TEST 2

SECTION 1 Questions 1-10

Complete the form below.

Write ONE WORD AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.

Rental Property Application Form

Example

Name: Susan Smith

Phone number: 1....................(mobile)

Email address: Susansmith@ 2..................................

Current address: 234 Becketts Road

Brisbane.4054

New Zealand Employer: Auckland Hospital

Occupation: a 3..................................

Rental start date: 8th February

Preferred property type: + first preference: a house with a 4..........................

+ second preference, an apartment with a

big 5.............................

Bedrooms: two

Furnishings: a 6....................................is required

Maximum rent: 7$..............................per week

Preferred location: near the 8.............................

Other requirements: must have 9.........................nearby

would like 10 .....................included in the rent

SECTION 2 Questions 11-20
Complete the notes below.

Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for

each answer.

The Pre-school Family Centre

Features of the Pre-school Family Centre

 for children from 11....................to 5 years old

 run as a 12.....................by parents, who attend with their children
 parents receive special 13...................from the centre
 children's activities organised in 14..................age groups

Facts about the Centre

 sessions from 9.30-12.30 each morning

 one afternoon session to help prepare older children for 15..............at
school
 parents must make several 16...........before they enroll their child
 each centre is officially recognised and receives 17........................funding

Parents' Commitments

 take on responsibility for a special 18..................................

 attend one 19...............................

Practical Advice

 attend regularly to help your child gain 20.........................

 younger children may need to leave early
 provide a snack for your child
SECTION 3 Questions 21-30
Questions 21-26

Choose the correct letter, A, B or C.

Presentation on foot injuries among sports players

21 John and Cath's presentation plans are different in

A the examples used.

B the order of information.

C the main points made.

22 What do the students agree about the anatomy section of their

presentation?

A It would be better if Cath spoke about it.

B It should be kept quite short.

C It should be based on information from the internet.

23 What do the students agree to include in the last section?

A visuals of injuries

B demostrations of treatment

C interviews with patients

24 What is said about the different types of heel injury?

A Diagnosis is straightforward.

B They are expensive to treat.

C Some are more serious than others.

25 On the subject of causes of heel injuries, the students agree to

A focus on a single reason.

B reject certain approaches.

C use a source written by their professor.

26 What does Cath say about stretching as a treatment?

A It is potentially risky.

B It is commonly confused with strengthening,

C It is the least effective part of treatment.

Questions 27 and 28

Choose TWO letters A-E.

Which TWO treatment techniques did the female runner find useful for her
swollen heel?

A massage

B ultrasound

C rest

D balancing exercises

E ice

Questions 29 and 30

Choose TWO letters, A-E.

Which TWO sports did the male sprinter find most effective during his
rehabilitation programme?
 A swimming

B weight-training

C running on grass

D cycling

E jumping

SECTION 4 Questions 31-40

Questions 31-36

Complete the table below.

Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.

Different Types of Supermarket Layout

Layout Description Advantages Disadvantages

Grid parallel aisles + efficient use of

+ Uninteresting layout
floor space
+ Shoppers can 32.......................
+ Controls
through their shopping
31.................

Free-form 33.................. + customers need + poor use of space,so less

more 35.................
organization
34...................to find
products

Boutique Displays arranged + separates + poor use of space

around a food space into
speciality 36..................

+ creates
attractive image
Questions 37-40

Which types of products are placed in each location in

supermarkets?

Choose FOUR answers from the box and write the correct letter,A-
F,next to questions 37-40.

LOCATIONS

37 quieter areas ..........

38 end of aisles ..........

39 middle shelves ..........

40 near the entrance ..........

 TEST 2
READING PASSAGE 1
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on
Reading passage 1 on pages 2 and 3.

The Clipper Races: an era of competition between cargo ships

During the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, the British East India
Company had the monopoly on trade with China and India. This meant that
because no rival could legally import tea or other goods from these countries
at this time, the company was rarely in a hurry to transport its merchandise.
Instead, its priority was to minimise costs by carrying as much as possible on
each ship. This meant that its ships -known as East Indiamen - were
enormous, strong and very slow.

