Ooip Volume Mbe

Estimating
Original Hydrocarbons in Place
Gas OGIP = Gi
Oil OOIP = N OGIP = NRsi
Water
Common methods:
-- Volumetric
-- Material balance
-- Reservoir simulation
Volumetric Method for OOIP & OGIP
A
h n,  , Swi , Boi
Original oil in place N:

Bulk volume = Ah
Net pay volume = Ahn
Pore volume = Ahn
Reservoir oil volume = Ahn(1-Swi)
OOIP N = Ahn(1-Swi)/Boi STm3
Required Reservoir Maps

0
20 0
40 22 40
60
24 60
26
70
28
Net Pay Porosity Oil Saturation

Required Reservoir Maps
0
1
8 5 2
6
3
4 4
0 2
Pore Volume = hnet  HPV = hnet  Soi

• Original Oil in Place
N = A hnet  Soi / Boi
or N = Vb n  Soi / Boi
• Original Gas in Place

Gas cap Gi = A hnet  Sgi / Bgi
Solution gas Gi = N Rsi
• Usually, the reservoir maps are

integrated to determine oil and gas
volumes using either planimeter or
computer grids
Material Balance Method
Np STB oil Winj Bbl water
RpcNp SCF gas Ginj SCF
Wp Bbl water Big RB/SCF
Gas cap Gi = m N Bti / Bgi

Initial Bgi Current Bg RB/SCF
Oil rim OOIP = N STB oil

Initial Bti =Boi RB/STB Rsi SCF/STB
Current Bt =Bo + (Rsi – Rs)Bg RB/STB Rs SCF/STB
Water influx We Bbl

Material Balance Method
Fluid withdrawal Volume change in initial fluids

- Fluid injection = +
- Water influx Expansion due to pressure drop
Other parameters:
P = pressure drop in psi Sw = initial water saturation
cw , co and cp = water, oil and pore volume
compressibilities in psi-1
NpBo + Np(Rpc – Rs)Bg + Wp N(Bt - Bti) + Gi(Bg – Bgi)

– Winj – GinjBig – We = + [NBti/(1 – Sw)](cp+ cwSw)P
General Material Balance Equation
Np[Bt + (Rpc – Rsi)Bg] + Wp – Winj – GinjBig – We

= N[(Bt - Bti) + {Bti(cp+ cwSw)P/(1 – Sw)} + {mBti(Bg – Bgi)/Bgi}]
where m = (gas cap / oil rim) pore volume ratio
Define X =[ Np{Bt + (Rpc – Rsi)Bg} + Wp] / N
Solution gas drive index (Bt - Bti) / X

Expansion drive index {Bti(cp+ cwSw)P/(1 – Sw)} / X
Gas cap drive index {mBti(Bg – Bgi)/Bgi} / X =1
Water drive index (We – Wp) / NX
Injection drive index (Winj + GinjBig) / NX
MBE for Undersaturated Reservoirs
(Bt-Bti)+[Bti(c+cwSw)P/(1–Sw)] = [Np{Bt+(Rpc–Rsi)Bg}+Wp]/N
Bt = Bo = Boi(1 + coP) NBti / (1 – Sw) =Vp and Rpc = Rsi
hence; NpBo + Wp = Vp(cp+ coSo + cwSw) P = VpctP

Plot of LHS vs P yields a straight line with slope = Vpcc
slope = Vpcc
NpBo + Wp
Pi - P
MBE for Undersaturated Reservoirs
Example
Time Np Wp P Bo NpBo + Wp Pi – P 12
day MSTB MBbl psia RB/STB MBbl psi
10
0 0 0 3980 1.3223 0 0
182 505 15 3932 1.3225 683 48 NpBo+Wp8 Slope = 10.6
365 1252 42 3803 1.3252 1701 177 MMB 6

