Department of Education

SCHOOLS DIVISION OF CITY OF MEYCAUAYAN

Pag-asa St., Malhacan, City of Meycauayan, Bulacan

4 Senior High School

Activity Sheet 11
in
ENGLISH
English for Academic and
Professional Purposes
Second Quarter - Week 5 - 6
Designs, tests, and revises survey
questionnaires*
(CS_EN11/12A-EAPPIIe-j-7)
Conducts surveys, experiments, or
observations*
(CS_EN11/12A-EAPPIIe-j-8)
 DESIGNING, TESTING AND REVISING SURVEY
QUESTIONNAIRES AND CONDUCTING SURVEYS,
EXPERIMENTS OR OBSERVATIONS

LET US KNOW

A. What to Expect
In this lesson, you will design, test and revise survey questionnaires then
conduct surveys, experiments, or observations. Specifically, you will be able to:
1. define research instrument.
2. determine different types of research instruments.
3. prepare or develop an appropriate instrument or survey questionnaire needed for
the proposed feasibility study or research concept;
4. utilize and implement developed research instrument to gather preliminary data
needed for the proposed feasibility study or research concept.

B. Think and Do This

Directions: Answer the questions based on the picture shown. Write your answers on a
separate sheet of paper.

1. What do your think are they doing in

the picture?
2. If you were one of the persons in the
picture, who would you be?
Why?
3. What could be the topic of their
conversation?
4. If you were one of the interviewers,
what could be the questions you
will ask to your interviewees?

Photo retrieved from: https://d-lab.mit.edu/academics/classes/

lean-research-skills-conducting-interviews-edx-online

LET US REVIEW
Directions: Answer the following questions correctly. Write your answers on a separate
sheet of paper.

1. What is technical report?

2. What are the types of technical reports?
3. What are the different studies under feasibility study?

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 LET US STUDY

Preparing and Implementing Research Instruments

A research instrument is a tool used to gather data on a specific topic of interest.
When a conducting a research, you need to prepare and implement the appropriate instrument
to gather the data you need. When preparing an instrument, you must ensure that it is valid and
reliable. An instrument is valid when directly answers or addresses your research questions. It
is reliable when it provides you consistent and stable data over a period of time.

A. General Guidelines in Preparing an Instrument

Follow the given guidelines when preparing an instrument.
1. Do a preliminary research by visiting your library or checking online sources.
2. Talk to a person who is knowledgeable in preparing research instrument.
3. Master the guidelines in preparing and administering each type of instrument.
4. Clarify your research questions. Be sure that your instrument will directly address
your specific research questions.
5. Based on the data you need, decide on the number of people whom you want as
respondents or participant.
6. Prepare the instrument using the appropriate format. Get model instrument, if
necessary. You may visit Google Scholar to get samples of your intended instrument.
7. Edit your instrument.
8. Pilot your instrument to further improve its quality. After receiving the feedback from
your pilot, make the necessary revisions.

B. Types of Instrument
There are different types of instrument that you can use depending on the type of research
and amount of data you need. The following are some of the most common instrument used in
conducting a research.
a. Survey
✓ A survey contains planned questions which are used to measure attitudes,
perceptions, and opinions.
✓ It contains responses directly related to each specific research questions. It can either
be in the form of an interview or a questionnaire.
There are three types of questions that you can use when conducting a survey; recall,
recognition, and open-ended.
1. The recall type of question asks for specific information such as years of service,
age, and address.
2. The recognition type of question, on the other hands, asks for a response to a
specific question where options are given such as in the case of multiple choice,
dichotomous (yes/no), and rating scale format.
3. The open-ended type of question elicits brief explanations or impressions from
the respondent.
b. Interview
✓ An interview is an instrument that allows the research to qualitatively gather data.
Responses during an interview are usually open-ended.

