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Initial expansion
- The company expanded by opening more 31.........to increase market share in
England.
- They could raise capital by reducing the number of branches in southern 32...........

Consultation
- They closed the 33...........of the convenience stores in Oxford.
- Over 200 staff had to be transferred and 34..............
- A new brand image was established to focus on selling 35...........

The future way

- A 36............was assigned to hold each discussion.
- Retail stores should be flexible in making 37..........
- Changes should be introduced in 38............ so that the staff can become
accustomed to the new rules.

Conclusion
- Be open-minded about the 39............for expansion they choose.
- Companies have saved costs by changing the structure of the 40....................of
department stores.

TEST 5
SECTION 1
Complete the notes below.
Write ONE WORD AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.

INCIDENT REPORT

Example
Name: Anna Lumley

Telephone: 1.....................

Date of arrival: 2.....................

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Address: 235 3............... Road, East sea

The total value of insurance: $ 4...................

Missing items:
- lamps and chairs (not expensive)

- furniture and 5...................

- a rocking horse, some 6............. and fruit bowls

Items ordered: - a clock

- a 7................

Damaged items: - the 8................needs to be replaced

- a 9.................of one of the dining chairs is split

- four 10........... were broken

SECTION 2
Question 11 - 17
Label the plane below
Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS or each answers.

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Question 18 - 20
Choose the correct letter, A, B or C.

18 What kind of food does the restaurant serve every day?

A. seafood
B. barbecue
C. vegetables

19 What is the feature of the Tiki room?

A. It’s best for newly-wed couples.

B. It’s suitable for families with children.
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C. It's a good fit for business people.

20 What did the hotel win an award for recently?

A. good service
B. good facilities
C. environmental protection

SECTION 3

Question 21 - 25
Choose the correct letter, A, B or

21 Why did James choose to work in the bakery?

A. Because it’s close to his home.

B. Because it has a good reputation in the subject area.
C. Because it’s a part of a chain.

22 What was James surprised at in his studies?

A. He finds the theoretical courses easy.

B. He can finish the theoretical courses.
C. He finds the theoretical work interesting.

23 How is James’ course assessed in the first term?

A. The marks are given by students to each other.

B. Self-assessment.
C. It is up to the practical experience.

24 Why has Kate enquired about the English language course?

A. She wants to become an artist.

B. It is her first language.
C. She plans to curate in a gallery.

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25 What else did Kate need to get before going to the college?

A. starting date of the course

B. an offer with scholarships
C. a catalogue of modules

Questions 26-30

What statement applies to each of the following courses?

Choose FIVE answers from the box and write the correct letter, A-G, next to
questions 26-30.

A. There are a lot of background readings.

B. People stay at the studio where the course is taken.
C. Many outside speakers will give a talk.
D. It’s the most difficult course.
E. Students do their own research.
F. Students need to spend a lot of money on a camera with a good
display.
G. Expensive materials need to be bought.

26 History of Art
27 Sculpture
28 Digital Painting
29 Art Theory
30 Photography

SECTION 4

Complete the notes below.

Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer.

Birds in New Zealand

Facts

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- The birds often build their nests along the coastline or next to the 31..............
- In 1984. researchers found that there were 32.............. of this kind of bird left.
- It is difficult to 33............... the number of birds accurately.

Influencing factors

- Human activities, such as 34................ and building homes threaten the bird
population.
- The birds are influenced by many species which can eat their 35................
- Natural disasters like 36.................. can also reduce the population of the birds.

Ways of protection

- The zoo should hire a 37.............. to keep the birds from being poached
- The organizer could build 38................ to prevent the public from getting closer.
- People should make more of an effort to protect 39.................birds.
- Through the 40.................., people will learn more about bird protection

TEST 6
SECTION 1

Complete the notes below.

Write NO MORE THA N TWO WORDS A ND/OR A NUMBER

Office Rental
Example
Address: 21 North Avenue

- Type of company: 1..............

- Full name: Jonathan Smith

- Position: 2..............

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38 Bernhard Lauer said the writing style of the Grimm brothers is universal because
they
39 Jack Zipes said the pursuit of happiness in the tales means they
40 Bruno Bettelheim said the therapeutic value of the tales means that the fairy
tales

A. reflect what life was like at that time.

B. help children deal with their problems.
C. demonstrate the outdated system.
D. tell of the simplicity of life in the German countryside.
E. encourage people to believe that they can do anything.
F. recognize the heroes in the real life.
G. contribute to the belief in nature power.
H. avoid details about characters’ social settings.

