1 GENERAL OBJECTIVE

At the end of this COURSE, the participants must be able to:

 Explain the importance of occupational safety and health among workers in the
construction industry
 identify the hazards and evaluate the risks in the construction projects that may affect the
workers and general public
 Identify the occupational safety and health (OSH) statutory requirements and guidelines
needed in all types of construction projects
 Explain the roles of safety officers in the implementation of construction safety and health
program, inspection, accident investigation, HIRAC, audits and inspections, work stoppage
order, etc.
 Identify the suitable, adequate, systematic, and appropriate approach for the prevention
and control of hazards highlighting COVID-19 in the construction workplaces.

2 OSH Situationer

2.1 Objectives
 Identify the leading causes of accidents in the constructionsites
 Assess the importance of safety and health in the constructionindustry
 Explain the importance of occupational safety and health training
 Explain the importance of recognizing the presentsafety and health situations in the
construction industry
 Explain how the implementation of occupational safety and health (OSH) programs
can protect workers and the general public in the construction projects from the
pandemic caused by COVID-19 virus.

2.2 Global OSH Situationer

International Labor Organization Report
 279 Million accidentsreported
 350,000 of which arefatal
 160 Million work related illness/diseasesreported
 2,000,000 workers die everyyear
 More than 100,000 work fatalities occur every month, more than 5,000 every day,
4 every minute

Report in the Construction Industry

 At least 60,000 fatalities occur at construction sites everyyear
 1 fatal accident occurs every 10minutes
 Around 17% of all fatalities at work (1 in every 6) are related toconstruction
 2.3 Philippines
Occupational accidents and diseases cause human suffering and loss. Their economic cost is high,
with some 2 million workers dying each year from work-related accidents and diseases, and the
figure is on the increase in spite of efforts to make inroads.
The Philippine Government estimates that 2.2 million Filipino workers in medium and large
enterprises enjoy effective occupational safety and health (OSH) protection and services. In other
words, 17 of 18 persons in the nation’s workforce of 38.8 million do not benefit from acceptable
working conditions. Studies substantiate that OSH conditions in micro-firms and the informal
sector pose risks and hazards.
The ILO Country Office for the Philippines (CO-Manla) supports programmes to promote a culture
of safety and health that bring OSH services to those that need them the most. A range of
government and non-government agencies are partners, with beneficiaries that include agrarian
reform farmers, informal workers and trade unions and their members. The office works with
constituents – governments, workers and employers organizations to promote ratification of the
Promotional Framework for Occupational Safety and Health Convention, 2006 (No.187) .

A national occupational safety and health culture is one in which the right to a safe and healthy
working environment is respected at all levels, where governments, employers and workers
actively participate in securing a safe and healthy working environment through a system of
defined rights, responsibilities and duties, and where the highest priority is accorded to the
principle of prevention.

3 Unsafe Act and Unsafe Condition

3.1 Objectives
 Explain the importance of Work system in organization
 Identify the different types of accident
 Differentiate unsafe Act from Unsafe Condition
 Explain the contributing Factors to Unsafe act
 Compare Indirect from Direct Causes of Accident

3.2 Systems of Work

A work system is a system in which human participants and/or machines perform work (processes
and activities) using information, technology, and other resources to produce products/services for
internal or external customers
are very important when it comes to Health and Safety. They are an important part of Risk
Assessments, and help to achieve a controlled completion of work with minimum risk.
A Safe System of Work is a formal procedure which results from systematic examination of a task in
order to identify all the hazards.It defines safe methods to ensure all hazards are eliminated or risks
minimised.

