CL 254: Process Fluid Mechanics 2022 (S1) Tutorial 2: Due Date - 24 Jan 2022, 23:59

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CL 254: Process Fluid Mechanics 2022 (S1)

Tutorial 2 : Due date - 24 Jan 2022, 23:59

1. A two-dimensional reducing bend has a linear velocity profile at section 1. The flow is
uniform at sections 2 and 3. The fluid is incompressible and the flow is steady. Find
the maximum velocity, V1,max at section 1 .

2. Viscous liquid from a circular tank, D =300 mm in diameter, drains through a long
circular tube of radius R = 50 mm. The velocity profile at the tube discharge is
𝑟 2
𝑢𝑚𝑎𝑥 [1 − ( ) ]
𝑅
1
Show that the average speed of flow in the drain tube is 𝑉̅ = 2 𝑢𝑚𝑎𝑥 . Evaluate the
rate of change of liquid level in the tank at the instant when umax = 0.155 m/s.
3. When a uniform stream flows past an immersed thick cylinder, a broad low-velocity
wake is created downstream, idealized as a V shape in figure given below. Pressures
p1 and p2 are approximately equal. If the flow is two-dimensional and
incompressible, with width b into the paper, derive a formula for the drag force F on
the cylinder. Rewrite your result in the form of a dimensionless drag coefficient
based on body length CD = F/(ρU2bL).

4. Water at 20°C flows through the elbow as in the given figure and exits to the
atmosphere. The pipe diameter is D1 = 10 cm, while D2 = 3 cm. At a weight flow rate
of 150 N/s, the pressure p1 = 2.3 atm (gage). Neglecting the weight of water and
elbow, estimate the force on the flange bolts at section 1
5. Hydraulic jump sometimes occurs in open channel or river flow. Under the proper
conditions, a rapidly flowing stream of liquid suddenly changes to a slowly flowing or
tranquil stream with an attendant rise in the elevation of the liquid surface. By using
mass and momentum balances on control volumes that extend unit distance normal
to the plane of the figure, neglecting friction at the bottom of the channel, and
assuming the velocity profiles to be flat, obtain an expression for downstream depth
d2 in terms of d1 and u1. If u1 = 5 m/s and d1 = 0.2 m, what are the corresponding
downstream values?

6. A hot-air balloon must be designed to support basket, cords, and one person for a
total weight of 1300 N. The balloon material has a mass of 60 g/m2 . Ambient air is at
25oC and 1 atm. The hot air inside the balloon is at 70oC and 1 atm. What diameter
spherical balloon will just support the total weight? Neglect the size of the hot-air
inlet vent.

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