By 1800, the average East Indiaman could carry 1,200 tons of merchandise.
The trading pattern for China tea usually meant the East Indiamen set sail
from Britain in January, sailed round the Cape of Good Hope at the
southernmost tip of Africa, and arrived in China in September. There they
would load up that year's tea harvest,set off again and, depending on the
wind and weather, aim to arrive back by the following September. So even
with favourable sailing conditions, the round trip lasted almost two years, and
if anything went wrong it could take a lot longer.

However, by 1834 the company had lost its trading monopolies, and tea had
become a freely traded item. Having no more use for its great ships, the
company sold them off, and many were bought by merchants or their
captains, who continued to plough the seas between Britain and China. But
now that tea could be traded freely,a few smart sailors began to realise that
whoever brought each new harvest of tea to Britain first,stood to make the
most money.

This was partly because if you were home first, you could sell your shipment
of tea before your competitors even arrived, and partly because consumers in
Britain in the nineteenth century believed that the fresher and earlier-picked
the tea, the better the resulting drink. Tea traders now needed faster, sleeker
ships to bring their precious cargo back. Nevertheless, in Britain this idea only
caught on slowly, and white the 1840s saw a few faster ships launched, for
the time being many merchants remained satisfied with the slow but reliable
East Indiamen.

In fact it was the Americans who pioneered the first clipper ships. These
vessels were fast and slender, with a narrow hull that was deeper at the back
than at the front and masses of sails on tall masts. They earned their name
from the way that they clipped off journey times British merchants resolved to
build their own clippers to rival the Americans and the first British tea clipper,
Stornaway, was built in Aberdeen in 1850More tea clippers were designed and
built in Britain throughout the 1850s and 1860s,they had a narrower beam
than their American equivalents, making them less powerful during storms,
but faster in calmer weather.

There was a great spirit of competition between the British and American
ships plying the tea trade, but to begin with the Americans had the edge.
Then in 1851 a British ship owner, Richard Green, built the aptly named
clipper Challenger, with the stated intention of beating the American ships.
Loaded with tea, Challenger left China for London in 1852 at the same time as
the American clipper Challenge, a much larger,older ship, already greatly
admired for its speed. Large sums were bet on which would complete the
journey first. In the event, the British ship beat its rival to London by two days,
amid much jubilation. From then on, such international races grew in
popularity.

After 1855, American participation in the British tea trade gradually stopped.
But even without the Anglo-American rivalry,the competitive spirit continued.
It was really ignited when new ports were opened up for trade in China. These
included Fouchow,which was much closer to the tea-producing areas than
Canton, the port used previously. As a result,tea could be loaded onboard
earlier and fresher, and the clippers could set off in late May or early June -
sometimes not even taking time to fill out the official paperwork - racing back
to Britain whatever the difficulties.

They sped down through the South China Sea and into the Indian Ocean, then
raced to get round the southernmost tip of Africa at the Cape of Good Hope.
Then it was north across the vast Atlantic, past the Azores, through the
English Channel and into the estuary of the River Thames. Once there, they
would be towed by tugs, up the river and into the docks.

The cargo of the winning ship could earn a premium of up to sixpence per
pound-and so the captain and crew were rewarded by the owners of the cargo.
But the races were about more than just money the crews, about 40 men on
each clipper, were expert sailors, proud of their ships, and they delighted in
competing against each other.Without their enthusiasm, the races would
never have happened, since getting the ship home as fast as possible
required the crew to be totally dedicated and to sacrifice much of their rest for
the duration of the race.
Questions 1-6
Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading
Passage 1? In boxes 1-6 on your answer sheet,write
TRUE if the statement agrees with the information
FALSE if the statement contradicts the information
NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this

1 In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, the British East India Company
faced a lot of competition.
2 Before 1800, cargo size was the most important consideration for the East
India Company.
3 At best,voyages of the East Indiamen to China and back took nearly two
years to complete.
4 Before 1834, voyages to and from China were considered to be highly
dangerous.
5 After 1834, the ships which had served the East India Company stopped
being used for commercial purposes.
6 In the nineteenth century, British drinkers preferred tea made from mature
leaves to that made from younger leaves.