There are 4 key work system:

People – are people who perform the work

Equipment – anything kept, furnished, or provided for a specific purpose. the act of equipping a
person or thing

Material -the elements, constituents, or substances of which something is composed or can be

made

Environment- includes the organizational, cultural, competitive, technical, and regulatory

environment within which the work system operates

3.3 Types of Work Accidents

Though there are countless different ways a construction worker may get hurt on the job, there are a
number of regularly cited types of accidents. The top ten construction accidents are as follows:

Falls. Construction workers often perform their jobs from high places such as scaffolding, rooftops, or
ladders. Falling from high places is the number one most common construction accident, causing
almost 35% of construction injuries.

Falling Debris. Tools, building materials, pieces of scaffolding, or other supplies can do serious damage
if they fall from significant heights and land on a worker.

Electrocutions. Until construction is complete, there are often exposed wires, unfinished electrical
systems, and downed power lines.

Explosions or burns. Even if exposed wires do not electrocute anyone, they still may spark explosions or
fires. Gas leaks can pose a similar threat, as well.

Slip and falls. Construction sites often have extra materials, tools, and debris lying around over which
workers could trip. Moreover, there are often slippery surfaces that can cause slip and falls.

Machinery accidents. Construction workers regularly operate large and/or dangerous machinery, such
as jackhammers, cranes, bulldozers, or even smaller power tools like nail guns and drills, all of which
may cause serious injury.

Getting trapped in between materials. Even if materials do not fall and directly strike a worker, they
can trap a worker between a wall and the material, causing broken ribs or cutting off a worker’s oxygen
intake.
Trench or ground collapses. Trenches and other excavations are often necessary for building sites.
However, this causes the ground and surrounding areas to be unstable and can collapse on workers who
may be in or around the trench.

Getting hit by a vehicle. This is a common accident on highway construction sites, when speeding or
distracted drivers hit workers with their vehicles.

Overexertion. Construction crews often work long hours in the elements, including extreme heat and
humidity. This can cause injury from dehydration, fainting, or even strokes.

3.4 UNSAFE ACT UNSAFE CONDITION

Objectives
 Understand the basic work accident causationtheories;
 Define accidents, unsafe acts and unsafeconditions;
 Categorize and specify different situations and practices that comprise
unsafe/unhealthy acts andconditions.
 Unsafe/Unhealthy Act – a violation of safeprocedure
• Act ofomission
• Act ofcommission
 Unsafe/Unhealthy Condition – seen as a physical or chemical property in the
material Unsafe/UnhealthyAct-
Anyactthatdeviatesfromagenerallyrecognizedsafewayorspecified method of doing a job
and which increases the probabilities for anaccident.
Unsafe/Unhealthy Condition - The physical or chemical property of a material,
machine or the environment that may result in injury to a person, damage or
destruction to property and other losses;

3.4.1 Factors Contributing to Unsafe/Unhealthy Acts

1. Unaware
 No or lack ofknowledge
• Not trained
• Insufficienttraining
• Impropertraining
• Communicationbarrier
2. Unable
 Lack of skills
• Lack of noexperience
• Limitedunderstanding
 Physicallimitation
• Defectiveeyesight
 • Muscular weakness due tofatigue
• Impairedhearing
• Short inheight
• Too tall inheight
• Slowreactions
3. Unmotivated – Improperattitude
 Shortcut or deviation from the standard & procedureCausation Theory
3.4.2 Iceberg Theory
 Direct Costs(Insured)
• MedicalCosts
• Wasted rawmaterials
• Damaged property /equipment
• Insurancepremium

 Indirect Costs(Uninsured)

 InjuredWorkers
– Loss of productivity due to interruption on the day ofaccident
– Loss of productivity during medicalleave
– Loss of productivity due to follow upcare
 Other employees
– Loss of productivity due to thefollowing:
Work stoppage due toaccident

Participate in rescue operation

Participate in accident investigation (inspection

andinterview)

• Lesser productivity due to thefollowing:

– Slowdown in production for fear that same thing will happen tothem
– Sympathy to the injuredworker
• Additional cost due to completion of addedwork
 Supervisors
• Loss of productivity due to thefollowing:
– Participate in rescueoperation
– Participate in accident investigation (inspection andinterview)
– Preparation of accident investigationreport
 ReplacementWorker
• Hiring andtraining
 Equipment
• Downtime
• Repair orreplacement
3.5 SUMMARY
People, Equipment, Materials, Environment are the most important asset in any organization and we
called them work system. We can Identify different Safety and Health Hazards associated in the Works
System.The health and safety of individuals not only affects the quality of life while at work, but also the
lives, and standard of living of the family and community. There is, thus, a need to safeguard the health
and safety of the individual in respect of possible exposure to any occupational hazards.

