Exam Writing Guide: Cambridge B2 First

Exam Writing Guide: Cambridge B2 First
Writing Guide
for the
Cambridge B2 First Exam
Table of contents
Section 1. Writing Exam Structure 3
1.1. Two-part exam 3
1.2. Writing: 4-step process 3
1.3. Time management 6
1.4. Register 6
1.5. Grading 9
Section 2. Writing Exam Part 1 10

2.1. Essay 10
Section 3. Writing Exam Part 2 15

3.1. Types of texts 15
3.2. Formal letter/email 15
© Universidad Internacional de La Rioja (UNIR)
3.3. Informal letter/email writing 21

3.4. Article 26
3.5. Report 31
3.6. Review 36
References 41
Section 1. Writing Exam Structure
1.1. Two-part exam
Part 1 Essay
Part 2 Choose one:

e.g. writing a job application or
Formal letter/email
letter of complaint
Informal letter/email e.g. writing to a cousin.
e.g. promoting or discussing an idea on a
Proposal
website.
e.g. summarising information and making a
Report
recommendation to your boss.
e.g. giving your opinion of a film/holiday
Review
etc. in a blog.
1.2. Writing: 4-step process
Writing well has four fundamental steps:
1. Identify 2. Organise 3. Write 4. Check
Step 1. Identify key words

Identify… Helps with… Essential for high grade in…

…whom are you writing Correct register Communicative achievement
…what you are writing Correct style Communicative achievement
…what ideas you must include Relevant Content Content
Exam Writing Guide B2

3
Step 2. Organise
Organisation is 25% of the grade in the writing paper. A plan is essential to organise
the content into paragraphs that transmit your ideas clearly.
Here are three methods:
1. Brainstorming related ideas for a report/article/review:
Idea 1
Central
topic
Idea 3 Idea 2
2. Organising ideas e.g. contrasting positive versus negative aspects of different

ideas in an essay:
Positive aspects Negative aspects

Idea 1:
(provided)
Idea 2:
(provided)
Idea 3
(your own idea)

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3. Listing paragraphs:
 Introduction: Introduce topic

 Idea 1: positive/negative aspects
 Conclusion: Evaluate & summarize ideas
Step 3. Write
Write the recommended number of words (140-190): You will NOT be directly
penalised for writing more, or less, than the recommended word limit. However, it
may negatively affect your grade in other areas:
 Writing that is too long:

• Content. You have included content that is irrelevant.
• Language. You have run out of time and are unable to check your work and
correct mistakes.
 Writing that is too short:

• Content. You will lose points if you have not included all the points and
developed your ideas sufficiently.
Before the exam, practise the recommended word limit in

TIP the time allowed.
DO NOT waste time counting words in the exam.
Step 4. Check
Stop writing and check your work: It is essential to check, check

and check again to maximise your grade in language.

5
1.3. Time management
As can be seen below, writing takes up only 60 % of the time.
Writing Paper exam 80 minutes (2 tasks)

Two writing tasks to complete: 40 minutes per task
1. Reading question and identify content: 2 minutes
2. Organising ideas: 5 minutes
3. Writing: 25 minutes
4. Checking: 8 minutes
TIP When practising, limit your time to that of the exam.
1.4. Register
Formal or informal?
Using the correct style (register) is critical to scoring high in Communicative

Achievement.
To determine the style, you first need to decide:

 To whom you are writing.
 What your purpose is.

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Formal letter/email Very formal
Essay Formal
Report/Proposal Semi formal/neutral
Review Informal
Letter/email to a friend Very informal
Formal or informal linking words and discourse markers?
Formal and informal discourse markers should NOT be mixed in the same piece of
writing.
Semi-formal/neutral markers can sometimes be adapted to a more, or less, formal

style, if appropriate to context.
Do not over-use, as this can seem artificial.
FORMAL REGISTER, e.g.:

Referencing/
Adding more Contrasting
Listing Summarising Changing
information information
subject order
First and As far as I am
Moreover, In contrast, Therefore,
foremost, concerned,
With reference
Initially Furthermore, However, Accordingly,
to…,
With regard
Further Additionally, Nonetheless, Consequently,
to…,
Lastly In addition, Nevertheless, Thus, In relation to…,

7
SEMI FORMAL/NEUTRAL REGISTER e.g.:
Referencing/
subject order
To begin with Likewise, Although, Therefore, Generally,
Initially In addition, Even though, Accordingly, In general,
In most/many
Further Additionally, Whereas, Overall,
cases,
Lastly, Similarly, Besides…, As a result, Relating to…,
INFORMAL REGISTER e.g.:

Referencing/
subject order
After…, Also, But…, Anyway/Anyhow Since…,
Then, As well as…, Or Because…, So,
Next, Just as…, Though, At any rate, Well…,
Avoid firstly/secondly/thirdly; on the one hand/on the other hand.
Common positioning and punctuation of discourse markers
Discourse marker at beginning of sentence. Follow with a comma:

 Formal: Further to your letter, I would like to add… (adverbial phrase).
 Informal: Well, you know that pub I went to for my birthday…
Discourse marker in middle of sentence. Precede and follow with comma:

 Formal: I would like to add, however, that I strongly disagree.

