Cottons MECHANICAL ENERGY NUMERICALS

MECHANICAL ENERGY
NUMERICALS
(Exercise -2B)
Equations used are :
U =mgh
K=1/2mv2
mgh=1/2 mv2
increase in kinetic energy = work done by a
force
K1-K2 = FxS
½ mv^2 – 1/2mu^2 = Fx S (Work-energy
theorem)
1.Two bodies of equal masses are placed at

heights h and 2h. Find the ratio of their
gravitational potential energies.
Sol: mgh : mg2h = 1:2

P1 : P2 = 1:2
2.Find the gravitational potential energy of
1kg mass kept at a height of 5m above the
ground, Calculate the kinetic energy when it
falls and hits the ground, if g=10m/s2.
U=mgh
When the mass falls its PE is
converted to KE,
U=K
mgh = 1/2mv^2
U= mgh =1x10x5 = 50J
K = 50J
3.A box of weight 150kgf has the

gravitational potential energy stored in it
equal to 14700J. Find the height of the box
above the ground. (g=9.8N/kg)
U = mgh
14700J = 150kg x9.8xh
h=14700 / 150x9.8
= 10m
4.A body of mass 5kg falls from a height of
10m to 4m. Calculate :
i) The loss in the potential energy of
the body .
ii) The total energy possessed by the
body at any instant. (g= 10m/s2).
i) U1-U2 = mgh1-mgh2
=mg(h1-h2)
=5 x 10(10-4)
Loss in PE = 5x 10x6 =300J
ii) Total energy possessed at any instant
is equal to the GPE possessed at the
maximum height
= mgh1
=5 x 10 x 10 =500J
5.Calculate the height through which a

body of mass 0.5kg is lifted, if the energy
spent in doing so is 1J. (g=10m/s2)
U = mgh
1J = 0.5 x 10 x h
h= 1 / 0.5 x 10 = 0.2m
6. A boy weighing 25kgf climbs up from the
first floor at a height of 3m above the
ground to the third floor at a height of 9m
above the ground. What will be the
increase in the gravitational potential
energy? (g= 10N/kg)
Increase in PE = mg(h1-h2)
= 25x10x(9-3)
= 1500J
7. A vessel containing 50kg of water is

placed at a height of 15m above the ground.
Assuming the gravitational potential energy
at the ground to be zero, what will the
gravitational potential energy of the water in
the vessel be? ( g= 10m/s2 )
Potential energy of water in vessel = mgh
=50x15x10 =7500J
8. A man of mass 50 kg climbs up a ladder of

height 10m. Calculate :
i) The work done by the man.
ii) The increase in his potential
energy.(g=9.8m/s2 )
i) W = FxS
=50x9.8x10 = 4900J
ii) Work done is stored as
increase in PE
= 4900J
9. A block A weighing 100N is pulled up a

slope of length 5m by means of a constant
force F (=100N) as shown below:
3m 5m
F
i) What is the work done by the force F in

moving the block A , 5m along the
slope?
ii) What is the increase in potential energy
of the block A?
iii) Account for the difference in the work
done by the force and the increase in
the potential energy of the block.
i) Work done = FxS

= 100N x 5m =500J
ii) Increase in PE = mgh
= 100 x 3m = 300J
iii) Difference in energy = 200J
Which is used for doing work
against friction between block and
surface of slope.
10. Find the kinetic energy of a body of

mass 1kg moving with a uniform velocity
10m/s.
K = ½ mv2
= ½ x 1 x 10 x10 = 50J
11. If the speed of a car is halved, how does
its kinetic energy change?
K1=1/2mv2
K2=1/ 2m x 1/4 v2
K1/ K2 = 1/2mv2÷1/8 mv2
K1/K2 = 4/1
K2= ¼ OF K1
12. Calculate the decrease in the kinetic
energy of a moving body if its velocity
reduces to half of the initial velocity.
Same calculation as previous question.
13. Two bodies of equal masses are moving

with uniform velocities v and 2v. Find the ratio
of their kinetic energies.
K1= ½ mv2
K2 = 1/2m 4v2
K1/k2 = 1/2mv2 ÷2mv2
K1/k2 = 1/4= 1:4
14. A car is running at a speed of 15km/h,

while another similar car is moving at a speed
of 45km/h. Find the ratio of their kinetic
energies.
Similar cars therefore mass is same

