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GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

VISHWAKARMA GOVERNMENT ENGINEERING

COLLEGE
A Project Report On

MORDEN EFFIICIENT IRRIGATION SYSTEM AND DESIGN OF

DESALINATION PLANT AT DANDI VILLAGE

Submitted by:
SR. NO. ENROLLMENT NO. NAME
1. 150170106007 CHAUDHARI JAIMIKKUMAR P.
2. 150170106008 CHAUDHARI PRADIPKUMAR M.
3. 150170106014 JADAV KETANKUMAR M.
4. 150170106041 PATEL KUNJANKUMAR S.
5. 150170106051 RAUT NANUBHAI L.

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING

IN CIVIL ENGINEERING
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VISHWAKARMA GOVERNMENT ENGINEERING COLLEGE

(CIVIL ENGINEERING)

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the project report is submitted, entitled MORDERN EFFICIENT
IRRIGATION SYSTEM AND DESIGN OF DESALINATION PLANT AT DANDI
VILLAGE has been carried out by 3rd semester students of Civil Engineering,
SR. NO. ENROLLMENT NO. NAME
1. 150170106007 CHAUDHARI JAIMIKKUMAR P.
2. 150170106008 CHAUDHARI PRADIPKUMAR M.
3. 150170106014 JADAV KETANKUMAR M.
4. 150170106041 PATEL KUNJANKUMAR S.
5. 150170106051 RAUT NANUBHAI L.

Under my guidance in fulfillment for the degree of: Bachelor of Engineering in Civil
Engineering 3rd Semester of Gujarat Technological University, Ahmedabad during the
academic year2016-2017. These students have successfully completed activities under my
guidance.

_____________________ ______________________
Internal Guide Head of the Department
(Asst. Prof. Asim Shaikh) (Prof. K.L. Timani)
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INDEX

Sr. No CONTENT PAGE NO.

1 Introduction 4
2 Abstract 6
3 AEIOU frame work 7

 Activities 8

 Environments

 Interactions

 Objects

 User

4 Empathy Summary Canvas 11

5 Product Development Canvas 14

6 Ideation Canvas 17

s7 Learning Needs matrix 19

8 Conclusion 32

1. INTRODUCTION
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 Introduction About Team Members

We all five are Civil engineering sem-3 students. We all are interested and eager to
know anything related to civil engg. . We all share our research with each other.
We believe in getting knowledge as much as possible. We often discuss about our
ideas related to current technology affairs. We do online research on the various
kinds of irrigation system . we are excited about design engineering as it gives us
knowledge about Irrigation system.

 Introduction to Faculty
Asst. Prof. Asim I Shaikh is very decent. He has a wide range of knowledge in
almost every area related to Irrigation & Water resource management. He helps
student by sharing his knowledge and his knowledge is really beneficial. He is a
good man with a kind heart.

 Understanding about Design Thinking

A primary purpose of design thinking is to summarize and synthesis the research on

design thinking to better understand its characteristics and processes as well as the
difference between novice and expert design thinker. It is very important for
upcoming engineers like us to develop critical thinking skills, working and
managing a team, completing work on or before time, enhancing the way to look at
things, approaching and facing problems with different point of view etc. Design
thinking helps us enhance and improve our skills.

 Importance of Design Thinking

Introduction of this project is very important in lives of beginners like us. This
project make us aware about how things work in actual world. Firstly a team is
chosen by us, we have to work in that team throughout the project which obviously
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improves our management and team-working skills. This project helps us to

develop critical thinking skills, the way we approach towards a problem also
become more simplified and distinct. Throughout our project we constantly solve
and fix different kind of problems, hence enhance problem facing and solving
capability. Secondary communication skills also improves. With help of this
project, we got a good knowledge about designing which would be helpful in
future. Also it helps to apply the findings from the literature.

2. ABSTRACT
Water is a scarce resource in many parts of the developed world. As per last 2-3 years
scenario, the rainfall is occurring at non uniform rate in Dandi (Navsari) village. Due to this,
crops can not growth in its natural ways. Sometimes, due to heavy rainfall, it eliminate the crops
and make bad effect on the crops. . Two solutions are possible to address water scarcity.

(1). Conservation of existing resources.

(2). Treat the polluted or salty water by desalination plant.

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As a solution of wastage of runoff water we are storing this runoff water in a storage tank
at a location where huge quantity of water is gathered.

We are providing the sprinkler irrigation method in this area as an modern efficient
irrigation method.And as a next semester work we are going to introduce a system for removal of
salinity of water.

The main aim of project is to develop the modern efficient irrigation system and design
the desalination plant at Dandi (Navsari) village to treat and use the salty underground water.