TEST 5

READING PASSAGE 1
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading
Passage 1 below.

The "Extinct" Grass in Britain

Bromus interruptus, commonly known as the interrupted brome, is a plant in the true
grass family. Called interrupted brome because of its gappy seed-head, this
unprepossessing grass was found nowhere else in the world. Sharp-eyed Victorian
botanists were the first to notice it, and by the 1920s the odd-looking grass had been
found across much of southern England. Yet its decline was just as dramatic. By 1972
it had vanished from its last toehold—two hay fields at Pampisford, near Cambridge.
Even the seeds stored at the Cambridge University Botanic Garden as an insurance
policy were dead, having been mistakenly kept at room temperature. Botanists
mourned: a unique living entity was gone forever.

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Yet reports of its demise proved premature. Interrupted brome has come back from
the dead, and not through any fancy genetic engineering. Thanks to one green-
fingered botanist, interrupted brome is alive and well living as a pot plant. It's Britain's
dodo, which is about to become a phoenix, as conservationists set about relaunching
its career in the wild.

At first, Philip Smith was unaware that the scrawny pots of grass on his bench were all
that remained of a uniquely British species. But when news of the "extinction" of
Bromus interruptus finally reached him, he decided to astonish his colleagues. He
seized his opportunity at a meeting of the Botanical Society of the British Isles in
Manchester in 1979, where he was booked to talk about his research on the evolution
of the brome grasses. It was sad, he said, that interrupted brome had become extinct.
Then he whipped out two enormous pots of it. The extinct grass was very much alive.
It turned out that Smith had collected seeds from the brome's last refuge at
Pampisford in 1963, shortly before the species disappeared from the wild altogether.
Ever since then, Smith had grown the grass on, year after year. So in the end the
hapless grass survived not through some high-powered conservation scheme or fancy
genetic manipulation, but simply because one man was interested in it. As Smith
points out, interrupted brome isn't particularly attractive and has no commercial
value.

The brome's future, at least in cultivation, now seems assured. Seeds from Smith's
plants have been securely stored in the state-of-the-art Millennium Seed Bank at
Wakehurst Place in Sussex. And living plants thrive at the botanic gardens at Kew,
Edinburgh and Cambridge. This year, "bulking up" is under way to make sure there are
plenty of plants in all the gardens, and sacksful of seeds are being stockpiled at
strategic sites throughout the country. The brome's relaunch into the British
countryside is next on the agenda. English Nature has included interrupted brome in
its Species Recovery Programme, and it is on track to be reintroduced into the
agricultural landscape, if friendly farmers can be found. The brome was probably never
common enough to irritate farmers, but no one would value it today for its
productivity or its nutritious qualities. As a grass, it leaves agriculturalists cold.

So where did it come from? Smith's research into the taxonomy of the brome grasses
suggests that interrupts almost certainly mutated from another weedy grass, soft
brome, hordeaceus. So close is the relationship that interrupted brome was originally
deemed to be a mere variety of soft brome by the great Victorian taxonomist Professor

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Hackel. But in 1895, George Claridge Druce, a 45-year-old Oxford pharmacist with a
shop on the High Street, decided that it deserved species status, and convinced the
botanical world. Druce was by then well on his way to fame as an Oxford don, mayor
of the city, and a fellow of the Royal Society.

The brome's parentage may be clear, but the timing of its birth is more obscure. A clue
lies in its penchant for growing as a weed in fields sown with a fodder crop—
particularly nitrogen-fixing legumes such as sainfoin, lucerne or clover. According to
agricultural historian Joan Thirsk, sainfoin and its friends made their first modest
appearance in Britain in the early 1600s. Seeds brought in from the Continent were
sown in pastures to feed horses and other livestock. And by 1650 the legumes were
increasingly introduced into arable rotations, to serve as "green nature" to boost grain
yields. A bestseller of its day, Nathaniel Fiennes's Sainfoin Improved, published in
1671, helped to spread the word.

Although the credit for the "discovery" of interrupted brome goes to a Miss A.M.
Barnard, who collected the first specimens at Odsey, Bedfordshire, in 1849, the grass
had probably lurked undetected in the English countryside for at least a hundred years.
Smith thinks the botanical dodo probably evolved in the late 17th or early 18th
century, once sainfoin became established. The brome's fortunes then declined
dramatically over the 20th century, not least because the advent of the motor car
destroyed the market for fodder crops for horses.

