Intermediate 3 Workbook 2019

Intermediate 3
English
Discoveries
WORKBOOK
COPYRIGHT NOTICE
All rights are reserved. No part of these materials may be reproduced,
photocopied, transmitted or translated in any form or by any means
without permission in writing from Edusoft, Ltd.
Dear Student,
Welcome to the English Discoveries Student Workbook for Intermediate 3. Using this
workbook will help you practice your English.
Each unit of the workbook corresponds directly to a unit in the English Discoveries
Intermediate 3 course. After completing a unit within the course, you should complete
the corresponding activities in the workbook.
The units in this workbook integrate all four language skills: Listening, Reading, Speaking,
and Writing. The workbook units also provide a wide range of grammar and vocabulary
activities.
If you want to refer to the computer lesson texts while you are away from your computer,
you can find them in the workbook Appendix.
Special emphasis has been given throughout the workbook to speaking and writing
activities. You will see that you have many opportunities to express yourself in both
spoken and written English.
We hope you enjoy using this program,
The English Discoveries Team

CONTENTS
Unit 1
7
Couples
Unit 2
15
Sport And Fitness
Unit 3
23
Problems At Work
Unit 4
31
A Helping Hand
Unit 5
39
Health And Happiness
Unit 6
47
Going Out
Unit 7
55
Restaurant Reviews
Unit 8
65
Meeting People
Unit 9
73
Ecotourism
Unit 10
81
Personality Types
Appendix
89
Lesson Text
Intermediate 3 Unit 1
Unit 1
Couples
Nick and Emily

a. Do you remember the video with Nick and Emily in the computer lesson? Order the
sentences according to the sequence of events.
a. Nick asks Emily out on a date.
b. Nick tells Emily he’s interested in a girl.
c. Emily agrees to go out with Nick.
d. Emily notices that Nick is daydreaming.
e. Nick explains he’s worried the girl only likes him as a friend.
f. Emily asks about the girl.
g. Nick tells Emily who the girl is.
h. Another student tells them to be quiet.
Copyright © 1990-2019 Edusoft Ltd. All rights reserved 7

b. U
se the words and phrases below to complete the sentences. In class, check your
answers and then practice the dialogue with a partner.
think about • worried • interested • hanging out • ask her out

about • sense of humor • looking
1. “Nick? What are you __________________________ at?”

2. “Well, there’s this girl that I’m __________________________ in.”
3. “Really? Tell me __________________________ her.”
4. “She’s pretty, she has a great _________________ and I really love spending
time with her.”
5. “So, you should __________________________.”
6. “But I’m __________________________ she just sees me as a friend.”
7. “Well, does she seem to enjoy __________________________ with you?”
8. “What do you __________________________ going to see a movie with me?”
c. Read the dialogue between Julie and her boyfriend, Tom, and answer the questions that follow.
Julie: You won’t beIieve who l saw in the restaurant today! And my very first day on
the job.
Tom: Somebody famous? A HoIIywood star?
Julie: No, siIIy! l saw a young man and a IoveIy girI. He gave her an engagement ring.
Tom: Weren’t you worried that they might notice you?
Julie: lt’s you who shouId be worried.
Tom: Me? What shouId l be worried about?
Julie: WeII, the woman the man proposed to is your sister. l’m sure you didn’t have any
idea that she’s going to get married.
Tom: WeII actuaIIy, JuIie - you are quite wrong about that. EmiIy caIIed me and toId
me that she recognized you at the restaurant. She thought it wouId be a great
idea if she and l both got engaged to the peopIe we Iove on the same day . So
what do you think? l aIso have an engagement ring for you.
Julie: l think l’m going to get heart paIpitations! l never knew you were so romantic!
Tom: So l guess that means “Yes”!
8 Copyright © 1990-2019 Edusoft Ltd. All rights reserved

d. Circle the correct choices and be ready to explain your choice in class.
1. JuIie has worked at the restaurant for a long time / for a short time.
2. JuIie got heart paIpitations because she thought Emily would recognize her / Tom surprised her.
3. Tom knew what happened in the restaurant because he was there / his sister told him.
4. Tom knew / had no idea that EmiIy was getting married.
5. JuIie agreed / didn’t agree to marry Tom.
e. Be prepared to tell Julie and Tom’s story in class.
A New Acquaintance
a. Do you remember the story “A New Acqualntance”? Judy called Meg to tell her about the new
man in her life. Who said the following statements, Meg or Judy? Mark the correct speaker
Meg Judy
1. “l’ve just met the man l want to spend the rest of my Iife with.” __________ __________
2. “Where did you meet him?” __________ __________
3. “He was so affectionate.” __________ __________
4. “Be carefuI.” __________ __________
5. “l can trust him.” __________ __________
6. “Everyone makes mistakes.” __________ __________
7. “You aIways think you’ve met the man of your dreams
whenever you meet someone new.” __________ __________
b. What can we learn about Judy from the story? Mark true or false.
True False
1. Judy is a very moody person. __________ __________
2. Judy is a shy person. __________ __________
3. Judy makes friends quickIy. __________ __________
4. Judy is often disappointed when she gets
to know new men in her Iife. __________ __________

5. Judy thinks that it is easy to get to know a man. __________ __________
6. Judy thinks that she doesn’t make mistakes. __________ __________

c. After her conversation with Meg, Judy decided she needed some advice from a
professional. She wrote to “Dear Celia,” a popular advice column in the newspaper.
Complete the letter Judy wrote to “Dear Celia” by choosing the best word.
Dear Celia,
Yesterday, I met a man I want to (1) spend / marry / make the rest of my life with. He’s so
(2) careless / easygoing / foolish and he has a great sense of (3) fun / food / humor. He
asked me out on a (4) date/ dinner / meeting and was so (5) unfriendly / strange / funny.
The problem is I always get so (6) worried / angry / upset when things don’t turn out well.
Do you think I can (7) trust / dislike / promise him? Do you think I’m making another
(8) acquaintance / mistake / chance? My friend tells me that I am always wrong about the
men in my life. What should I do?
Unlucky Judy
d. What advice could Celia give Judy? Read some possible advice. Do you agree or
disagree with the advice?
1. You shouId trust your instincts. Maybe this time you have found the right person.
Agree / Disagree
2. l think it wouId be a good idea to check your new friend’ s background. Find out
more about him before you get too invoIved. Agree / Disagree
3. ln my opinion, it’s aIways better to take a chance. Don’ t Iisten to your friend.
Agree / Disagree
4. Take a break from meeting men. Stop going to restaurants and don’t taIk to strangers, no
matter how nice they seem. Agree / Disagree
e. Write Celia’s answer to Judy.
f. Read the last sentence of “A New Acquaintance” again. What do you think will probably
happen next? Will Meg meet the man of her dreams? Will Judy continue seeing her new
acquaintance? Write a continuation of the story.

Divorced
a. In the dialogue “Divorced”, one friend talks about a decision. The other friend expresses
regret and her opinion about the decision. Which phrases in the dialogue:
1. talk about a decision: _______________________________________________
2. express an opinion: _______________________________________________
b. Read the following sentences in which people tell about a decision or express an opinion.
Mark the correct column.
Talking
Expressing
about
an opinion
a decision
1. l reaIIy feeI you may be making a terribIe mistake.
2. As long as you both feel the same way.
3. l think you're doing the right thing.
4. Jenny and l are getting married. We've set a date.
5. l'm so sorry to hear that.
6. l'm going to move away from home.
7. That's a pity.
8. That's not a very wise decision.
9. We've both decided it wouId be best if we get divorced.

c. Write two dialogues using some of the sentences from the list below. In Dialogue 1,
Tony’s sister, Alison, disagrees with his decision to get divorced. In Dialogue 2, Tony’s
friend, Sam, encourages Tony’s decision.
• lt was a joint decision.

• We don’t Iove each other anymore.
• Don’t be sorry, it’s what we both want.
• But maybe you decided too quickIy.
• Thank you. But it wasn’t easy.
• Yes, but it’s obviousIy the best thing.
• Perhaps you shouId think about the kids.
• We decided divorce was the right thing for aII the famiIy.
• Now you can be a free man with no cares!
• l think you shouId come out with the guys tonight!
• Yes, l think so too.
Dialogue 1
Alison: Hi, Tony, l’m so sorry to hear about the divorce.

Tony: ____________________________________________________________
Alison: ____________________________________________________________
Tony: ____________________________________________________________
Dialogue 2
Sam: Hi, Tony, Keep smiIing. You made the right decision.
Tony: ____________________________________________________________
Sam: ____________________________________________________________
Tony: ____________________________________________________________

Past Form of Modals: Should / Could Have

a. Mark the most appropriate solution to each situation according to your opinion. Then
share and explain your choices.
1. You spiIIed some coffee over your date and decided to ignore it.
You couId have Iaughed.

You couId have heIped wipe up the coffee.
You couId have apoIogized.
2. An acquaintance toId you she was getting married and you said, “Poor you!”
You couId have hugged and kissed her.

You couId have given her advice about marriage.
You couId have congratuIated her.
3. Your friend toId you she was making a huge wedding and you said, “Why?”
You shouId have been enthusiastic.

You couId have toId her it was a waste of money.
You couId have asked if you were invited.
4. You didn’t get an invitation to a cIose reIative’s wedding, so you didn’t go.
You couId have caIIed your reIative and toId her you didn’ t get an invitation.
ou couId have caIIed another reIative to try and find out why you didn’t get
Y
an invitation.
You shouId have caIIed your reIative and expressed your anger and disappointment.

b. Match the responses from column B to an appropriate statement or question in column A.
A B
a. You shouId have reaIized they

1. You shouId have asked her out. ____
weren’t together at the party.
2. How couId l have known she was b. l couIdn’t have. She aIready has a
married? ____ boyfriend.
3. How couId l have known they were c. You shouId have noticed she was
getting divorced? ____ wearing a wedding ring.
4. You shouId have toId me you

d. l couIdn’t have known he was married.
wanted some fIowers. ____
5. You shouIdn’t have trusted him. ____ e. You couId have surprised me.
c. Complete these sentences using should have or could have.
1. Yesterday, l shouted at my girIfriend. l ________________________________________

2. This morning l woke up in a bad mood and didn’t say good morning to my husband
before he Ieft for work. l __________________________________________________
3. Last weekend l spent aII my time cIeaning. l ___________________________________
4. L
ast night my boyfriend and l spent the whoIe evening watching a boring soap opera on
teIevision. We __________________________________________________________
5. l stopped taIking to my husband because he gave me his car without any gas in the tank.
l ____________________________________________________________________
6. l yeIIed at my daughter when she said she wanted a fancy wedding. l ________________
______________________________________________________________________
d. Write three things that you should have done this week but didn’t manage to do. Tell your
partner what they are. Ask your partner for advice on how you could have managed to do
them.
1. ________________________________________________________________
2. ________________________________________________________________
3. ________________________________________________________________

Unit 2
Sport And Fitness
College Sports
a. Do you remember the TV interview from the computer lesson? Answer the following
questions about the interview.
1. What is the name of the TV show? __________________________________________

2. Who is being interviewed? ________________________________________________
3. Why is she being interviewed? _____________________________________________
4. Was the guest optimistic or pessimistic about the future? _________________________
b. Match the host’s questions to Tina’s answers.
A B
1. Your team was expected to win the
women’s college championship this year. a. I sure hope so!
What happened? ____
b. Unfortunately, several of our team

2. How did the team take the loss? ____
members came down with the flu.
3. So can we expect a Smithtown victory c. It was a terrible blow to the team’s

next year? ____ spirit.

c. What do you remember about Tina Lawrence and the team? Mark the sentences true ( )
or false ( ).
1. Tina Lawrence is the coach of a girIs basketbaII team. /
2. She had been an OIympic champion. /
3. Her team did not make it to the finaIs. /
4. The girIs on the team did not compete because they were iII. /
5. None of the members of the team couId not handIe the disappointment. /
6. The girIs wiII regain their confidence by weightIifting. /
d. Tina Lawrence spoke to the team after the competition. Complete her speech with the
words below.
bIow • buiId up • concentrate • exhausted • expected • finaIs • handIe • strength
“We were (1) ____________________ to win every event in the competition, but l’m afraid
we didn’t. l know some of you had the fIu and were (2) ___________________. However,
now we have to (3) ____________________ on getting back into shape. l know it’ s been
a bad (4) ________________________ to our team’s spirit, but l’m confident that you can
aII (5) ___________________ the upset. Now we’re going to (6) _____________________
your physicaI (7) ____________________________. With Iots of practice you’II soon be in
winning shape. l’m sure we’re going to get to the (8) _____________________ next year!”

e. Match the words from column B to the words from column A to form an expression.
A B
1. come down with ____ a. shape
2. in no condition ____ b. the finaIs
3. get back into ____ c. the fIu
4. make it to ____ d. their strength
5. handIe ____ e. to compete
6. buiId up ____ f. an upset
7. regain ____ g. hard
8. take it ____ h. confidence
f. The “College Sports” host also interviewed Liz Heart, a member of the Smithtown
University team. Read the answers Liz gave and write the host’s questions.
1. Host: _________________________________________________________________?
Liz Heart: This is my first year on the team.
2. Host: _________________________________________________________________?
Liz Heart: No. I was one of the lucky ones who didn’t get sick.
3. Host: _________________________________________________________________?
Liz Heart: It was a terrible blow. I was very upset.
4. H
ost: _________________________________________________________________?
Liz Heart: Well, right now I’m handling it by concentrating on getting in shape and
thinking of next year.
5. Host: _________________________________________________________________?
Liz Heart: Yes. I think we have a very good chance of winning.
g. Practice the dialogue with a partner in class.

