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1. SPECIFICATION
System Description Specification
Front Suspension type Macperson strut type
suspension
Spring type Coil spring
Stabilizer type Torsion bar type
Shock absorber Type Cylindrical reciprocation type

Max. length (extended)

554 mm

Min. length
372 mm
(compressed)

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Min. length Inner diameter (A) Upper: 84.0 mm
(compressed) Lower: 100.0 mm
Outer diameter (B) 163.1 mm
Free length (C) 356.1 mm
Installed length (D) 276.0 mm
Coil windings 5.32 turns
Winding direction Right direction
Rear Driving type AWD 2WD
suspension
Suspension type (trailing, upper, lower & Multi-link type ←
track rod)
Spring type Coil spring ←
Stabilizer type Torsion bar type ←
Shock absorber Type Cylindrical ←
reciprocation type
Max. length (extended) 551 mm ←

Min. length 361 mm ←

(compressed)
Coil spring Diameter (A) 12.8 mm 12.6 mm
Free length (B) 287.1 mm 291.7 mm
Coil windings 6.64 turns 6.32
Winding direction Right direction ←

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1) Wheel Alignment
System Description Specification
Front Ground clearance (A) 76.8 ± 5 mm
Trim height : wheel center ↔ 433 mm
Wheel house
Camber (maintenance free) -0.15 ± 0.5˚
Caster (maintenance free) 4.8 ± 0.5˚
Total toe-in 0.0 ± 0.1˚
(adjust by tie rod)
King pin angle 12.85˚
Rear Ground clearance (A) 63.3 ± 5 mm
Trim height : wheel center ↔ 437 mm

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Wheel house
Camber (maintenance free) -0.5 ± 0.5˚
[ adjust by cam bolt on upper arm ]
Total toe-in 0.0 ± 0.1˚
[ adjust by cam bolt on track rod ]

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2. TIGHTENING TORQUE
▶ Front suspension assembly

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▶ Rear suspension assembly

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1. OVERVIEW
The suspension is the device to connect the axle and vehicle. It absorbs the vibrations and
impacts from road surface, which enhances the comforts, driving force, braking force and
drivability.

Underview of vehicle with 2WD, 6M/T Underview of vehicle with 4WD, 6A/T

Front suspension Front suspension

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Rear suspension Rear suspension

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1) Front Suspension (Macperson Strut Type)

Front suspension supports the vehicle weight and absorber the vibration from tires. And, in this
type of suspension, the steering linkage tie rod is mounted on the knuckle.

Macperson strut type suspension

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Macperson strut type suspension is the independent suspension which has the spring on the
strut integrated with shock absorber. The lower arm is installed on sub frame and large strut
damper is installed on the knuckle to support the tire. This type of suspension is normally
applied to the vehicle with monocoque body, especially on the front wheel drive type. The upper
part with spring is mounted at body mount and the strut with shock absorber is linked on the
steering knuckle.

▶ Advantages

1. Compact and simple design

2. Stable wheel alignment
3. Good load distribution and easy installation
4. Less effect from tire up/down movement

▶ Disadvantages

1. Comparatively weak to the impact from road surface and lateral shock due to long strut and
single swing arm

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2) Rear Suspension (Multi-link Type)

Multi-link type suspension is the independent suspension. It provides good ride comfort and
drivability by reducing the coil spring weight. Also, it increases the space for passenger
compartment by lowering the floor.
This type of suspension consists of multiple links such as trailing arm, upper arm, lower arm and
track rod.

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Layout

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1. SYSTEM LAYOUT
1) Front Suspension
Damper strut assembly Lower arm

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Stabilizer bar assembly

Stabilizer bar link

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2) Rear Suspension
Shock absorber Stabilizer bar assembly

Stabilizer bar link

Coil spring and link Trailing/upper arm/track rod cardiagn.com

Coil spring Upper arm

Trailing arm
Coil spring link

Track rod

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Coil spring Lower arm

The coil spring is made by The lower arm relieves the load to knuckle.
winding solid steel rod to form This enables to absorb the various impacts
the coil shape. Its energy according to the load shapes and to
absorption rate per weight is ensure the drivability.
higher than that of the leaf
spring and it allows to absorb
small vibration properly resulted
in keeping the ride comforts.
Therefore, it's difficult to make
an effect on vibration damping
because there is not any friction
between coils.

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Stabilizer assembly

If the spring with lower spring constant is applied on the vehicle in order to increase the "ride
comforts", the vehicle's slope increases on turning due to the centrifugal force. Because its
trend increases for the independent suspension system, the stabilizer bar should be applied to
the system in order to make a balance the vehicle. Stabilizer bar
The stabilizer bar is a certain type
of torsion bar. Its both ends are
connected to the control arm and Bushing
the its center area is mounted to Clamp
the body frame. It is not activated
when both wheels are moving up
or down simultaneously. Link
Link
However, it minimizes the
vehicle's slope when each wheel
moves up or down independently.

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Damper/shock absorber assembly

This vehicle uses the strut type

shock absorber. This shock absorber
is connected to the piston rod in the
strut. This relieves the vertical
vibrations of vehicle to provide ride
comforts, prevents the spring break,
enhances drivability, and extends
the life span of steering components.

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1. Coil spring - FRT 6. Insulator assy - damper
2. Shock absorber FRT
MTG FRT 7. Pad - Spring UPR
3. Dust cover 8. Bearing - Damper FRT
4. Cap - Insulator 9. Bumper stopper
5. Nut

- The telescopic shock absorber consists of a tube with piston and rod and a cylinder tube.
The piston has an orifice and valve and the cylinder is filled with oil.
The double action cylindrical type shock absorber restrains the vibrations by using oil
resistance. This provides better drivability even though the structure is complicated.
This vehicle uses the gas shock absorber.

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Upper arm Track rod

Upper arm is installed between knuckle and Track rod is installed between knuckle and
sub frame and controls the lateral load and rear sub frame and controls and
vehicle height. compensates the lateral load.

Knuckle side

Frame side

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Coil spring

Coil spring is installed * Symmetry design

between the coil spring
link and body frame. It
Stabilizer bar
relieves the vibrations
and impacts from wheels Trailing arm
to vehicle body.
Upper arm

Shock absorber

Lower arm Track rod

Lower arm is installed between knuckle and

rear sub frame and relieves the load to coil
spring from wheel. In other word, it controls
the longitudinal load.

Knuckle side Frame side Coil spring Lower arm

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Stabilizer bar assembly

If the spring with lower spring constant is applied on the vehicle in order to increase the 'ride
comforts', the vehicle's slope increases on turning due to the centrifugal force. Because its
trend increases for the independent suspension system, the stabilizer bar should be applied to
the system in order to make a balance the vehicle. The stabilizer bar is a certain type of torsion
bar. Its both ends are connected to the control arm and the its center area is mounted to the
body frame. It is not activated when both wheels are moving up or down simultaneously.
However, it minimizes the vehicle's slope when each wheel moves up or down independently.

Stabilizer bar

Bushing

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Clamp

Link Link

Trailing arm
Trailing arm is installed between knuckle
and vehicle body and controls the front and
rear load.
Knuckle side

Body side

Shock absorber

Gas shock absorber

absorbs the up and down
movement of body. It
provides the ride comfort
and prevent the spring
breakage by relieving the
fatigue.

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