Management has a moral responsibility concerning their employees, their families and the public at
large. The immediate causes of accidents as being, “unsafe Acts and unsafe Conditions” are the primary
causes of occupational accident and illness.

4 CONSTRUCTIONS SITE PREMISES

4.1 Objectives:
 Discuss different Occupational Safety and Health Standard for Construction site premises
 Explain different safety practices in Construction site premises
 Discuss the workers welfare facilities under Occupational Safety and Health Standard and other
D.O Issuances.

4.2 Gates
(1) Where the premises are surrounded by fencing, separate entrance and exit gates shall
be provided for pedestrian, vehicular and railroad traffic.
(2) Gates for pedestrian traffic shall be located at a safe distance from those for vehicular
and railroad traffic, shall be of sufficient width to permit the free passage of employees
during rush hours, and, if possible, shall be so located not to cross vehicular or railroad
traffic.

4.3 Roadways
(1) Roadways for automobiles, tractors, or other vehicles shall be soundly constructed
with good wearing surfaces.
(2) Roadways shall be of adequate width, and where used by, two-way traffic shall be at
least twice the width of the widest vehicle normally used plus 1.25 m. (4 ft.). Sufficient
clearance from overhead structures shall be provided.
(3) Where the installations of grade or level crossing cannot be avoided such crossing shall
be protected.
(4) Adequate railings or walls shall be provided along bridges, slopes and sharp curves

4.4 Parking of Vehicles

Regulations covering the use of driveways for entry and exit, speed limits, space
allotments and methods of parking shall be provided and strictly enforce where parking
space is provided for automobiles of the employee.
 4.5 Walkways:

(1) Safe walkways shall be constructed along the shortest line between important points.
(2) Walkways shall not be located under the eaves of buildings where they may become
slippery.
(3) Where it is necessary for pedestrians to cross railroad tracks or vehicular roadways,
bridges or
underpasses shall be provided, and the track or roadway should be fenced to prevent
direct crossing at
such points.
(4) Walking along railroad tracks by unauthorized persons shall not be allowed.
(5) Railings shall be installed along walkways, on bridges on steep slopes, at slippery
places and at
places where pedestrians are liable to injury by passing vehicles.

4.6 Welfare facilities

Workers’ Welfare Facilities The employer shall provide the following welfare facilities in order to
ensure humane working conditions:
16.1 Adequate supply of safe drinking water.
a) If the water is used in common drinking areas, it should be stored in closed containers
from which the water is dispensed through taps or cocks. Such containers should be cleaned and
disinfected at regular intervals not exceeding fifteen (15) days.
b) Notices shall be conspicuously posted in locations where there is water supply that is not
fit for drinking purposes.
16.2 Adequate sanitary and washing facilities
a) Adequate facilities for changing and for the storage and drying of work clothes
b) Adequate accommodation for taking meals and shelter. 16.3 Suitable living
accommodation for workers, and as may be applicable, for their families
16.4 Separate sanitary, washing and sleeping facilities for men and women workers.

4.7 SUMMARY
Construction sites have a number of known dangers and are in a near constant state of change,
which can cause some construction site accident. Construction site accidents are associated in
different location it is very important to learn different occupational safety and health standard in
construction site premises.
Safety in construction Site premises is very important and be sure from entrance/gate we are
aware the safety practices and standard. Parking of vehicles, Roadways and even the worker
welfare facilities is important in occupational safety health to ensure the safety inside workplace.