 Informal: I really don’t agree, and, at any rate, what does it matter?

8
1.5. Grading
A maximum of five points are awarded for each area:
Language (25%. 0–5 points): Organisation (25% 0-5 points):
 Paragraphing makes sense.

 Use complex clauses and a varied range
 Ideas in a clear and logical order.
of structures.
 Good use of linking devices for
 Accurate language.
continuity and contrast of ideas.
 Be ambitious.
 Easy to read.
Communicative Achievement
Content (25% 0-5 points):
(25%. 0-5 points):
 Appropriate register and tone.  All the points are covered and
 Interesting writing. developed.
 Complex ideas expressed clearly.  All content is relevant.

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Section 2. Writing Exam Part 1
2.1. Essay
There will only be one question with a short text.

Part 1: Compulsory question
You must write an essay.
Reasons for writing
 Write an essay based on points included in the text.

 Give reasons for your opinion.
 NOTE: It is essential to show your ability to select, defend and evaluate ideas.
Style
 Write in third person throughout, using an objective style.

 Exception: thesis statement (e.g. Here, I will argue that…) and conclusion (e.g. I
would argue that…) may briefly use the first person.
 Use the passive voice where appropriate: it is argued that…. Not: *I believe…
Structure
 An essay is made up of defined parts that provide cohesion to the writing.

 Each part plays a role in providing structure to the argument. See table below.
Exam Writing Guide C1

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Paragraph 1 Background: Introduce topic.
Introduction Thesis statement: This essay will discuss… [Idea 1, 2 & 3].
Paragraph leader: Express idea 1 in one sentence.
Paragraph 2
Paragraph body: Develop idea 1.
Paragraph leader: Express idea 2 in one sentence.
Paragraph 3
Paragraph body: Develop idea 2.
Summary: Evaluate ideas 1 and 2.
Paragraph 4
Conclusion Future suggestion, comment. Closing comment or question
(optional)
Remember:


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Step 2. Organise
Paragraph Function What to say
Background Football is a major sport in TV and newspapers.
This essay will

Paragraph 1
discuss /Here I will
Introduction 1. Not all sports shown in media.
argue….
2. Salaries.
3. Importance of all sports.
Mention idea 1, 2
&3
Paragraph 1
Idea 1 Some sports excluded i.e. women’s football
2leader
Paragraph 1 Give opinion about

Some sports only televised with Olympics
body idea 1
Paragraph 2
Idea 2 Salaries are too high
leader
Clubs make so much money from players
body idea 2
Paragraph 3
Idea 3 Need to encourage young people to play sport
leader
Important for physical and mental health
body idea 3
Summary:
Shouldn’t be so dominant, but it is a
Evaluate ideas 1, 2
Paragraph 4 consequence of supply and demand
&3
Conclusion
Future suggestion Include other sports

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Step 3. Write
Start with
Football is a major sport on TV and in newspapers. A recent study
background concluded that 80% of all the time dedicated to sport on TV was on
knowledge to
introduce the football. . Here, I will argue that while sports are essential to our
topic.
physical and mental wellbeing, the money generated by football is
Complex detrimental to other sports and athletes.
clause with
subordinator Many sports are almost excluded from the TV and newspapers.
This is particularly the case regarding women’s sports. Women’s
football shares only a fraction of the time and money dedicated to
Paragraph male players. Other sports are only televised during the Olympics.
leaders clearly
state the main Moreover, footballers’ salaries are very high. Clubs are offering
idea of the
paragraph. very large amounts of money to attract the best players. This
should be regulated by UEFA.
All sports are essential for physical and mental wellbeing. Schools,
and the media, need to encourage young people to play as much
sport as possible.
Discourse
markers, Arguably, football is too dominant in the media. However, this
followed by
comma, dominance of football is a consequence of supply and demand.
provide Therefore, I believe that while football is very popular, the media
additional
structure to should make an effort to include other sports for greater diversity.
the text.

13
Step 4. Check
Practice! Read the following questions and write an essay in 40 minutes.
You must answer this question. Write your answer in 140-190 words in an
appropriate style.

14
3.1. Types of texts
Choose one from a selection of three. The possible models are:

 Formal or informal letter/email (e.g. writing a job application or writing to a
cousin).
 Proposal (e.g. suggesting a solution to a problem).
 Report (e.g. summarising information and making a recommendation to your
boss). Review (e.g. give your opinion of a book or film in a blog).
3.2. Formal letter/email
Reason for writing
To reassure someone, justify a course of action, or correct a misunderstanding. For

example:
 Letter or email of application (for a job).
 Letter or email of complaint.
Style
A letter of application (for a job etc.) is one of the most formal of all writing styles,
with very strict conventions in its opening and closing sentences.
An email of application will still follow a formal style but may use less strict
conventions.