Health and Fitness Today

a. Do you remember the text from “Health and Fitness Today”? Answer the following questions.
1. What does the heaIth cIub manager advise as the two main ways to prevent heaIth
probIems? ______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
2. Give an exampIe of how heaIth cIubs are fIexibIe. _______________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
3. What do most heaIth cIubs offer? ____________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
4. What does heart speciaIist Marvin Kane recommend? ____________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
5. What is the doctor’s advice on how to choose a heaIth and fitness program? __________
_______________________________________________________________________
b. Complete the poster advertising the health club.
__________________ (club slogan)
At the ___________________ (name of club)
we say, “ ____________________________”
We offer:
• _____________________________
• _____________________________
• _____________________________
If you are interested in joining,

__________________
__________________ (make a suggestion)

c. Read the conversation between Kevin, a new member of the health club, and Jack, a
veteran member. Complete the dialogue with the words and expressions below.
deveIoped my muscIes • fIexibIe hours • give up Iunch

harmfuI • nutritious meaIs • variety of activities • your own pace
Kevin: Hi, l’m Kevin. This is my first time at the cIub. How Iong have you been
training here?
Jack: Hi, Kevin. My name’s Jack. l’ve been a member here for about three years.
l Iove using the weight-Iifting equipment. As you can see l reaIIy have
(1) _________________________ .
Kevin: lsn’t too much exercise (2) _________________________?
Jack: Not if you go at (3) _________________________.
Kevin: Weight-Iifting isn’t aII l’m interested in. l’m reaIIy Iooking for a
(4) _________________________.
Jack: WeII, there’s a swimming pooI here and if you are ready to
(5) _________________________, come pIay tennis with me during
my Iunch break.
Kevin: l have a reaIIy busy scheduIe. How can l find time for everything?
Jack: No probIem. This cIub has (6) _________________________. You can
come and work out before you go to work.
Kevin: WeII actuaIIy, l’m starving. Perhaps l’II get a sandwich from the cafeteria.
Jack: l better warn you. They onIy serve (7) _______________________ here.
lt’s hard work staying fit!
d. Fill in the chart with advice on things you should or shouldn’t do in order to stay fit.
Things you should do Things you shouldn’t do
You should ___________________ You shouldn’t _________________

____________________________ ____________________________
____________________________ ____________________________
____________________________ ____________________________
____________________________ ____________________________

Ten Miles
a. Do you remember the dialogue “Ten Miles”? Which phrases express a reprimand?
1. ________________________________________________________________
2. ________________________________________________________________
b. Here are some sentences about health and fitness. Decide what each person is expressing.
Mark the correct column.
Giving advice Reprimanding
1. You shouId eat more fruit and vegetabIes.
2. You shouIdn’t have over-exercised. You’re exhausted.
3. Y
ou shouId check with your doctor before you join the
fitness program.
4. Y
ou shouIdn’t have swum straight after a heavy meaI.
You couId have gotten a cramp.
5. Y
ou shouId exercise daiIy or eIse you’II deveIop
heaIth probIems.
6. Stop eating aII that junk food. You shouId eat nutritious
meaIs if you want to stay in shape.
7. Y
ou shouIdn’t have stayed so Iong at the gym.
You missed an important meeting.
c. Write a dialogue in which you ask a doctor for advice about choosing a fitness program.
Use the words and phrases from activity b. to help you.
You: Excuse me, doctor. Do you think you couId give me some advice on choosing
a fitness program?
Your doctor: _____________________________________________________________
You: _____________________________________________________________
Your doctor: _____________________________________________________________
You: _____________________________________________________________
Your doctor: _____________________________________________________________
d. Practice the dialogue with a partner.

More Conditionals: Past Conditionals

a. Look at the three pictures below. Match the quotation to the situation.
1 2
If I had eaten more

carefully, I wouldn’t have
a.
3 gained so much weight.
b. If we hadn’t caught the flu, we

would have reached the finals.
If I had spent more time in the

c. gym, I would have won the race.
1. 2. 3.
b. Look at the fourth picture. Write your own speech bubble using the Past Conditional.
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________

c. Heart specialist, Martin Kane, gives some of his patients some advice. Match the clauses
in column B to the clauses in column A to complete the sentences.
A B
1. lf you had watched what you ate... a. ... if you had stopped eating such fatty
foods
2. lf you had been more carefuI Iifting weights... b. ... if you had foIIowed my advice.
3. You wouId have succeeded with your diet... c. ... you wouIdn’t have had to go on a
strict diet.
4. lf you had chosen a program to match d. ... your injury couId have been avoided.
your needs...
5. You wouIdn’t have had so many problems e. ... you wouIdn’t have dropped them on
now... your feet.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
d. Read what happened to these people. Complete the sentences using the Past Conditional.
1. Jim didn’t have enough money to join a heaIth cIub. He didn’t become fit.
lf he _______________________________________ enough money to join a health

cIub, he ____________________________ fit.
2. The heaIth cIub cIosed earIy Iast night. Susan didn’ t exercise.
lf the heaIth cIub _______________ earIy Iast night, Susan _______________________.
3. T
om didn’t take his tennis racket to work. He couIdn’ t pIay tennis during his Iunch break.
lf Tom _____________________ his tennis racket to work, he _____________________

______________________ tennis during his Iunch break.
4. D
r. Kane did not give his patients enough information about exercising. His patients
injured themseIves.
lf Dr. Kane ______________________ his patients enough information about exercising,

they _______________________ themseIves.

Unit 3
Problems At Work
News
a. Do you remember the news report about the steel plant strike? Mark the following
statements true ( ) or false ( ).
1. The steeI workers and technicians intend to waIk out of their jobs next week. /
2. The workers are striking because their wages haven’ t been increased. /
3. The workers have gone on strike in the past. /
4. Experts beIieve it is stiII possibIe to save the steeI pIant. /
5. AII negotiations have stopped. /
6. ln the past, the company aIways kept its promises. /
7. The workers are optimistic of a Iast minute settIement. /
8. SoIid SteeI may have to cIose down. /

b. Read the following statements. Mark whether the workers or the management of Solid
Steel made them.
Workers Management
1. “We tried to Iisten to their demands but they are

determined to quit their jobs.”
2. “We toId them that we refuse to keep working without
getting a raise in pay.”
3. “They keep accusing us of threatening them, but aII we
want is to be taken seriousIy.”
4. “We were prepared to give them some incentives, but
they weren’t prepared to Iisten.”
5. “We thought that another strike wouIdn’ t be effective.
We decided to take a more dramatic stand.”
c. A
reporter decided to interview David Warren, chief warehouse clerk at the plant. Complete
the radio interview with the phrases below.
accept incentives • caII for a strike • cIose down

continue with negotiations • increase in wages • throughout the worId
waIk out of
Reporter: ls it true that your men pIan to (1) _____________________ their jobs if
their demands aren’t met?
David Warren: DefiniteIy. Our workers have had no (2) ________________ for the Iast five
years. lf negotiations faiI then the company wiII have to (3) ____________.
Reporter: Why didn’t you (4) ________________________________ as in the past?
David Warren: The Iast one didn’t heIp. We beIieve that the management needs to act
now. After aII, they have the money. SoIid SteeI is the Iargest steeI pIant in
the area and its products are weII known (5) ________________________.
Reporter: ln other words, Mr. Warren, are you saying there’s IittIe hope in reaching
a settIement?
David Warren: Quite honestIy, my men won’t (6) _________________ to go back to
work. They aIso do not want to (7) _______________________________.
Reporter: WeII, thank you for the interview, Mr. Warren. lt seems that it may indeed
be too Iate to save SoIid SteeI Corporation.

d. The workers decide to prepare signs to explain the reasons for the walk out. Write the
text for the signs. Share your slogans with the class.

Fifty Days and Countlng

a. Do you remember the text “Fifty Days and Counting”? Circle the correct answers to
the following questions.
1. What caused the waIkout at FIemming SteeI?
(bad working conditions / a cut in wages / the strike)
2. Who did Chuck Roste bIame for the difficuIt situation?

(the foreign competition / the workers / the management)
3. Who did the workers bIame?

(the management / their wives / foreign competition)
4. W
hat has so far prevented the pIant from cIosing?
(the workers’ wives / the management / both the workers and the management)
5. W
hy is the titIe of the story “Fifty Days and Counting?”
(The strike will only last fifty days. / The strike started fifty days ago and no one knows
when it will end. / The strike is fifty years old.)
b. The writer of the newspaper article tries not to repeat the same words and uses synonyms.
Find the synonyms in the text for:
1. a waIkout ____________________________
2. a cut in wages ________________________
3. shut down ___________________________
4. workers _____________________________
5. cIosing its doors ______________________
c. Complete the following sentences.
1. lf the management (1) ___________________________ (be aware) of the strength of the
competition, we (2) ___________________________ (be) in the pIant now.
2. lf it (3)___________________________ (not be) for the pIant, many peopIe
(4) ___________________________ (not be able) to make a Iiving.
3. lf it (5) ___________________________ (not be) for the IoyaIty of the workers, the
pIant (6) ___________________________ (not survive) as Iong as it has.

d. Read a dialogue between some of the wives of the strikers. Complete the dialogue with
the words and phrases below.
cut in wages • financiaI difficuIties • IoyaIty • make a Iiving • pIant

predicted • quit • soIution • under the circumstances
unproductive
Nina: We can’t aIIow the pIant to cIose. How eIse wiII our husbands be abIe to
(1) ________________________________________?
Debra: l disagree. Our husbands can’t work on such Iow wages. They aIready took a
(2) __________________. How can we manage on so IittIe money? For the Iast
few years, we aII knew the pIant has suffered (3) ___________________.
No wonder my husband is ready to (4) ___________________; he feeIs the pIant has
no future.
Fiona: l bIame the management. They shouId have (5) ___________________ that foreign
competition wouId be harmfuI.
Nina: l agree. The management doesn’t appreciate our husbands’ (6) _________________.
The (7) __________________ wouIdn’t have Iasted this Iong without their good wiII.
Fiona: But what about a (8) ___________________ to the probIem? AII the negotiations
have been (9) ___________________.
Debra: l suggest we join the strike. l think we couId make a difference if we stand aIongside
our men.
Nina: BriIIiant idea! The radio and teIevision wiII Iove it! l can see the headIines, “Women
support striking husbands!” (10) ____________________ there’s no other choice!
e. Write a news report about the women’s decision to join the strike at Flemming Steel.
Remember to include:
• What happened
• When it happened
• Who was involved
• Why the event took place
• Quotes from the women (see activity d)
• A headline
f. Share your news report with the class.