K1/k2 = 1/2mx 225 / 1/2mx 2025
=1:9
15. A ball of mass 0.5kg slows down from a
speed of 5m/s to that of 3m/s. Calculate the
change in kinetic energy of the ball.
K1= ½ x .5 x 25 = 6.25 J
K2 = ½ x .5 x 9 = 2.25 J
K1-k2 = 4J
16. A cannon ball of mass 500g is fired with a

speed of 15m/s . Find:
i) its kinetic energy
ii)its momentum
i) K=1/2mv2
= ½ x0.5kg x 152
= 56.25J
ii) momentum = mv
= 0.5kg x 15= 7.5kg m/s
17. A body of mass 10kg is moving with a
velocity of 20m/s. If the mass of the body is
doubled and its velocity is halved , find:
i) the initial kinetic energy
ii) the final kinetic energy
(hw)
18. A truck weighing 1000kgf changes its
speed from 36km/h to 72km/h in 2 minutes.
Calculate
i) the work done by the engine
ii) its power , (g=10m/s2)
v = 36km/h = 36 x 5/18 m/s =10 m/s
i) K1=1/2mv2 = 1/2x1000x102
= 50000J
K2 = ½ mv2= 1/2x1000x202
= 200000J
Work done by engine is the kinetic energy
of the truck
K1-k2 = 200000-50000 = 1.5 x 105 J
Ii ) power = work/time = 1.5x105 / 2x60
1250W
19. A body of mass 60kg has the momentum

3000kgm/s. Calculate:
i) the kinetic energy
ii) the speed of the body
i) K = p2/2m
= 30002/2x60
= 7.5 x 104 J
ii) K=1/2mv2
7.5x104 = ½ x 60 x v2
V=50m/s
20. How much work is needed to be done on a

ball of mass 50g to give a momentum of
5kgm/s?
Work done = kinetic energy gained
K=p2/2m
= 52 / 2x 0.05kg
= 250J
21. How much energy is gained by a box of

mass 20kg when a man :
a)carrying the box waits for 5mins for the bus
b) runs carrying the box with a speed of 3m/s
to catch the bus?
c)raises the box by 0.5m in order to place it
inside the bus? (g=10m/s2)
a) no work is done, so no energy gained
b) k= 1/2mv2 = ½ x 20 x 32 = 90J
c) PE = mgh = 20x10x.5 = 100J
22. A bullet of mass 50g is moving with a

velocity of 500m/s. It penetrates 10cm into a
still target and comes to rest. Calculate:
a) the kinetic energy possessed by the bullet
b)the average retarding force offered by the
target.
a) K = 1/2mv2 = ½ x 0.05kg x 5002 = 6250 J
b) KE = Work done by retarding force
6250 J = F x S
6250 J = F x 0.1m
F = 6250 / 0.1 = 62500N
23. A spring is kept compressed by a small

trolley of mass 0.5kg lying on a smooth
horizontal surface as shown in the figure.
When the trolley is released, it is found to
move at a speed v=2m/s. What potential
energy did the spring process when
compressed?
Trolley
Spring v
KE of trolley = Elastic PE of spring

1/2mv2 = PE
½ x 0.5 x 22 = 1 J
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MECHANICAL ENERGY

1.Two bodies of equal masses are placed at

Sol: mgh : mg2h = 1:2

3.A box of weight 150kgf has the

5.Calculate the height through which a

7. A vessel containing 50kg of water is

8. A man of mass 50 kg climbs up a ladder of

9. A block A weighing 100N is pulled up a

i) What is the work done by the force F in

i) Work done = FxS

10. Find the kinetic energy of a body of

13. Two bodies of equal masses are moving

14. A car is running at a speed of 15km/h,

Similar cars therefore mass is same

16. A cannon ball of mass 500g is fired with a

19. A body of mass 60kg has the momentum

20. How much work is needed to be done on a

21. How much energy is gained by a box of

22. A bullet of mass 50g is moving with a

23. A spring is kept compressed by a small

KE of trolley = Elastic PE of spring

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