Digital Signal Processing

(Course code- ECE 303)

Lecture
#0

Course Tutor:
Dr. Kirti Rawal
Associate Professor
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SEEE, LPU
 Course Organization
❑LTP* – 2 0 2 [Two lectures/week]

❑Duration- 14 Weeks
▪ 7 Weeks Before MTE**

▪ 7 Weeks After MTE

Per week- 2 Lectures and 2 practical

* Lecture Tutorial Practical

** Mid Term Exams
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 Reading Material
Text Book

Author Publisher
Sr. No Title Edition Year
Name
John G Proakis,
Digital Signal Processing
Dimtris G
T1 Principles, Algorithms and 4th 2007 Prentice hall
Manolakis
Application

Reference Books

S. Salivahan, A
Mcgraw Hill
R1 Digital Signal Processing Vallavaraj, 1st 2008
Education
Gnanpiya

Digital Signal Processing-A Mcgraw Hill

R2 S. K. Mitra 4th 2013
Computer Based Approach Education

PHI
A.Anand Kumar
R3 Digital Signal Processing Learning
Pvt Ltd

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Reading Material
Text Reference
Reference
 Course Assessment Model

Marks break up
▪ Attendance 5
▪ CA* 25
▪ MTE 20
▪ ETE** 50
▪ Total 100

*Continuous Assessment
** End Term Exams

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 Course Objectives
• Represent discrete-time signals analytically and visualize them in the time
domain.

• Understand the meaning and implications of the properties of systems and

signals.

• Understand the Transform domain and its significance and problems related to

computational complexity.

• Design digital signal processing algorithms.

• Be able to specify and design any digital filter using MATLAB.

• Explain how Digital Signal Processing concepts are used in some selected
applications.
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 Digital Signal Processing?

❑ Digital →
use of discrete signals to represent data in the form of numbers

❑ Signal→
Parameter by which information is conveyed

❑ Processing →
Perform operations on data according to programmed instructions

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_________ is defined as any
physical quantity that
varies with time, space or
any other independent
variable
A. Signal
B. system
C. signals & system
D. none of the above
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A

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 Digital Signal Processing
• Represent signals by a sequence of numbers
– Sampling or analog-to-digital conversions

• Perform processing on these numbers with a digital processor

– Digital signal processing

• Reconstruct analog signal from processed numbers

– Reconstruction or digital-to-analog conversion

digital digital
signal signal

analog analog
signal A/D DSP D/A signal

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 Digital Signal Processing And Its
Benefits
By a signal we mean any variable that carries or contains some kind of information that can be
conveyed, displayed or manipulated.

Examples of signals of particular interest are:

- speech, is encountered in telephony, radio, and everyday life
- biomedical signals, (heart signals, brain signals)

2.6

2.4

2.2

1.8

1.6

1.4

1.2

0.8

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

• ECG

Tomography
 Significant features of ECG waveform

• A typical scalar electrocardiographic lead is shown in

Fig. 1, where the significant features of the waveform are
the P, Q, R, S, and T waves, the duration of each wave,
and certain time intervals such as the P-R, S-T, and Q-T
intervals.
• Sound and music, as reproduced by the compact disc player

• Video and image,

• Radar signals, which are used to determine the range and bearing of distant targets
Example
Examples
An example of a discrete
set of information/system
is
a) the trajectory of the Sun
b) data on a CD
c) universe time scale
d) movement of water through a pipe

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B

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➢no need to modify the hardware

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❑ Perfect Reproducibility:
Identical performance from unit to unit, i.e. A digital
recording can be copied or reproduced several times with
no loss in signal quality
❑Uses advances in semiconductor technology to achieve:
(i) smaller size
(ii) lower cost
(iii) low power consumption
(iv) higher operating speed
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❑ Superior performance

➢ linear phase response can be achieved. Signals can be

processed without any delay distortion.

➢ complex adaptive filtering becomes possible

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A signal can be represented
in
A. time domain
B. frequency domain
C. both (a) and (b)
D. none of the above

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C

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 Disadvantages of DSP
❑ Speed and Cost

➢ DSP designs can be expensive, especially when large bandwidth signals are
involved.

➢ ADC or DACs are either to expensive or do not have sufficient resolution for
wide bandwidth applications.

❑ DSP designs can be time consuming plus need the

necessary resources (software etc)
❑Finite word-length problems
➢ If only a limited number of bits is used due to economic considerations

serious degradation in system performance may result.

➢ The use of finite precision arithmetic makes it necessary to quantize
filter calculations by rounding or truncation.
➢ Roundoff noise is that error in the filter output that results from rounding
or truncating calculations within the filter.

❑Requirement of High Speed ADC and High speed

DSP Processors
➢The frequency range is limited in DSP due to limited rate at which signal
is sampled.
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 Applications Areas
Image Processing Instrumentation/Control Speech/Audio Military
Pattern recognition spectrum analysis speech recognition secure communication
Robotic vision noise reduction speech synthesis radar processing
Image enhancement data compression text to speech sonar processing
animation position and rate digital audio missile guidance
control equalization

Telecommunications Biomedical Consumer applications

Echo cancellation patient monitoring cellular mobile phones
Adaptive equalization scanners
Spread spectrum EEG brain mappers digital television
Video conferencing ECG Analysis digital cameras
X-Ray storage/enhancement internet phone
etc

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 UNIT 1: Review on Discrete Time Signals
and Systems
❑ An overview of various signals:
▪ Continuous/Discrete
▪ Periodic/Aperiodic
▪ Deterministic/Random
▪ Energy/Power
▪ Odd/Even

❑ Classification of Discrete Time Systems.

❑ Linear Convolution and Correlation
❑ Z-Transform
❑ Introduction to IIR and FIR impulse response31
systems
Unit1: Review on Discrete-Time Signals
and Systems
 UNIT 2:System Implementation and Fourier
Analysis

❑ Realization of systems
Direct Form-I

Direct Form-II

❑ Cascade and Parallel Structure

❑ Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) and its Properties

❑ Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform(IDFT)

❑ Fast Fourier Transform (FFT)

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Unit2: System
implementation and
Fourier analysis
 UNIT 3: Design of FIR filters

➢ FIR Filter design using

▪ Rectangular Window

▪ Hamming Window

▪ Hanning Window

▪ Blackman Window

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 UNIT 4: Design of IIR - Butterworth filter
❑ IIR Filter design using
▪ Impulse Invariance

▪ Bilinear Transformation

❑ Introduction to Butterworth Analog Filters

❑ Designing of Butterworth filter using

▪ Low pass

▪ High pass

▪ Band pass

▪ Band stop
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 UNIT 5: Finite Word length Effects and
Design of IIR - Chebyshev filter
❑ Finite Word Length Effects
▪ Input and Quantization Error

▪ Overflow and Limit Cycles

▪ Coefficient Error
❑ Introduction and Design of Chebyshev filter using
▪ Low pass

▪ High pass

▪ Band pass

▪ Band stop

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 UNIT 6: Applications of Signal Processing

❑Applications of Signal Processing

▪ Biomedical signal processing-ECG and EEG

▪ Digital image processing-image enhancement and

segmentation

▪ Digital communication- mobile phone signal processing and

RADAR with their block diagrams

▪ Music system

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