Quitting
a. Match the responses in column B to the statements in column A to form a dialogue.
A B
1. Are you thinking of quitting? ____ a. You were wrong.
2. l’ve heard you were pIanning to Ieave.___ b. Don’t be.
3. l’m thinking of quitting, myseIf. ____ c. Why do you ask?
4. l’m sorry to hear that. ____ d. You’re kidding.
b. Express your intentions about the following situations:
1. You feeI that you are not getting enough attention from your teacher.
______________________________________________________________________
2. Your boss asks you to work an hour Ionger every day without extra pay .
______________________________________________________________________
3. You win a miIIion doIIars in the Iottery.
______________________________________________________________________
4. The company you work at cIoses.
______________________________________________________________________

c. Look at the pictures of the people in unhappy situations at work. What do you think the
people intend to do? Write a sentence for each picture using an expression of intention
(thinking of, planning to)
I hate my boss. What are you going to do

about the cut in wages?
1. 2.
________________________________ ________________________________
________________________________ ________________________________
They’re wasting time. Why do they

take such long coffee breaks?
3.
________________________________
________________________________
d. Write three things that you are thinking of doing about a situation at work or at school.
Use expressions such as: I’m thinking of…, I’m planning to…, I intend to...,. Share your
sentences with a partner in class.

More Relative Clauses: Non-Restrictive

a. Put commas around the non-restrictive relative clauses.
1. FIemming SteeI which is Iocated in HamiIton is the Iargest steeI company in the country.
2. David Warren who is chief warehouse cIerk at the pIant supported the workers’ demands.
3. The workers who are stiII striking had aIready had a decrease in saIary.
4. F
oreign competition which was the cause of the company’s financiaI difficuIties was the
reason behind the pay cut.
5. Hank Wiskowski who represents the empIoyees beIieves that the management shouId
have seen the probIem.
b. Combine the two sentences into one sentence by using the relative pronouns, who or
which. Read the sentence to a partner.
1. Mrs. Smith went on strike with her husband. She is one of the worker’s wives.
______________________________________________________________________
2. SoIid SteeI is the Iargest pIant in our region. lt is going to cIose down tomorrow.
______________________________________________________________________
3. Hank Wiskowski disagrees with the management. He represents the empIoyees.
______________________________________________________________________
4. The workers are stiII striking. They went on strike fifty days ago.
______________________________________________________________________
5. lncentives were rejected by the workers. They were offered by the management.
______________________________________________________________________
c. C
omplete the sentences using an appropriate relative clause. Share your sentences with
the class.
1. My boss, ________________________________________________, is very successfuI.
2. The dress shop, _______________________, is now importing cIothes from the Far East.
3. My coIIeague, ___________________________________________, has decided to quit.
4. The management, _____________________________, has refused to negotiate with us.
5. The products, ____________________________________, have become too expensive.

Unit 4
A Helping Hand
Call-In
a. Do you remember the radio call-in, “Point of View,” from the computer lesson? Mark the
statements that the radio host said during the program.
1. We want to hear what you think.
2. l don’t think society shouId feeI responsibIe for them.
3. You’re on the air.
4. l’d Iike to comment on what Mr. Dawkins said.
5. l’m sorry, but l have to interrupt you.
6. What are your views on the situation of the homeIess?
7. We have another caIIer.
8. Do we have someone on the Iine?
9. Thank you aII for Iistening.
10. Join us again.

b. Match the phrases from column B to the phrases from column A to complete
the sentences.
A B
1. We wiII discuss the situation... a. ...on whether or not you’re wiIIing to work.
2. What is our responsibiIity... b. ...who don’t have enough money to pay the
rent.
3. Keeping a job depends... c. ...of the homeIess in America’s cities.
4. HomeIess peopIe are usuaIIy capabIe... d. ...peopIe who have had some bad Iuck.
5. The homeIess may be senior citizens... e. ...as members of society?
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
c. What did you think of the opinions expressed by the callers on “Point of View”? Mark
whether you agree or disagree with the statements below. Then exchange answers with a
partner.
Agree Disagree
1. Keeping a job usuaIIy depends on whether or not you’re wiIIing to

work.
2. l don’t think the society shouId feeI responsibIe for these peopIe.
3. l don’t beIieve in heIping peopIe who won’ t heIp themseIves.
4. The homeIess are reaIIy no different from you or me.
5. lf the estabIishment had taken steps to heIp these peopIe, the

situation wouId be different today.
d. Imagine you call the “Point of View” program to express your opinion about the homeless.
Write a dialogue between the radio host and yourself. Use the words and phrases from
activities a. and b. to help you.

Does Homeless Mean Helpless?

a. Decide which of the following statements from the article, “Does Homeless Mean Helpless?”
express a fact or an opinion. Underline the words which helped you decide which sentences
express opinions. Mark the appropriate column. Check your answers with a partner.
fact opinion
1. Thousands of youngsters and eIderIy peopIe Iive on the ___________ ___________
streets.
2. Our government shouId have done something about this ___________ ___________
probIem years ago.
3. lt is expected that by the year 2000, ten per cent of the ___________ ___________
country wiII be Iiving on the streets.
4. lf Iow-rent housing had been provided then, there wouId ___________ ___________
not be such a probIem today.
5. WiIIy Burns has spent the Iast nine years on the street. ___________ ___________
b. Who said what in the article? Mark the appropriate column.
Mrs. Jacks Mr. Burns Kevin
1. “l am not capabIe of Iiving Iike other citizens.”
2. “Wherever l went, l’d stiII feeI Iike l didn’t beIong.”
3. “No positive steps have been taken to offer these

peopIe an aIternative Iife.”
4. “l came from a home where

there was a Iot of vioIence.”
5. “l can’t heIp wondering why

peopIe want to heIp me.”

c. Which of the people in activity b. might have made the following statements?
1. “Life has been pretty bad. l have no hope for the future.”
(Mrs. Jacks / Mr. Burns / Kevin)
2. “Life in a retirement home is wonderfuI. lt’s a pity not aII senior citizens can afford it.”
3. “l chose to Iive on the streets. lt’s what l prefer.”

d. Add another statment each person might have said.

1. Mrs. Jacks: _____________________ _______________________________________
2. Mr. Burns: _____________________ ________________________________________
3. Kevin: _____________________ ________________________________________
e. Match the words in column B to the correct words in column A.
A B
1. take ___ a. housing
2. provide ___ b. a difference
3. give ___ c. steps
4. make ___ d. an aIternative Iife
5. offer ___ e. a point of view
f. W
hat steps could be taken to help the homeless? Read the following ideas and choose
three that you agree with.
1. Distribute free meaIs to peopIe who Iive on the streets.

2. Force the homeIess to go into sheIters.
3. Have sociaI workers visit the homeIess once a week.
4. Have doctors go out on the streets to examine the homeIess.
5. Provide Iow-rent housing.
6. lnvite the homeIess into your home.
g. Look at the title of the Passage “Does Homeless Mean Helpless?”. Do you think homeless
means helpless? Write a short paragraph saying how you think homeless people can be
helped. Use your own ideas or those in activity f. Give your paragraph to a partner to read.

Do You Need Help?

a. In the dialogue, “Do You Need Help?” a young man tries to help a woman. Write the
phrases from the dialogue that express the following:
1. offering heIp ____________________________________________________________

2. accepting heIp __________________________________________________________
3. refusing heIp ____________________________________________________________
b. Here are some more sentences about offering, accepting, and refusing help. Decide
which each person is expressing, and mark the correct column.
Offering heIp Accepting heIp Refusing heIp
1. Can l heIp you carry your shopping bag?
2. l prefer to depend on myseIf, thanks.
3. PIease, Iet me give you a hand. lt’s reaIIy

no troubIe.
4. l don’t want your heIp. l can manage
by myseIf.
5. WouId you Iike me to heIp you find a job?
6. Can l at Ieast offer you a hot meaI and

a cup of coffee?
7. l’ve toId you before - l Iike doing things my
own way.
8. Oh, aII right. You can drive me to the
doctor’s.
9. Yes, that’s very kind of you.
10. ls there anything eIse l can do for you?

c. Write two alternative dialogues. In Dialogue 1, a homeless person accepts help from a social
worker. In Dialogue 2, he refuses help. You can use the phrases from activities a. and b. to
help you.
Dialogue 1
Social worker: Do you need heIp finding a pIace to stay?
Homeless person: _________________________________________________________
Social worker: _________________________________________________________
Homeless person: _________________________________________________________
Social worker: _________________________________________________________
Homeless person: _________________________________________________________
Dialogue 2
Social worker: Do you need heIp finding a pIace to stay?

Homeless person: _________________________________________________________
Social worker: _________________________________________________________
Homeless person: _________________________________________________________
Social worker: _________________________________________________________
Homeless person: _________________________________________________________

More Relative Clauses: Review
a. Read the following descriptions of characters from the unit. Choose the correct relative
pronouns to complete the texts. Then, match the pictures to the descriptions.
1. “Point of View” is a radio caII-in program

(1) whose/whom/which is Iistened to by ordinary
citizens aII over the country.
(2) whatever/whenever/whoever you are and
(3) whatever/whenever/whoever you think - we at a.
“Point of View” want to hear from you.
So caII us now - and Iet’s hear (4) what/that/which
you have to say! ___
2. Poor Kevin came from a home

(1) whose/where/that there was a Iot of vioIence.
As a resuIt, he ran away from home and ended up
on the streets. Now, (2) wherever/whenever/whatever
he goes, he feeIs he doesn’ t beIong. He has a very b.
negative attitude about the future and feeIs that
(3) whatever/whenever/whoever he does wiII
end in faiIure. ___
3. WiIIy Burns, (1) whose/whom/where Iife for the Iast

nine years has been spent on the streets, cIaims that
he is homeIess by choice. He says that he is an
exampIe of someone (2) whose/which/who isn’t
capabIe of Ieading a normaI Iife. c.
(3) Whatever/Wherever/Whenever happens, he
prefers to depend onIy on himseIf. ___
4. MariIyn is a sociaI worker (1) who/where/which

works with homeIess peopIe. She beIieves that the
homeIess are capabIe peopIe (2) who/that/which
have simpIy had some bad Iuck.
(3) Whatever/Whoever/Whenever the reason peopIe d.
have for being homeIess, MariIyn beIieves that
society aIways has the responsibiIity to heIp out. ___

b. Complete the description of Mrs. Jacks by adding the correct relative pronoun.
Mrs. FIory Jacks, (1) ____________ Iives in a retirement home, is satisfied with her Iife.
However, she has to do (2) ____________ the staff at the home teIIs her to do. Sometimes,
when she is IoneIy, she speaks to (3) _____________ is around at the moment. She reaIIy
misses her oId neighborhood, (4) ___________ she had Iived for over 40 years.

Unit 5
A Healthy Diet
a. Mark the statements true ( ) or false ( ), according to the video.
1. Tamara is studying nutrition. /

2. Kelly is happy to help Tamara. /
3. Kelly says processed foods are bad for you. /
4. Tamara usually has cereal for breakfast. /
5. Kelly has just made some cookies. /
b. Complete the sentences using the words below.
artificial • diet • pronounce • processed
1. What do you mean by “___________________” food?

2. Processed food contains a lot of ___________________ and fake ingredients.
3. My motto, “If you can’t ___________________ it, don’t eat it.”
4. You can have some processed foods here and there, but it shouldn’t be a major part of
your ___________________.

c. Read the scriptwriter’s summary of the next episode of the soap opera. Write the
dialogue for the script. Act out your script in class. Tamara and Kelly talk again the
same week. Write the dialogue for their conversation.
So Kelly, how’s your new diet going?

Tamara: _________________________________________________________________
Kelly: _________________________________________________________________
Tamara: _________________________________________________________________
Kelly: _________________________________________________________________
Tamara: _________________________________________________________________
Kelly: _________________________________________________________________
Tamara: _________________________________________________________________
d. Practice the dialogue with a partner.

After a Heart Attack

a. D
o you remember the advice for people recovering from a heart attack? Mark the advice
mentioned in the article.
1. No smoking. 4. Eat sensibly.

