History of Bengal, 1204-1757: An Overview: Mohammad Mozahidul Islam, PHD Professor Jahangirnagar University

History of Bengal, 1204-1757:
An overview
MOHAMMAD MOZAHIDUL ISLAM, PHD

PROFESSOR
JAHANGIRNAGAR UNIVERSITY
Medieval Bengal, 1204-1757AD
Why 1204 AD and 1757 AD?
 1204 AD: Bakhtiar Khalji defeated

Laksmansena. So what?
 1757 AD: Nawab Sirajuddowla was

defeated by the English. So what?
 Major sources of History:
 Tabaqat-i-Nasiri a medieval text by Minhaj-i-Siraj. It is an important

source book for the reconstruction of the history of foundation of
Muslim rule in Bengal. The history of the first fifty years of Muslim rule in
Bengal is found only in this text.
 Riyaz-us-Salatin the first complete history of the Muslim rule in Bengal.

Written in Persian language by Ghulam Husain Salim Zaidpuri, it covers
the whole Muslim rule in Bengal from BAKHTIYAR’s conquest of Nadia in
1204-05 AD to the battle of PALASHI in 1757, though there are lacunae
in various places.
 TARIKH-I-FIRUZSHAHIs of Ziauddin Barani
 Abul Fazl’s AIN-I-AKBARI and AKBARNAMAH
 Badauni’s MUNTAKHAB-UT-TAWARIKH
 Nizamuddin Bakhshi’s TABAQAT-I-AKBARI
Three phases
 Delhi Sultanate (1204-1342)
 Independent Sultanate (1342-1538)
 Mughal rule (1538-1757)
 Quṭub Ud-Dīn
Aibak (born 1150—
died 1210), a
founder of Muslim
rule in India.
 Delhi
Sultanate
(1204-1342)
Khilji Malik
Dynasty
Balban Mameluk
Dynasty Dynasty
of Bengal of Bengal
 Ikhtiyar Uddin Muhammed Bin Bakhtiyar : conquest of

Nadia.
 Who was Bakhtiyar?
 When was he invaded Bengal? 1203, 1204, or 1205?
 Number of Soldiers accompanied him? 17 or 18 or
more?
 A disastrous campaign to Tibet in 1206 and its
consequence
From rebel to rebel: Challenges for the successors

 Muhammed Shiran Khilji (1206-1208 ): dethroned, fled and died
 Hussamuddin Iwaj Khilji (1208-1210): dethroned
 Ali Mardan Khilji (1210-1212): dethroned and murdered
 Ghiyasuddin Iwaj Khilji (1212-1227): killed and his army
routed.........Bengal was declared an province of the Delhi
Sultanate, ushering in the Mamluk or Slave dynasty of Delhi.
Mameluk Dynasty of Bengal: Not so easy to rule in Bengal
 Nasiruddin Mahmud: (1227-1229)

 Malik Balkha Khilji or Daulat Shah Bin Maudud: (1229-1232)
 Allauddin Jani: (1232-1233)
 Saifuddin Aibak : (1233-1236)
 Awar Khan Aibak : (1236)
 Tughral Tughan Khan : (1236-1246)
 Tughlaq Tamar Khan: (1246-1247)
 Jalaluddin Masud Jani : (1247-1251)
 Malik Ikhtiyaruddin Iuzbak: (1251-1257)

 Ijjauddin Balban-e-Iuzbaki: (1257-1259)
 Tatar Khan: (1259-1268)
 Sher Khan: (1268-1272)
 Mughisuddin Tughral : (1272 -1281 )
Balban Dynasty
 Mahmud Shah also known as Naseeruddin Bughra Khan : (1281-

1291)
 Rukunuddin Kaikos : (1291-1300)
 Shamsuddin Firoz : ( 1300-1322)
 Ghiyasuddin Bahadur Shah I: (1322-1324-1328)
 Fakhruddin Mubarak Shah (1338-1349): He was the founder of the
earliest independent Muslim sultanat in Bengal with his
headquerters at the historic city of Sonargaon.
 He was the silahdar (superintendent of armoury) in the service of

Bahram Khan, Tughlaq governor (wali) of Sonargaon.
 In his coins, Fakhruddin is styled as Al-Sultan al-Azam Fakhr al-

duniya wal-din AbuÕl Muzaffar Mubarak-shah al-sultan. (The great
Sultan, Pride of the world and of the religion, Father of the
conqueror, Mubarak Shah the sultan).
 Fakhruddin’s domination over the greater districts of Comilla,
Noakhali, Sylhet and Chittagong naturally tightened his grip on the
king of Tripura, and even the king of Arakan felt himself insecure for
the south-eastward march of Fakhruddin, and is said to have
courted alliance with the sultan of Sonargaon.
 The Moroccan traveller Ibn Battuta visited Bengal (1346) during the
reign of Fakhruddin Mubarak Shah. He has left a valuable account of
his sojourn in the country of Bangalah, its natural view, different
aspects on the life of the people and prosperity of the country.
 Iliyas Shahi dynasty (1342-1487)