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Write in the first person where appropriate.
Structure
Use paragraphs to structure your writing and give coherence to your ideas:
Opening Dear…
Paragraph 1 Introduce the topic/ state reason for writing.

Develop the topic.
Paragraph 2 Give description and details.
Further discussion if needed.
Discuss desired result of letter.
Paragraph 3
Suggestions, recommendations, closing comments.
Sign off Yours sincerely, faithfully (depending on title used).
Starting and ending the letter
Start End
Dear Sir/Madam,
Yours faithfully,
If you don’t know the name
Dear Mr X, Yours sincerely,
Useful language
Opening sentences (letter of application)

I am writing to apply for the post / position of ... as advertised in (newspaper/ date)...
I am writing in reference to your advertisement, from the (newspaper/ date)...

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Opening sentences (letter of complaint)
I am writing with regard to the article entitled (name/date) to express my concern

about /disapproval of (reason for writing)…
I am writing in reference to the article entitled (name/date) to express my
disappointment with/dissatisfaction with (reason for writing)…
Body (letter of application)
I am sure that I would be successful in this post as I…

I am particularly interested in completing (the course) as…
Body (letter of complaint)
Firstly, / To begin with, / I would like to state that/ I would like to point out that…
In fact, / furthermore, / moreover, / in addition, / finally,
According to (your article),
Your (article) states that ... However,
Closing sentences of a letter of application
I very much hope you will (desired result)

I would appreciate it/be grateful if you would (desired result)
I look forward to receiving/seeing (desired result)
Desired result a letter of complaint

I trust you will (desired result)

It seems only fair that you should (desired action)
Considering the above, (I feel I am entitled to a full refund and a formal apology)

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Remember:
Step 2. Organise
Who to? Hotel manager.
Register? Very Formal. No name. Dear Sir/Madam.
Paragraph 1 Apply for job. Daily Herald.
Paragraph 2 About me (age, where I live, what I do, languages).

Reasons for applying – looking for summer work. Good
Paragraph 3
communication skills. Love children.
Paragraph 4 Available for interview via Skype. CV enclosed.
Paragraph 4 I look forward to hearing from you.
Sign off Yours faithfully.


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Step 3. Write
Correctly follows Dear Sir/Madam,

formal letter
writing I would like to apply for the post of Kids Club Assistant at your hotel
conventions
in York which I saw advertised on the Daily Herald newspaper
when opening
the letter website on the 15th March.
I am 23 years old and I am studying to be a Primary teacher at
university in Madrid. I speak fluent Spanish and advanced English.
I am looking to work in England for the summer to further improve
my English. I feel I would be suitable for this job as I have good
communication skills and I enjoy working with children. I have
Answers
question: helped at English language summer camps over the last two
“Why are
you summers, which I enjoyed very much.
suitable?” Please find my CV enclosed. I am available for an interview via
Skype until April.
If you need further information, please do not hesitate to contact
Correctly me. I look forward to hearing from you.
follows formal
letter writing
conventions
to sign off
Yours faithfully.

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Step 4. Check
Starting the paragraph in a formal letter can be the trickiest part.

TIP
Learn 1 or 2 opening sentences to help you.
Practice! Write a formal email/letter in 40 minutes.


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3.3. Informal letter/email writing
Reason for writing
 Email/letter to family member or friend.

 Ask for a favour/ a request for help.
Style
 A relaxed style with a very light tone.

 Mimic your style of speaking.
 Use exclamation marks and informal punctuation.
 Keep it fun/light-hearted if appropriate.
 Write in the first person.
Structure
Paragraph 1 Greeting. Setting up response for paragraph 2.
Paragraph 2 Idea 1 of required content + justification.
Paragraph 3 Idea 2 of required content + justification.
Paragraph 4 Closing sentences. Signing off.
Useful language
Start End
Dear… Regards (email-neutral)

From (letter-neutral)
Hi there! Love (family & best friends)

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Opening paragraph:
Great to hear from you!

Hey! How are you?
Body (informal)
I really love the…

What I most like is the…
And what about the…?
You must visit…
You mustn’t forget to visit the…
Closing paragraph
Write back as soon as you can!