4.1 Construction site hazards

4.1.1 Objectives:
 Discuss the occupational safety and health Hazards
 Identify the 2 major hazards in construction
 Explain the way to identify hazards
 Discuss the overview of Hazards Control

Hazard - The potential of an Act or Condition that can likely cause personal injury or
damage to property, or combination.

construction was found to be the main industry for fatal injuries to workers. Main source
of hazard are listed below

4.1.2 Safety Hazards - Something that has a potential forinjury

 Sources of Safety hazards in construction site
o Poor Housekeeping
o Electrical
o Fire
o Mechanical

4.1.3 Health Hazards - Something that has a potential to cause illness Causes
 Sources of Safety hazards in construction site
o Physical
o Biological
o Chemical
o Ergonomics
o Mental

4.1.4 Ways to Identify Hazards

One of the "root causes" of workplace injuries, illnesses, and incidents is the failure to identify or
recognize hazards that are present, or that could have been anticipated. A critical element of any
effective safety and health program is a proactive, ongoing process to identify and assess such
hazards
To identify and assess hazards, employers and workers:

A. Collect existing information about workplace hazards

Collect, organize, and review information with workers to determine what types of hazards may be
present and which workers may be exposed or potentially exposed. Information available in the
workplace may include:

 Equipment and machinery operating manuals.

 Safety Data Sheets (SDS)
 provided by chemical manufacturers.
 Self-inspection reports and inspection reports from insurance carriers, government agencies, and
consultants.
 Records of previous injuries and illnesses, such as OSHA 300 and 301 logs and reports of incident
investigations.

B. Inspect the workplace for safety hazards

Hazards can be introduced over time as workstations and processes change, equipment or tools become
worn, maintenance is neglected, or housekeeping practices decline. Setting aside time to regularly
inspect the workplace for hazards can help identify shortcomings so that they can be addressed before
an incident occurs.

C. Identify health hazards

Identifying workers' exposure to health hazards is typically more complex than identifying physical
safety hazards. For example, gases and vapors may be invisible, often have no odor, and may not
have an immediately noticeable harmful health effect.

D. Conduct incident investigations

Workplace incidents –including injuries, illnesses, close calls/near misses, and reports of other
concerns– provide a clear indication of where hazards exist. By thoroughly investigating incidents
and reports, you will identify hazards that are likely to cause future harm. The purpose of an
investigation must always be to identify the root causes (and there is often more than one) of the
incident or concern, in order to prevent future occurrences. (OSHA, n.d.)

4.2 Hierarchy of hazard control measures

The hierarchy starts with the controls perceived to be most effective and moves down to those
considered least effective:

 Elimination – Physically remove the hazard

 Substitution – Replace the hazard
 Engineering controls – Isolate people from the hazard
  Administrative controls – Change the way people work
 Personal protective equipment– Protect the worker with PPE

4.3 SUMMARY

The word hazard which is common to both is a potential source of harm or an adverse health effect
on the person involved. To understand the difference between the two types of hazards, we first
need to understand the difference between health and safety. Health is described as the level of
efficiency of the functioning of an individual’s body.Safety hazards increase the risk level to which a
person is exposed and can bring about immediate effects if not dealt with properly. An example can
be of a construction worker falling from the ladder and injuring his skull since he did not use the
advised safety helmet.
Overall, the goal of hazard identification is to find and record possible hazards that may be present
in your workplace. Identifying hazards will help us what kind of control will be going to use.

4.4 Construction Safety Signage

4.5 OBJECTIVE
Hazards exist in every workplace, but how do you know which ones have the most potential to harm
workers? By identifying Safety hazards at your workplace, you will be better prepared to control or
eliminate them and prevent accidents, injuries, property damage and downtime. This topics will help us
to identify hazards in different situation which accident will occur due to poor housekeeping, electrical
activity, Fire, no proper construction signage.