3. AEIOU Frame Work

Here AEIOU stands for Activities, Environment, Interaction, Object and User. The summary
contains all the points of AEIOU
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In this canvas, we have discussed about activity involved, users involved, objects
involved and interaction in which interact persons with field are shown. Our object is to store
rain water which is runoff during rain as a waste water by introducing a storage tank. This stored
water is then used as an irrigation water by introducing a sprinkler system of irrigation.

 Activities
• Farming
• Ploughing Farm
• Surface Irrigation
• Harvesting
• Weeding
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• Shower drugs
When we reached at Dandi village at Navsari, people were busy in their work. Some farmers
were ploughing in the farm. Some were harvesting in the farm. Farmer provided water to their
crops by surface irrigation system. Few workers were working in the field. Their was one person
shower drugs in the farm. Elder were talking under one tree.

 Interaction
 Two people were discussing about shortage of water 
Agriculture officer given some information to farmer
about different type of disinfectant drugs  Farmers
group discussing about salty water

 Environment
 Home, Farm, warm, garden ,rain, summer
When we Reached at farm and garden, misty atmosphere found in morning time. At the mid of
the day temperature was warm. There was lack of cleanliness there were lot of garbage found on
field & road.

 Object
 Water pump, soil moisture sensor, battery,
Arduino, servo motor
(1) Water pump :
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Here's a automatic water pump controller circuit that controls the water pump motor. The motor
gets automatically switched on when water in the overhead tank (OHT) falls below the lower limit.
Similarly, it gets switched off when the tank is filled up.

(2) Soil moisture sensor :

A small charge is placed on the electrodes and electrical resistance through the sensor is
measured. As water is used by plants or as the soil moisture decreases, water is drawn from
the sensor and resistance increases. Conversely, as soil moisture increases, resistance
decreases.

(3) Battery:
For energy, connect the all components like water pump, soil moisture sensor, Arduino
and servo motor for energy.

(4) Arduino :

• We insert the soil moisture sensor in the soil and connected it to the Arduino and the
sensor sends the data to the Arduino about the moisture inside the soil.it makes the
smart irrigation controller. The Arduino will get the action on the data. According to
the condition given in the program.

(5) Servo motor:

• In this project, the water pipe is connected to the servo motor which rotates according
to the requirement. If there are two crops A & B. and if A having less amount of
moisture then the servo motor rotates toward the crop A. and starts the watering and
when it will fill up it will rotate towards crop B. this is one more benefit of this
project.

 User
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 Farmers, Engineer, Worker , gardener, WUA, Scientists

There are so many users of this system. Farmer used this system to
provide water of crops in their daily life.

4. Empathy mapping
The empathy mapping provide a direct introduction to over project

1. This gives the basic idea about sprinkle irrigation system.

2. The story that helped us to serve our purpose and observe the
happy and sad happenings around us.
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In this empathy canvas we have discussed about users involved, stakeholders involved and
various activities related to our topic. In the Happy and Sad we have discussed what is good after
the project and problems before introducing the project.

 User
• Farmers , scientists ,Engineers , gardener
Workers
 Stakeholders
• Farmers , Engineers ,Government ,Contractor ,
community
 Activity
 Farming, monitor weather, plant health, saving
water, saving time, real time sensing

 Story
• Happy : Which person we met was using Smart
Irrigation system using Arduino when we asked him he
told us that which type of system he was used that is
batter than older system. Required less amount of
water, good productivity and less man power compare
to surface irrigation.

• Happy : when we met person he was using Smart

irrigation system using Arduino he told us that in this
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system easy to provide water to crops and required less

time and water.

• Sad : When we met person he was using this system

when we asked him he told us that when electricity note
provide proper power then system is not working so he
could not provided water to his crops. And this system
is too costly installation, undergrounding and reliability.

• Sad : Which person we met was using Smart Irrigation

system using Arduino when we asked him he told us
that this system is not use for some type of crops and
caused failure of crops like costly water bills and

wrong analysis of weather.

5. Product Development Canvas

After various observation and combining the ideation process, we have concluded
that the problem related to Irrigation can be solved by using proper and efficient
materials technique.
The final problem that came by surveying is shortage of water for irrigation and
people have no proper idea about irrigation system.

Description of Problem solution

The solution of the above mention problems is provide water by sprinkle irrigation
system. In this type of irrigation system required less amount of water save time.
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In this product development canvas, we have discussed about the purpose, people, product
experience, product functions, product features, components, customer revalidation and redesign
needed etc. The function is to proper conveyance of runoff water. The features is to provide
better system of applying water, reducing wastage of water, increase in yield of crops etc.

