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    Experiment Em-4: Conservation of Energy 1.0 Learning Outcomes

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    Haziq Hakimie
    This document describes an experiment on the conservation of energy. The experiment uses a linear motion apparatus to study the conversion between potential and kinetic energy as a carriage moves down an inclined rail. Students will calculate the potential and kinetic energy at different angles and masses to show that the total mechanical energy remains constant, demonstrating the principle of conservation of energy. Precautions are outlined to safely conduct the experiment and collect velocity and time data to analyze the relationships between potential, kinetic, and lost energy.

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    Experiment Em-4: Conservation of Energy 1.0 Learning Outcomes

    Uploaded by

    Haziq Hakimie
    60 views3 pages
    This document describes an experiment on the conservation of energy. The experiment uses a linear motion apparatus to study the conversion between potential and kinetic energy as a carriage moves down an inclined rail. Students will calculate the potential and kinetic energy at different angles and masses to show that the total mechanical energy remains constant, demonstrating the principle of conservation of energy. Precautions are outlined to safely conduct the experiment and collect velocity and time data to analyze the relationships between potential, kinetic, and lost energy.

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    LAB 4 DJJ30093_EM_JUN 2020

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    This document describes an experiment on the conservation of energy. The experiment uses a linear motion apparatus to study the conversion between potential and kinetic energy as a carriage moves down an inclined rail. Students will calculate the potential and kinetic energy at different angles and masses to show that the total mechanical energy remains constant, demonstrating the principle of conservation of energy. Precautions are outlined to safely conduct the experiment and collect velocity and time data to analyze the relationships between potential, kinetic, and lost energy.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    60 views3 pages

    Experiment Em-4: Conservation of Energy 1.0 Learning Outcomes

    Uploaded by

    Haziq Hakimie
    This document describes an experiment on the conservation of energy. The experiment uses a linear motion apparatus to study the conversion between potential and kinetic energy as a carriage moves down an inclined rail. Students will calculate the potential and kinetic energy at different angles and masses to show that the total mechanical energy remains constant, demonstrating the principle of conservation of energy. Precautions are outlined to safely conduct the experiment and collect velocity and time data to analyze the relationships between potential, kinetic, and lost energy.

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    POLYTECHNIC UNGKU OMAR

    MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

    EXPERIMENT EM-4: CONSERVATION OF ENERGY


    1.0 LEARNING OUTCOMES:
    At the end of this experiment, the student should be able to:
    1.1 Understanding the kinetic and potential energy
    1.2 Relate the experiment with the concept of conservation of energy

    2.0 APPARATUS/EQUIPMENT:
    2.1 LS-12083 Linear Motion Apparatus
    2.2 Carriage
    2.3 Adjustable level block

    Figure 2: LS-1208 Linear Motion Apparatus

    3.0 SAFETY AND PRECAUTION:


    3.1 Do not touch the lens photoelectric sensor
    3.2 Before start the experiment, make sure all screws are tighten
    3.3 Be careful of moving part
    3.4 Do not adjust the setting of digital speed meter

    4.0 THEORY
    Potential Energy, PE
    Defined as the amount of work it would do if it were to move from its current
    position to the standard position.
    A body is at rest on the earth's surface. It is then raised a vertical distance h above
    the surface. The work required to do this is the force required times the distance h.
    Since the force required is its weight, and weight, W = mg, then the work required is
    mgh.
    The body now possesses this amount of energy - stored as potential energy - it has
    the capacity to do this amount of work, and would do so if allowed to fall to earth.
    POLYTECHNIC UNGKU OMAR
    MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

    Potential energy, PE is thus given by: PE = mgh

    Kinetic Energy, KE
    Kinetic energy may be described as energy due to motion.
    The kinetic energy of a body may be defined as the amount of work it can do before
    being brought to rest.
    KE = ½ mv2

    Conservation of Mechanical Energy


    The principle of conservation of energy states that the total energy of a system
    remains constant. Energy cannot be created or destroyed but may be converted
    from one form to another.
    Take the case of a box on a slope. Initially it is at rest, all its energy is potential
    energy. As it accelerates, some of it potential energy is converted into kinetic energy
    and some used to overcome friction. This energy used to overcome friction is not
    lost but converted into heat. At the bottom of the slope the energy will be purely
    kinetic (assuming the datum for potential energy is the bottom of the slope).
    ∆PE = ∆KE

    5.0 PROCEDURES
    5.1 Determine the angle of the rail by using protractor
    5.2 Tighten the Allan key to grip the rail
    5.3 Switch on the meter.
    5.4 Put and hold the carriage at the bottom of the rail, just before the sensor 1.
    5.5 Put a weight on the weight hanger
    5.6 Release the carriage and let it moving down, sensor 1 will detect the motion
    and start the stop watch.
    5.7 Take the time when the carriage is passing the sensor 2.
    5.8 Read the velocity at the meter.
    5.9 Repeat the experiment with other angles.

    6.0 RESULT
    Refer appendix 1

    7.0 DISCUSSION
    Discuss the result obtained. Explain the relationship between potential energy and
    kinetic energy. Relate the finding of the experiment with the concept of the
    conservation of energy.

    8.0 CONCLUSION
    Conclude your experiment based on the finding obtained.
    POLYTECHNIC UNGKU OMAR
    MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

    Appendix1
    Table EM4: Kinetics of Particles
    RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN WEIGHTS AND FRICTION
    S=0.56m, M=0.646 kg, θ=50

    Angle, Mass, Force, Work Done Height, Potential velocity, Work Done by Kinetic Energy loss due to friction.
    θ (0) m (kg) F = mg by Force, h = S sin θ Energy, v (m/s) Weight, Energy ∑W = ∆PE + ∆KE
    (N) WF = F S (m) ∆PE = Mgh Ww = Mgsinθ x S ∆KE = ½ Mv2 (WF – Ww – Wfriction) = ∆PE + ∆KE
    (Joule) (Joule) (Joule) (Joule) Wfriction = WF – ∆KE - ∆PE - Ww
    (Joule)
    0 0.15
    5 0.20
    10 0.25
    15 0.35

    Point 2

    Point 1

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