Like many once-common arable weeds, such as the corncockle, the seeds of
interrupted brome cannot survive long in the soil. Each spring, the brome relied on
farmers to resow its seeds; in the days before weedkillers and sophisticated seed
sieves, an ample supply would have contaminated stocks of crop seed. But fragile
seeds are not the brome's only problem: this species is also reluctant to release its
seeds as they ripen. Show it a ploughed field today and this grass will struggle to
survive, says Smith. It will be difficult to establish in today's "improved" agricultural
landscape, inhabited by notoriously vigorous competitors.

Interrupted brome's reluctance to spread under its own steam could have advantages,
however. Any farmer willing to foster this unique contribution to the world's flora can
rest assured that the grass will never become an invasive pest. Restoring interrupted
brome to its rightful home could bring positive benefits too, once this quirky grass wins
recognition as a unique national monument. British farmers made it possible for

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interrupted brome to evolve in the first place. Let the grass grow once again in its
"natural" habitat, say the conservationists, and it could become a badge of honour for
a new breed of eco-friendly farmer.

Questions 1 - 8
Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1 ?
In boxes 1-8 on your answer sheet, write

TRUE if the statement is true

FALSE if the statement is false
NOT GIVEN if the statement is not given in the passage

1 The name of interrupted brome comes from the fact that the unprepossessing
grass disappeared from places in the world for a period.
2 Interrupted brome became extinct because they were kept accidentally at room
temperature.
3 Philip Smith worked at the University of Manchester.
4 English Nature has planned to recover the interrupted brome with seeds from
Kew Botanic Gardens.
5 Farmers in the British countryside were pleased to grow interrupted brome for
the agricultural landscape.
6 Legumes were used for feeding livestock and enriching the soil.
7 Interrupted brome grows poorly when competing with other energetic plants.
8 Only weedkillers can stop interrupted brome becoming an invasive pest.

Questions 9 - 13
Use the information in the passage to match the people (listed A-F) with opinions or
deeds below.
Write the appropriate letters A—F in boxes 9—13 on your answer sheet.

9 identified interrupted brome as another species of brome.

10 convinced others about the status of interrupted brome in the botanic world.
11 found interrupted brome together with sainfoin.
12 helped farmers know that sainfoin is useful for enriching the soil.
13 collected the first sample of interrupted brome.

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A. A.M. Barnard
B. Professor Hackel
C. George Claridge Druce
D. Joan Thirsk
E. Philip Smith
F. Nathaniel Fiennes

READING PASSAGE 2
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14-26, which are based on Reading
Passage 2 below.

The culture of Chimpanzees

Humankind's nearest relative is even doser than we thought: chimpanzees display
remarkable behaviours that can only be described as social customs passed on from
generation to generation.

A. Researchers have studied the similarities between chimpanzees and humans for
years, but in the past decade they have determined that these resemblances run much
deeper than anyone first thought. For instance, the nut cracking observed in the Tai
Forest is far from a simple chimpanzee behaviour; rather it is a singular adaptation
found only in that particular part of Africa and a trait that biologists consider to be an
expression of chimpanzee culture. Scientists frequently use the term “culture” to
describe elementary animal behaviours, but as it turns out, the rich and varied cultural
traditions found among chimpanzees are second in complexity only to human
traditions.

B. During the past two years, an unprecedented scientific collaboration, involving

every major research group studying chimpanzees, has documented a multitude of
distinct cultural patterns extending across Africa, in actions ranging from the animals’
use of tools to their forms of communications and social customs. This emerging
picture of chimpanzees not only affects how we think of these amazing creatures but
also alters human beings’ conception of our own uniqueness and hints at ancient
foundations for extraordinary capacity for culture.

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C. Homo sapiens and Pan troglodytes have coexisted for hundreds of millennia and
share more than 98 percent of their genetic material, yet only 40 years ago we still
knew next to nothing about chimpanzee behaviour in the wild. That began to change
in the 1960s, when Toshisada Nishida of Kyoto University in Japan and Jane Goodall
began their studies of wild chimpanzees at two field sites in Tanzania. Goodall’s
research station at Gombe—the first of its kind—is more famous.