Questions 7-13
Complete the notes below.
Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 7-13 on your answer sheet.
Clipper races

The ships
Clipper ships were first used for trading by American merchants.
The ships were remarkable for the number of 7.............they had.
The performance of British tea clippers was particularly affected when there
were 8................at sea.
The races
It was in a ship called 9....................... that the British first competed successfully
against the Americans.
Richard Green's ship arrived two days ahead of its competitor.
Competition increased when additional Chinese trading 10. .....................
were established.
Merchants were occasionally in such a hurry that they failed to
complete the 11.......................before leaving China.
At the end of their journey, the ships needed the help of 12....................
The rewards
The crews were motivated by both 13.................. and their enthusiasm for the
competition.
READING PASSAGE 2
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14-26,which are based on
Reading Pessgge 2 on pages 6 and 7.

Orientation of birds
A For many of us, the way birds are able to orientate is both astounding and
difficult to appreciate fully. For instance, the
annual migration of tire golden plover of the
Pacific takes it from Alaska to Hawaii on a flight of
well over 3000 kilometres, and if it were to
deviate by only one degree, it would miss the
island on which it nests.
B The first systematic studies on orientation in birds
were made possible by the 'homing instinct'
exhibited by so many species. Birds are caught at
a time when they show an attachment to their territory, especially during the
nesting season.They are taken to some spot, released, and the percentage of
returns is recorded. The distance can be varied, and the direction, as well as
the method of transporting them, and then the influence of climatic and other
factors on their ability to find their way home can be studied. These
experiments have shown a wide variation in ability to home, and three types
of homing behaviour have been identified.
C In the first type,birds methodically explore the area in which they are released
until they pick up some familiar feature, and then they quickly find their way
back to the nest. Such birds possess a highly developed visual memory,as
experiments with pigeons have shown. Domestic pigeons have been trained
to peck at a certain point on an aerial photograph, with a system of
rewards,and four years later the birds were still able to respond to this
training when placed on the aerial photograph. Birds' eyes have a power of
resolution two to three times greater than ours, enabling them to pick up very
fine details. If a bird uses only this type of homing behaviour, however, it can
only succeed if the point of release is not too far away. If the birds are
transported 800 kilometres from their nest, it is only by good fortune that they
find their way back as a result of long exploratory flights. Usually, the area
known to a bird is its feeding territory.Released within this area, the birds soon
make their return; release them outside it and far fewer return. However, if a
bird is released for a second time in the same place, its visual memory comes
into play, and the bird, no longer requiring tedious exploratory flights, will
return much more quickly.
D The second type of homing behaviour is shown by birds that are capable of
choosing their flight direction and holding to it for the rest of their journey.How
do they decide what direction to take? They appear to choose their normal
migration direction even if they are released in a different place from their
usual stalling point. If, for example, birds which normally fly to the north-east
to reach
latitude 45 degrees north are released at that latitude, they will immediately start
flying north-east anyway. So if they're released further to the west, they'll
maintain the correct direction, but fly west of their destination, and so fail to
arrive.
E
The third type of homing behaviour shows the highest degree of
orientation.Released at one point, the birds immediately take stock of it, compare
its position with that of the nest, decide on the direction and fly of. This happens
even if the birds are in a country right off their migration routes, where they have
never been before. In one example, a laysan albatross returned to its nesting area
on Midway Island in the middle of the Pacific, having flown over 5000kilometres
from the west coastal of the USA in just over ten days. This is a perfect example of
the third type of homing, for the albatross clearly couldn't rely on any landmarks
over the vast expanse of the Pacific Ocean.

F
The percentage of successful birds varies greatly, being highest in those species
with a strong migratory behaviour. Thus the lesser black-backed gull is more
migratory than the herring gull and more often reaches 'home'. Great migrants
such as the swift have the highest percentage of returns. In one case,seven out of
nine alpine swifts were recaptured at their nests after being displaced some 1400
kilometres; one made the journey in three days.

G
What part does heredity play in all this? Two research studies suggest that
instinctive,i.e. genetically inherited, behaviour patterns play a part in
navigation.The first was carried out by Ernst Schuz and it is highly significant.
Schuz caught first year European storks and released them later, after the
departure of the adult storks at a time when they normally make their south-west
autumn migration to Africa. The recaptures showed that, in spite of thefact that
there were no adults to guide them, the birds unanimously headed south-west.
This was a most striking finding, for it showed that the birds had an innate and
unlearned attraction for the African wintering area that they have occupied for
thousands of years.

