Archimedes' Principle and Buoyancy Force (Fluid Exp 2)

FLUID MECHANICS LABORATORY
Duhok Polytechnic University

Technical College of Engineering
Chemical Engineering Department
Lecturer's Name: Experiment No. (2)
Mr. Kawar Abid Group (A2)
Title of Experiment:
Archimedes’ Principle And Buoyancy Force
Student Name:
Hayder Hassan Hussain
Date Expt. Performed:
17/01/2022
Date Report Submitted:
24/01/2022
Introduction:
We are aware that some objects float on some fluids, submerged to differing
extents: ice cubes float in water almost completely submerged, while corks float
almost completely on the surface. Even the objects that sink appear to weigh less
when they are submerged in the fluid than when they are not. These effects are due
to the existence of an upward ‘buoyant force’ that will act on the submerged object.
This force is caused by the pressure in the fluid being increased with depth below
the surface, so that the pressure near the bottom of the object is greater than the
pressure near the top. The difference of these pressures results in the effective
‘buoyant force’, which is described by the Archimedes’ principle.
According to this principle, the buoyant force FB on an object completely or partially

submerged in a fluid is equal to the weight of the fluid that the (submerged part of
the) object displaces:
FB = mf g = ρfVg
where ρf is the density of the fluid, mf and V are respectively

mass and the volume of the displaced fluid (which is equal
to the volume of the submerged part of the object) and g is
the gravitational acceleration constant.
Objective:
A- To study buoyant force as a function of submersed volume.

B- To verify Archimedes’ Principle.
C- To use Archimedes Principle to determine the densities of a solid sample
and a liquid sample.
Equipment:
Graduated cylinder Digital balance Vernier
Ruler String Extra masses
Beakers Jar
Procedure:
Part 1: Finding the buoyant force of a liquid on the submerged pieces.
1- First, we calculate the mass of each piece, then look for the mass of the block
and the water jar and convert it to weight.
2- We figure out how much the missing bits weigh in air and liquid.
3- Finally, when the pieces are immersed in the fluid, we calculate the volume and
weight of the fluid displaced, which is equal to the buoyant force of the fluid.
Part 2: We use the beaker to increase the volume of displaced water
1. In the jar, we place one of the blocks and observe how it sinks to the bottom.
2. We place the same bulk in a beaker and observe how it partially submerges.
3. Finally, before the beaker sinks into the jar, we increase the lumps in the cups
to the maximum level. We find and record the mass of the beaker by the mass
of the component in the result. The bouncing force Fb on the beaker is equal to
the gravitational acceleration of its mass.
4. As a result, we check the outcome using Archimedes' method.
The height and diameter of one cup are then measured using a Vernier caliper.
Discussion:
1- A 1000 cm3 gold brick (ρ = 19.3 g / cm3, so mass = 19.3 kg) and a 1000
cm3 aluminum brick (ρ = 2.7 g/cm3, so mass = 2.7 kg) are immersed in
water. Which brick experiences the greater buoyant force? Justify your
answer.
Because they are the same volume, they will displace the same amount of
water, resulting in the same buoyancy force.
2- Why is it easier to float in the sea than in a river or swimming pool?

The dissolved salt in the sea contributes to the bulk of the water, making it
denser. Objects float easier in the sea than in a river or a swimming pool
because they float better on a dense surface.
3- How can a ship have made of steel (ρ steel = 7.88 g/cm3) float in water?
It's shaped to displace its own weight in the water.
4- Explain how a hot air balloon flies?

Because hot air has a lower density than cool air, the balloon rises simply
because it is lighter than an equal volume of cold air. Buoyancy is the upward
force exerted by the air, which enables hot-air balloons and blimps stay aloft.
A burner in a hot air balloon heats the air inside the balloon.
Conclusion:
Practically the Archimedes principle allows the buoyancy of an object

partially or wholly immersed in a liquid to be calculated. The downward force on
the object is simply its weight. The upward, or buoyant force on the object is that
stated by Archimedes principle above. Thus, the net upward force on the object is
the difference between the buoyant force and its weight. If this net force is positive
the object rises if negative the object sinks and if zero the object is neutrally buoyant
that, is it remains in place without either rising or sinking. But in relation to the
experiment done which explains the main thought of the Archimedes principle
which tells that it is mainly about the upward force or the buoyant force applied by
the liquid to a certain object being submerged to it. It is the weight of the body in air
minus the weight of the body in liquid is the weight displaced of the liquid which is
the total weight countered by the liquid. This is explained why objects weigh less in
liquid.
Error:
The errors that I encountered in this experiment are the irregular shape of the
weights, which in turn affected the balance of the beaker, which led to the entry of a
little water into its interior and thus affects the calculations of the experiment

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FLUID MECHANICS LABORATORY

Duhok Polytechnic University

Lecturer's Name: Experiment No. (2)

Mr. Kawar Abid Group (A2)

Archimedes’ Principle And Buoyancy Force

Hayder Hassan Hussain

Date Expt. Performed:

Date Report Submitted:

According to this principle, the buoyant force FB on an object completely or partially

where ρf is the density of the fluid, mf and V are respectively

A- To study buoyant force as a function of submersed volume.

Graduated cylinder Digital balance Vernier

Ruler String Extra masses

Part 1: Finding the buoyant force of a liquid on the submerged pieces.

Part 2: We use the beaker to increase the volume of displaced water

4. As a result, we check the outcome using Archimedes' method.

2- Why is it easier to float in the sea than in a river or swimming pool?

4- Explain how a hot air balloon flies?

Practically the Archimedes principle allows the buoyancy of an object

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