2. Drink lots of water. 5. Limit alcohol.
3. Keep in shape. 6. Get enough sleep.
b. L
ook at the posters in Dr. Chadwick’s office. Write advice to match each picture. Use you
should / you shouldn’t.
You should...
________________________________ You shouldn’t...
________________________________
________________________________ ________________________________
________________________________ ________________________________
________________________________ ________________________________

c. Do you remember the instructions and advice for people recovering from a heart attack?
Read the following text and underline the incorrect information.
Many victims of heart attacks do not know how to behave after the heart attack. There are
things you may do and things you may not do.
You may smoke two cigarettes a day, but no more. AIso, you may not drink any aIcohoI at
aII, incIuding wine.
As far as your diet is concerned, eat nutritious food. You may eat as much griIIed fish and
chicken as you wish. Don’ t worry about your weight.
Don’t weigh yourseIf more than once a month. lt’s a good idea to exercise once in a whiIe.
Exercising too much can weaken your heart. Keep fit and eat sensibIy and you can
prevent another heart attack.
d. Compare the two diets of two men who come to the doctor’s office after they suffered a
heart attack.
Paul’s Daily Diet Greg’s Daily Diet

cereaI whoIe-grain bread
fried egg cottage cheese
steak and chips griIIed fish and saIad
red wine fried sausages
pasta vegetabIe pie
saIad fresh fruit
ice cream beer and peanuts
chocoIate cake
1. Which of the two has the heaIthier diet? Why?
______________________________________________________________________
2. Write advice to each of the men on how to improve each of their diets. Use the phrases:
you should or you should not.
______________________________________________________________________
e. Write down your daily diet. Share it with a partner and decide if it is a healthy diet.

Can l Help?
a. Do you remember the dialogue “Can I Help?” in the computer lesson?
1. Where does the diaIogue take pIace? _______________________________________
2. What kind of heIp is the man offering? _______________________________________
3. What mistake did the woman make? _______________________________________
4. What does the man offer to do? ____________________________________________
5. Does the woman agree? ____________________________________________
b. Which phrases from the dialogue are used to:
offer heIp _____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
accept heIp _____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
c. Read the following sentences that give advice on health and happiness. Decide what each
sentence expresses. Mark the correct column.
Offering heIp Accepting heIp
1. “Can l suggest a reaIIy good diet?”
2. “Sure, if l don’t have to starve!”
3. “Can l help you buy fruit and vegetabIes this week?”
4. “l think l can manage cutting out saIt.”
5. “CouId l recommend a good dietician?”
6. “Thank you for your advice about exercising.”
7. “Can l prepare you a great Iow fat Iunch?”

d. A doctor gives advice to his patient, Pam. Pam does not want to follow the doctor’s advice.
Write the dialogue. You can use the sentences below or write your own. Practice the
dialogue with a partner.
Doctor: Good morning, Pam. l think today we shouId taIk about how you can get into
better shape and feeI happier about yourseIf. At your age, bad habits can be
dangerous! Can l offer some heIp?
Pam: ______________________________________________________________
Doctor: ______________________________________________________________
Pam: ______________________________________________________________
Doctor: ______________________________________________________________
Pam: ______________________________________________________________
Do you want me to explain how to eat more nutritious food?

Can I recommend a way to limit your drinking so much alcohol?
Do you want me to tell you how to start a keep fit program?
I think I’m too old to change my ways.
Do you want me to be miserable all day?

Past Form of Modals: Might / May / Must Have

a. Match the sentences from A and B to express possibility. In some cases there is more than
one possibility. Share your answers with the class.
A B
1. “My boyfriend is very Iate for our date.”__ a. “He may have gone swimming!”
2. “The doctor hasn’t arrived at the cIinic.”__ b. “He may have got deIayed at work.”
3. “Have you seen the gym instructor?” __ c. “He may have gone to the gym after work.”
4. “Do you know where my husband is?” __ d. “He might have visited a sick patient.”
5. “Have you seen the car keys?” __ e. “You may have Ieft them in the car!”
6. “Do you know where the groceries are?” __ f. “You might have forgotten them in the store.”
b. Complete the following sentences using must have to make a logical conclusion.
1. The boss was found on the fIoor of his office. He ________________________ (have) a
heart attack.
2. The doctor came to visit her at home. He _______________________ (decide) that she
needs speciaI attention.
3. The doctor’s report is stiII on her desk. She _____________________ (not finish) writing it.
4. She Iooks much better now. She ______________________________ (go) on vacation.
5. He feII asIeep whiIe driving. He___________________________________ (be) overtired.
You must have

overdone it.

c. Read the following reports about missing items. What must/might/may have
happened? Share your answers with the class.
Missing Talking Parrot

A taIking parrot was reported missing yesterday from its home
in Bayway. The parrot, which beIongs to the gym instructor at
the community center, was Iast seen perched on the window
of the gym.
The parrot _______________________________________
________________________________________________.
Missing Jeep
A jeep was reported missing yesterday after its driver
Ieft it on the beach whiIe he went jogging.
The jeep __________________________________
__________________________________________.
Vet’s Medical Bag Missing

The vet’s medicaI bag was reported missing Iast
evening after he made an emergency caII to heIp
a cow give birth.
The bag _________________________________
________________________________________.

Unit 6
Going Out
Opera Review
a. Do you remember the radio program in the computer lesson? Choose the best answers.
1. The program teIIs about sports events / musical events.

2. There are two / three presenters.
3. The program recommends / doesn’t recommend events.
4. The presenters agree / don’t agree on the best event.
5. The presenters check out the events themselves / take listener’s choices.
6. The program is on every day / once a week.
b. Who says what in the radio program “Sound Sense”? Mark the correct answer.
Allegra Ray
1. “Which upcoming musicaI event tops your Iist of recommendations today?” ____ ____
2. “This musical comedy is sure to become a cIassic.” ____ ____
3. “lf the appIause is any sign, this wiII be the hit of the year .” ____ ____
4. “lf you’ve onIy got one night out, you shouId pIay it safe.” ____ ____
5. “We’II be there checking it out for our Iisteners.” ____ ____

c. Complete the music magazine review with the words below.
cheered • hiIarious • Iots of money • musicaI comedy • on tour

outstanding • recommend • taIented • top of the Iist • worthwhiIe
Best Show in Town!

by Richard Blake
There can be no doubt that “Musical Disturbance” is the (1) _________________ in musical
entertainment this week. The show is a (2) _____________ hit. The entire audience stood up
and (3) __________________ on the opening night. In most critics’ view, this
(4) __________________ will become a classic. The show is making (5) _________________
and is sure to be a huge financial success for director Ali Green. “Musical Disturbance” is an
(6) __________________ production and features very (7) __________________ singers and
actors. The show is (8) ________________ in Newtown for another two months. I strongly
(9) _______________ the musical. This has been my most (10) ______________ experience.
d. Fill in the table according to the information in the Opera review.
“Musical Disturbance” “The Astonished Genius”
Kind of event ____________________ _____________________

Audience reaction ____________________ _____________________
How successfuI ____________________ _____________________
Ray’s recommendation ____________________ _____________________
AIIegra’s recommendation ____________________ _____________________
e. Complete the following sentences in order to compare “Musical Disturbance” and “The
Astonished Genius.” Use the information from your table in activity b.
“MusicaI Disturbance” is a musicaI comedy whiIe “The Astonished Genius” is

(1) ___________________________. They are both (2) __________________________.
The audiences in both events (3) ________________________. However, Ray prefers
(4) _______________________ whiIe AIIegra prefers (5) ________________________.

f. Read the dialogue of the next broadcast of “Sound Sense” and answer the questions that
follow.
Allegra: WeIcome to “Sound Sense,” the program that informs you aII about upcoming
musicaI events around town.
Ray: That was AIIegra Pizzicato and l am Ray Tone - and we have two shows we
want to teII you about this week.
Allegra: WeII the first show, “Never on Monday” which opened this week, is one that
l strongIy do not recommend. The music is intoIerabIy Ioud and the singers
are extremeIy untaIented. l have to say l was very disappointed because the
musicaI is directed by NoeI HiII, the same person who directed the successfuI
“The Astonished Genius.” ln my view , “Never on Monday” shouId never be seen
on any day!
Ray: WeII AIIegra, you seem pretty certain about not recommending that show!
UnfortunateIy, Iisteners are going to be further disappointed to hear that the
Iong-running, popuIar musicaI show “MusicaI Box” has been canceIed due to
the iIIness of some of the main performers. Tickets have aIready been soId
out for the first performance of the new season this weekend. l’m afraid ticket
hoIders wiII have to hang on to their tickets tiII the musicaI is rescheduIed.
l imagine there are going to be a Iot of disappointed fans hearing that
announcement.
Allegra: There’s one bit of good news though...
Ray: And what is that, AIIegra?
Allegra: l was right about the dramatic opera “The Astonished Genius.” lt’ s a huge
success! The tickets are aII soId out!
Ray: CIever girI! We’II be back next week at the same time. See you then.
1. Why doesn’t AIIegra recommend the show “Never on Monday”? ____________________

________________________________________________________________________
2. Why is AIIegra particuIarIy disappointed? ______________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
3. Why was the show “MusicaI Box” canceIed? ___________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
4. How do you know that “MusicaI Box” is not a new show?__________________________
________________________________________________________________________
5. Why does Ray call AIIegra a “cIever girI”? ______________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

Planning a Party
a. Do you remember the text about planning a party? Read this list of steps for planning a
party. Fill in the blanks with the verbs below.
Decorate • Decide • Shop • Invite • Prepare • Enjoy • Wear
1. _______________ guests.
2. _______________ on the menu.
3. _______________ for the food, drinks, and serving utensils

you’ll need.
4. _______________ the food.
5. _______________ the party room to express your personality.
6. _______________ clothes you feel confident in
7. _______________ your party!

b. Use the expressions in activity a. to give a friend 5 pieces of advice about planning a party.
1. You shouId _____________________________________________________________.

2. lt’s a good idea to________________________________________________________.
3. Don’t forget to __________________________________________________________.
4. Make sure _____________________________________________________________.
5. lf you _________________________________________________________________.
c. Sandy made a party following the list of tips. She wrote a thank-you e-mail to the person
who wrote the article about planning a party. Complete her e-mail with the words from
the bank.
presented • stressed • decorated • invited

give up hope • tips • express
To: Article writer

From: Sandy Martin
Subject: Thank-you
Dear Writer,
I just wanted to ______________ my thanks for sharing your party planning tips.
I had wanted to make a party, but I felt too _______________ to do it. Then I read your
article, and you said not to ______________. So I didn’t! And thanks to you and your
_____________________, I made the party and it was a big success! I ______________
about 30 people. As you suggested. I prepared simple foods, but _____________ them in
interesting ways. I also ______________ the party room.
The guests were very impressed.
You helped me to feel relaxed and I might even make another party soon!
Best,
Sandy
d. Write your own instructions on “How not to plan for a party.” Share your instructions with
the class.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

Lunch
a. Do you remember the dialogue “Lunch” in the computer lesson? Write the words that the
two women use to express:
satisfaction ______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
Ieave-taking ______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b. Read the following sentences made by friends going out. Decide what each person is
expressing. Mark the correct column.
Expressing Leave-taking
satisfaction
1. That was a reaIIy great movie. You chose weII. ___________ ___________
2. l’ve got to go now. Take it easy. ___________ ___________
3. Now that was a reaIIy deIicious Iunch. ___________ ___________
4. lt was the best meaI l’ve had in ages. ___________ ___________
5. CaII me when you get home. Drive safeIy. ___________ ___________
6. That was an incredibIe show. l didn’t want it to end! ___________ ___________
7. l’d better get going. lt’s reaIIy Iate. ___________ ___________
8. Take care of yourseIf. ___________ ___________
9. l’II speak to you Iater. See you. ___________ ___________

Conjunctions: Review
a. Add a response to each of the following statements.
1. Sally: l Iove opera.

You: So _________________________________________________________.
2. Ray Tone: l enjoyed that musicaI comedy.
You: l ___________________________________________________________.
3. A
llegra: Ray didn’t Iike the opera that much.
You: Neither ______________________________________________________.
4. A
llegra: Ray didn’t appIaud at the end of the opera.
You: l ___________________________________________________________.
5. J
oan: My daughter hates seafood.
You: My daughter __________________________________________________.
b. Combine each pair of sentences into one sentence by using: not only... but also, either…
or, neither... nor.
You can have griIIed fish. Or you can have chicken.

