The Moral Experience: Module 4, Lesson 1 IV. Assessment

Name: Charmine B. Albao Subject: G.E.
8 (ETHICS)
Course, Year & Section: BSHM 2-B Instructor: Prof. Joy A. Tuburan
Module 4, Lesson 1
The Moral Experience
IV. Assessment
A. Answer the following: (2 points each)
1. Define cultural relativism.
Cultural relativism is the idea that a person’s beliefs, values, and practices should
be understood based on the person’s own culture rather than be judge against the criteria
of another culture. We should try to understand cultural practices, values, and beliefs of
other groups in its own cultural context. In other words, what is practiced and valued in
one place may not be good in another place.
2. Define moral agent.
A moral agent is a person who has the ability to discern right from wrong and to be
held accountable for his or her own actions. Moral agents have a moral responsibility not to
cause unjustified harm. Traditionally, moral agency is assigned only to those who can be
held responsible for their actions. Children, and adults with certain mental disabilities, may
have little or no capacity to be moral agents. Adults with full mental capacity relinquish
their moral agency only in extreme situations, like being held hostage. By expecting people
to act as moral agents, we hold people accountable for the harm they cause others.
3. Differentiate moral agent and moral agency
A moral agent is any person or collective entity with the capacity to exercise
moral agency. It is suggested that rational thought and deliberation are prerequisite
skills for any agent. In this way, moral agents can discern between right and wrong and
be held accountable for the consequences of their actions. Likewise, moral agents have
the responsibility to anticipate and avoid causing unjust harm.
Children and adults with certain intellectual or psychological disabilities may have
little or no ability to function as moral agents. In extreme cases, situational
constraints, such as being held hostage, can temporarily prevent adults with full
mental capacity from acting as moral agents.
Moral agency is the ability to make ethical decisions based on what is right or
wrong. This capacity can be found in individuals or collective entities like businesses or
health care institutions. According to Christen et al., moral agency encompasses three
major concepts:
1. the moral competency of the person or organization in question

2. the normative framework on which ethical behavior is based, and
3. the situational constraints that influence decision-making.
4.How is culture acquired?
Culture is acquired out of consciousness, through exposure to the speech, judgments,

and actions of others. Because we learn all of our lives, we are constantly learning our
cultures. It is important to remember that culture is learned through language and
modeling others; it is not genetically transmitted. Culture is encoded in the structure,
vocabulary, and semantics of language. Persons acquainted with more than one language are
aware that there are concepts, norms, and emotions that are available in one
language/culture that are not available in the other, and this is a reminder of the
inextricable link between language and culture.
5. Is there a cultural relativism in the Philippines? Support your answer.
Yes, there is a cultural relativism in the Philippines because generally, we speak of a

Filipino culture brought about by a greater degree of uniformity throughout the country
but yet, there are still sub-cultural differences that certainly affect the meaning of the
behavior. The fact is, there are Filipino sub-cultures, usually identified with ethno-
linguistics groups. Thus, we speak Ilocano, Tagalog, Bicolano, Waray, Cebuano, Ilonggo,
Maranao, Maguindanao, Yakan, Tausog, Badjao, etc. subcultures. And, within these major
ethnic groupings, there are still cultural variations in the different aspects of the
behavior of people.
6. How does culture relativism preserve human culture?
Cultural relativism maintains that man's opinion within a given culture defines what

is right and wrong. Cultural relativism is the mistaken idea that there are no
objective standards by which our society can be judged because each culture is
entitled to its own beliefs and accepted practices. Protecting and preserving
culture includes aspects of human rights, tolerance, development and protecting
cultural sites and artifacts, as well as intellectual property rights for culturally
specific language and art.
V. Enrichment Activities: (10 points)

1. Critique. Read the case below. After reading answer the questions.
A flight attendant was interviewed by the television network’s correspondent. She was
asked as to what airline is the best and most profitable in the Philippines. This was her
statement: The most profitable and convenient airline in the Philippines is the PSA. PSA
has been profitable every year since 1971. Other airlines have come and go. No other
airlines had matched PSA’s record. The secret of success is how we do things here.
Question:
1. Why do you think PSA is profitable and a convenient airline? Why did you say
that?
I think PSA are part of an industry that moves quickly and experiences consistent
change. The PSA Way is the foundation for operation and fosters stability, growth and a
focus on the future.
 At PSA they stay focused on their imperatives.

 That will be safe and reliable. Safety is our number one priority all day, every day.
 They expect and respect their differences.
 They always be prepared. Be forward thinking and focus on solutions.
 They take pride in professional excellence and hold themselves and others
accountable for their actions.
Above all, they are united by passion for what they do everyday and love for aviation.
2. What should be the title of this story/case?
For me the tittle of this story or case should be;

” PSA: Most Profitable and Convenient Airline”
2. Reflection Figure.
Direction: Indicate the things you have learned in this chapter (knowledge); the
things you have realized and appreciated (attitude) and the things that you have
discovered and wanted to do more (skills). Place those things inside the circle,
rectangle and triangle boxes.
KNOWLEDGE ATTITUDE SKILLS

I realized and
appreciate the
I’ve learned in essence of culture The things that I
this chapter on what
and values. On how is have discovered
are the difference in this chapter
between moral agent it important in our was to learn and
and moral agency. A daily lives. How it is preserve the
Cultures that necessary for us to culture on what
influence the we have. I also
preserve the culture. discover the
person’s moral
behavior. On what is I appreciated those different
qualities of
the meaning of basic social
Filipino Identity.
cultural relativism institutions which is I wanted to do
and its strengths and
the reason on what I more in this
weaknesses. I chapter to learn
learned have right now. To
and get lessons in
why universal values understand how order to improve
are necessary for Filipino values and myself, so that I
human survival. can teach some
the qualities of Moral persons and share
Identity. with them on
what I have
learned in this
chapter.

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Name: Charmine B. Albao Subject: G.E.

3. Differentiate moral agent and moral agency

1. the moral competency of the person or organization in question

4.How is culture acquired?

Culture is acquired out of consciousness, through exposure to the speech, judgments,

5. Is there a cultural relativism in the Philippines? Support your answer.

Yes, there is a cultural relativism in the Philippines because generally, we speak of a

6. How does culture relativism preserve human culture?

Cultural relativism maintains that man's opinion within a given culture defines what

V. Enrichment Activities: (10 points)

 At PSA they stay focused on their imperatives.

2. What should be the title of this story/case?

For me the tittle of this story or case should be;

KNOWLEDGE ATTITUDE SKILLS

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