25 = – 4x – 8
 4x + 5y – 17 = 0
Let P(x1, y1) and Q(x2, y2) be any two points on the line AB
P(x1, y1) divides the line AB in the ratio 1 : 2
1.3  2(  2) 3  4  1
\ x1 = = =
12 3 3

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 Chapter 10 - Straight Lines NCERT Exemplar - Class 11

1.1  2.5 1  10 11
y1 = = =
12 3 3
  1 11 
So, the coordinates of P(x1, y1) =  , .
3 3
Now point Q(x2, y2) is the mid-point of PB
1
3
3 =4
\ x2 =
2 3
11
1
3 =7
y2 =
2 3
 4 7
Hence, the coordinates of Q(x2, y2) =  , 
3 3
Hence, (c)  (ii).
Q58. The value of the l, if the lines (2x + 3y + 4) + l(6x – y + 12) = 0
are
Column I Column II
3
(a) Parallel to y-axis is (i) l = 
4
1
(b) Perpendicular to 7x + y – 4 = 0 (ii) l = 
3
17
(c) Passes through (1, 2) is (iii) l = 
41
(d) Parallel to x-axis is (iv) l = 3
Sol. (a) Given equation is
(2x + 3y + 4) + l(6x – y + 12) = 0
 (2 + 6l)x + (3 – l)y + 4 + 12l = 0 ...(i)
If eq. (i) is parallel to y-axis, then
3 – l = 0  l = 3
Hence, (a)  (iv)
(b) Given lines are
(2x + 3y + 4) + l(6x – y + 12) = 0 ...(i)
 (2 + 6l)x + (3 – l)y + 4 + 12l = 0
 2  6l 
Slope =  
 3  l 
Second equation is 7x + y – 4 = 0 ...(ii)
Slope = – 7

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 Chapter 10 - Straight Lines NCERT Exemplar - Class 11
If eq. (i) and eq. (ii) are perpendicular to each other
  2  6l  
\ (  7)      = – 1
  3  l 
14  42 l
 = – 1
3l
 14 + 42l = – 3 + l
 42l – l = – 17
 41l = – 17
17
 l = 
41
Hence, (b)  (iii).
(c) Given equation is (2x + 3y + 4) + l(6x – y + 12) = 0 ...(i)
If eq. (i) passes through the given point (1, 2) then
(2  1 + 3  2 + 4) + l(6  1 – 2 + 12) = 0
 (2 + 6 + 4) + l(6 – 2 + 12) = 0
 12 + 16l = 0
 12  3
 l= =
16 4
Hence, (c)  (i).
(d) The given equation is (2x + 3y + 4) + l(6x – y + 12) = 0
 (2 + 6l)x + (3 – l)y + 4 + 12l = 0 ...(i)
If eq. (i) is parallel to x-axis, then
1
2 + 6l = 0  l =
3
Hence, (d)  (ii).
Q59. The equation of the line through the intersection of the lines
2x – 3y = 0 and 4x – 5y = 2 and
Column I Column II
(a) Through the point (2, 1) is (i) 2x – y = 4

(b) Perpendicular to the line (ii) x + y – 5 = 0

x + 2y + 1 = 0 is
(c) Parallel to the line (iii) x – y – 1 = 0
3x – 4y + 5 = 0 is
(d) Equally inclined to the axis is (iv) 3x – 4y – 1 = 0
Sol. (a) Given equations are 2x – 3y = 0 ...(i)
and 4x – 5y = 2 ...(ii)
Equations of line passing through eq. (i) and (ii) we get
...(iii)

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 Chapter 10 - Straight Lines NCERT Exemplar - Class 11
If eq. (iii) passes through (2, 1), we get
(2  2 – 3  1) + k(4  2 – 5  1 – 2) = 0
 (4 – 3) + k(8 – 5 – 2) = 0
 1 + k(8 – 7) = 0
 k = – 1
So, the required equation is
(2x – 3y) – 1(4x – 5y – 2) = 0
 2x – 3y – 4x + 5y + 2 = 0
 – 2x + 2y + 2 = 0
 x – y – 1 = 0
Hence, (a)  (iii).
(b) Equation of any line passing through the point of intersection
of the line 2x – 3y = 0 and 4x – 5y = 2 is
(2x – 3y) + k(4x – 5y – 2) = 0 ...(i)
 (2 + 4k)x + (– 3 – 5k)y – 2k = 0
 (2  4 k ) 2  4 k
Slope = =
 3  5k 3  5k
1
Slope of the given line x + 2y + 1 = 0 is  .
2
If they are perpendicular to each other then
1  2  4k 
  = – 1
2  3  5 k 
1  2k
 = 1
3  5k
 1 + 2k = 3 + 5k
2
 3k = – 2  k =
3
Putting the value of k is eq. (i) we get
2
(2 x  3 y )  (4 x  5 y  2) = 0
3
 6x – 9y – 8x + 10y + 4 = 0
 – 2x + y + 4 = 0
 2x – y = 4
Hence, (b)  (i)
(c) Given equations are
2x – 3y = 0 ...(i)
4x – 5y = 2 ...(ii)
Equation of line passing through eq. (i) and (ii) we get
(2x – 3y) + k(4x – 5y – 2) = 0

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 Chapter 10 - Straight Lines NCERT Exemplar - Class 11
 (2 + 4k)x + (– 3 – 5k)y – 2k = 0
 (2  4 k ) 2  4 k
Slope = =
 3  5k 3  5k
3
Slope of the given line 3x – 4y + 5 = 0 is .
4
If the two equations are parallel, then
2  4k 3
=
3  5k 4
 8 + 16k = 9 + 15k
 16k – 15k = 9 – 8
 k = 1
So, the equation of the required line is
(2x – 3y) + 1(4x – 5y – 2) = 0
2x – 3y + 4x – 5y – 2 = 0
 6x – 8y – 2 = 0
 3x – 4y – 1 = 0
Hence, (c)  (iv)
(d) Given equations are
2x – 3y = 0 ...(i)
4x – 5y – 2 = 0 ...(ii)
Equation of line passing through the intersection of eq. (i) and
(ii) we get
(2x – 3y) + k(4x – 5y – 2) = 0
 (2 + 4k)x + (– 3 – 5k)y – 2k = 0
2  4k
Slope =
3  5k
Since the equation is equally inclined with axes
\ Slope = tan 135° = tan (180° – 45°) = – tan 45° = – 1
2  4k
So = – 1  2 + 4k = – 3 – 5k
3  5k  4k + 5k = – 3 – 2
5
 9k = – 5  k =
9
Required equation is
5
(2 x  3 y )  (4 x  5 y  2) = 0
9
 18x – 27y – 20x + 25y + 10 = 0
 – 2x – 2y + 10 = 0
 x + y – 5 = 0
Hence, (d)  (ii)

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