 Purpose
Here is purpose of product development canvas to such an improved
ameliorate product for interacted people etc.
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 Use water efficiently ,Increase yield of crops , Save

water ,Low maintainance , maintain plant health.
 Product Experience
• Uniform use of water, Reliable
 Product Function
• Proper conveyance of waste water

 Customer Revalidation

 Economy , Automatic system

  Product Features
 Better system of applying water , Reducing

wastage of water , Increase yield of crop

 People
 Farmer , Engineer , General Public , Worker ,
gardener
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Ideation Canvas

In this canvas, we have discussed about the People, activities, location, situations and possible
solutions. In this canvas we have discussed about the present scenario of our location at Dandi
Village.We have used various props as Pipes, Nozzle, Valve, Filter, Pump, Cement, etc.

 People
 Farmer  Engineer  General public 
Contractor  Labour  Worker
 Activities
• Ploughing farm
• Surface irrigation
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• Harvesting  Weeding 
Shower drugs  Farming

 Situation : Irrigation system  Context : Sprinkle

irrigation system  Location : Dandi village

 Props / Possible Solution

 Filter :- Well qualitative filter  Pump :- High
pressure pump
• Pipe :- Strong pipe
• Tank :- Large tank
 Long durability materials

INTRODUCTION ABOUT IRRIGATION SYSTEM

The crop yield from an agricultural land depends upon a number of factors, but the most
important factor is that the crops get adequate water at the various stages of the grow of plants.
The natural supply of water to the agricultural land is through rain. If the rainfall is adequate to
meet the total water requirements of the crop and it occurs at the time when the crops require it,
then irrigation is not required.
But, India is a tropical country with vast diversity of climate, topography and vegetation.
Rainfall in India varies considerably from place to place as well as in its amount. Even at a
particular place, the rainfall is highly irratic and irregular, as it occurs only during a few
particular months of the year.
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In order to get the maximum yield of crops, it is necessary to supply the optimum quantity of
water, and to maintain correct timing of water. This possible only through a systematic irrigation
system.

OBJECTIVES :
- Increase the yield of crops
- Growing perennial crops
- Growing a number of crops during a year
- Modern efficiently use of rain water

DEFINITION:

IRRIGATION:
Irrigation is defined as the process of artificially supplying water to soil for raising crops.

IRRIGATION ENGINEERING:
It is the science dealing with planning, designing, construction, operation and maintenance of
various irrigation works.

METHODS OF IRRIGATION :

Irrigation water may be applied to the crops by three basic methods:

(1) Surface irrigation methods

(2) Sprinkler irrigation methods
(3) Sub-surface irrigation methods

Irrigation methods
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Surface irrigation Sub-surface irrigation Sprinkler irrigation

Flooding method Furrow method Contour farming

Wild flooding Controlled flooding

(uncontrolled)

Free Contour Border Checks Basin Zig-zag

Flooding laterals strips basin flooding method
Choice of irrigation method:

The selection of the irrigation method is based on the following method:

(1) Topography of the area

(2) The available water supply

(3) Type of crop and its water requirements

(4) Size of the stream supplying irrigation water

(5) Amount of water required in each irrigation

(6) Possible erosion hazard of soil

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PROBLEM AND ITS SOLUTION :

Problem :

We have taken Dandi village of Navsari district, which is located in Navsari taluka.

As per last 2-3 years scenario, the rainfall is occurring at non uniform rate in this area. Due to
this, crops can not growth in its natural ways. Sometimes, due to heavy rainfall, it eliminate the
crops and make bad effect on the crops.

So, because of the irregularity of the rainfall, it affects the monsoon crops. Also rainwater during
rainy season runoff as a waste water which is affecting winter crop also.

In this area, there is also an one problem of sodium present in the soil due to nearer sea. After the
time of monsoon , the salty water is made available from the wells and tube wells, etc. We can
not say its level in ground, it varies from place to place and time to time. So winter crop is also
effected due to this reason sometimes.

Solution :
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So, we are providing an modern efficient irrigation system and method for increase the yield of
crop and eliminate the wastage of water.

As a solution of wastage of runoff water we are storing this runoff water in a storage tank at a
location where huge quantity of water is gathered .It happens only when the slope of land is
given towards the tank.We are providing the sprinkler irrigation method in this area as an
modern efficient irrigation method.And as a next semester work we are going to introduce a
system for removal of salinity of water.

 Sprinkler irrigation:

In the sprinkler irrigation method, water is applied to the land in the form of a spray. It resembles
a light rainfall in the form of a drizzle. The sprinkler irrigation is also sometimes called overhead
irrigation. The greatest advantage of sprinkler irrigation is its adaptabilities to use under
conditions where surface irrigation methods are not efficient.
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A sprinkler irrigation system consists of the following components:

(1) Pumping unit

(2) Main delivery pipes
(3) Laterals
(4) Sprinklers
(5) Other accessories

(6) Pumping unit :

The pump lifts water from a water source and supplies it to the main pipe line. Normally,
to lift water from a depth up to 5.0 m single stage centrifugal pumps is required.

