an elderly shepherd named Magnets, who was herding his sheep in an area of Northern Greece called Magnesia, about 4,000 years ago.
It is said that both the nails in his
shoes and the metal tip of his staff became firmly stuck to the large, black rock on which he was standing. This type of rock was later named magnetite, after either Magnesia or Magnets himself. Magnets are in most electronic devices, in fact, anything that has a motor uses a magnet. They are used to slow down roller coasters and subways.
More uses of magnets are found every day!
Magnets around the House: Headphones Refrigerator magnets Computer speakers Telephone receivers Phone ringers Microwave tubes Seal around refrigerator door Plug-in battery eliminators Floppy disk recording and reading head Audio tape recording and playback head Video tape recording and playback head Credit card magnetic strip TV deflection coil Computer monitor Computer hard drive Shower curtain weights / attach to tub Power supply transformers How do magnets help in a scrap yard? A car is made up of many different materials. When a car is scrapped the different types of metals need to be sorted. A huge rotating magnet is used to sort the magnetic materials from the non-magnetic materials. Separating the materials allows them to be reused. Magnetic materials
Non-magnetic materials: Non-magnetic materials are not attracted to magnets e.g. Metals like brass, copper, zinc, tin , aluminium and non-metals like wood , plastic etc Magnetic or non-magnetic?
horseshoe magnet What are magnets? Magnets are made from magnetic materials, such as iron and steel. These are metals that can be magnetised or are attracted to a magnet.
Bar magnets are permanent magnets. This means they
Attraction and repulsion What happens if you bring two bar magnets together? ⚫ If a north pole and a south pole are brought together, they attract and the magnets are pulled together
⚫ If two north poles or two south poles are brought together,
they repel and the magnets push each other apart.
We say that unlike poles attract, and like poles repel.
A bar magnet cut into halves always makes new, complete magnets with both a north and a south pole. The poles always come in pairs, and the separation of a pair into single poles, called monopoles, has never been accomplished. When an unmagnetized substance is placed in a magnetic field, the substance can become magnetized. This happens when the spinning electrons line up in the same direction. Methods of Magnetisation • BY INDUCTION: Placing a piece of steel near a magnet makes it permanently magnetised, but its magnetism is usually weak. • BY STROKING: The magnet can be magnetized more strongly by stroking it with one end of a magnet. • ELECTRICAL METHOD: The best way of magnetizing is to place the steel bar in a long coil of wire and pass a large, direct (one way) current through the coil. The coil has a magnetic effect which magnetizes the steel. Methods of Magnetisation: a) By Induction:
Placing a piece of steel N S
near a magnet makes it permanently magnetised, but its S
magnetism is usually N weak. A North pole induces a North pole in the far end. Induced Magnetism
When a piece of unmagnetised magnetic material touches
or is brought near to the pole of a permanent magnet, it becomes a magnet itself. The magnetism is induced. A North pole induces a North pole in the far end. OR The process by which a substance, such as iron or steel, becomes magnetized by a magnetic field. The induced magnetism is produced by the force of the field radiating from the poles of a magnet. Single Stroke Method:
Wide sweep away
from the steel
N S Induced poles
The magnet can be magnetized more
strongly by stroking it with one end of a magnet Electrical Method:
Steel
Coil
The best way of magnetizing is to
place the steel bar in a long coil of wire and pass a large, direct (one way) current through the coil. The coil has a magnetic effect which magnetizes the steel. What is a magnetic field?
The region around a magnet where it has a magnetic
effect is called its magnetic field.
When a magnetic material
is placed in a magnetic field it will experience a force.
The iron filings feel the
effect of the magnetic field and line up along the direction of the forces in this region.
The shape of a magnetic field can be shown by drawing
magnetic field lines. These always point from the north pole of a magnet to the south pole, along the direction of the magnetic forces in each region. Where is the magnetic field strongest?
People have used magnetism to navigate for hundreds of
years. The Earth’s iron core creates a magnetic field. The north poles of magnets, such as compass needles, are attracted to the North Pole of the Earth. But if like poles repel, why is the north pole of a magnet attracted to the North Pole of the Earth? These poles were named before magnetism was properly understood. The ‘Magnetic North Pole’ of the Earth is really a magnetic south pole. Do you think that you would be able to use a compass to navigate on other planets, or on the moon?
The circuit for a door bell includes an electromagnet.
When the circuit is closed, the
electromagnet pulls the armature towards it, causing the hammer to strike the bell. The movement of the armature breaks the circuit, and the hammer returns to its original position. This sequence repeats, causing the bell to sound continuously.