547 2248 135 3682 1.3273 2997 298 4
730 3475 292 3521 1.3275 4905 459
2
912 4748 488 3341 1.3321 6813 639
1095 5982 566 3182 1.3347 8550 798 0
1277 7196 614 3018 1.3372 10236 962 0 200 400 600 800 1000
Pi – P, psi
From graph: Slope = 10.6 MBbl/psi

(NBoi / Soi)ct = 10.6 hence; N = 398 MMSTB
MBE for Saturated Reservoirs
No water drive, no gas cap
Expansion term << (Bt-Bti)
hence; Np{Bt+(Rpc–Rsi)Bg}+Wp = N (Bt-Bti)
Plot of LHS vs (Bt-Bti) yields a straight line with slope = N
Slope = N
N{Bt+Bg(Rpc-Rsi)}+Wp
Bt-Bti
MBE for Saturated Reservoir
Example
Cum. Oil Cum. GOR Bt Bg (Bt – Bti) Np[Bt+Bg(Rp –Rs)]
MSTB SCF/STB RB/STB RB/MCF RB/STB MMBbls
0 --- 1.498 1.048 0 0
1882 725 1.523 .155 0.025 2.9
4976 738 1.562 .280 0.064 7.9
7292 809 1.621 .441 0.123 12.7
11126 1012 1.701 .634 0.203 24.2
12858 1223 1.817 .884 0.319 35.5
15501 1424 1.967 2.206 0.469 54.5

16016 1561 2.111 2.433 0.613 66.5
17394 1695 2.251 2,654 0.753 84.1
Initial solution gas-oil ratio 721 SCF/STB

MBE for Saturated Reservoir
Example, continued
100
80
Np[Bt+Bg(Rpc-Rsi)] Slope = 112
60
MMBbls
40
20
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8
(Bt – Bti), RB/STB
From graph: Slope = N = 112 MMSTB

Initial gas cap, no wate drive
Expansion term << (Bt-Bti)
hence; (Bt - Bti) + (mBti/Bgi)(Bg - Bgi) = [Np{Bt + (Rpc – Rsi)Bg} + Wp] / N
or [Np{Bt + (Rpc – Rsi)Bg} + Wp] / (Bt - Bti) = N + Gi (Bg - Bgi) / (Bt - Bti)
Plot of LHS vs [(Bt - Bti) / (Bt-Bti)] yields a straight line with:

Slope = Gi and Intercept = N
N{Bt+Bg(Rpc-Rsi)}+Wp Slope = Gi
/ (Bt - Bti)
(Bg - Bgi) / (Bt - Bti)

Initial gas cap, no water
Example
Time Pressure Cum. Oil Cum. GOR Cum. Water Bt Bg
day psia MSTB SCF/STB MBbl RB/STB RB/MCF
0 2920 0 ——— 0 3.454 0954
182 2740 4120 945 12 1.473 1.004
455 25(0 8320 1148 127 1.501 1.072
820 2300 12710 1601 408 1.552 1.194
1270 2050 17120 2011 772 1.630 1.347
1817 1800 21600 2418 1137 1.757 1.550
2455 1500 26310 2793 1481 1.956 1.905
3185 1220 31200 3132 1971 2.276 2,390
Initial solution gas-oil ratio 780 SCF/STB

Initial reservoir pressure 2920 psia
Bubble point pressure 2920 psia
Example, continued
Time Bt – Bti (Bg – Bgi)/(Bt – Bti) U = Np[Bt + Bg(Rp – U / (Bt – Bti)

day RB/STB STB/MCF Rsi)]+Wp MMSTB
MMBbl
0 0 --- --- 0
182 0.019 2.632 6.6 353
455 0.047 2.511 15.9 338
820 0.098 2.449 32.6 332
1270 0.176 2.233 57.0 324
1817 0.303 1.967 94.3 311
24S5 0.502 1.894 153.8 306
3185 0.822 1.747 248.5 302