➢ An interview consists of different stages:

1. Pre-interview stages. It is when interview guide is prepared and respondents
are identified and contracted.
2. Warm-up stage. It is the initial part of the interview when questions that will
make respondents more at ease are asked.

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 3. Main interview stages. It is the main questions directly related to the research
questions are asked.
4. Closing stages. It is when questions are asked to wind down the interview and
respondents are acknowledged and thanked.

➢ Guidelines when Conducting an Interview.

1. Before the interview, arrange your questions logically to make the flow of the
interview smoother.
2. Begin by introducing yourself and the purpose for the interview.
3. Tell the respondents that you will handle the information with utmost
confidentiality and care.
4. Have a warm-up stage to make the respondents more comfortable. Question such
as “how was your day” can be asked for this purpose.
5. Adjust your language to that of the respondents.
6. Make the length of the interview reasonable. Otherwise, your respondents might
get bored or annoyed.
7. Record the interview because you may need to transcribe the gathered data.
However, make sure you inform or get the approval of the interviewee.
8. Always thank the respondents for their time.

c. Questionnaire
✓ Compared with the interview, a questionnaire is more quantifiable. It lists written
questions to get specific information. Responses in a questionnaire are usually
dichotomous and use an identification type of test. In some cases, open-ended
questions are incorporated in the questionnaire.

➢ Parts of a Questionnaire
1. Personal information section - includes the name (optional), age, date of
birth, address, educational background and other personal information
relevant to the research study should be asked.
2. Basic questions section – serves two purposes. The first one is to establish
that the person you are asking is the right person for the study. The second
purpose (which is only applicable to interview) is to stablish rapport with the
interviewees.
3. Main question section – contains questions that are directly related to your
research. It is ideal to have multiple questions for each specific research
questions. The greater the number of questions, the greater the possibility of
more conclusive results.
4. Open-ended questions section – asks for a brief explanation or response to
an open-ended question.

➢ Guidelines in Preparing a Questionnaire

1. Introduce the questionnaire through a cover letter. The cover letter should
explain the purpose and relevance of the study, the length of time in
completing the questionnaire, how the data will be processed, your
contact details, and expected date and time in completing the
questionnaire.
2. Keep the questionnaire as short as possible by focusing only on the
essential question.
3. Ensure confidentiality of information.
4. Pilot the questionnaire to ensure that you have not missed any important
question.
5. Use a follow-up reminder.

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 6. Give respondents sufficient time to answer the questionnaire.
7. Make all directions and questions clear and unequivocal; do not use
words with double meanings or complex questions.
8. Ensure that your grammar is correct.
9. Use questions that will elicit objective responses as much as possible.
10. Make the questionnaire as brief as possible without sacrificing content.
11. Arrange and categorize the question logically (e.g., based on research
questions).
12. Relate all questions to your research topic and make sure the responses
drawn out are sufficient for your analysis.
13. In relation to the previous guideline, try to make as many questions as
possible without being redundant.
14. Avoid embarrassing, unnecessary questions.
15. Explain and illustrate difficult questions.
16. State all questions affirmatively.
17. Make the respondents anonymous, if necessary.
18. Avoid biased and leading questions.

d. Observation
✓ Observation allows the description of behavior in naturalistic or laboratory
settings. Usually, this instrument is used to cross-validate the result of other
instruments.
✓ An observation is most useful when the answers to research questions required
description of behavior and settings and when the respondents cannot literally
answer interview questions and questionnaire for some valid reasons such as
inability to speak and write (e.g., infants).

➢ Types of Observation
1. Participants and Non - participant Observation
• A non – participant type of observation allows the researcher to
observe the subjects without interacting with them. Hence, the
subjects do not know that they are being observed. This type of
observation is usually employed by psychologists when observing
animals and children.
• A participant observation, on the other hand, allows the researcher
to interact actively with the subjects. In some cases, researchers
immerse themselves in a group or community for long period time.
2. Structured and Unstructured Observation
• Structured observation occurs when the researcher has a list of
behaviors that he/she wants to observe.
• Unstructured observation, on the other hand, occurs when the
researcher allows behaviors to emerge. These behaviors are then
documented through an in-depth narrative account.
3. Covert and Overt Observation
• Covert observation occurs when the subjects are not aware that they
are being observed.
• Overt observation occurs when the subjects are aware that they are
being observed.

