The Philippine in Ancient Times

THE PHILIPPINES IN ANCIENT TIMES
(200,000 B.C. -1300 A.D.)

SOCIAL CLASSES
NOBLES
FREEMEN
DEPENDENTS
NOBLES
NOBLES
❖ Upper class
❖ Maharlika
❖ Composed of chiefs and their
families
❖ Highly respected in the community
NOBLES
❖ In the Tagalog region, they usually carried the

title of Gat or Lakan
❖ One finds these words today in some
surnames like Lakandula (Lakan Dula),
Lakanilaw (Lakan Haw), Gatmaitan (Gat
Maitan), Gatchalian (Gat Saiian), Gatbonton
(Gat Bunton) and many others.
NOBLES
FREEMEN
DEPENDENTS
FREEMEN
FREEMEN
❖ Middle class
❖ “Timawa”
NOBLES
FREEMEN
DEPENDENTS
DEPENDENTS
❖ Lower Class
❖ “Alipin”
❖ Acquired by captivity in battle
❖ By failing to pay one’s debts
❖ By inheritance
❖ By purchase
❖ By being pronounce guilty of a crime
DEPENDENTS
❖ Among the Tagalogs, the

dependents were classified into
aliping namamahay and aliping
sagigilid.
DEPENDENTS
❖ The aliping namamahay had his own

house and family. “SERFS”
❖ He served his master by planting and
harvesting his master’s crop, by rowing
the master’s boat, and by helping in the
construction of the master’s house.
DEPENDENTS
❖ The aliping sagigilid had no house

of his own, he lived with his
master, and could not marry
without the latter’s consent.
❖ “SLAVES”
DEPENDENTS
❖ Among the Visayans, the

dependents were of three kinds:
the tumataban, tumarampuk,
and the ayuey.
DEPENDENTS
❖ The tumataban, worked for his master

when told to do so.
❖ The tumarampuk, worked one day a
week for his master
❖ The ayuey, worked three days a week
for his master
MARRIAGE CUSTOM
MARRIAGE CUSTOM
❖ In most cases, a woman of one

class is married into the same
class.
MARRIAGE CUSTOM
❖ A man could marry as many women

as he could support.
❖ Legitimate & Illegitimate.
❖ Legitimated
MARRIAGE CUSTOM
❖ Courtship during that period of

Philippine history was long and
difficult.
MARRIAGE CUSTOM
❖ A man served the parents of the girl he

loved for years.
❖ He chopped wood, fetched water, and
did errands for the girl’s parents.
MARRIAGE CUSTOM
❖ When accepted by the latter, the

marriage was then arranged.
MARRIAGE CUSTOM
❖ The man was required to give a

dowry, called bigay-kaya, which
usually consisted of a piece of land
or gold.
MARRIAGE CUSTOM
❖ To the parents of the girl, the man

must give a gift called panghimuyat.
MARRIAGE CUSTOM
❖ To the girl’s wet-nurse, the man must

also give a gift called bigay-suso.
MARRIAGE CUSTOM
❖ These arrangement were made by the

parents of the bride and the groom.
MARRIAGE CUSTOM
❖ The marriage ceremony was simple.

❖ It consisted of the groom and the bride drinking from the same cup.
❖ Then the old man would announce that the ceremony was about to
begin.
❖ A priestess would bow to the assembled guests and then would take the
hands of the couple and join them over a plate of uncooked rice.
❖ She would then shout and throw rice to the guests.
❖ The latter would respond with a loud shout and the ceremony was over.
TRIAL BY ORDEAL
TRIAL BY ORDEAL
❖ To determine who of the

disputants was right or telling
the truth.
TRIAL BY ORDEAL
❖ As a practiced in the Philippines,

the trial by ordeal consisted of
ordering the suspects, in case of
theft, to dip their hands into a pot
of boiling water.
TRIAL BY ORDEAL
❖ The suspect whose candle

died out first was the guilty
party.
TRIAL BY ORDEAL
❖ Ordering suspects to plunge

into a deep river with their
lances.
TRIAL BY ORDEAL
❖ The one who rises to the

surface first was pronounces
guilty.
TRIAL BY ORDEAL
❖ Ordering the suspects to chew

uncooked rice.
TRIAL BY ORDEAL
❖ The one whose saliva was

thickest was the culprit.
BURIAL
BURIAL
❖ Ancient Filipinos believed in the

life hereafter and the relationship
between the living and the dead,
which made them respect the
memory of the dead.
BURIAL
❖ When a relative died, he/she

was placed in a coffin and
buried under his/her house.
BURIAL
❖ The living relatives placed his/her cloth,

gold, and other valuables in the coffin.
❖ This was done because the ancient
Filipino believed that in this way, the
dead relative would be gladly received in
the Other World.
BURIAL
❖ Mourning for a woman was

distinguished from that of a man
such that the former was called
morotal and the latter was called
maglahi.
BURIAL
❖ Mourning for a dead chieftain

was called laraw.
BURIAL
❖ When his death had been announced, all quarrels,

and even petty wars, were stopped. Spears were
carried with the tips pointing downwards: daggers
were carried hilts reversed; singing in boats was
prohibited and the wearing of “loud or bright” clothes
was also prohibited.

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THE PHILIPPINES IN ANCIENT TIMES

(200,000 B.C. -1300 A.D.)

❖ In the Tagalog region, they usually carried the

❖ Among the Tagalogs, the

❖ The aliping namamahay had his own

❖ The aliping sagigilid had no house

❖ Among the Visayans, the

❖ The tumataban, worked for his master

❖ In most cases, a woman of one

❖ A man could marry as many women

❖ Courtship during that period of

❖ A man served the parents of the girl he

❖ When accepted by the latter, the

❖ The man was required to give a

❖ To the parents of the girl, the man

❖ To the girl’s wet-nurse, the man must

❖ These arrangement were made by the

❖ The marriage ceremony was simple.

❖ To determine who of the

❖ As a practiced in the Philippines,

❖ The suspect whose candle

❖ Ordering suspects to plunge

❖ The one who rises to the

❖ Ordering the suspects to chew

❖ The one whose saliva was

❖ Ancient Filipinos believed in the

❖ When a relative died, he/she

❖ The living relatives placed his/her cloth,

❖ Mourning for a woman was

❖ Mourning for a dead chieftain

❖ When his death had been announced, all quarrels,

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