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    Molecular Biology Introduction

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    DANIELLA LOMA CAPONPON
    Molecular biology is the study of biological processes at the molecular level. It focuses on nucleic acids like DNA and RNA, which contain genetic information, and proteins, which carry out functions in living organisms. A central concept is that DNA is transcribed into RNA and then translated into protein. The field began developing in the 1930s with contributions from genetics, biochemistry, and physics, and key experiments in the 1940s-1950s helped establish DNA as the genetic material and uncover the structure of DNA. RNA structural biology has also become increasingly important, with discoveries of RNA structures like introns and the ribosome.

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    Molecular Biology Introduction

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    DANIELLA LOMA CAPONPON
    66 views8 pages
    Molecular biology is the study of biological processes at the molecular level. It focuses on nucleic acids like DNA and RNA, which contain genetic information, and proteins, which carry out functions in living organisms. A central concept is that DNA is transcribed into RNA and then translated into protein. The field began developing in the 1930s with contributions from genetics, biochemistry, and physics, and key experiments in the 1940s-1950s helped establish DNA as the genetic material and uncover the structure of DNA. RNA structural biology has also become increasingly important, with discoveries of RNA structures like introns and the ribosome.

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    Molecular biology is the study of biological processes at the molecular level. It focuses on nucleic acids like DNA and RNA, which contain genetic information, and proteins, which carry out functions in living organisms. A central concept is that DNA is transcribed into RNA and then translated into protein. The field began developing in the 1930s with contributions from genetics, biochemistry, and physics, and key experiments in the 1940s-1950s helped establish DNA as the genetic material and uncover the structure of DNA. RNA structural biology has also become increasingly important, with discoveries of RNA structures like introns and the ribosome.

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    66 views8 pages

    Molecular Biology Introduction

    Uploaded by

    DANIELLA LOMA CAPONPON
    Molecular biology is the study of biological processes at the molecular level. It focuses on nucleic acids like DNA and RNA, which contain genetic information, and proteins, which carry out functions in living organisms. A central concept is that DNA is transcribed into RNA and then translated into protein. The field began developing in the 1930s with contributions from genetics, biochemistry, and physics, and key experiments in the 1940s-1950s helped establish DNA as the genetic material and uncover the structure of DNA. RNA structural biology has also become increasingly important, with discoveries of RNA structures like introns and the ribosome.

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    MOLECULAR

    BIOLOGY
    INTRODUCTION

    SHERWIN B. TORIANO, RMT, MSMT


    ➢ Molecular biology is the branch of biology that
    concerns the molecular basis of biological activity in
    and between cells, including molecular synthesis,
    modification, mechanisms and interactions.

    ➢ While researchers practice techniques specific to


    molecular biology, it is common to combine these
    with methods from genetics and biochemistry.
    ➢ In its modern sense, molecular biology attempts to explain the
    phenomena of life starting from the macromolecular properties that
    generate them. Two categories of macromolecules, in particular, are
    the focus of the molecular biologist:
    1) nucleic acids, among which the most famous is deoxyribonucleic
    acid (or DNA), the constituent of genes
    2) proteins, which are the active agents of living organisms.
    ➢ The central dogma of
    molecular biology describes
    the process in which DNA is
    transcribed into RNA, then
    translated into protein.
    1930s

    ➢ The history of molecular biology begins in the 1930s with the convergence
    of various, previously distinct biological and physical disciplines: genetics
    biochemistry, microbiology, virology and physics. With the hope of
    understanding life at its most fundamental level, numerous physicists and
    chemists also took an interest in what would become molecular biology.

    ➢ In 1940, George Beadle and Edward Tatum demonstrated the existence


    of a precise relationship between genes and proteins. From the genetics
    mainstay Drosophila, they used a more appropriate model organism, the
    fungus Neurospora; the construction and exploitation of new model
    organisms would become a recurring theme in the development of
    molecular biology.
    1940s

    ➢ In 1944, Oswald Avery, working at the Rockefeller Institute of New York,


    demonstrated that genes are made up of DNA (Avery–MacLeod–McCarty
    experiment).

    ➢ In 1952, Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase confirmed that the genetic
    material of the bacteriophage, the virus which infects bacteria, is made
    up of DNA (Hershey–Chase experiment).
    1950s

    ➢ In 1953, James Watson and Francis Crick discovered the double helical
    structure of the DNA molecule based on the discoveries made by Rosalind
    Franklin.

    ➢ In 1961, François Jacob and Jacques Monod demonstrated that the


    products of certain genes regulated the expression of other genes by
    acting upon specific sites at the edge of those genes. They also
    hypothesized the existence of an intermediary between DNA and its
    protein products, which they called messenger RNA.
    1990s

    ➢ The resurgence of RNA structural biology in the mid-1990s has caused a


    veritable explosion in the field of nucleic acid structural research. Some
    of the most noteworthy examples include the structures of the Group I
    and Group II introns, and the Ribosome solved by Nenad Ban and
    colleagues.

    ➢ Most recently, the 2009 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to Ada
    Yonath, Venkatraman Ramakrishnan and Thomas Steitz for their
    structural work on the ribosome, demonstrating the prominent role RNA
    structural biology has taken in modern molecular biology.

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