_______________________________________________________________________.
The audience cheered. They aIso stood up and appIauded.
_______________________________________________________________________.
l didn’t enjoy “Never on Monday”. l aIso didn’t enjoy “MusicaI Box”.
_______________________________________________________________________.
We can go out for dinner. We can go to the movies.
_______________________________________________________________________.
My iron didn’t work. There was a power cut.
_______________________________________________________________________.

c. Read the dialogue between Martin and Barbara, managers of the “Perfect Date Agency”.
Complete the conversation with the conjunctions from the bank. There may be more
than one sutible answer.
either • l’m afraid not • l hope so • l guess so • l guess not

l think so • neither • not onIy • or
Barbara: So, you are Iooking for a smart, pretty, and friendIy young girI.
Martin: (1) _____________________.
Barbara: And you’ve never been on a bIind date before?
Martin: (2) _____________________.
Barbara: WeII don’t worry. (3) _______________ you’II find the right girI quickIy, or you won’t.
Martin: So, do you have someone for me?
Barbara: (4) _______________. Let me see. This one’s caIIed Samantha. She’s twenty-five.
Martin: l’m Iooking for someone who (5) ____________________ smokes nor drinks.
Barbara: l see. WeII Samantha smokes. How about HeIena? Here’s her picture. Do you
Iike the way she Iooks?
Martin: (6) _____________________.
Barbara: Thinking isn’t enough, Martin. You need to feeI!
Martin: WeII, l am a bit nervous IateIy. l am (7) ___________________ nervous about
dating, but aIso about my future.
Barbara: Martin - decide, either you want to date (8) ____________________ you don’t.
Martin: WeII, l think, l want to.
Barbara: You don’t sound enthusiastic, Martin.
Martin: (9) _____________________.
Barbara: WeII, perhaps this isn’t the right time for you.
Martin: Oh, it’s the right time. My mom just passed away and Ieft me a huge house and
a Iot of money.
Barbara: ReaIIy? ActuaIIy, Martin, l’m free and l don’t smoke or drink!

Unit 7
Restaurant Reviews
Family
a. Do you remember Sophie’s voice mail to Johnny in the computer lesson? Mark the
statements true ( ) or false ( ).
1. Johnny did not go to the restaurant. /
2. Sophie went to the restaurant by herseIf. /
3. Carmen is the name of the Chinese restaurant. /
4. Sophie doesn’t usuaIIy eat a Iot. /
5. The meaI was served by a waiter. /
6. Sophie onIy ate three dishes. /
7. Sophie was very satisfied with her meaI at the restaurant. /

b. Read a magazine review of the restaurant Sophie went to. Complete the review with the
words below.
appetite • dishes • fabuIous • favorite

instead of • restaurant • skip • started off • used to be
The Red Dragon Does it Right!

by Adrian Keel
The Red Dragon’s Chinese restaurant, situated in the city center, offers (1)____________
Chinese food. The food is aII buffet styIe and customers can choose from a huge variety
of (2) ____________________.
l (3) ____________________ with the wonton soup (4) ____________________ the
corn soup which the manager recommended. You certainIy need to come with a huge
(5) ____________________ in order to truIy take advantage of the exceIIent food. Don’t
(6) ________________ the sweet and sour chicken. lt was my (7) _________________.
This new (8) ____________________, which is Iocated where Carmen’s
(9) ____________________ wiII no doubt be very popuIar with both the young and oId
in Newtown. lt is advisabIe to reserve your tabIe in advance.
c. Read Johnny’s return text message to Sophie. Look at the restaurant menu on the next
page and mark the foods Johnny chose.
HeIIo Sophie. l forgot to teII you but l went to The Red Dragon’s Chinese restaurant the night
it opened. The food was fabuIous. l hardIy skipped anything - except the corn soup, which l
hate, and the roast beef and the spicy veaI - which are not my favorites. The wonton soup was
deIicious and so were the egg roIIs, Chinese chicken wings, the noodIes, rice, sweet and sour
chicken, and the sesame chicken. For dessert l had the fried bananas. WeII maybe l did miss
out on some things! l’m ready to go there again when you are! Bye!

Tonight´s buffet:
corn soup ___
•
• wonton soup ___
• egg rolls ___
• dim sum ___
• chicken wings ___
• roast beef ___
• sesame chicken ___
• sweet and sour chicken ___

• spicy real ___
• noodles and vegetables ___

• fried rice ___
• fried bananas ___
• lychees ___
d. Decide what you would order from the menu. You can add other dishes as well. Tell your
partner what you chose.

A Seafood and Steak Surprise

a. Do you remember the text from the computer lesson? Match the ends of sentences in
column B to the beginning of the sentences in column A.
A B
1. RaouI was nervous... a. it was very crowded and noisy.
2. They decided to go to Sam’s Seafood and b. they had to wait a Iong time for the waiter to
Steak House... bring their food.
3. When they arrived at the restaurant,... c. was very negative.
4. They reaIized that they shouId have made a d. because the restaurant was offering a meaI at
reservation... haIf-price for students.
5. When they got their tabIe, they weren’t e. because it was in the smoking section and
pIeased... the tabIecIoth and siIverware weren’t cIean.
6. After they ordered,... f. they both had stomachaches.
g. when they had to wait aImost an hour for a

7. Neither Marcy nor RaouI enjoyed their food...
tabIe.
8. On the way home,... h. because it was his first date with Marcy.
9. The review of the restaurant in the coIIege

i. and decided to Ieave the restaurant.
newspaper the next day...
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

b. Read between the lines and choose the best continuation for each sentence.
1. RaouI and Marcy are students and probabIy can only go out to new restaurants / have a
lot of money / cannot afford expensive restaurants.
2. They think they were unfortunate to get a tabIe in the smoking section because they like
smoking / they don’t like smoking / they don’t like the dirt.
3. They asked the waiter for the check because they weren’t happy with the food / they had
stomachaches / they ate roast beef.
4. They wouId have enjoyed their date more if they had more time / weren’t nervous / had
gone out for pizza.
5. RaouI felt sorry / happy / terrible that he hadn’t seen the review of the restaurant before
he went there.
6. The word “surprise” in the titIe of the story refers to the huge variety of food at the
restaurant / the price reduction for students / the terrible experience at the restaurant.
c. What do these descriptions refer to?
1. awfuIIy rare ___________________________________
2. strange, bitter fIavor _____________________________
3. awfuI ________________________________________
4. terribIe _______________________________________
5. crowded ______________________________________
6. didn’t Iook very cIean ____________________________

d. Read Raoul’s e-mail of complaint to the restaurant. Underline the four phrases that have
incorrect facts.
From: Raoul Gonzales

To: The Manager
Subject: Complaint
Dear Sir,
l am writing to compIain about the terribIe evening l spent Iast night at your restaurant. FirstIy,
the restaurant was very crowded and noisy and we had to wait nearIy two hours for a tabIe.
SecondIy, there wasn’t even a tabIecIoth on our tabIe! ThirdIy, the service was disgusting and
the waiter not onIy brought us the wrong food, but my girIfriend’s steak was burned and my
shrimps were very bitter. This was our first date and our evening was ruined.
l hope you take this compIaint seriousIy and compensate me for the meaI. My girIfriend and l
are both suffering from bad stomachaches and we had to canceI our plans for the weekend.
SincereIy,
Raoul Gonzales
e. Rewrite Raoul’s e-mail, replacing the incorrect facts with correct ones.
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________

Recommendations
a. Do you remember the dialogue “Recommendations”? Write the words from the dialogue
that are used to express:
asking for an opinion: ____________________________________________________
giving an opinion: ____________________________________________________
agreeing with an opinion: ___________________________________________________
asking for an expIanation: ___________________________________________________
making a suggestion: ____________________________________________________
b. Read the following sentences about going out to eat. Decide what each person is
expressing. Mark the correct column.
Asking for an
Asking for an Giving an
expIanation or
opinion opinion
cIarification
1. “l beIieve they have very tasty food.”
2. “What do you mean by that?”
3. “The service is awfuI. You have to wait ages for

the food.”
4. “ls it a fancy restaurant?”
5. “Why don’t peopIe Iike going there?”
6. “They serve dinner by candIeIight. lt’s

worthwhiIe going there.”
7. “l wouIdn’t recommend it. lt’s the kind of pIace
your ex-husband wouId choose!”
8. “ls there some reason the pIace is so empty?”

c. Complete the dialogue between Mary and Kate.
Kate: l think we shouId try Papa’s Pizza PIace tonight.
(asks Mary’s opinion) ______________________________________________
Mary: (gives a negative opinion) __________________________________________
Kate: (asks for an explanation) ___________________________________________
Mary: (gives an explanation) _____________________________________________
Kate:
(agrees with Mary’s opinion and makes another suggestion) _______________
______________________________________________________________
Mary: (agrees happily to the suggestion) ___________________________________

More Conditionals
a. Match the clauses in column B to the clauses in column A in order to complete the
sentences.
A B
1. “lf you hadn’t eaten aII that food, a. ...we wouIdn't have had to wait so Iong."
2. "You wouId have been happier... b. ...you wouIdn't have been so sick."
3. "lf we had reserved a tabIe, c. if we had chosen what you suggested."
4. "They wouId have chosen something eIse... d. l wouIdn't have burned the meaI."
5. "lf you had been on time, e. if you had compIimented the cook!"
6. "She might have given you more dessert... f. if they had asked our opinion."
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
b. Show that you understand the conditional sentences by completing the re-stating of each
sentence.
1. lf we had ordered pizza, we wouId have been happier.

We weren’t happy because we _____________________________________________.
2. lf they had gone to a Japanese restaurant, they wouId have had to sit on the fIoor.
Since they didn’t go to a Japanese restaurant they ______________________________.
3. lf she hadn’t been so hungry, she wouIdn’t have been abIe to finish her meaI.
She finished her meal because _____________________________________________.
4. lf the food had been good, the newspaper wouId have given it a good review.
Since the food was not good, the newspaper __________________________________.
5. lf she had skipped the soup, she wouId have enjoyed the buffet more.
She didn’t skip the soup so she ____________________________________________.

c. Complete the sentences using the correct form of the conditional.
1. “lf l had had enough money 2. “l wouIdn’t be sitting here if we

to pay the biII / l wouldn’t be didn’t have an argument / if we
washing / l wouldn’t wash dishes hadn’t had an argument.”
now”.
3. “We wouIdn’t be standing in Iine 4. “lf l hadn’t Iost my job,

if we made a reservation / if we I wouldn’t be standing here /
had made a reservation.” I wouldn’t have stood here.”

Unit 8
Meeting People
Soap Opera
a. Do you remember the soap opera with Angel and Veronica? Arrange the sentences in the
correct order according to the sequence of events in the lives of Angel and Veronica.
a. AngeI comes to see Veronica.

b. She is nervous about how to behave at the meeting.
c. Veronica doesn’t recognize AngeI immediateIy.
d. Their uncIe and aunt separate them.
e. They discover they have the same tastes.
f. AngeI and Veronica’s parents die in a car accident.
g. Veronica remembers who AngeI is.
h. AngeI dreams of meeting Veronica during the years they are apart.
i. AngeI teIIs Veronica that she is her Iong Iost twin sister.
j. They have the rest of their Iives to get to know each other.
b. Tell the story of Angel and Veronica’s lives to your partner.

c. Read the following quotes from the soap opera. Which quotes express regret and which
express hope?
Regret Hope
1. “lf onIy we hadn’t been separated, we couId have been together aII ____ ____
these years.”
2. “l shouId have tried to caII first.” ____ ____
3. “We have the rest of our Iives to get to know each other again.” ____ ____
d. Read the radio interview with the two actresses who played the part of the twins, Angel
and Veronica. Complete the interview with the words from below.
affectionateIy • coming back to me now • Do l shake her hand

episode • in common • personaIities • separated • soap opera
Interviewer: WeII, it’s great to have you both on my show, “Meeting PeopIe.” The
radio soap opera, “A Stranger from the Past” was very popuIar with our
Iisteners. l beIieve you both got a Iot of fan maiI, particuIarIy after the
finaI episode. Debra, you pIayed the part of AngeI. How much did you
identify with her character?
Debra Leigh: WeII, l tried to imagine what it wouId feeI Iike - finaIIy meeting
your twin sister. l reaIIy did ask myseIf questions Iike: (1) ____________

(Angel) _____________________? or shouId l hug her (2) _______________
___________________?
Interviewer: Katherine, you pIayed the part of Veronica. Did you enjoy pIaying that
roIe?
Katherine Taylor: Yes, it was wonderfuI. ln the finaI (3) ______________________, l kept
practicing the part when my memory came back and l said, “lt’s aII

(Veronica) (4) ________________________.” When l remembered how we were
(5) __________________ at such a young age, l feIt very emotionaI.
Interviewer: You both actuaIIy Iook very aIike. Do you have much (6) ___________
________________________?
Debra: You won’t beIieve it but our (7) ___________________ are very simiIar.
We Iike the same kind of cIothes and music.
Interviewer: WeII, thank you both for this excIusive radio interview. We Iook forward
to having you both take part in another successfuI radio (8) _________
__________________________ very soon!