(1) SECTION 1: CONSTRUCTION SAFETY SIGNAGE

Rule 1060.01 Premises of Establishments

Buildingpremisesshall haveadequatefire, emergencyordanger

signandsafetyinstructions of standard colors and sizes visible at all times.

(2) DO 13 Section 9 Construction Safety Signage

Signage must be provided to warn the workers and the public of hazards existing
in the
workplace.Signageshallbepostedinprominentpositionsatstrategiclocationsand,as
faras practicable, be in the language understandable to most of the
workersemployed.

(3) Warning Sign

A visual alerting device in the form of a label, placard or other marking which
advises the
observerofthenatureanddegreeofpotentialhazards,probableconsequenceofinvol
vement with the hazards and how it can beavoided.
  Safety Signsand Labels : ANZIZ535.4
 ColorCodes : ANZIZ535.1
 SafetySymbols : ANZI Z535.3

4.5.2 Location - Safety signs shall be placed such that they will:
 Be readily visible to the intendedviewer
 Alert the viewer to the potential hazard in time to take appropriateaction

4.5.3 Panel - Area of safety sign having distinctive background color different
from adjacent areas of the sign, which is clearly delineated by a line,
border or margin
 Signal Word Panel - Area of safety sign that contains the signal word and
the safety alertsymbol
 Message Panel - Area of the safety sign that contains the word messages
which identify the hazard, indicate how to avoid the hazard and advise of the
probable consequence of not avoiding thehazard
 Symbol/Pictorial Panel - Area of the safety sign that contains thesymbol/pictorial
(1) Standard Color of Signs
A. Safety Red: Fire Protection andDanger
 To call attention to fire protection equipment apparatus andfacilities
• Fire stations and equipment (fire extinguishers, pumps,
buckets, hose, hydrant)
• Fire extinguishing systems (valves, alarm, sprinklerpiping)
• Fire protection materials (doors,blankets)
 To identify Dangers, Stop signals (red lights placed on barricades at
temporary obstructions or on temporary construction); stop button for
electrical switches used for emergency stopping ofmachinery

B. SafetyYellow:Caution-
Todesignatecautionandformarkingphysicalhazards,suchas striking against,
stumbling, falling, tripping and caught in between. Solid yellow, yellow and black
stripes, yellow and black checkers or yellow with suitable contrastingbackground

C. Safety Green: Safety, Designating Safety - Location of first aid equipment;

location of safety devices; safety bulletin boards

D. Safety White: Traffic - White, black, or a combination of these are the basic
colors forthe
designationoftrafficandhousekeepingmarking.Solidwhite,solidblack,singlecolorstrip
ping or alternate stripes of black andwhite.
E. Safety Orange – To designate dangerous parts of machines and energized
equipment which may cut, crush, shock or otherwise injure, and to emphasize such
hazards when enclosure doors are open or when gear, belt, or other guards around
moving equipment are open or removed, exposing unguardedhazards

F. SafetyBlue:Precaution–
Todesignatecaution,limitedtowarningagainststartinguseof, or the movement of
equipment which is under repair or being workedupon

G. SafetyPurple:Radiation–
Todesignateradiationhazards.Yellowisusedincombination with purple for markers,
such as tags, labels, signs and floormarkers

4.6 Electrical safety at project site

Better awareness and understanding on:
• The possible hazards caused by electricity
• Explain basic concept of electricity.
• Safety measures and practices to avoid those hazards
• Applicable Statutory requirements on safety standards regarding electrical works,
equipment.

V
olts
Ampere = -
---------------
-
Ohms
Electric Circuit - Any combination of a conductor and a source of electricity
connected together to permit electrons to travel in a continuous stream.