Can’t wait to hear what happens!
Write soon!
Remember:


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Step 2. Organise
Topic Friends holiday in my area (London)
Who to? Close friend Rachel.
Register? Very informal.
Places to visit? Westminster, London Eye. Museums.
See local culture History, views Loads to see
Bus, bike or foot? See area on foot Underground or bus


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Step 3. Write
Hi Rachel!
Informal
opening of a How are you? I hope everything is well.
letter
If your friends are visiting my area, I think they ought to visit the
centre of London. The best way to travel there is probably by train,
Rhetorical
and once in London, by bus or underground. You can hire a bike, but
questions the roads can be dangerous as there’s a lot of traffic.
maintain
informal style The best places to visit are in the area around Westminster. The
London Eye, which is a really good ride as you can see so much of
Where
London, is just over the side of the river, but it is quite expensive. If
they want to see some culture, then the Houses of Parliament, Big
Use Ben and Westminster Abbey are all close together.
contractions in
informal texts Where else? Well, you know that pub I went for my birthday? I sent
you a selfie of me outside. It was built in the 1600s so it’s a really
Why
attractive place. They’ve got fabulous food, and it’s pretty good
value —not pricey at all. I’d definitely phone up and book though, if
you go in the evening. It’s impossible to get a table otherwise. Not
quite so busy at lunchtime, so maybe better then.
I think they might be turning on the Christmas lights that week, so
Consistently
chatty informal
if you are lucky you’ll get to see the display over the harbour —that
style can be amazing at night. But you know how cold it gets over here in
throughout
December —make sure you wrap up! You’ll freeze, if not!
Can’t wait to see you!
When Lots of love,
xx

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Step 4. Check
Do NOT use formal language and discourse markers to show off

TIP
your knowledge. Keep a chatty informal style throughout.
Practice! Read the following question and write an informal email/letter

in 40 minutes.
You have received an email from an English friend:


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3.4. Article
Reason for writing
 Promoting and discussing an idea on a website, blog, or local newspaper or

magazine.
 Written for a blog, website, or local newspaper or magazine.
Style
 Use catchy title to attract the reader’s interest.

 Use Informal language.
 Address readers directly.
 Use colloquial expressions.
 Include humorous comments and/or rhetorical questions to create interest where
appropriate.
 Use exclamation marks.
Structure
Title Get reader’s attention
Paragraph 1 Introduce idea
Paragraph 2 First aspect you love about the idea

Paragraph 3 Second aspect you love about the idea
Paragraph 4 Summarize opinion. Reconnect with tittle

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Useful language
Opening
 Use a catchy title.
Giving opinions (informal)

One thing I love is the…
What I most like is the…
What attracts me the most is the…
And what about the…?
Can’t stop thinking about the…
The coolest thing about… is the…
Closing
All in all,
You won’t regret the…
Remember:


27
Step 2. Organise
Who to? Website
Register? Informal.
Paragraph 1 Black jeans. Wear everywhere.

Smart – wear to work. Dress up for evening. Casual
Paragraph 2
with hoodie.
Paragraph 3 Wear with all types of shoes.
Paragraph 4 Most basic item is most useful


28
Step 3. Write
The essential addition to every wardrobe for men and women

Catches
attention
Is there any item of clothing more basic than a pair of jeans? You can
buy them in practically any colour imaginable. But in black, you can’t
go wrong!
Rhetorical
question to Black jeans can be worn with smart boots, and a white shirt and a
keep jacket to work. Want to go out for the evening after work? Just
readers
interested change your shirt for a dressier top and, abracadabra, you’re ready!
For the next day, all you have to do is put on a large hoodie over your
top from the night before, and it looks like a completely different
outfit.
Short closing The magic of jeans is that you can wear them with so many shoes-
comment
connects with from heels, or boots to trainers. This means they can be adapted to
purpose of almost any occasion.
writing
Look no further than the most basic item of clothing to find the most
useful addition to any wardrobe!

29
Step 4. Check
Practice! Read the following question and write a proposal in 45

minutes.
TIP Use contractions and informal punctuation.


30
3.5. Report
Reason for writing
 Summarize information.
 Discuss and evaluate points 1 & 2.
 Written for your boss, a professional group, or a school administrator.
Style
 Semi- formal or neutral language.

 Concise and well organised.
 Use headings/bullet points to aid organisation for easy reference.
Structure
Paragraph 1 Introduce topic
Paragraph 2 Discuss point 1 & give opinion
Paragraph 3 Discuss point 2 & give opinion
Paragraph 4 Conclusion. Evaluate points 1 & 2


31
Useful language
Presenting and contrasting arguments:

The first thing I would like to consider/ to be considered is…
To illustrate this point, I would like to present some examples of …
The main argument in favour/ against is…
First, I should like to consider…
Apart from that…
Even though …/ In spite of…
On the other hand,…
What is more…
What matters most in this case is…
There is no doubt that…
Reasoning:
As a result of / On account of /Owing to /Due to
Remember:


32
Step 2. Organise
Who to? Group leader
Register? Semi-formal.
Homework. Differing opinions between pupils, parents
Paragraph 1
and teachers.
Point 1: Amount of homework- parents think too
Paragraph 2
much. Teachers think it necessary to practice.
Point 2: Observe Maths and Natural Science lessons.
Paragraph 3
Different styles.
Paragraph 4 Conclusion.