The Day I Met Mick

a. Do you remember the story in the computer lesson? The writer tells about some things
that went well and some things that went wrong. Read the following statements and
write them in the correct column.
- The aIarm cIock didn’t ring. - A sports car crashed into her car.
- There was no hot water for the shower. - She wasn’t hurt.
- A poIiceman signaIed her to stop. - The driver of the sports car was the
- The poIiceman was reaIIy cute. musician, Mick StarIight.
- The poIiceman onIy gave her a warning. - He gave her tickets to his next concert.
Good things Bad things

______________________________ ______________________________
______________________________ ______________________________
______________________________ ______________________________
______________________________ ______________________________
______________________________ ______________________________
b. Write a newspaper report about the accident. You can write your own or complete
the report below. Add a headline to the report.
(headline) _______________________________
Last night a very Iucky Iady had an accident. lt happened at (give time) _____________ at the
intersection of (give two street names) ______________________________. The woman,
Judy Robbins, had Ieft home in a hurry in order to (give the reason) ____________________
____________________________. When she reached the intersection, (write what she did)
__________________________________. That’s when a sports car (write what happened)
___________________________. She was surprised (give reason) ____________________
____________________________. The driver was (give driver’s reaction)
_____________________________ that he (write what he did) _____________________.

c. Read the story the policeman told his wife. Complete the story by using the words below.
embarrassed • intersection • ironed • mess • nervous • right into

signaIed • warning • wet
“l noticed a yeIIow mini speeding aIong University Road at 10:37. l (1) ________________ the
driver to stop and move over to the side of the road. The driver Iooked very (2)____________
and scared. She Iooked as if she’d just run out of her house; her cIothes weren’t
(3) _________________ and her hair was stiII (4) ________________. She seemed very
(5) ___________________about the way she Iooked. She admitted she had been speeding
so l just gave her a (6) __________________. Quite honestIy, she Iooked such a
(7) __________________ l thought she wouId cry if l shouted at her .
l decided to foIIow her since l was rather concerned about her strange appearance. At the next
(8) ____________________, she stopped for a red Iight. That’s when a sports car went
(9) ____________________ her car. LuckiIy, no one was hurt. When l asked the driver
for his Iicense, he tried to teII me he was some famous musician. But l’ve heard that
story before!”

Nice Meeting You

a. Do you remember the dialogue “Nice Meeting You?” The man was not interested in
continuing a relationship with the woman. Read the following statements and decide
which show that the person is not interested in continuing the relationship.
1. See you around.

2. Don’t caII me again.
3. When can l caII you?
4. l’m sorry, but l’m reaIIy busy for the next few months.
5. See you sometime.
6. l hear there’s a new movie pIaying.
7. l don’t think there’s much point in continuing, do you?
8. How about Iunch next week?
9. ls there a speciaI restaurant you’d Iike to go to?
10. l hope we see each other again soon.
b. Read the following situations and decide which expresssions of leave-taking

below you could use in each situation.
1. You have an interview for a new job. You take Ieave of the person who interviewed you.
2. You and your best friend just had Iunch together. You have to get back to the office.
3. You spent the afternoon with your grandmother. You have to return home.
4. Y
ou were on a date with a person who did not behave nicely. You do not want to see
him/her again.
5. You spent a few days at a friend’s home. You need to get back to your routine.
Expressions of leave-taking:
a. See you Iater. l’ve got to run.
b. lt was so nice seeing you. l’II caII you during the week. Stay weII.
c. Thank you so much for your interest. l hope l’II be hearing from you soon.
d. lt was so great spending time together. lt’s a pity l can’t stay Ionger.
e. CouId you get a taxi home? l’m reaIIy in a hurry to get back home.

c. Imagine you are on a first date. Complete the dialogue between you and your date.
You: l reaIIy had a nice time tonight.
Your date: (politely agree) _______________________________________________
You: (suggest another date) _______________________________________________
Your date: (refuse another date) _______________________________________________
You: (take leave unhappily) _______________________________________________

Past Form of Modals: Review

a. Read the dialogue between Michelle and her boyfriend, David. Complete Michelle’s list of
the things she should have done and the things she shouldn’t have done on her first day
at work.
Michelle: l had the worst day at work. l couIdn’t remember the boss’ name!
David: MicheIIe, it’s David! Like mine. How couId you have forgotten?
Michelle: lt gets worse. l Ieft my Iaptop in the car.
David: lt couId have got stoIen!
Michelle: Yes, and l forgot to take my credit card. l had no money to buy Iunch.
David: You shouId have borrowed money from someone.
Michelle: No, l couIdn’t have. l was too nervous to speak to anyone. l know l shouId have
spoken to some of the other people at work.
David: You didn’t speak to anyone?
Michelle: No, l sat at my computer and hardIy moved. l mustn’t do that again. l must get
some exercise. l have a terribIe headache.
David: Did you at Ieast drink?
Michelle: No.
David: MicheIIe, Iet me take you out to dinner. Where did you put the car keys?
Michelle: l don’t know. l shouId have Ieft them on the tabIe.
David: Yes, you shouId have!!
Things l shouId have done Things l shouIdn’t have done

_____________________ _____________________
_____________________ _____________________
_____________________ _____________________
____________________ _____________________
_____________________ _____________________
_____________________ _____________________

b. Read the problems and suggest possible reasons for the situation. Use the past form of
the modal. The first one is done for you.
1. My roommate hasn’t come home from work 2. T

here’s no answer at my husband’s office.
He must have taken a later train.
yet. ________________________________ _________________________________
3. My taxi hasn’t arrived yet. 4. The kids haven’t eaten supper.
_________________________________ _________________________________
5. We haven’t heard from our neighbors who went to China.

_______________________________________________

Unit 9
Ecotourism
Introduction
a. Complete the conversation about an eco-vacation with the words below.
conservation • eco-lodge • seedlings • species • volunteer • wildlife
Sandra: Lexi, how was your eco-vacation?

Lexi: It was amazing! The (1)________________ we stayed in was very comfortable.
And there was so much (2)________________ surrounding us, it really felt like we
were living in nature!
Sandra: Sounds like fun. So tell me about the activities you did there.
Lexi: On the first day we learned how to plant (3)________________ in a forest. We
learned about all the different (4)________________ of plants there are in the
forest, too.
Sandra: Did you (5)________________ in the local community while you were there?
Lexi: We met some locals, but didn’t do much volunteering. This trip was more focused
on (6)________________ efforts.

b. Match the best response to the questions using perfect tenses.
Question Response
a. No, I haven’t yet. I’ll probably pack
1. Have you ever been to Costa Rica? ___
tonight.
2. Will you have arrived at the lodge by b. Yes, they had. They weren’t able to
sunset? ___ wait for me.
3. Haven’t you packed yet? ___ c. Yes, I have. I went there last year.
4. Has the group gotten off the bus yet? ___ d. Yes, it will have, if it’s not delayed.
5. By this time tomorrow, you’re flight will e. No, they haven’t. They are still on the
have arrived at the airport, right? ___ bus.
6. Had they already begun the tour when f. No, we won’t have. We’ll only get there
you arrived? ___ around midnight.
c. Answer the following questions using perfect tenses.
1. Have you ever been on an ecotour?

_____________________________________________________________
2. Has it been a long time since your last vacation?
_____________________________________________________________
3. Had you heard of ecotourism before you studied this unit?
_____________________________________________________________
4. When will you have finished studying English?
_____________________________________________________________
d. Take turns asking and answering the questions from c. with a partner.

The Experience of a Lifetime

a. Do you remember the poster for Volunteer Vacations? Jeremy is interested in going
on a volunteer vacation and writes an e-mail to the travel agency. Read his e-mail and
complete the activities that follow.
To: Volunteer Vacations

From: Jeremy
Subject: Interested in a volunteer vacation
Hello,
I saw your ad for the volunteer vacations you are offering and they all look
very exciting! I’d like to know more about the trip to Tanzania, Africa. I’ve
always been interested in working with children, and this seems like a great
opportunity! Can you give me more details on the types of building projects
we would be working on? I don’t know much about building, but I am happy to
assist the community in any way I can. I really enjoy meeting new people and
experiencing new cultures.
Also, I have some teaching experience. I saw in the ad that the children can
benefit from volunteers who can teach them English, so I think this would be
a good fit for me. I see that the trip is only for 14 days. Are there similar trips
that are longer? Does this trip offer housing with host families or at eco-lodges?
I’d really like to spend as much time with the locals as possible! I appreciate
any additional details you can give me about this trip!
Thank you very much!
Jeremy
b. According to Jeremy’s e-mail, which of the following statements are true? Mark four
correct answers.
He is interested in teaching English to children.

His priority is to spend time with the community during the trip.
He’s really interested in improving his building skills.
He only has 14 days for his vacation.
He prefers to stay with host families rather than in an eco-lodge.
He has been to Africa before.
He would appreciate receiving more information about the trip.

The Tour Group

a. Do you remember the video about the tour group? Who did what? Complete the table.
Tour
Who… Shirley Tim David
Guide
1. went back to the van to get a camera?
2. got lost the day before?
3. was concerned about poison ivy?
4. asked about planting seedlings?
5. explained about forests?
b. In the next scene, the tour group goes to plant seedlings. Tim finds some poison ivy and
David gets separated from the group again. Write a script for what happens next. Include
the following characters: Tim, David, the tour guide, Shirley.
Use these phrases to help you:

I haven’t seen David in a while…
I think I’ve found some poison ivy…
Oh no, I think I forgot my...
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
c. Act out your script with the class or exchange scripts with partner and read them out loud.

Can I Interest You in an Ecotour?

a. Ivan decides to book an ecotour. He writes an e-mail to his friend about the trip. Read the
e-mail and complete the activity that follows.
To: Paul
From: Ivan
Subject: Let’s go on an ecotour!
Hi Paul,
I finally booked my vacation! I decided to go on an ecotour! I wanted to go to

a new destination so I’ll be traveling to Costa Rica! Have you ever been there?
Even if you have been there, I think it would be a lot of fun to go on this ecotour
together. We’ll get to monitor local wildlife. That’s probably enough to convince
you! We’ll also be constructing new trails in one of Costa Rica’s national parks.
The travel agent should have e-mailed me the itinerary by tomorrow. I’ll send it
to you so you can see more details. Let me know if you decide to join me!
Ivan
b. What information can be inferred from Ivan’s e-mail? Complete the table.
True False We don’t know.

1. Ivan has never been to Costa Rica.
2. Paul has been to Costa Rica.
3. Paul probably likes animals.
4. Paul has agreed to go on vacation with Ivan.
5. Ivan has already sent the itinerary to Paul.

Eco-vacation in Hawaii
a. Do you remember Regina from the computer lesson? Regina’s son, Daniel, writes about
their eco-vacation in his journal. Read the journal entry and answer the questions that follow.
So far our eco-vacation in Hawaii is great! Our flight arrived later than the others, but
luckily the group waited for us to go to Volcanoes National Park. The eco-lodge is nice
and comfortable. On the first night, we got to meet some of the locals. It was interesting
to hear about their culture.
One of the coolest things I’ve seen so far is the black sand beaches. I’d never seen black
sand before! I was looking forward to seeing sea turtles... maybe next time. The waterfall
at Monoa Falls was so high! The water was really cold!
Today we got up early to watch the sunrise. At first, I wanted to sleep, but Mom said I
wouldn’t want to miss it. She was right. I have never seen such an amazing sunrise! We
also went to the Thursten Lava Tube. Mom was worried about my asthma, but it was
really fine. I had to make sure I didn’t bump my head on the ceiling, though! After dinner,
we watched lava pour into the ocean. I got it on video. It was really cool to watch.
Tomorrow is our last day, and we’re going snorkeling! I brought my own gear. Mom and
Dad will get an intro lesson, but I don’t need it. Well, I should go to bed. By this time
tomorrow we will have already had our farewell dinner and luau. I wish this vacation
would never end!

b. Answer the questions according Daniel’s journal entry.
1. Did Daniel and his family make it in time to meet the group at the airport?
_____________________________________________________________________
2. What was one of Daniel’s favorite experiences?
_____________________________________________________________________
3. What is Daniel referring to when he says ‘maybe next time’?
_____________________________________________________________________
4. What was Daniel’s mother right about in line 9?
_____________________________________________________________________
5. Daniel says he doesn’t need a snorkeling lesson. What can you infer from that?
_____________________________________________________________________
c. Match the definitions to the words from the journal entry in activity a.
Words Definitions
a. group of people with its own ideas, beliefs, customs, and
1. local
language
2. culture b. traditional Hawaiian party
3. lava c. person who lives in a specific town or place, not a visitor
4. snorkeling gear d. special equipment used to swim underwater
5. luau e. melted rock that comes out of a volcano
1.___ 2.___ 3.___ 4.___ 5.___

An Eco-hotel Seminar
a. In this lesson you watched a slide show about eco-hotels. Rewrite the following
sentences to make them true. Pay attention to the words in bold.
1. The first eco-hotels were skyscrapers located in big cities.