H
The case of starlings is a little different. These birds have a great aptitude for
homing, but this behaviour differs in the different age groups. Birds that were
shifted to the south-east of their normal migration route split into two lots. The
adults, in full possession of their gift for orientation, found their wintering area by
modifying their direction by 90 degrees, whereas the juveniles sought their winter
quarters to the south-east of their real position.
Questions 14-18

Complete the summery below.

Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.

Write your answers in boxes 14-18 on your answer sheet.

Types of homing behaviour

First type:

Birds rely on their sophisticated 14.................However,they are generally most

successful if they are released within their feeding territory.

Second type:

Birds select their accustomed 15......................., no matter where they are released.
As a result,they may miss their 16..........................

Third type:

Birds orientate correctly, even when they are released in an unfamiliar place and
have no 17....................... to make use of. One bird with this type of skill is
the 18.............

Questions 19-22

Reading Passage 2 has eight paragraphs, A-H

Which paragraph contains the following information?

Write the correct letter, A-H, in boxes 19-22 on your answer sheet.

NB You may use any letter more than once.

19 the effects of distance on some birds' ability to find their nests

20 a methodology for testing the general ability of birds to find their nests

21 one aspect of physical ability in humans and birds

22 how some birds' migration was delayed for experimental purposes

Questions 23-26
Look at the following types of birds (Questions 23-26) and the list of
points which the author wishes to illustrate below.

Match each bird with the point which it illustrates, A-G.

Write the correct letter,A-G,in boxes 23-26 on your answer sheet.

23 domestic pigeon

24 alpine swift

25 European stork

26 starling
READING PASSAGE 3
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 27-40,which are based on
Reading passage 3 on pages 10 and 11.

The role of accidents in business

In 1894 Dr John Kellogg and his brother. Will, were supervising a hospital and
health spa in Michigan. The patients were on a restricted diet. One day, the
brothers left cooked wheat untended for more than 24 hours. When they
returned, they saw what they had done. It was no good to eat, but they
decided to run the stale wheat through rollers, just to see how it would turn
out. Normally, the process produced long sheets,but they were surprised to
discover that this time the rollers created flat flakes. They baked them, and
then tried the same thing with corn. From this accidental discovery came the
cornflakes that generations have now been eating for breakfast.

Accidents happen; there is nothing predictable and orderly about innovation.

Nobel laureate Sir Alan Hodgkin, who discovered how nerve cells transmit
electrical impulses between the skin and the brain, commented: 'I believe that
the record of my published papers conveys an impression of directedness and
planning which does not at all coincide with the actual sequence of events.'

The same rule applies in business. The mistake that gave us cornflakes keeps
repeating itself in the history of disruptive innovation, the kind that transforms
markets.Louis Daguerre, for, instance, discovered the technique that gave us
photography in the 1830s, when drops of mercury from a shattered
thermometer produced a photographic image. The microwave was discovered
when Peroy Spender,a scientist with Raytheon,was testing a new vacuum tube
and discovered that the sweet in his pocket had melted. The artificial
sweetener, saccharin, was the unintentional result of a medical scientist's
work on a chemical treatment for gastric ulcers. While working for the firm
3M,researcher Art Fry had no idea he was taking the first steps towards Post-It
Notes when he used bits of adhesive office paper that could be easily lifted off
the page to replace the scrap paper bookmarks that kept falling out of his
hymn book.
Breakthrough and disruptive innovation are rarely driven by orderly process.
Usually they come out of a chaotic, haphazard mess, which is why big
companies, full of managers schooled in business programmes designed to
eliminate random variation and mistakes, struggle with them. In these sorts of
environments, accidents are called failures and are discouraged.

It is no surprise then that research from the late British economist Paul
Geroski and London Business School's Constantinos Markides found that
companies that were skilled at innovation were usually not that skilled when it
came to commercialisation,and vice versa. Their book, Fast Second, divides
businesses into 'colonists' and 'consolidators'. Small and nimble, colonists are
adept at creating market niches but are terrible institution builders.
Consolidators, with their strong cultures of discipline and cost control, know
how to take clever ideas from other firms and turn them into mass-market
items. Microsoft is a prime instance of this.