33
Step 3. Write
To: Company Manager

From: Almudena Martín
Format
allows easy Subject: Research on homework
reference. The aim of report is to evaluate the amount of homework given by
different teachers at college
Quantity of homework
Teacher, parents and pupils have different opinions regarding the
amount of homework. Teachers state that an average of 1 hour of
homework is given per day for children between the ages of 10-14.
Parents and pupils complain that many more hours are often needed to
Headings be able to complete the tasks.
allow easy
reading
Different teaching styles
I recommend that the researchers observe lessons in Maths and Natural
Science as each teacher has a different style. The Maths teacher
frequently gives a lot of homework, while the Science teacher gives very
little.
Conclusion and recommendation

Short
conclusion Teachers often state that homework can be an effective tool in
provides education as it provides an opportunity to practice the concepts learnt
summary and
final
in class. However, it appears clear that some teachers believe in giving
evaluation. more homework, and others less. I recommend that schools have a
common policy that all teachers should follow.

34
Step 4. Check
Providing a subject at the beginning of the report helps you to

TIP
clarify arguments.
Practice! Read the following question and write a report in 40 minutes.


35
3.6. Review
Reason for writing
 Review a book, article, film, holiday etc.

 Describe and give your opinion.
 Written for a magazine, newspaper, or blog.
Style
 Use semi- informal language.

 Use first person where appropriate (I think, I believe…).
 Use an interesting title.
 Make it enjoyable and interesting to read.
 Include lots of adjectives and adverbs to describe (gripping/thrilling/amazingly…)
 Use rhetorical questions and exciting language to capture the reader’s interest.
Structure
1st paragraph Overview of book/film/holiday/restaurant etc.
2nd paragraph Greater detail on a book/film/holiday/restaurant etc.
3rd paragraph Evaluate and make recommendation.


36
Useful language
Expressing opinions
In my opinion
Personally, I believe that…
I agree/disagree with…
I am in favour of…
I identify with the main character because…
In my view…
If you ask me…
I believe that…
It seems to me that…
I am against the idea of…
Rhetorical questions
Have you ever…?
Are you one of those people who think that…?
What would life be like if…?
What do you think about…?
Are you one of those people who…?
Remember:


37
Step 2. Organise
Who to? website
Register? Semi-formal.
Pasta and Pizza.
Which restaurant?
Paragraph 1 Plastic chairs- doesn’t feel like good
Décor?
restaurant
Wide variety. Burrito is favourite-
Paragraph 2 What’s the food like?
spicy. Pizza/pasta are not good.
Paragraph 3 Problems? Can take ages to be seated
Good food. Friendly. Get there before
Paragraph 4 Recommendation?
9.30pm

38
Step 3. Write
Cheap and cheerful

Pasta and Pizza at first sight doesn’t look like a good restaurant
Clear title sets
tone because it has these plastic chairs and bar-like tables that make it
look more like an ice cream shop than a restaurant.
They have a wide variety of dishes with food from Mexico, the USA
Décor
and Italy. My favourite is the burrito, as it has a wonderful
combination of flavours and is just a little spicy. Personally, I thought
that neither the pasta nor the pizza were that good. You would think
that if the name of the restaurant is Pasta and Pizza, those dishes
Food
would be the best, wouldn’t you? If you ask me, I think they have too
much food to choose from on the menu, and they should take some
off.
As there are so many dishes, people also take ages to order as they
Describe have to read this really long menu. As a result, there are loads of
using
people waiting to be seated.
adjectives
I would recommend this restaurant because you get tasty food and
massive servings for not that much money, so it’s a pretty good deal.
Short summary The staff are friendly too. The only advise I would give is to get there
and before half past nine, as otherwise you won’t get a table.
recommendation

39
Step 4. Check
Think of and write about a real town/book/film that appeals to

TIP
you. It will be easier to write about and more interesting to read.
Practice! Read the following question and write an informal email/letter

in 40 minutes.

40
References
Cambridge English (2016). Assessing Writing Performance. [web file]. Retrieved
from: http://www.cambridgeenglish.org/exams-and-tests/advanced/

41
References
WRITING GUIDE FOR
INTERCAMBIOIDIOMASONLINE
THE B2 (FCE/ISE II)
HOW TO ACE THE WRITING TASKS
WWW.INTERCAMBIODIOMASONLINE.COM | Marc Andrew Huckle

La guía para el ´Writing´ de FCE
Los exámenes de Cambridge ESOL tienen una prueba de expresión escrita. La prueba consiste en dos
redacciones, la primera siendo un ensayo obligatoria y la segunda una elección entre 3 opciones.
Este documento explicará como contestar la primera pregunta con NOTA.
Explicación de la prueba y preguntas típicas P.3

Resolver tus dudas sobre esta parte del examen
Ejemplos de un ensayos con consejos P.4