__________________________________________________________________
2. Hotels can make more money if they rebuild using sustainable resources and building
products.
__________________________________________________________________
3. Towel policies encourage guests to request new towels each day.

__________________________________________________________________
4. One hotel uses special water-saving faucets to help power the building!
__________________________________________________________________
5. It is more environmentally friendly to use electricity, and you save money, too.
__________________________________________________________________
b. You are a hotel owner who is trying to get green certification. You are being interviewed
about your hotel. Complete your part of the interview by answering the interviewer’s
questions.
Interviewer: What kind of hotel do you own?

You: ___________________________________________________________
Interviewer: What do you do to save water in your hotel?
You: ___________________________________________________________
Interviewer: How does your hotel save energy?
You: ___________________________________________________________
Interviewer: What kinds of cleaning products and shampoos do you use?
You: ___________________________________________________________
c. Exchange the interview you wrote in activity b. with a partner and take turns role playing
them.

Unit 10
Personality Types
Introduction
a. Complete the paragraph about different personality types with the words or phrases below.
There are more words and phrases than you need.
ambivert • center of attention • extrovert • introvert • personalities • shy

social interaction • strike up • talkative
My siblings and I look different and have very different (1)________________. My brother,
Hector, is an (2)________________. He’s very outgoing and spends most of his free
time hanging out with friends and meeting new people. No matter where he goes, he
always attracts a crowd, and is the (3)________________. My sister, Nina, is the exact
opposite. She’s an (4)________________. She’s very (5)________________ when she
first meets people. But she’s not antisocial; she enjoys (6)________________ in small
groups, with people she feels comfortable with. As for me, I’m somewhere in the middle.
I’m an (7)________________. I like spending time on my own, but also get energized
when I’m around others. At times I can be quite talkative, and can (8)________________ a
conversation with strangers. But I often prefer to sit quietly.

b. Match the sentences to the meanings they express.
Meanings
1. everyday routines ____
2. actions that began and finished ____
3. spontaneous decisions ____
4. predicitions ____
5. general truths ____
6. series of events that occurred in the past ____
Sentences
a. You’ll be surprised to see how outgoing the children are.
b. Do you study psychology every evening?
c. I’ll talk to Brad about his antisocial behavior.
d. On my flight the person next to me didn’t stop talking the entire time.
e. We heard a lecture, played a game about personalities, had cake and coffee, and went
home.
f. Extroverts enjoy being the center of attention.
c. Write whether these sentences use the Present Simple, Past Simple, or Future Simple.
1. Our date was awkward because we had nothing to say to each other. ______________
2. Do you often go to the movies on your own? _________________
3. Jack always seems very serious. _______________
4. Will you sign up after class to take a personality quiz? _______________
5. She spoke loudly and clearly, and made sure to look at the audience. _______________
6. This job will probably be very boring. _______________

Are You an Extrovert, Introvert, or Ambivert?

a. What’s your personality type? Take this quiz and find out! When you have completed the
quiz, add up your answers. Then refer to the results table.
Strongly Strongly
Personality Quiz Agree
agree disagree
1. It’s easy for you to start a conversation with someone new.
2. You like to be the center of attention.
3. You are spontaneous and always up for a social event.
4. You get bored when things become too routine.
5. Being around lots of people energizes you.
6. It's difficult for you to go a day without social interaction.
7. It's important for you to be liked by everyone.
8. You are easily able to improvise and adapt in any situation.
Strongly agree = 1 point Agree = 2 points Strongly disagree = 3 points
Results
You enjoy constant social interaction, whether at a large party

17-24 or striking up a conversation with someone in the grocery store.
Extrovert Spending too much time alone causes you to feel bored and anxious.
You seek social interaction in order to recharge.
You are more of a mix. You enjoy social events and don’t mind
9-16 large crowds every so often, but you’re ok spending time on your
Ambivert own as well. You’re in good company, as the majority of people fall
somewhere in this middle range.
You enjoy socializing with small groups of close friends or one-on-

1-8 one. Exceptionally noisy and crowded environments overwhelm you.
Introvert You are energized when spending quiet time alone or engaging in
activities you enjoy.
b. Do you agree or disagree with the results of the study? Discuss with a partner.

The Party
a. Neil and Lana are at a large social event. Read the dialogue and complete the chart that
follows.
Neil: I think I’m going to leave now.

Lana: Already?
Neil: What do you mean, “already?” We’ve been here for an hour. It was fun, but now
I’m ready to go.
Lana: Are you shy about meeting new people? Because I can introduce you to some of
the people I’ve met. They’re really nice…
Neil: No. I’m not shy, and I’ve met lots of new people. It’s not that. It’s just that
socializing in large groups tires me out. It zaps my energy. I need to go home and
recharge.
Lana: Are you serious? I’m just the opposite. Being on my own zaps my energy,
and being in large groups recharges me. I could stay here all night!
Neil: I guess that means you’re an extrovert and I’m an introvert.
Lana: I can’t be an extrovert. I’m shy. I mean, I like being around people, but it takes me
time to feel comfortable around new people.
Neil: Shyness isn’t related to being an introvert or extrovert. There are plenty of shy
extroverts and introverts who aren’t shy at all.
Lana: I didn’t know that… In that case, can you please stay a little longer? This shy
extrovert doesn’t want to be here alone!
Neil: Oh, all right… I’ll stay a little longer, but just a little longer…
Lana: Ok, thanks!
b. Complete the chart according to what we learn from the conversation.
Who… Neil Lana Both

1. thinks all introverts are shy?
2. is energized by large crowds?
3. decides to stay longer at the party?
4. met new people?
5. finds social groups tiring?
6. feels uncomfortable around new people?
7. wants to go home early?

I’m an Extrovert!
a. Do you remember the conversations about personalities in the computer lesson? Who
would most probably say the following?
Extrovert Introvert
1. People often say I’m quiet and difficult to get to know.
2. I also have a wide circle of friends.
3. I prefer being around people all the time.
4. I really enjoy meeting new people.

5. I often like to spend time by myself just thinking and
relaxing.
6. I just enjoy doing things on my own.
b. The dialogue from the computer lesson had a lot of examples of people agreeing and
disagreeing with each other. Can you classify the statements correctly?
Agreeing Disagreeing
1. I’m the opposite, I’d get stressed without my friends to talk to.
2. I’m the same, people energize me.
3. I know, I really like meeting new people, too.
4. Really I’d say I’m more of an extrovert.
5. I know what you mean, I need to talk things through with people.
c. Continue this dialogue between an introvert and an extrovert.

Introvert: Hey, I just did an online quiz and it says I’m an introvert!
Extrovert: Really? I’d say I’m more of an extrovert myself.
Introvert: _____________________________________________________________
Extrovert: _____________________________________________________________
Introvert: _____________________________________________________________
Extrovert: _____________________________________________________________
d. Practice the dialogue from activity c. with a partner.

Participating in a Psychology Study

a. Do you remember the texts about the psychology study? Complete the flyer describing
another psychology study by choosing from the words below. There are more words
than you need.
analyzing • conducted • confirmation • eligibility • research • upcoming
Psychology Students Looking for Volunteers

Looking for volunteers for an (1)________________ psychology study. The study will
be (2)________________ on Tuesday, March 12th.
Interested students will receive a brief questionnaire to fill out. We’ll let you know on
the spot if you fulfill the (3)________________ requirements for the study.
We are also looking for psychology majors who can assist us in (4)________________
the results of our (5)________________.
All interested students should e-mail Elroy Frank: E_Frank@Edmail.com
b. Match the definitions to the words.
Word Definition
1. psychology a. feeling sure of yourself, believing in your ability to do things
b. period of time when a person changes from being a child
2. survey
into being a young adult
3. intense c. a very short time
4. confident d. study of the mind and the way people behave
5. adolescence e. having or showing strong emotions
6. brief f. a series of questions people are asked to get information
1.___ 2.___ 3.___ 4.___ 5.___ 6.___

An Interview With a Career Advisor

a. Do you remember the podcast about Holland personality types? Read the article below
and answer the questions.
What Is Your Holland Code?
Is your job right for you? In the 1950s, psychologist Dr. John Holland theorized that
certain jobs fit certain personality types. And when people are paired with appropriate
jobs, they succeed.
According to Dr. Holland’s theory, people can be divided into six basic personality types:
Realistic (Doers), Investigative (Thinkers), Artistic (Creators), Social (Helpers), Enterprising
(Persuaders), and Conventional (Organizers). Humans have many different sides to them,
however, and don’t fall into just one category.
With Holland’s personality test, each person receives a three-letter code. The three letters
stand for the top three personality categories the person falls under. One person might
be RES (Realistic, Enterprising, and Conventional), while someone else is IRE (Investigative,
Realistic, and Enterprising).
Holland not only categorized people by these personality types, but he categorized
jobs, too. Nursing is an SIA job, for example, while accounting is CSE. Once we know a
person’s Holland Code, we can match him or her up with jobs that have the same, or
similar, Holland Codes.
Holland Codes are used in many career tests today. Take Holland’s personality test
yourself, and see if you agree with the results!
1. Why does a Holland Code have three letters?

_________________________________________________________________
2. Which personality types make up a CSE?
_________________________________________________________________
3. According to the article, how can you find out your Holland Code?
_________________________________________________________________

b. Below is a discussion between a student and teacher about introverts and extroverts.
Read the dialogue and answer the questions.
Student: What makes one person an introvert and another person an extrovert?
Teacher: Well, according to some studies, part of the answer lies in dopamine. Dopamine
is a chemical released in our brains. When we’re active, social, or take risks, the
dopamine gives us strong bursts of happiness.
Introverts are sensitive to dopamine. They feel dopamine’s effects rather easily, so
they don’t need a lot of it. When they do get a lot of dopamine, it’s too much for
them, and it makes them feel anxious. So lots of activity and socializing can be
hard or tiring for them.
Student: And the opposite is true of extroverts?
Teacher: Yes. Extroverts are less sensitive to dopamine; so they need to try harder to feel
its effects. They need to be extra active, lively, and talkative in order to get the
chemical’s rewards.
Student: I see. But you said that dopamine is only part of the answer…
Teacher: Yes. There’s much more to the question of what makes introverts and extroverts.
In fact, according to the studies I mentioned, another part of the answer lies in a
second chemical called acetylcholine. I’ll talk about that next…
1. What is dopamine?
_____________________________________________________________________
2. Why does the teacher talk about dopamine?
_____________________________________________________________________
3. Who is sensitive to dopamine?
_____________________________________________________________________
4. If you’re not sensitive to dopamine, what happens?
_____________________________________________________________________
5. What will the teacher talk about next?
_____________________________________________________________________

APPENDIX
Lesson Texts
Intermediate 3 Appendix
Unit 1
Couples
Nick and Emily

Emily: Nick? What are you looking at?
Nick: Just daydreaming.
Emily: Daydreaming about what?
Nick: Well, there’s this girl that I’m interested in...
Emily: Really? Tell me about her.
Nick: She’s pretty, she has a great sense of humor, and I really love spending time
with her.
Emily: So, you should ask her out.
Nick: But I’m worried she just sees me as a friend.
Emily: Well, does she seem to enjoy hanging out with you?
Nick: I think she does. She did say I’m a lot of fun to be around.
Emily: And she’s right. You are a lot of fun to be around.
Nick: Come to think of it, I think you’d really like this girl.
Emily: I bet I would. Who is she?
Nick: Actually, she’s...you.
Emily: Me?!
Student: Shhhh!
Emily: Why didn’t you say so!
Nick: Well, I am now. What do you think about going to see a movie with me?
Emily: I’d love to!