(7) Main delivery pipes :

These are usually buried in the ground.
They are made of concrete, asbestos, cement, G.I., plastic or C.I. The mains are laid at a
depth 0.5 to 0.75 m below ground level.
The diameter of mains varies from 5 cm to 15 cm.

(8) Lateral pipes :

Lateral pipes are connected to the main pipe lines.
Sprinklers are fitted on the laterals with risers.
These pipes are 50 mm in diameter and 6 m long.
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(9) Sprinklers :

Sprinkler are mainly two types :

• Sprinkler with fixed head

• Sprinkler with rotating head

10.Other accessories :
• Special couplings
• Regulating valves
• Pressure gauges
• Bends, elbows, tees
• Reducers, plugs, clamps, etc.

Sprinkler systems are mainly three types :

(1) Fixed nozzle pipe

(2) Perforated pipe
(3) Rotating sprinkler

(1) Fixed nozzle pipe :

The fixed nozzle pipe type of sprinkler consists of the lateral pipes having a line of small holes
drilled at the top at some regular interval along their lengths and on each of these holes small
nozzles are fitted. A series of such pipes are installed parallel to each other at a distance of about
15 m apart and are supported on rows of posts. The spray of water is developed through the
nozzles and the entire 15 m width between the pipelines may be irrigated by turning the pipes
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through 13 5 ̊. This type of sprinkler was the early system. These days it is rarely used in
practice.

(2) Perforated pipe sprinkler :

In this method, lateral pipes are perforated. The perforations in the lateral pipes are drilled on the
top surface and sides in a specially designed pattern to spray the water uniformly. The lateral
pipes are placed on the land surface at a suitable spacing. When the water is supplied to the
lateral pipes, it comes out the perforations in the form of spray. The sprays are directed from both
the sides of the pipe and can cover a strip of land of 6 to 15 m width. Fig. 3.14 shows a
perforated pipe. The rate of application of water is usually greater than 2 cm depth per hour. The
operating pressure for these sprinklers is usually in the range of 50 to 250 k N/m2.This type of
sprinkler system is generally used for irrigation of orchards and nurseries.
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(3) Rotating sprinkler :

The rotating sprinkler consists of one or two nozzles mounted on a body which is rotated slowly
about vertical axis by the action of a deflecting vane connected to it. The jet of water issuing
from one of the nozzles impinges on the vane and thrusts it aside.

The rotating sprinklers are placed on the riser pipes and are located just above the crops to be
irrigated. As such the height of the riser pipes depends upon the maximum height of the crop.
However, the minimum height of the rise pipe is 0.3 m when the riser pipe is of 25 mm diameter
and 0.15 m when it is of 20 mm diameter. The riser pipes along with the sprinklers are fixed at
regular intervals along the length of the lateral pipes and their spacing is so adjusted that the
water spread areas of the adjacent sprinklers partially overlap with each other in order to achieve
uniform application of water.

The required discharge of each sprinkler depends upon the water application rate, spacing of
the sprinklers along the lateral pipelines and the spacing of the lateral pipelines along the main
pipeline.
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Rotating Sprinkler
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Advantages of sprinkler irrigation :

 Elimination of the channels for conveyance, therefore no conveyance loss

 Suitable to all types of soil except heavy clay

 Suitable for irrigating crops where the plant population per unit area is very high.It is most
suitable for oil seeds and other cereal and vegetable crops .

 Water saving

 Closer control of water application convenient for giving light and frequent irrigation and
higher water application efficiency

 Increase in yield

 Mobility of system

 May also be used for undulating area

 Saves land as no bunds etc. are required

 Influences greater conducive micro-climate

 Areas located at a higher elevation than the source can be irrigated

 Possibility of using soluble fertilizers and chemicals

 Less problem of clogging of sprinkler nozzles due to sediment laden water

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FUTURE WORK

At present what we done in the present semester is given in the above progress report. Now, we
have found that in the our location of project there was a problem of saline water is generated
due to the nearer sea area. The salinity of water will decrease the growth of a crop and it will
affect the yield of a crops.

Therefore, as a future work we are going to remove this salinity from water and make it useful
for an irrigation water. For that we will introduce a desalination plant for removing salinity from
water.

Conclusion

• Reliable and efficient system for irrigation.

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• Performance of sprinkler and drip irrigation system prove

strongly depended on quality of design and materials
selected. Inadequate management and variations in pressure
are other main causes of low performance of these
potentially efficient methods.
• Field evolution of field irrigation performance is an essential
tool to improve management and introduction of irrigation
scheduling methods.