D. In these initial studies, as the chimpanzees became accustomed to close

observation, the remarkable discoveries began. Researchers witnessed a range of
unexpected behaviours, including fashioning and using tools, hunting, meat eating,
food sharing and lethal fights between members of neighbouring communities. In the
years that followed, other primatologists set up camp elsewhere, and, despite all the
financial, political and logistical problems that can beset African fieldwork, several of
these out-posts became truly long-term projects. As a result, we live in an
unprecedented time, when an intimate and comprehensive scientific record of
chimpanzees’ lives at last exists not just for one but for several communities spread
across Africa.

E. As early as 1973, Goodall recorded 13 forms of tool use as well as eight social
activities that appeared to differ between the Gombe chimpanzees and chimpanzee
populations elsewhere. She ventured that some variations had what she termed a
cultural origin. But what exactly did Goodall mean by “culture”? The diversity of
human cultures extends from technological variations to marriage rituals, from
culinary habits to myths and legends. Animals do not have myths and legends, of
course. But they do have the capacity to pass on behavioural traits from generation to
generation, not through their genes but by learning. For biologists, this is the
fundamental criterion for a cultural trait: it must be something that can be learned by
observing the established skills of others and thus passed on to future generations.

F. What of the implications for chimpanzees themselves? We must highlight the tragic
loss of chimpanzees, whose populations are being decimated just when we are at last
coming to appreciate these astonishing animals more completely. The bushmeat trade
is particularly alarming: logging has driven roadways into the forests that are now used
to ship wild-animal meat— including chimpanzee meat—to consumers as far afield as
Europe. Such destruction threatens not only the animals themselves but also a host of
fascinatingly different ape cultures.

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G. Perhaps the cultural richness of the ape may yet help in its salvation, however. Some
conservation efforts have already altered the attitudes of some local people. A few
organizations have begun to show videotapes illustrating the cognitive prowess of
chimpanzees. One Zairian viewer was heard to exclaim, “Ah, this ape is so like me, I
can no longer eat him.”

H. How an international team of chimpanzee experts conduct the most comprehensive

survey of the animals ever attempted? Scientists have been investigating chimpanzee
culture for several decades, but too often their studies have contained a crucial flaw.
Most attempts to document cultural diversity among chimpanzees have relied solely
on officially published accounts of the behaviours recorded at each research site. But
this approach probably overlooks a good deal of cultural variation for three reasons.

I. Firstly, scientists typically don’t publish an extensive list of all the activities they do
not see at a particular location. Yet this is exactly what we need to know—which
behaviours were and were not observed at each site. Second, many reports describe
chimpanzee behaviours without saying how common they are; without this
information, we can’t determine whether a particular action was a once-in-a-lifetime
aberration or a routine event that should be considered part of the animals’ culture.
Finally, researchers’ descriptions of potentially significant chimpanzee behaviour
frequently lack sufficient detail, making it difficult for scientists working at other spots
to record the presence or absence of the activities.

J. To remedy these problems, the two of us decided to take a new approach. We asked
field researchers at each site for a list of all the behaviours they suspected were local
traditions. With this information in hand, we pulled together a comprehensive list of
65 candidates for cultural behaviours.

K. Then we distributed our list to the team leaders at each site. In consultation with
their colleagues, they classified each behaviour in terms of its occurrence or absence
in the chimpanzee community studied. The key categories were customary behaviour,
habitual, present, absent, and unknown. We should note, however, that certain
cultural traits are no doubt passed on by a combination of imitation and simpler kinds
of social learning. Either way, learning from elders is crucial to growing up as a
competent wild chimpanzee.

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Questions 14 - 18
Reading Passage 2 has eleven paragraphs A—K.
Which paragraph contains the following information?
Write the correct letter A—K, in boxes 14—18 on your answer sheet.

14 A problem of research on chimpanzee culture which is only based on official

sources
15 A new system designed by two scientists aiming to solve the problem
16 Reasons why previous research on ape culture is inadequate
17 Classification of data observed or collected
18 An example showing cognitive powers of animals leading to indication of change
in local people’s attitude toward preservation

Questions 19-22
Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 2?
In boxes 19-22 on your answer sheet, write

TRUE if the statement agrees with the information

FALSE if the statement contradicts the information
NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this

19 Research found that chimpanzees will possess the same complex culture as
humans.
20 Human and apes ancestors lived together long ago and share most of their
genetic substance.
21 Jane Goodall has observed many surprising features of complex behaviours
among chimpanzees.
22 Chimpanzees, like humans, derive cultural behaviours mostly from genetic
inheritance.

