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    Iii. Channel Design

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    Jose Carlo Dizon
    The document discusses the design of conveyance channels, noting that earth canals are commonly used due to low cost but have disadvantages like seepage and erosion. It also covers lined canals, flow velocities, design of open channels using Manning's equation, sample problems, and determining dimensions for efficient canal cross sections based on factors like discharge, velocity, and side slopes.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Iii. Channel Design

    Uploaded by

    Jose Carlo Dizon
    330 views21 pages
    The document discusses the design of conveyance channels, noting that earth canals are commonly used due to low cost but have disadvantages like seepage and erosion. It also covers lined canals, flow velocities, design of open channels using Manning's equation, sample problems, and determining dimensions for efficient canal cross sections based on factors like discharge, velocity, and side slopes.

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    III. CHANNEL DESIGN

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    The document discusses the design of conveyance channels, noting that earth canals are commonly used due to low cost but have disadvantages like seepage and erosion. It also covers lined canals, flow velocities, design of open channels using Manning's equation, sample problems, and determining dimensions for efficient canal cross sections based on factors like discharge, velocity, and side slopes.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    330 views21 pages

    Iii. Channel Design

    Uploaded by

    Jose Carlo Dizon
    The document discusses the design of conveyance channels, noting that earth canals are commonly used due to low cost but have disadvantages like seepage and erosion. It also covers lined canals, flow velocities, design of open channels using Manning's equation, sample problems, and determining dimensions for efficient canal cross sections based on factors like discharge, velocity, and side slopes.

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    CvSU AE REVIEW CLASS 2019

    IRRIGATION AND
    DRAINAGE ENGINEERING
    Conveyance channels are mostly constructed from cheap, untreated earth
    canals because they are much easier and cheaper to build. Conveyance
    channels are designed to provide:

    1. velocity of flow such that neither serious scouring or sedimentation will


    occur;
    2. sufficient capacity to carry the design flow;
    3. hydraulic grade at the proper level to provide good water management;
    4. side slopes that are stable; and
    5. minimum initial cost and maintenance.

    CONVEYANCE CHANNEL
    1. Excessive seepage losses.
    2. Large cross sectional area needed as a result of low
    velocities.
    3. Subject to damage by burrowing of animals and erosion.
    4. Favorable to growth of weeds and moss which retard
    velocity, increase water losses due to evaporation, and
    require high annual maintenance costs.

    DISADVANTAGES OF EARTH CANALS


    Canals are usually lined with concrete, bricks, or
    colloid clay mixtures for the purpose of:
    1. Minimizing conveyance losses
    2. Preventing breaks and weed growth
    3. Decreasing erosion
    4. Retarding moss growth
    5. Increasing the canals capacity
    For unlined channels, the design flow velocity of the canal
    shall not exceed the maximum permissible velocity in order
    to avoid destructive erosion to the channel and
    progressively destroy fertile lands. The maximum permissible
    velocity depends on the resistance to erosion of the banks
    of the canal.

    FLOW VELOCITY
    For lined channels, the minimum permissible velocity shall
    be considered. However, the flow velocity shall be in no
    case too low to produce sand deposits or allow weed
    growth inside the canal. The permissible minimum velocity
    can be estimated as 0.6 m/s for plain water and 0.9 m/s
    for water with sediments.

    FLOW VELOCITY
    DESIGN OF OPEN CHANNEL
    FOR UNIFORM FLOW
    The minimum permissible velocity of 0.6 to 0.9 m/s was
    considered for designing a concrete canal. The rule of
    thumb for the roughness coefficient (n) of concrete canal is
    0.015. In the theoretical design this type of canal, the
    Manning’s Equation and the Continuity Equation are used
    simultaneously.

    NON – ERODIBLE CHANNEL


    𝟏 𝟐 Τ 𝟑 𝟏 Τ𝟐
    𝑸= 𝑹 𝑺 𝑨
    𝒏

    Q = discharge in m3/s
    n = roughness coefficient
    R = hydraulic radius in m
    S = bed slope
    A = cross – sectional area in m2
    A concrete-lined trapezoidal canal is to carry a maximum
    discharge of 2.0 m3/s. The required head loss over a
    horizontal distance of 1 km is 2.0 m. The side slope is to be
    set at 1:1 and the permissible b/d ratio is 3. If the
    Manning's roughness coefficient is 0.015, determine the
    normal depth required?

    SAMPLE PROBLEM
    The rule of thumb for the roughness coefficient (n) of
    concrete canal is 0.02. In the case of this type of channel,
    Manning’s Equation and the Continuity Equation are still
    the design equations but they are used separately.

    ERODIBLE CHANNEL
    Compute the hydraulic radius
    𝟑Τ𝟐
    𝑽∗𝒏
    𝑹=
    𝑺𝟏Τ𝟐
    Compute for the water area
    𝑸
    𝑨=
    𝑽
    Compute for the wetted perimeter
    𝑨
    𝑷=
    𝑹

    Setup the simultaneous equation, and solve algebraically.


    A trapezoidal earth canal is to be designed to irrigate a 300-
    ha rice farm. The maximum water requirement occurs during
    the land preparation period amounting to 12 mm/day. If the
    overall system efficiency is 40%, (a) determine the required
    discharge in m3/s. If the roughness coefficient n for the
    channel to be designed in problem 26 is 0.025 and, the
    bottom slope is 0.15%, side slope is 1V:1.5H and the maximum
    permissible velocity is 0.8 m/s, (b) determine the normal
    depth.

    SAMPLE PROBLEM
    “Efficient” means maximum discharge for a
    given volume of reinforced concrete.

    EFFICIENT CANAL (FOR CONCRETE)


    1. Trapezoidal Canal, Ө=60º (MOST EFFICIENT)
    A = 1.732 d2
    R = d/2
    2. Rectangular Canal, Ө=90º
    A = 2 d2
    b = 2d
    R = d/2
    3. Triangular Canal, Ө = 45º (best angle w/ the horizontal for
    triangular canals)
    A = d2

    NOTE: Ө is the side angle with the horizontal


    a) Concrete Canals
    Base b relative to depth d at side angle with the horizontal Ө:
    b = 2 d tan (Ө/2)
    b) Unlined Canals (No Concrete)
    Base b:
    b = 4 d tan (Ө/2)

    BEST HYDRAULIC CROSS SECTION OR


    BEST B – D PROPORTION
    Top Width t at water surface level:
    t = b + (2d / tan Ө)
    Total Top Width T at total depth D level:
    T = b + (2D / tan Ө)
    Determine the side slope angle of an unlined
    canal with slope ratio z of 2:1 (run: rise)?

    SAMPLE PROBLEM
    What is the total top width of the most efficient
    concrete open channel if design depth is 5
    meters? Design discharge is 100 m3/s and
    velocity is 2 m/s. Use 15% freeboard.

    SAMPLE PROBLEMS
    What is the base of the most efficient
    trapezoidal concrete open channel if
    discharge is 100 m3/s and velocity is 2 m/s.

    SAMPLE PROBLEM
    What is the bottom width for best
    hydraulic cross-section of unlined
    open channel for minimum seepage
    if design depth is 5 meters and side
    slope is 45º?

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