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Features of Java
The primary objective of Java programming language
creation was to make it portable, simple and secure
programming language. Apart from this, there are also
some excellent features which play an important role in
the popularity of this language. The features of Java are
also known as Java buzzwords.
A list of the most important features of the Java language
is given below.
1. Simple
2. Object-Oriented
3. Portable
4. Platform independent
5. Secured
6. Robust
7. Architecture neutral
8. Interpreted
9. High Performance
10. Multithreaded
11. Distributed
12. Dynamic
Features of Java - Javatpoint
Simple
Java is very easy to learn, and its syntax is simple, clean
and easy to understand. According to Sun Microsystem,
Java language is a simple programming language
because:
Java syntax is based on C++ (so easier for
programmers to learn it after C++).
Java has removed many complicated and rarely-
used features, for example, explicit pointers,
operator overloading, etc.
There is no need to remove unreferenced objects
because there is an Automatic Garbage Collection
in Java.
Object-oriented
Java is an object-oriented programming language.
Everything in Java is an object. Object-oriented means we
organize our software as a combination of different types
of objects that incorporate both data and behavior.
Object-oriented programming (OOPs) is a methodology
that simplifies software development and maintenance by
providing some rules.
Basic concepts of OOPs are:
1. Object
2. Class
3. Inheritance
4. Polymorphism
5. Abstraction
6. Encapsulation
Platform Independent
Java is platform independent because it is different from
other languages like C, C++, etc. which are compiled into
platform specific machines while Java is a write once, run
anywhere language. A platform is the hardware or
software environment in which a program runs.
There are two types of platforms software-based and
hardware-based. Java provides a software-based
platform.
The Java platform differs from most other platforms in the
sense that it is a software-based platform that runs on top
of other hardware-based platforms. It has two
components:
1. Runtime Environment
2. API(Application Programming Interface)
Java code can be executed on multiple platforms, for
example, Windows, Linux, Sun Solaris, Mac/OS, etc. Java
code is compiled by the compiler and converted into
bytecode. This bytecode is a platform-independent code
because it can be run on multiple platforms, i.e., Write
Once and Run Anywhere (WORA).
Secured
Java is best known for its security. With Java, we can
develop virus-free systems. Java is secured because:
No explicit pointer
Java Programs run inside a virtual machine
sandbox
Classloader: Classloader in Java is a part of the
Java Runtime Environment (JRE) which is used to
load Java classes into the Java Virtual Machine
dynamically. It adds security by separating the
package for the classes of the local file system
from those that are imported from network sources.
Bytecode Verifier: It checks the code fragments for
illegal code that can violate access rights to
objects.
Security Manager: It determines what resources a
class can access such as reading and writing to the
local disk.
Java language provides these securities by default. Some
security can also be provided by an application developer
explicitly through SSL, JAAS, Cryptography, etc.
Robust
The English mining of Robust is strong. Java is robust
because:
It uses strong memory management.
There is a lack of pointers that avoids security
problems.
Java provides automatic garbage collection which
runs on the Java Virtual Machine to get rid of
objects which are not being used by a Java
application anymore.
There are exception handling and the type checking
mechanism in Java. All these points make Java
robust.
Architecture-neutral
Java is architecture neutral because there are no
implementation dependent features, for example, the size
of primitive types is fixed.
In C programming, int data type occupies 2 bytes of
memory for 32-bit architecture and 4 bytes of memory for
64-bit architecture. However, it occupies 4 bytes of
memory for both 32 and 64-bit architectures in Java.
Portable
Java is portable because it facilitates you to carry the
Java bytecode to any platform. It doesn't require any
implementation.
High-performance
Java is faster than other traditional interpreted
programming languages because Java bytecode is "close"
to native code. It is still a little bit slower than a compiled
language (e.g., C++). Java is an interpreted language that
is why it is slower than compiled languages, e.g., C, C++,
etc.
Distributed
Java is distributed because it facilitates users to create
distributed applications in Java. RMI and EJB are used for
creating distributed applications. This feature of Java
makes us able to access files by calling the methods from
any machine on the internet.
Multi-threaded
A thread is like a separate program, executing
concurrently. We can write Java programs that deal with
many tasks at once by defining multiple threads. The main
advantage of multi-threading is that it doesn't occupy
memory for each thread. It shares a common memory
area. Threads are important for multi-media, Web
applications, etc.
Dynamic
Java is a dynamic language. It supports the dynamic
loading of classes. It means classes are loaded on
demand. It also supports functions from its native
languages, i.e., C and C++.
Java supports dynamic compilation and automatic
memory management (garbage collection).
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