(Para ejemplos de los otros textos hay que mirar el ebook: Getting through the B2)
Ver unos ejemplos de un ensayo y conocer el formato de una respuesta de alto nivel.
Frases claves para escribir mejor P.6
Frases para expresar tu opinión P.7
Frases para justificar tu opinión P.8
Conectores y frases para relacionar ´link´ temas P.9
Ejemplo de una pregunta para practicar P.10
Copyright©intercambioidiomasonline.com www.intercambioidiomasonline.com
Página 2
¿En qué consiste la prueba de la expresión escrita?
La prueba dura 1:20 minutos (unos 40 minutos cada redacción). Hay que escribir un ensayo y luego
tienes 3 opciones. Suelen ser una carta, un email, un reseña, un artículo o un informe (no
recomendamos el informe debido a las exigencias de la estructura y contenido). Cada texto debe ser
de entre 140-190 palabras. En APPF, aconsejamos que escribas mínimo 160 palabras para que no te
falte contenido. Cuanto más acerques a las 190 mejor.
Preguntas típicas
1. ¿Debo hacer alguna especie de plan?
Sí… Y lo vamos a poner en mayúsculas “SÍ”. Es fundamental tomar un par de minutos para
apuntar un pequeño esquema de lo que vas a escribir. Un buen ensayo empieza con un buen
plan. En el plan es fundamental incluir una introducción (captar el interés del lector), los
párrafos (cuantas vas a escribir, cuál será el punto principal, como relacionar los temas),
además de eso hay que pensar en los conectores qué vais a usar, frases claves y estructuras
gramaticales. La conclusión tiene que ser conciso y informativo.
2. ¿Pasa algo si me paso de las 190 palabras?
Sí y no. Antes te quitaban un punto por cada 5 palabras que te pasabas pero ahora solo te
perjudica la nota en cuanto al contenido. Si deciden que algo que has escrito no sea
relevante al tema, te baja la nota. Procura no pasar de las 190 palabras.
3. ¿Qué cuenta como ćomplex grammarén el writing?
En el ´language´ parte de la evaluación, el alumno tiene que demostrar flexibilidad y control

en el uso de estructuras gramaticales y usar varias estructuras complejas (passive voice,
relative clauses, modal verbs, conditionals, reported speech, inversions). Para saber más de
las estructuras gramaticales necesarias para el FCE ha de usar el ebook: Getting through the
B2 como punto de referencia.
Página 3
Cómo escribir un Ensayo (essay) para el B2 First Certificate de Cambridge
Un éssay´ es la primera parte de la expresión escrita del examen. Es una pregunta obligatoria que
hay que escribir de 160-190 palabras. Es un texto en lo cual hay que analizar un tema (suele ser una
situación o un problema) Debes argumentar los distintos puntos de vista sobre el tema y expresar tu
opinión sobre el mismo.
Un ensayo Éssay´ tiene las siguientes partes:
Introducción
Introducir el tema y presentar como vas a contestar la pregunta. Es imprescindible captar el interés
del lector.
1º párrafo
De los apuntes en la preguntar hay que escribir sobre el punto principal de tu argumento
2º párrafo
Hay que discutir los otros dos puntos de los apuntes, razonando porque están relacionados (se
puede separar los párrafos si te es más conveniente)
Conclusión
Hay que escribir una conclusión, en la cual incorporas tu opinión sobre el tema y demostrando lo
que el lector debería haber sacado del ensayo.
¿Qué buscan en un buen ensayo?
Un ensayo a nivel B2 debe ser ´semi-formal´. Hay que opinar sobre el tema y justificar tu opinión de
una forma imparcial (menos en la conclusión). Lo que están buscando es un equilibrio entre todos
los puntos de vista. Todo el contenido tiene que ser relevante a la pregunta y no debes desviarte del
tema.
Hay que evitar; contracciones (can´t) y lenguaje coloquial.
Página 4
Ejemplos de preguntas con respuestas:
In English class you have been debating the advantages and disadvantages of studying English
abroad.
Write an essay giving reasons for your opinions
Title: Many students spend a lot of money to study English in an English speaking country, but is it
worth it?
Notes: write about
1. Costs
2. Teaching methods
3. Immersion technique
Many students spend a lot of money to study English in an English speaking country, but is it worth
it?
To get started it is important to understand that learning English is of the utmost importance for
people in Spain. Education experts say that the demand for a high level of English is only going to
increase so we all need to find the best way of learning this language.
Firstly, we need to look at the cost of learning a language. We study English at school from the age of
3 but the level of classes and teaching is generally quite poor so our parents invest a lot of money in
private language schools to help us through our exams. This is a costly process but we need to think,
is it the quickest way to learn? Wouldn´t it be better to go to an English speaking country?
Going abroad to study is a fantastic experience and we generally make a lot more progress than we
would that if we stayed in our own country, but it is extremely expensive. Not all people can afford it
and they need to try to get grants to be able to go. The advantages are obvious because we are
surrounded by the language and we are forced to use it in real life situations. But it is important to
find people to practice with who are willing to be patient and help us.
To summarise, it is a fantastic opportunity to go abroad to study but it is important to have a good