➢ Guidelines in Conducting an Observation

1. Develop an observation guide or checklist which identifies the phenomenon
you want to understand.
2. Decide on the type of observation that you will use.
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 3. Know your limitations as an observer.
4. Use recording device when appropriate.
5. Always bring paper and pen with you to record the other details which
cannot be recorded by a video or video recorder.
6. Never attempt to influence the behavior of your subjects.
7. Always observe ethics when implementing an observation instrument.

e. Experiment
✓ An experiment is a procedure undertaken scientifically to make a discovery and
to test hypothesis. An experiment can be performed in a laboratory or in natural
setting following these steps:
1. Make observation.
2. Develop hypothesis.
3. Design the experiment.
4. Conduct the experiment. Replicate the experiment to ensure the reliability of
the results.
5. Analyze the results.
6. Decide on whether to accept or reject the hypothesis based on the results.

➢ Guidelines in Conducting an Experiment

1. Always coordinate with a laboratory technician or supervisor when doing an
experiment.
2. Make yourself present and accessible during an experiment.
3. Maintain a relaxed and professional atmosphere.
4. Clean the experiment venue (e.g., laboratory) as you leave.
5. Never coerce any participants in your experiments.
6. If you need participants in your experiment, let them fill out an informed
consent form (ICF) beforehand. It is a document proving that the participant
voluntarily and willingly participated in the experiment.
7. Ensure the safety of everyone involved at all times.
8. Ensure the anonymity of participants.
9. Ensure the confidentiality of all gathered data.

Advantages and Disadvantages of the Research Instruments

Instrument Advantages Disadvantages
• least expensive
• least time consuming • has the lowest response rate.
• flexible in terms of • does not generally provide
administration (online or opportunity for respondents
Questionnaire offline) to clarify questions/items.
• may generate more • require participants to read
consistent responses. and write
• easier to analyze data.
• involves a greater number
of participants
• high response rate
• allows probing. • time-consuming
Interview • can clarify items to be • expensive
asked. • difficult to analyze.
• does not require • requires transcription.
participants to read and
write lengthily.
• can address complex
questions

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 • provides direct access to a Provides no control for
phenomenon. situation.
• applicable to a wide range May be biased.
Observation of contexts Does not provide data for a
• complements other more stable conclusion.
instruments Time consuming
May influence data because of
observer’s effects
• provides control of situation • may result in an artificial
and variables. situation.
• establishes cause and • prone to experimenter’s
Experiment effect. effects
• can be replicated.
• yields quantitative data that
can be statistically analyzed

Excerpted and Adapted from: Barrot, J.Z. & Sipacio P. J. (2016). Communication Today English
for Academic & Professional Purposes for Senior High School. C & E
Publishing. Quezon City

LET US PRACTICE
A. Directions: Which statement shows good survey practices? Write the correct answer
on a separate sheet of paper.
1. Paulina’s research is about sanitary practices in fast-food chains. In her
questionnaire, she asks about the love life of her participants.
2. For her research on teenage drug addiction, Cairo interviews the sari-sari store
owner in her barangay.
3. Matthew thanked the respondents in his survey and offered then copies of his
completed research months afterwards.
4. Angelo used the data in his interview to blackmail one of his participants.

B. Directions: Which statement shows good observation practices? Write the correct
answer on a separate sheet of paper.
1. Diego wanted to conduct a participant observation for his research on alcoholics’
lifestyles, so he became an alcoholic.
2. For fear of wasting time, Johnny refused to let participants use the bathroom.
3. Sheila thinks that an observation can only be done in a laboratory setting.
4. Joseph conducted a structured observation and he made sure to prepare the list
of phenomena he wanted to observe weeks before the actual implementation.