-- Shamsuddin Iliyas Shah established power in
Lakhnauti.
-- United Bengal (earlier divided in three parts)
-- Shah-I-Bangalah
-- Fakhruddin Mubarak Shah established power in
Sonargoan
-- Ibn Batuta visited Bengal
For 200 years Bengal was independent
 Iliyas Shahi dynasty (1342-1487) is first

independent dynasty.
 Alauddin Husain Shah founded Husain Shahi
dynasty (1494-1538)
 Shamsuddin Ilyas Shah (1342–1358): from servant of Kader Khan (the

ex governor of Lakhnauti) to independent ruler.
 Sultan Firuz Shah Tughlaq Vs. Ilyas Shah
 Sikandar Shah (1358–1390): son and successor of Ilyas Shah/ great
Adina Mosque/ capable ruler/ was killed in a battle with his son
 Ghiyasuddin Azam Shah (1390-1411): Foreign relations with China
and Iran
 Other rulers and glory
 Raja Ganesha : 1415-1418

 Jalaluddin Muhammad Shah: (1415-1433)
 Msuddin Ahmad Shah: (1433-1436)
Ilyas Shah Dynasty Restored

 Nasiruddin Mahmud Shah (1435 – 1459)
 Rukunuddin Barbak Shah: (1459-1474
 Shamsuddin Yousuf Shah: (1474-1481)
 Sikander Shah II : (1481)
 Jalaluddin Fateh Shah : (1481-1487)
 Husain Shahi dynasty (1494-1538)

-- Alauddin was elected by nobles
--Territorial expansion (Tripura, CTG, Orissa etc)
-- Religious tolerance. Sri Chaitanna advocated
Vaisnava religion.
-- Portuguese came in the 16th century.
-- Mughals started coming to borders of Bengal.
 Nasiruddin Nusrat Shah (1519- 1532)

 Alauddin Firuz Shah (1533)
 Ghiyasuddin Mahmud Shah (1533-38)
 Afghan Suri dynasty
 Karrani Dynasty
 Bengal under Mughal rule
Medieval Bengal (1204-1757)
Moroccan Traveller Ibn Batuta Came to

Bengal in 1345 - 46
 Mughal Period (1576-1757)

-- Islam Khan Chisti defeated Bara Bhuiyans and
transferred capital from Rajmahal to Dhaka.
-- Bara Katra built by Shah Shuja, son of Shahjahan.
-- Shaista Khan captured CTG and drove Magh
pirates
-- Lalbagh fort
-- Eight maund rice in one Taka!!
Isa Kha, Most

Powerful of the
Barabhuiyans,
1599
Raja Mansingh, Mughal

General, Fought the
Barabhuiyans, 1595-1905
Lalbagh Fort, Dhaka

 Murshid Quli Khan (1713-1727) transferred capital from Dhaka.

 Alivardi Khan faced troubles with the English
 Sirajuddowla (1756-57) trouble with the English increased.
 Battle of Palassy (23 June 1757)
Salaries and Wages : 1739 & 1759

Market Prices : 1738 &

1751-52
Thank you
THANK YOU

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History of Bengal, 1204-1757:

MOHAMMAD MOZAHIDUL ISLAM, PHD

Why 1204 AD and 1757 AD?

 1204 AD: Bakhtiar Khalji defeated

 1757 AD: Nawab Sirajuddowla was

 Tabaqat-i-Nasiri a medieval text by Minhaj-i-Siraj. It is an important

 Riyaz-us-Salatin the first complete history of the Muslim rule in Bengal.

 Ikhtiyar Uddin Muhammed Bin Bakhtiyar : conquest of

From rebel to rebel: Challenges for the successors

Mameluk Dynasty of Bengal: Not so easy to rule in Bengal

 Nasiruddin Mahmud: (1227-1229)

 Malik Ikhtiyaruddin Iuzbak: (1251-1257)

 Mahmud Shah also known as Naseeruddin Bughra Khan : (1281-

 He was the silahdar (superintendent of armoury) in the service of

 In his coins, Fakhruddin is styled as Al-Sultan al-Azam Fakhr al-

 Iliyas Shahi dynasty (1342-1487)

For 200 years Bengal was independent

 Iliyas Shahi dynasty (1342-1487) is first

 Shamsuddin Ilyas Shah (1342–1358): from servant of Kader Khan (the

 Raja Ganesha : 1415-1418

Ilyas Shah Dynasty Restored

 Husain Shahi dynasty (1494-1538)

 Nasiruddin Nusrat Shah (1519- 1532)

Moroccan Traveller Ibn Batuta Came to

 Mughal Period (1576-1757)

Isa Kha, Most

Raja Mansingh, Mughal

Lalbagh Fort, Dhaka

 Murshid Quli Khan (1713-1727) transferred capital from Dhaka.

Salaries and Wages : 1739 & 1759

Market Prices : 1738 &

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