teacher and to be focussed on learning or you could waste your time, and a lot of money.
Página 5
In English class you have been discussing free time and how habits have changed nowadays from the
past.
Is it easier to find opportunities to do what you enjoy in your free time than in the past?
Discuss the issues involved:
1. Work.
2. Facilities
3. Time available to the general population.
Can we use our free time better nowadays than in the past?
A lack of free time can be a cause of stress and therefore, health problems. On starting this essay, it
is important to take into account the various factors that have changed our access to free time
activities from that of past generations.
Firstly, we should mention that in general, people have never had so many opportunities to enjoy
leisure activities as they do today. People generally had less time and money to do as they pleased
as the standard of living was lower. But the way we work also has a negative influence as in this day
and age there is far more pressure to succeed and we are discouraged from using our free time
unproductively.
In spite of having a vast amount of facilities and money to our advantage we have more distractions
that prevent us from doing what we enjoy. Due to the emergence of the internet and technological
advances, it is all too easy for us to waste our spare time.
Given these points, I believe we have more time and money to do what we like in our free time that
in the past but people do not necessarily use it in a better way.
Página 6
In class you have had a group discussion about the education system in your country.
How could the education system be improved in your country?
Discuss:
1. Funding
2. Teaching methods
3. (your own idea)
How could the education system be improved in Spain?
Spain has one of the highest drop-out rates in high school in Europe so it is obvious that something is
failing. To kick off this essay we are going to look at the current state of education and how to
improve it.
On the one hand, Spain has just experience an extreme economic recession, therefore funding has
been cut and this of course has lead to a lack of resources. Teachers will have had a bad time trying
to maintain standards due to this fact. A simple increase of investment in education could help to
make things better for both teachers and students.
On the other hand, teaching methods in Spain are said to be among the worst in the world. There
needs to be an extreme change in the training process for teachers, especially to assimilate the
recent emergence of bilingualism. Good teacher come out of a well-formed training system.
In brief, Changes need to be made at both government and grass roots levels to ensure that future
generations have a bright future. Starting with funding teacher training so that teachers can change
the face of the education system.
Página 7
Frases claves para escribir mejor
STARTING: CONCLUSION: CONTRAST: TIME:
To get started as can be seen although this may be Firstly, secondly, thirdly
true
in the final analysis in due time as soon as
On starting this essay in contrast
all things considered as long as
Firstly different from
as shown above as soon as
To begin with of course ..., but
in the long run at the moment
on the other hand
In the first place given these points in good time
on the contrary
until now as has been noted in the meantime
at the same time
the first point I´d like to in a word in a moment
make is in spite of
for the most part in ages
even so / though
it is time to after all whenever
be that as it may
I would like to start by in fact now that
then again
in summary instantly
To start with
above all
in conclusion without delay
To introduce the topic in reality
in short all of a sudden
To kick off this essay after all
in brief at the present time
although
The first thing to mention is in essence from time to time
instead
As a starting point to summarize sooner or later
whereas
on balance at the same time
In the first part
despite
altogether up to the present time
On the one hand conversely
overall at this instant
otherwise
by and large first, second
however
to sum up in time
rather
on the whole prior to
nevertheless
in any event straightaway
nonetheless
taking all of this into by the time
account regardless in this day and age
all in all as if/though
Página 8
Expresar tu opinión
In my opinion,...
In my eyes,...
To my mind,...
As far as I am concerned,...
Speaking personally,...
From my point of view,...
As for me / As to me,...
My view / opinion / belief / impression / conviction is that...
I hold the view that...
I would say that...
It seems to me that...
I am of the opinion that...
My impression is that...
I am under the impression that...
It is my impression that...
I have the feeling that...
My own feeling on the subject is that...
I have no doubt that...
I am sure / I am certain that...
I think / consider / find / feel / believe / suppose / presume / assume/reckon that...
I hold the opinion that... (I form / adopt an opinion.)
I dare say that...
I guess that...
I bet that....
I gather that...
It goes without saying that...
Página 9
Justificar tu opinión
Estas frases son flexibles y se puede modificar para ajustarlas al contexto
To begin, you can use these basic (B1) phrases to justify an opinion in English:
because...
the reason is...
the reason I believe that is...
the facts suggest...
the evidence shows...
taking into account what I have seen…
You can justify your opinion more effectively by being more specific. Try some intermediate (B2)
phrases like these:
The first reason I believe this is...

The main reason I feel this way is...
There are several reasons I believe this. The first is...
When you are not completely certain, you can try one of these more advanced (C1) English phrases:
I don't have any special reason for believing this. It just seems right to me that…
I could be wrong as I have no special reason for believing this. I just feel this is right as…
I´m not sure why I feel this way but I have reason to believe…
When you ARE certain, try one of these phrases:
There is a lot of evidence to support my point of view. For example...