C. Directions: Which statement shows good experiment practices? Write the

correct answer on a separate sheet of paper.
1. Ron does not clean the laboratory after his experiment because he assumes the
janitor will do it.
2. To make sure that the data is reliable, Ernesto conducted his experiment twice.
3. Luna chatted about the latest trends with her participant while the experiment
was ongoing.
4. Deo listed the full name and details of his participants in his final research despite
his initial confidentiality guarantee.
Adapted from: Barrot, J.Z. & Sipacio P. J. (2016). Communication Today English
for Academic & Professional Purposes for Senior High School. C & E
Publishing. Quezon City

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LET US REMEMBER
Directions: Write True on the blank if the statement is correct; if not, underline the phrase
or word that makes it wrong and write the correct answer on the blank. Copy and answer
on a separate sheet of paper.

__________________ 1. When conducting an experiment, always ensure the confidentiality of

participants.
__________________ 2. One of the advantages of using a questionnaire is that it has the lowest
response.
__________________ 3. Open-ended questions aim to get specific information such as the age
and address of the participant.
__________________ 4. The Intelligence Consent Form (ICF) must be filled out by the
participants before the experiment.
__________________ 5. Subjects know they are being observed during covert observation.
__________________ 6. An experiment cannot be replicated.
__________________ 7. The warm-up stage is a stage which respondents are asked to take
basic physical exercises to prepare them for interview.
__________________ 8. Leading questions must be asked because they guide the participants
into giving specific answer for the research.
__________________ 9. All research instruments have advantages and disadvantages.
__________________ 10. A research instrument is used to analyze data.

Retrieved from: Barrot, J.Z. & Sipacio P. J. (2016). Communication Today English
for Academic & Professional Purposes for Senior High School. C & E
Publishing. Quezon City

LET US APPRECIATE
Directions: Write the general questions and specific questions for any one of the
research topics below (choose only one). The first topic is done for your reference. Write
your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

Topics General Question Specific Questions

1. How many days you play
games in one week?
2.Which age have you started
playing games?
Online Game Addiction What are the factors that 3.How many hours you
and Students make online games addicting? spend on an online game
for one day?
4. Do you usually play online
or offline game?
5. What is/are the game/s do
you usually play online?
6. How much do you spend
for online/offline games
for a day? week?
7. Does game’s defeat or
success influence your
mood and daily life?
8. How does it affect your
studies, social
interactions, and
productivity?
Facebook and Privacy
Social Media and
Creativity

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 Distance Learning
Modalities and
Students’ Performance
Covid-19 and Students’
Learning
Online Teaching and
Learning

LET US PRACTICE MORE

Directions: Write the general question and specific questions of your proposed business
in your feasibility study or own research concept. The given example is done for your
reference. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

Business Title/Name General Question Specific Questions

1. What is the regular price of
rice now?
2. How many types/kinds of
Do rice business thrive or rice do you sell?
is it a feasible business 3. How many sacks/kilos of
Bigasan ng Bayan now a days? rice are being sold in a day?
4. How much is the initial
capital investment to start a
rice business?
5. How much is the projected
income in a month/year?

The rubrics below will be used to assess your outputs in “Let Us Appreciate and Let Us
Practice More” activities.

RUBRIC FOR FORMULATING SURVEY QUESTIONS

Criteria VGE GE SE LE NE
(5) (4) (3) (2) (1)
Over-all Content
✓ The questions are clear and precise, collectively allowing for
detailed, unambiguous and meaningful answers and could be
interpreted in the same way by respondents.
General Question
✓ Gives thorough, and clear direction for specific questions.
Specific Questions
✓ Specifies the general question and completely describes the
research topic.