Example, continued
400
360
Slope = 49
Np[Bt+Bg(Rpc-Rsi)]+Wp 320
/ (Bt - Bti) 280
MMSTB 240
214
200
0 0.4 0.8 1.2 1.6 2 2.4 2.8
(Bg – Bgi) / (Bt – Bti), STB/MCF
From graph: Slope = Gi = 49 BCF

Intercept = N = 214 MMSTB
Gas cap/oil rim size ratio m = 0.15
MBE for Gas Reservoirs
Constant volume (no water drive)
Bg = 5.04 ZT/P
hence; GpBg =Gi(Bg – Bgi)
or P/Z = (Pi/Zi) – (Pi/ZiGi)Gp
Pi/Zi
Slope = Gi Slope = - Pi/ZiGi
GpBg
P/Z
Pa/Za
Gr
Bg - Bgi Gp Gp
MBE for Gas Reservoirs
Constant volume (no water drive)
Example
Gp in BCF P in psia Z P/Z in psia
0 4167 1.082 3851 4000
P/Z in ps ia
26 3905 1.057 3694 3000
58 3592 1.031 3484 2000
89 3265 0.992 3291 1000
115 3098 0.987 3139
0
143 2894 0.982 2947 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700
170 2730 0.978 2791
Cum. Gas Production in BCF
195 2558 0.974 2626
From graph: OGIP Gi = 615 BCF

Pa/Za = 544 psia hence; Ult. Gr = 525 BCF

Ooip Volume Mbe

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Ooip Volume Mbe

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Estimating

Original Hydrocarbons in Place

Original oil in place N:

Required Reservoir Maps

Net Pay Porosity Oil Saturation

Pore Volume = hnet  HPV = hnet  Soi

• Original Gas in Place

• Usually, the reservoir maps are

Gas cap Gi = m N Bti / Bgi

Oil rim OOIP = N STB oil

Water influx We Bbl

Fluid withdrawal Volume change in initial fluids

NpBo + Np(Rpc – Rs)Bg + Wp N(Bt - Bti) + Gi(Bg – Bgi)

Np[Bt + (Rpc – Rsi)Bg] + Wp – Winj – GinjBig – We

Define X =[ Np{Bt + (Rpc – Rsi)Bg} + Wp] / N

Solution gas drive index (Bt - Bti) / X

Bt = Bo = Boi(1 + coP) NBti / (1 – Sw) =Vp and Rpc = Rsi

hence; NpBo + Wp = Vp(cp+ coSo + cwSw) P = VpctP

365 1252 42 3803 1.3252 1701 177 MMB 6

From graph: Slope = 10.6 MBbl/psi

hence; Np{Bt+(Rpc–Rsi)Bg}+Wp = N (Bt-Bti)

Plot of LHS vs (Bt-Bti) yields a straight line with slope = N

15501 1424 1.967 2.206 0.469 54.5

17394 1695 2.251 2,654 0.753 84.1

Initial solution gas-oil ratio 721 SCF/STB

From graph: Slope = N = 112 MMSTB

Plot of LHS vs [(Bt - Bti) / (Bt-Bti)] yields a straight line with:

(Bg - Bgi) / (Bt - Bti)

Initial solution gas-oil ratio 780 SCF/STB

Time Bt – Bti (Bg – Bgi)/(Bt – Bti) U = Np[Bt + Bg(Rp – U / (Bt – Bti)

182 0.019 2.632 6.6 353

455 0.047 2.511 15.9 338

820 0.098 2.449 32.6 332

1270 0.176 2.233 57.0 324

1817 0.303 1.967 94.3 311

24S5 0.502 1.894 153.8 306

3185 0.822 1.747 248.5 302

From graph: Slope = Gi = 49 BCF

hence; GpBg =Gi(Bg – Bgi)

or P/Z = (Pi/Zi) – (Pi/ZiGi)Gp

From graph: OGIP Gi = 615 BCF

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