4.6.1 Reasons Why Accident Usually Happens at Low Voltage

 It is where the publicmoves
 Workmen are lessexperienced
 It is treated lessdangerous
4.6.2 Dangers from Electricity
 Shock
 Burn
 Fire
4.6.3 Electric Shock Occurrence Mechanism
 Breakdown ofinsulation
  Human body comes in contact with bareconductor
 Current flows through the humanbody

4.6.4 Effect to the Human Body

 Disturbance to normal bodyfunction
 Burns on bodytissue
 Secondary accident
 Involuntary grip
 Ventricularfibrillation
 Death

4.6.5 Protection against hazards of electricit

Electrical accidents are largely preventable through safe work practices. Examples of these practices include
the following:

 deenergizing electric equipment before inspection or repair,

 keeping electric tools properly maintained,
 exercising caution when working near energized lines, and
 using appropriate protective equipment.

4.6.6 Importance of lockouts & tag-outs

LOTO - is a safety practice that protects employees and visitors from uncontrolled hazardous energy
that may escape from machines or equipment during isolation or servicing. When potentially hazardous
equipment is identified for maintenance, it will be placed on LOTO which includes adding a visual lock
and tag to the energy isolation points. The lock and tag not only create a barrier to prohibit usage, but
also create awareness to employees so they know not to use or go near the machinery or equipment on
LOTO.

LOTO is a very serious safety practice that helps to provide protection to employees. Equipment and
machinery identified for LOTO are capable of unexpected start-ups which may result in the harmful
release of hazardous energy

4.7 Fire Safety

Objectives

 Recognize the causes and extent of fireincidents.

 Describe the chemistry, behavior and concept offire.
 Understand the principles of fire prevention, suppression andcontrol.
 Recognize the important elements of an effective Fire SafetyProgram

4.7.1 2017 BFP Fire Incident Report

Fire incidents went down by 51%, comparing data gathered from January to June
2016 to the same period this year.
  26,969 Fire incidents in the first semester of2016
 13,215 Fire incidents in the first semester of2017

4.7.2 Common Cause of Fire Death

Inhalation of Toxic fumes such as Carbon Monoxide (CO), Carbon Dioxide (CO2),
Hydrogen Cyanide (HCn), Nitrous Oxide (N2O) / Nitrogen, Dioxide (NO2),
Fluorides (F) and Chlorides (Cl).

Fire – the result of the chemical combination of a combustible materials with

oxygen in the presence of enough heat.

4.7.3 Basic Chemistry of Fire

 Fuel or Combustible Materials- A material which contains chemical

elements that will react with oxygen, and under proper conditions,
producefire.
 Oxygen- 16% of oxygen is needed to sustainedfire.
 Heat-
Sufficientheattoraisethetemperatureoffuelsurfacetoapointwherechemical
union of the fuel and oxygenoccurs
 Chemical Chain Reaction - vapors of gasses, which distilled during
burning process of material, are carried into theflame

4.7.4 Heat Transfer (How Fire is Spread)

 Conduction – transfer of heat from one body toanother

 Convection – caused by movement of heat gasses produced by any
burning material
 Radiation – transfer of heat rays in straightrays

4.7.5 Classes of Fire

Class A Fire
 Description: Fires involving ordinary combustible materials, such as wood,
cloth, paper, rubber andplastics
 Extinguishing Method: Water is used in cooling or quenching effect to
reduce the temperature of the burning material below its
ignitiontemperature
Class B Fire
 Description: Fires involving flammable liquids, greases andgases
  ExtinguishingMethod:Thesmotheringorblanketingeffectofoxygenexclusionis
most effective. Other extinguishing methods include removal of fuel and
temperature reduction
Class C Fire
 Description: Fires involving energized electricalequipment
 Extinguishing Method: This fire can sometimes be controlled by non-
conducting extinguishing agent. The safest procedure is always to attempt to
de-energized high voltage circuits and treat as Class A or B fire depending
upon the fuelinvolved.
Class D Fire
 Description: Fires involving combustiblemetals
 ExtinguishingMethod:Theextremelyhightemperatureofsomeburningmetals
makes water and other common extinguishing agents ineffective. There is no
agent available that will effectively control fires in all combustible metals.
Special extinguishing agents are available for control of fire in each of the
materials and are marked specifically for themetal.
Class K Fire

 Description: Kitchen Fire (Recently recognized by NFPA 10. Fires involving

combustible vegetable or animal non-saturated cooking fats in commercial
cooking equipment.)