TOTAL SCORE

Legend: VGE – To a very great extent; GE – To a great extent SE – To some extent; LE – To a little extent; NE – Not at all

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 EVALUATION
Directions: Develop a survey questionnaire on a chosen research topic from “Let Us
Appreciate that you answered or your feasibility study/own research concept in
“Let Us Practice More” activities (choose only one). Your output will be used to
conduct a preliminary survey for your feasibility study/own research concept. The
rubric on the next page will be used to assess your final output.
Refer to this example to guide your final output:
Gamer and Online Gaming Addiction Questionnaire

Name (Optional): ___________________________________________ Grade & Section: _______________

Age: ____________________ Sex: _________________

I. Directions: Answer the following questions honestly.

1. How many days you play games in one week? __________________________
2. Which age have you started playing games? ___________________________
3. How many hours you spend on an online game for one day? _____________________
4. Do you usually play online or offline game? ____________________________
5. What is/are the game/s do you usually play online? _______________________________________
6. How much do you spend for online/offline games for a day? __________ week? _____________
7. Does game’s defeat or success influence your mood and daily life? ________________________
a. If yes, what kind of effect? ________________________________________________________
b. If no, why it did not have any effect? _____________________________________________
8. How does online games affect your studies? ____________________________________________
social interactions ________________________________________________________________
and productivity __________________________________________________________________
Adapted from: https://www.surveymonkey.com/r/2B6W778

II. Directions: How much does this describe you? Circle your answer according to the following:

1= not really 2=very seldom 3=seldom 4=often 5=extremely often

1 Do you often think of video games even when you are away from 1 2 3 4 5
your game’s console/PC/ mobile phone?
2 Do you often get withdrawal symptoms when you are not able to 1 2 3 4 5
play? (irritability, craving etc.)
3 Do you find that you must increase your playing time to get the 1 2 3 4 5
desired enjoyment?
4 Have you attempted to cut down your playing time or even 1 2 3 4 5
stopping because you feel it is getting out of hand?
5 Have you neglected other activities(work/social/study) because of 1 2 3 4 5
video games?
6 Do you continue playing even though it is causing harm to you? 1 2 3 4 5
(failing in studies, Insomnia, being late to work, relationship
problems etc.)
7 Have you ever had to conceal or lie about the extent of your 1 2 3 4 5
playing time?
8 Have you used video games to cope with everyday stress or to help 1 2 3 4 5
with your negative mood states?
9 Have your relationship, studies or work been affected because of 1 2 3 4 5
you are playing too much?
Adapted from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324969082_An_Online_Survey_On_Gaming_Addiction

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 SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE RUBRIC
Criteria VGE GE SE LE NE
(5) (4) (3) (2) (1)
Content
✓ The questions are related, clear and precise,
collectively allowing for detailed, unambiguous, and
meaningful answers and could be interpreted in the
same way by respondents.
Originality and Documentation
✓ The questions contain original concept of the
researcher/writer.
✓ Questionnaire properly cited sources of contents.
Organization
✓ Questionnaire uses organizational pattern.
✓ Structure appropriate for the genre.
✓ Cohesive devices are effectively used.
Mechanics
✓ Grammar is accurate.
✓ Spelling, capitalization, and punctuations are
correctly used.

TOTAL SCORE

Legend: VGE – To a very great extent; GE – To a great extent SE – To some extent; LE – To a little extent; NE – Not at all

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 All Right Reserved
2020

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

CAROLINA S. VIOLETA, EdD

Schools Division Superintendent

JERRY D. CRUZ, PhD, CESE

Asst. Schools Division Superintendent

DOMINADOR M. CABRERA, PhD

Chief, Curriculum Implementation Division

EDWARD C. JIMENEZ, PhD

Education Program Supervisor- LR Manager

MARILOU J. DEL ROSARIO, PhD

Education Program Supervisor- ENGLISH

LEAH P. VILOG
Developer/Writer

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