With companies spending hundreds of billions of dollars on research and

development,US academics Robert Austin and Lee Devin examined how
managers can encourage productive slip-ups. In their article
Accident,Intention and Expectation in the Innovation Process, they argue that
business processes actually prevent helpful mis-steps from occurring.
According to their catalogue of accidents, not all false steps and mishaps are
equal. Accidents, they say, come from unlikely mental associations such as
memories and vague connections, looking for something and finding it in an
unexpected way, looking for one thing and finding something else, and not
looking for anything but finding something valuable.

Accident-prone innovation, they say, requires companies to get outside the

'cone of expectation'. It means throwing together groups from diverse
backgrounds, and combining ideas in unpredictable ways. Other strategies
also include having systems that watch out for accidents and examine them
for value, generating them when they do not happen often enough, seizing oil
the useful ones, capturing their valuable features,and building on them to add
value and give potential for useful accidents.

All this, however, requires thinking that is often counter-intuitive to the way
businesses operate. In other words, it is the kind of thinking that goes against
the beliefs of most business managers. It runs counter to the notion frequently
pushes by consultants that you can 'harness' creativity and direct it to line up
with intention. 'The cost of accidents business, people tend to call such efforts
failure.'

There are tentative signs that more companies are starting to realise that
failure can lead to commercial gain, and that this is part or the risk-talking
that underpins innovation. Australia's largest brewing company, for example,
made a bad error when it launched a new beer called Empire Lager, pitched at
younger consumers. Having spent a fortune creating a beer with a sweeter
taste, designing a great-looking bottle and a television campaign, Foster's was
left with a drink that no-one wanted to buy.The target market was more
interested in brands built up by word of mouth.

Instead of wiping the unsuccessfull product launch, Fosters used this lesson
learned to go on and develop other brands instead. One of them, Pure Blonde,
is now ranked as Australia's fifth-largest beer brand. Unlike Empire Lager,
there has been almost no promotion and its sales are generated more by word
of mouth.

Other companies are taking similar steps to study their own slip-ups. Intuit,the
company behind financial tools such as Quicken, holds regular 'When Learning
Hurts'sessions. But this sort of transformation is never easy. In a market that
focuses on the short-term, convincing employees and shareholders to tolerate
failure and not play it safe is a big thing to ask.

Do the following statements agree with the claims of the writer in Reading
Passage 3? In boxes 27-31 on your answer sheet,write

YES if the statement agrees with the claims of the writer

NO if the statement contradicts the claims of the writer

NOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this

27 The delay in the process used by the Kellogg brothers affected the final
product.

28 Sir Alan Hodgkin is an example of someone whose work proceeded in a

logical and systematic way.

29 Daguerre is an exception to the general rule of innovation.

30 The discovery of saccharin occurred by accident during drug research.

31 The company 3M should have supported Art Fry by funding his idea of
Post-lt Notes.

Questions 32-35

Complete each sentence with the correct ending, A-H,below.

Write the correct letter, A-H, in boxes 32-35 on your answer sheet.

32 The usual business environment

33 Geroki and Markides's book

34 Microsoft is an example of a company which

35 The origin of useful accidents

A. can be found in unusual thoughts and chance events.

B. can be taught in business schools.
C. has made a success from someone else’s invention.
D. is designed to nurture differences.
E. is unlikely to lead to creative innovation
F. says that all mistakes are the same.
G. shows that businesses are good at either inventing of selling.
H. suggests ways of increasing the number of mistakes

Questions 36-40

Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D

Write the correct letter in boxes 36-40 on your answer sheet.

36 How do Austin and Devin advise companies to get out of the 'cone of
expectation'?

A by decreasing the number of company systems

B by forming teams of different types of people

C by hiring new and creative people

 D by holding regular brainstorming meetings

37 In recommending 'counter-intuitive' thinking, what do Austin and Devin

imply?