Questions 23 - 26
Answer the questions below.

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Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND / OR A NUMBER from passage for each
answer.

Write your answers in boxes 23-26 on your answer sheet.

23 When did the unexpected discoveries of chimpanzee behaviour start?

24 Which country is the research site of Toshisada Nishida and Jane Goodall?
25 What did the chimpanzees have to get used to in the initial study?
26 What term did Jane Goodall use in 1973 to explain groups of chimpanzees using
tools differently?

READING PASSAGE 3
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 27-40, which are based on Reading
Passage 3 below.

personality and appearance

When Charles Darwin applied to be the “energetic young man” that Robert Fitzroy,
the Beagle’s captain, sought as his gentleman companion, he was almost let down by
a woeful shortcoming that was as plain as the nose on his face. Fitzroy believed in
physiognomy—the idea that you can tell a person’s character from their appearance.
As Darwin’s daughter Henrietta later recalled, Fitzroy had “made up his mind that no
man with such a nose could have energy”. This was hardly the case. Fortunately, the
rest of Darwin’s visage compensated for his sluggardly proboscis: “His brow saved
him.”

The idea that a person’s character can be glimpsed in their face dates back to the
ancient Greeks. It was most famously popularised in the late 18th century by the Swiss
poet Johann Lavater, whose ideas became a talking point in intellectual circles. In
Darwin’s day, they were more or less taken as given. It was only after the subject
became associated with phrenology, which fell into disrepute in the late 19th century,
that physiognomy was written off as pseudoscience.

First impressions are highly influential, despite the well-worn admonition not to judge
a book by its cover. Within a tenth of a second of seeing an unfamiliar face we have

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already made a judgement about its owner’s character—caring, trustworthy,

aggressive, extrovert, competent and so on. Once that snap judgement has formed, it
is surprisingly hard to budge. People also act on these snap judgements. Politicians
with competent-looking faces have a greater chance of being elected, and CEOs who
look dominant are more likely to run a profitable company. There is also a well-
established “attractiveness halo”. People seen as good-looking not only get the most
valentines but are also judged to be more outgoing, socially competent, powerful,
intelligent and healthy.

In 1966, psychologists at the University of Michigan asked 84 undergraduates who had

never met before to rate each other on five personality traits, based entirely on
appearance, as they sat for 15 minutes in silence. For three traits—extroversion,
conscientiousness and openness—the observers’ rapid judgements matched real
personality scores significantly more often than chance. More recently, researchers
have re-examined the link between appearance and personality, notably Anthony
Little of the University of Stirling and David Perrett of the University of St Andrews,
both in the UK. They pointed out that the Michigan studies were not tightly controlled
for confounding factors. But when Little and Perrett re-ran the experiment using
mugshots rather than live subjects, they also found a link between facial appearance
and personality—though only for extroversion and conscientiousness. Little and
Perrett claimed that they only found a correlation at the extremes of personality.

Justin Carre and Cheryl McCormick of Brock University in Ontario, Canada studied 90
ice-hockey players. They found that a wider face in which the cheekbone-to-
cheekbone distance was unusually large relative to the distance between brow and
upper lip was linked in a statistically significant way with the number of penalty
minutes a player was given for violent acts including slashing, elbowing, checking from
behind and fighting. The kernel of truth idea isn’t the only explanation on offer for our
readiness to make facial judgements. Leslie Zebrowitz, a psychologist at Brandeis
University in Waltham, Massachusetts, says that in many cases snap judgements are
not accurate. The snap judgement, she says, is often an “overgeneralisation” of a more
fundamental response. A classic example of overgeneralisation can be seen in
predators’ response to eye spots, the conspicuous circular markings seen on some
moths, butterflies and fish. These act as a deterrent to predators because they mimic
the eyes of other creatures that the potential predators might see as a threat.

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Another researcher who leans towards overgeneralisation is Alexander Todorov. With

Princeton colleague Nikolaas Oosterhof, he recently put forward a theory which he
says explains our snap judgements of faces in terms of how threatening they appear.
Todorov and Oosterhof asked people for their gut reactions to pictures of emotionally
neutral faces, sifted through all the responses, and boiled them down to two
underlying factors: how trustworthy the face looks, and how dominant. Todorov and
Oosterhof conclude that personality judgements based on people’s faces are an
overgeneralisation of our evolved ability to infer emotions from facial expressions, and
hence a person’s intention to cause us harm and their ability to carry it out. Todorov,
however, stresses that overgeneralisation does not rule out the idea that there is
sometimes a kernel of truth in these assessments of personality.