4.7.6 Fire Extinguisher

 First-aid firefighting equipment designed for use on fires in their earlystages
 Neededevenifthepropertyisequippedwithautomaticsprinklers,standpipeand
hose, other fixed protectionequipment
 Designed to be used close to the burningmaterials
4.7.7 Proper Use of Fire Extinguisher
 Start approximately 6-8 feet from thefire
 Pull thepin
 Aim thenozzle
 Squeeze the triggerslowly
 Sweep while moving towards thefire
 10-lb fire extinguisher lasts only 10-20 seconds. It should be usedcorrectly.
 When the fire is extinguished, stop pulling the trigger. In the event of
a re- ignition, at least there would still be contents inside theunit.
 Ensure that you have an escape path in case the fire is notextinguished

4.8 Construction Site Housekeeping

4.8.1 SECTION 2: CONSTRUCTION SITE HOUSEKEEPING
Rule 1060 OSHS – Premises of Establishments
Good housekeeping shall be maintained at all times thru cleanliness of building,
yards, machines and equipment, regular waste disposal and orderly processes,
operations, storage and filling of materials

Housekeeping is important because it lessens accidents and related injuries and

illnesses. It therefore improves productivity and minimizes direct/indirect costs
of accidents/illnesses. Housekeeping means putting everything in its proper
place. It is everybody’s business to observe it in the workplace.

4.8.2 The 5S of Good Housekeeping

The 5S, a Japanese concept that aims to optimize time for production, is a very
practical, simple and proven approach to improving housekeeping in the
workplace.

A. SEIRI (sort/eliminate) - Take out unnecessary items anddispose

Step 1 - Look around your workplace and dispose all unnecessary items

Step 2 - Set aside items with Disposal Notice decide if they are necessary or not

B. SEITON (systematize/organize) - Arrange necessary items in good order

foruse”
Step 1 - Eliminate unnecessary items from your workplace. Think of
what things
shouldremainintheworkplace,takingintoaccounttheflowofwork,from
thepoint of view of safe and efficientoperation

Step 2 - Decide with your colleagues where to put things. The

principle is to put most frequently needed items close to the user.

Step 3 - Make a list of things with their location and put it on

locker/cabinets and inform everyone in the workplace.

Step 4 - Indicate the places where fire extinguishers are located,

passages of forklifts/carts, and wherever necessary, warnings signs
for safety precautions,etc

C. SEISO (sweep/clean/polish) - Clean yourworkplace

The following are suggested for Seiso (Sweep) operation:

 Do not wait until things getdirty.

 Clean your workplace, including machines and equipment tools and
furniture, regularly so that they do not have a chance to getdirty
  Put aside 3 minutes everyday for Seiso(Sweep)
D. SEIKETSU (sanitize/standardize) - Maintain high standard ofhousekeeping
Maintain a workplace that is free from germs and stains. Make a schedule for
thorough cleaning of your workplace.

E. SHITSUKE (self-discipline/training) - Do things spontaneously w/o being told or

ordered
Make every one practice 4S’s spontaneously and willingly as a habit or
a way of life Practice 4S’s regularly until such time when everyone
becomes fond of 5S

4.9 SUMMARY

To prevent accident, injury and property damage it is very important to identify safety hazards. Some
Safety hazards are associated in different situation and activity included the poor housekeeping, Fire,
electrical activity, poor construction signage.