A that failing at business is bad for staff morale

B that innovation cannot be planned for

C that most businesses should be devoted to avoiding mistakes

D that the cost of mistakes is an important consideration

38 The writer describes the Empire Lager disaster in order to show that

A success can come out of a business failure

B the majority of companies now value risk-talking.

C TV advertising works better on older people

D young beer drinkers do not like a sweet taste

39 Pure Blonde has been more successful than Empire Lager because

A digital media other than TV were used.

B it was advertised under a different brand name.

C it was launched with very little advertising.

D the advertising budget was larger

40 The writer concludes that creating a culture that learns from mistakes

A brings short-term financial gains.

B can be very difficult for some companies.

C holds no risk for workers.

D is a popular move with shareholders.

 TEST 2
WRITING TASK 1

You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.

The two maps below show road access to a city hospital in 2007 and in
2010.

Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features,

and make comparisons where relevant.
Sample:
The two presented maps describe the changes that took place at a city
hospital from 2007 to 2010. Looking from an overall perspective, it is readily
apparent that the largest changes involved transportation, including
additional public parking, the construction of a nearby bus station and new
roundabouts.
The majority of the hospital underwent very little change. The roads
(Ring,City,and Hospital road) all remained largely the same, though two small
lanes were built off of hospital road to link up with the new bus station and
roundabouts on either end of Hospital road (where it bisects with Ring and
City road) were added. The city hospital building itself was unaltered.
The changes were mainly around the hospital and the largest of these was
related to parking. In 2007, there was a small parking lot along Hospital road
for both staff and the public. By 2010 they had decided to separate the public
and staff parking by adding an exclusively public parking area running along
the east side of the city hospital.
As well as making money, businesses also have social
responsibilities. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your
own knowledge or experience.
Write at least 250 words.

Businesses have always sought to make a profit, but it is becoming

increasingly common to hear people talk about the social obligations that
companies have.I completely agree with the idea that businesses should do
more for society than simply make money.
On the one hand, I accept that businesses must make money in order to
survive in a competitive world. It seems logical that the priority of any
company should be to cover its running costs, such as employees' wages and
payments for buildings and utilities. On top of these costs, companies also
need to invest in improvements and
innovations if they wish to remain successful. If a company is unable to pay its
bills or meet the changing needs of customers, any concerns about social
responsibilities become irrelevant. In other words, a company can only make a
positive contribution to society if it is in good financial health.
On the other hand, companies should not be run with the sole aim of
maximising profit; they have a wider role to play in society. One social
obligation that owners and managers have is to treat their employees well,
rather than exploiting them. For example, they could pay a "living wage” to
ensure that workers have a good quality of life. I also like the idea that
businesses could use a proportion of their profits to support local charities,
environmental projects or education initiatives. Finally,instead of trying to
minimise their tax payments by using accounting loopholes,I believe that
company bosses should be happy to contribute to society through the tax
system.
In conclusion, I believe that companies should place as much importance on
their social responsibilities as they do on their financial objectives.
Rental Property Application Presentation on foot injuries

Form among sports players

1 614381997 11 3 months

2 post.com 12 cooperative

3 chemist 13 training

4 garden 14 mixed

5 balcony 15 reading

6 fridge 16 visits

7 400 17 government

8 beach 18 job

9 parking 19 meeting

electricity 20confidence
10
3

pmteten Tresor
Section 3
Supermarket Layout

21 A

22 B 31 traffic flow

23 B 32 rush

24 C 33 random

25 A 三汉 34 time

26 A 35 cost-effective

27 A 36 smaller areas

28 C 37 E

29 B 38 F

30 D 39 A

40 B
KEY LISTENING

Key reading
The Clipper Races: an era of Orientation of The role of accidents in busines
competition between birds
cargo ships

1 FALSE 14 visual memory 27 YES

15 migration
2 TRUE 28 NO
direction

3 TRUE 16 destination 29 NO

4 NOT GIVEN 17 landmarks 30 YES

(laysan)
5 FALSE 18 31 NOT GIVEN
albatross

6 FALSE 19 C 32 F

7 sails 20 B 33 G

8 storms 21 C 34 C

9 Challenger 22 G 35 A

10 ports 23 C 36 B

11 paperwork 24 F 37 D

12 tugs 25 A 38 A

13 money 26 D 39 C

40 B