So if there is a kernel of truth, where does it come from? Perrett has a hunch that the
link arises when our prejudices about faces turn into self-fulfilling prophecies—an idea
that was investigated by other researchers back in 1977. Our expectations can lead us
to influence people to behave in ways that confirm those expectations: consistently
treat someone as untrustworthy and they end up behaving that way. This effect
sometimes works the other way round, however, especially for those who look cute.
The Nobel prize-winning ethologist Konrad Lorenz once suggested that baby-faced
features evoke a nurturing response. Support for this has come from work by
Zebrowitz, who has found that baby-faced boys and men stimulate an emotional
centre of the brain, the amygdala, in a similar way. But there’s a twist. Babyfaced men
are, on average, better educated, more assertive and apt to win more military medals
than their mature-looking counterparts. They are also more likely to be criminals; think
Al Capone. Similarly, Zebrowitz found baby-faced boys to be quarrelsome and hostile,
and more likely to be academic highfliers. She calls this the “self-defeating prophecy
effect”: a man with a baby face strives to confound expectations and ends up
overcompensating.

There is another theory that recalls the old parental warning not to pull faces, because
they might freeze that way. According to this theory, our personality moulds the way
our faces look. It is supported by a study two decades ago which found that angry old
people tend to look cross even when asked to strike a neutral expression. A lifetime of
scowling, grumpiness and grimaces seemed to have left its mark.

Questions 27 - 31

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Do the following statements agree with the views of the writer in Reading Passage 3?
In boxes 27-31 on your answer sheet, write

YES if the statement agrees with the views of the writer

NO if the statement contradicts the views of the writer
NOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say that the writer thinks about this

27 Robert Fitzroy’s first impression of Darwin was accurate.

28 The precise rules of “physiognomy” have remained unchanged since the 18th
century.
29 The first impression of a person can be modified later with little effort.
30 People who appear capable are more likely to be chosen to a position of power.
31 It is unfair for good-looking people to be better treated in society.

Questions 32-36
Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.
Write your answers in boxes 32—36 on your answer sheet.

32 What’s true about Anthony Little and David Perrett’s experiment?

A. It is based on the belief that none of the conclusions in the Michigan experiment is
accurate.
B. It supports parts of the conclusions in the Michigan experiment.
C. It replicates the study conditions in the Michigan experiment.
D. It has a greater range of faces than in the Michigan experiment.

33 What can be concluded from Justin Carre and Cheryl McCormick’s experiment?

A. A wide-faced man may be more aggressive.

B. Aggressive men have a wide range of facial features.
C. There is no relation between facial features and an aggressive character.
D. It’s necessary for people to be aggressive in competitive games.

34 What’s exemplified by referring to butterfly marks?

A. Threats to safety are easy to notice.

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 IELTS ACTUAL TESTS – READING & LISTENING ACADEMIC MODULE

B. Instinct does not necessarily lead to accurate judgment.

C. People should learn to distinguish between accountable and unaccountable
judgments.
D. Different species have various ways to notice danger.

35 What is the aim of Alexander Todorov’s study?

A. to determine the correlation between facial features and social development

B. to undermine the belief that appearance is important
C. to learn the influence of facial features on judgments of a person’s personality
D. to study the role of judgments in a person’s relationship

36 Which of the following is the conclusion of Alexander Todorov’s study?

A. People should draw accurate judgments from overgeneralization.

B. Using appearance to determine a person’s character is undependable.
C. Overgeneralization can be misleading as a way to determine a person’s character.
D. The judgment of a person’s character based on appearance may be accurate.

Questions 37 - 40
Complete each sentence with correct ending, A—F, below.
Write the correct letter, A-F, in boxes 37-40 on your answer sheet.

37 Perret believed people behaving dishonestly

38 The writer supports the view that people with babyish features
39 According to Zebrowitz, baby-faced people who behave dominantly
40 The writer believes facial features

A. judge other people by overgeneralization,

B. may influence the behaviour of other people,
C. tend to commit criminal acts.
D. may be influenced by the low expectations of other people.
E. may show the effect of long-term behaviours.
F. may be trying to repel the expectations of other people.

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