There are many facts in favour of my opinion. One such fact is...
From my own personal experience, I am lead to believe…
Página 10
Conectores
Cada conector tiene una función distinta. Ha de tener en cuenta la diferencias gramaticales de cada.
ADDING INFORMATION CONTRAST

And, also, as well, in addition, besides, above all However, but, although, on the other hand,
despite, in spite of, even though, though
GIVING EXAMPLES SIMILARITY

Such as, for example, like, for instance, as Similarly, equally, likewise, in the same way
follows:
REINFORCEMENT RESULT
Also, furthermore, moreover, above all, not So, therefore, as a result, because of this,
only… but also consequently, thus, hence, in that case
DEDUCTION SUMMARY
Otherwise, in other words, then, in that case In conclusion, to sum up, in brief, to sum up,
therefore, to summarise
SEQUENCE STATING THE OBVIOUS

Firstly, secondly, thirdly, lastly, next, after, to Obviously, clearly, naturally, of course, naturally,
start with, to finish, surely, after all
Linking:
´Linking´ se refiere a la forma que el escritor relaciona sus ideas con otras. Es fundamental hacer esto
para formar un argumento.
As I have said before...

With respect to the point on...
Regarding...
Like I have said...
In relation to...
Taking into account...
Página 11
Ejemplo de una pregunta para practicar
El candidato ha de escribir un ensayo de 160-190 palabras usando la pregunta y los apuntes como
referencia. Debe incluir su opinión y también tener un formato organizado con párrafos distintos
que sirven un propósito cada uno.
Should famous sports stars earn more money than people in other professions, such as doctors,
teachers or nurses?
- Time spent at work

- Training needed
- (your own idea)
Consejos:
Titulo – el candidato debe incluir un titulo. Tiene la opción de usar la pregunta ´ Should famous
sports stars earn more money than people in other professions, such as doctors, teachers or
nurses?´ o si no, debes formar un titulo que indique el tono de la respuesta.
Organización – hay que escribir párrafos. Una introducción que explique cómo vas a contestar la
pregunta y además capte el interés del lector. Por lo menos dos párrafos que traten de los 3 puntos
de la pregunta (si se puede juntar dos de ellos, no hay nada malo de hacerlo). La conclusión tiene
que expresar la opinión del candidato sobre el tema.
Equilibrio de la respuesta – es mejor mantenerse imparcial durante casi todo el ensayo, habla de
todos los puntos de vista y luego en la conclusión hay que opinar sobre el tema y justificarlo.
Suerte con el examen y no dudes en escribirnos al foro para que solucionemos alguna duda que
pueda surgir
Página 12

Exam Writing Guide: Cambridge B2 First

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Exam Writing Guide: Cambridge B2 First

Section 2. Writing Exam Part 1 10

Section 3. Writing Exam Part 2 15

3.3. Informal letter/email writing 21

1.1. Two-part exam

Part 2 Choose one:

1.2. Writing: 4-step process

Writing well has four fundamental steps:

1. Identify 2. Organise 3. Write 4. Check

Step 1. Identify key words

Identify… Helps with… Essential for high grade in…

Exam Writing Guide B2

Here are three methods:

1. Brainstorming related ideas for a report/article/review:

2. Organising ideas e.g. contrasting positive versus negative aspects of different

Positive aspects Negative aspects

Exam Writing Guide B2

 Introduction: Introduce topic

 Writing that is too long:

 Writing that is too short:

Before the exam, practise the recommended word limit in

Stop writing and check your work: It is essential to check, check

Exam Writing Guide B2

As can be seen below, writing takes up only 60 % of the time.

Writing Paper exam 80 minutes (2 tasks)

TIP When practising, limit your time to that of the exam.

Using the correct style (register) is critical to scoring high in Communicative

To determine the style, you first need to decide:

Exam Writing Guide B2

Report/Proposal Semi formal/neutral

Letter/email to a friend Very informal

Formal or informal linking words and discourse markers?

Semi-formal/neutral markers can sometimes be adapted to a more, or less, formal

Do not over-use, as this can seem artificial.

FORMAL REGISTER, e.g.:

Lastly In addition, Nevertheless, Thus, In relation to…,

Exam Writing Guide B2

Initially In addition, Even though, Accordingly, In general,

Lastly, Similarly, Besides…, As a result, Relating to…,

INFORMAL REGISTER e.g.:

Then, As well as…, Or Because…, So,

Next, Just as…, Though, At any rate, Well…,

Avoid firstly/secondly/thirdly; on the one hand/on the other hand.

Common positioning and punctuation of discourse markers

Discourse marker at beginning of sentence. Follow with a comma:

Discourse marker in middle of sentence. Precede and follow with comma:

 Formal: I would like to add, however, that I strongly disagree.

Exam Writing Guide B2

A maximum of five points are awarded for each area:

Language (25%. 0–5 points): Organisation (25% 0-5 points):

 Paragraphing makes sense.

Exam Writing Guide B2

There will only be one question with a short text.

Reasons for writing

 Write an essay based on points included in the text.

 Write in third person throughout, using an objective style.

 An essay is made up of defined parts that provide cohesion to the writing.

Exam Writing Guide C1

1. Identify 2. Organise 3. Write 4. Check