A New Acquaintance
The phone rang next to Meg’s bed. lt was Judy.
“Hi, Meg!”
“Oh, hi, Judy! How are you?”
“Great!”
“Great? Why?” Meg asked suspiciousIy. Judy was aIways either feeIing great
or compIaining about everything. “l’ve just met the man l want to spend the rest of my Iife
with,” Judy said dreamiIy.
“Where did you meet him?” Meg asked.
“At ‘The Deep BIue Sea’,” Judy repIied.
“What’s that?”
“You know. lt’s that new restaurant where aII the waiters and waitresses wear fish costumes,”
Judy said.
“I’ve never heard of it. How did you meet him?” Meg asked.
“WeII, l saw him at the tabIe across from me. l thought he was a snob. But then he smiIed at
me, and l thought he recognized me from somewhere. He didn’t. He just wanted to meet me.
We started taIking. Meg, he’s so easygoing, and he has a gr eat sense of humor. And he has
the nicest personaIity...”
Meg couId not Iisten to Judy any Ionger. She must have heard this same conversation a
hundred times. Judy, whom no one couId caII shy, met strangers and considered them
friends within minutes. The probIem was that she was often disappointed when she
actuaIIy got to know them.
“Judy,” Meg said.
“Oh, and Meg,” Judy continued, not Iistening, “he was so affectionate. He kissed my cheek
when he said goodbye.”
“Judy,” Meg said again.
“What?”
“Be carefuI.”

“l can trust him. l know,” Judy answered.
“Like you knew about Peter?”
“Oh, Peter. l shouId have reaIized that Peter had probIems when he started caIIing me five
times a day at work. Peter was a mistake. Everyone makes mistakes.”
“And Henry?” Meg continued.
“Oh, Henry. How couId l have known about Henry?”
“Judy, you couId have known about Henry if you had checked out his excuses. He was aIways
visiting his sick mother. You shouId have known.”
“l guess so. You’re right,” Judy consented.
“Look! Just be carefuI. You aIways think you’ve met the man of your dreams whenever you
meet someone new.”
They said goodbye, and Meg made herseIf a cup of coffee. She decided to go check out ‘The
Deep BIue Sea’ the next day. lt was time to meet someone new.
Divorced
- Tony and I are getting divorced.
- Oh no. I’m so sorry to hear that.
-T
hat’s okay. We’ve been thinking about it for a while. We’ve both just changed so much over
the years.
-W
ell, as long as you both feel the same way...though, if you ever feel like talking, I’m here for
you.
Past Forms of Modals: Should / Could Have

- Don’t you think you shouId have asked your father for permission to take his car?
- Even if l’d wanted to l couIdn’t have. He wasn’t at home.

Relationships 2
Word Definition Example Sentence
showing love, for instance by Parents should be affectionate

affectionate, adj.
hugging and kissing with their children.
a date with someone you’ve They met on a blind date,

blind date, n. never met before that is and six months later they got
arranged by someone engaged.
Sam’s easygoing and fun to be

easygoing, adj. easy to get along with, relaxed
with.
In some countries, people often

embrace, v. to hug
embrace when they meet.
to behave towards someone

Vick flirts all the time with the
flirt, v. in a way that shows romantic
customers at the store.
interest
Jill and Tom are getting divorced

get divorced, exp. to end a marriage
after being married for 11 years.
to promise to marry one Stephen and Tania got engaged

get engaged, exp.
another last June, after dating for a year.
to become familiar with or Sue got used to waking up at

get used to, exp.
adjust to doing something five o’clock every morning.
have a very strong emotional

in love with, exp. Paul’s in love with his wife.
attachment
My math teacher has no sense

able to appreciate something
sense of humor, exp. of humor, and is always very
funny or make someone laugh
serious.
passing time with someone or

spending time, exp. Ken spends a lot of time at work.
something
to laugh at or make fun of She’ll get upset if you tease her

tease, v.
someone about her accent.

Unit 2
Sport And Fitness
College Sports
Carl Langford: Welcome back to ‘College Sports.’ We’re talking with former volleyball
Olympic champion Tina Lawrence.
Tina Lawrence: Hi Carl! Thanks for having me on the show.
Carl Langford: Tina recently you’ve made a name for yourself as the coach of the
Smithtown University women’s volleyball team.
Tina Lawrence: That’s right.
Carl Langford: Your team was expected to win the women’s college championship this
year. What happened?
Tina Lawrence: We should have done much better, but unfortunately, several of our team
members came down with the flu.
Carl Langford: It’s amazing they played at all!
Tina Lawrence: It is. They weren’t really in any condition to play, but they weren’t willing to
give up.
Carl Langford: How did the team take the loss?
Tina Lawrence: It was a terrible blow to the team’s spirit. Those who have been competing
for longer are handling the upset better. The newer members are taking it
much worse.
Carl Langford: So, what’s next, Coach Lawrence?
Tina Lawrence: Now we concentrate on getting back into shape and preparing for next
year’s championship.
Carl Langford: So can we expect a Smithtown victory next year?
Tina Lawrence: I sure hope so!
Carl Langford: Thank you so much for speaking with us today. And until next time, this is
Carl Langford with ‘College Sports.’

Health and Fitness Today

By Rhonda Freedman
HeaIth and fitness are very much in the news. More peopIe these days are concentrating on
eating sensibIy and staying in shape.
“We try to prevent probIems,” says Jane Roberts, manager of the Eat Right and Stay Fit HeaIth
CIub. “We encourage our members to eat nutritious meaIs and to exercise daiIy. ‘Do it now,’
we teII our cIients. So many of the peopIe who come to us say that they shouId have joined
sooner.”
ln recent years, heaIth cIubs Iike Eat Right and Stay Fit have been opening aII over the country.
Most of these cIubs offer fIexibIe hours and a wide variety of activities. PeopIe who wish to
exercise before going to work can do so earIy in the morning, and many heaIth cIubs do not
cIose untiI Iate at night.
Most heaIth cIubs offer a Iarge and weII-equipped gymnastics faciIity with weight-Iifting
equipment, where cIub members can work on deveIoping their muscIes and getting into
shape. Another popuIar activity is tennis, and members who are wiIIing to give up eating Iunch
on their noon break can be seen carrying rackets to the office.
ls too much exercise harmfuI? Recent studies have shown that peopIe can get hurt from
doing exercise that’s wrong for them. Heart speciaIist Marvin Kane, who is in charge of the
HeaIth and Fitness Research Program at Cedars GeneraI HospitaI, advises checking with a
doctor before beginning any fitness program.
“PeopIe shouId choose programs that have been designed to match their physicaI abiIities and
needs, and foIIow them at their own pace,” says Kane. “lf we had known in the past what we
know now, many injuries caused by over-exercising couId have been avoided.”
95
Ten Miles
- l just ran ten miIes! l’m exhausted.
- You shouIdn’t have run so far.
- And now l’m going to do some weightIifting!
- By yourseIf?
- Yes.
- You shouIdn’t Iift weights without a partner nearby. lt’s dangerous.
More Conditionals: Past Conditionals

- Oh dear! lf l’d known you were aII coming, l wouId have made more food.
- That’s OK. We reaIIy just came to use the pooI!

Sports 2
at your own pace, to do something as quickly or There is no hurry to finish the

exp. slowly as you want to do it. job - do it at your own pace.
build up your to exercise to increase how You should exercise every day
strength, exp. strong you are to build up your strength.
someone’s or something’s The injured player is not in any

condition, n.
physical state condition to play tonight.
I’m exhausted from getting so

exhausted, adj. very tired
little sleep.
a series of competitions at the

end of a certain period to see Their team will be competing in
finals, n.
who is best, often related to this year’s basketball finals.
sports competitions
Even though their team was

to let someone else have their
give in, phrasal verb clearly better, our players fought
way, accept that you lost
hard, and didn’t give in.
When our school basketball

handle an upset, to deal with something
team lost 4 to 24, they had a
exp. unpleasant
hard time handling the upset.
After she had her baby, she

in shape, exp. in good physical condition
exercised to get back in shape.
Elie made a name for herself

make a name for to become famous or
in the banking world, and now
yourself, exp. well-known
she’s very successful.
positive feeling towards playing

Our baseball team has real team
team spirit, n. or working together with others
spirit.
on a team or in a group
I do weight lifting in the gym

the activity of lifting heavy metal
weight lifting, n. three times a week, so I’ll get
to build muscle
stronger.
This is a well-equipped gym,

having everything that is
well-equipped, adj. with all the latest exercise and
necessary for a specific task
sports equipment.

Unit 3
Problems At Work
News
lf five hundred Iaborers and technicians at SoIid SteeI Corporation waIk out of their jobs
tomorrow as pIanned, then the company wiII no doubt have to cIose down.
SoIid SteeI is the Iargest steeI pIant in our region, and its products are famous throughout the
worId. The workers, whose wages have not been increased since the pIant opened five years
ago, couId have caIIed another strike. Under the circumstances, however, they’ve decided to
quit. lndustriaI experts were caIIed in Iast week to heIp management handIe the situation, but
apparentIy it is too Iate now to save the pIant.
Mr. David Warren, chief warehouse cIerk at the pIant, said that the workers wouId neither
accept incentives to go back to work, nor continue with negotiations. Another worker, Mr. John
KapIan, said, “lf they hadn’ t made so many empty promises in the past, then none of this wouId
have happened. Either the generaI manager takes our threats seriousIy, or SoIid SteeI cIoses
tomorrow.”
And now, tomorrow’s weather...
Fifty Days and Counting

By Helen Sykes
The workers at FIemming SteeI, who went on strike fifty days ago, are stiII striking. The waIkout
began when Chuck Roste, Chief Executive Officer, announced a cut in wages. The pIant’s
empIoyees had aIready agreed to a temporary decrease in wages to heIp keep the pIant open
during its financiaI difficuIties. However, when a proposaI for additionaI cuts was made, the
workers objected, and many threatened to quit.

FIemming SteeI has been trying to handIe this probIem for the past severaI years. At one point,
there was even taIk of cIosing down the pIant.
EmpIoyees were faced with a choice of either Iosing their jobs or accepting wage cuts. Chuck
Roste expIains: “Foreign competition has nearIy shut us down. We couIdn’t have predicted the
effect of this competition. Under the circumstances, there just wasn’t any other choice but
to Iower saIaries.”
Hank Wiskowski, who represents the empIoyees, disagrees: “The management shouId have
seen how the industry was changing. lf they had been more aware of the strength of the
competition, we wouId aII be in the pIant now, working.”
So far negotiations have been unproductive. The two sides agree on one thing, though.
Neither FIemming SteeI nor the strikers want the pIant to cIose down. As one striker’s wife
says, “lf it weren’t for the pIant, many peopIe in this region wouIdn’t be abIe to make a Iiving. lf
it weren’t for the IoyaIty of the workers untiI now, the pIant wouId not have survived as Iong as
it has.”
lt seems that FIemming wiII either have to find a soIution to its probIems or cIose its doors for
good.
Quitting
- Laura, are you thinking of quitting?
- No. Why do you ask?
- I heard someone say that you were planning to leave.
- That’s odd. Maybe they confused me with Anna.
- Anna is quitting?
- Yes. She got a great job offer.
- That’s too bad. I’ll miss working with her.
- Well, you still have me!
More Relative Clauses: Non-Restrictive

- My sister, who is a professor of French, Iives in Paris.
- How interesting. Did she get her degree there?
- Yes. She studied at the Sorbonne, which as you know , is the best in France.
99
Labor Relations
Bill always makes empty

a promise that is worthless,
empty promise, exp. promises; he never does what he
that won’t be kept
says he’ll do.
We’ll go on strike if we don’t get

go on strike, exp. to stop work as a protest
more money.
Liz says she’ll quit if she doesn’t

handle the situation,
to take care of things get a promotion. How do you
exp.
want to handle the situation?
something that encourages I have no incentive to finish the

incentive, n.
people to do something project.
I don’t earn much, but it’s

make a living, exp. to earn enough money to live
enough to make a living.
to reduce or lower your

The government is making cuts
make cuts, exp. budget, often in regards to
in its spending.
money
productive, adj. getting a lot done I’ve had a productive day.
I hope you’ll accept our proposal

proposal, n. a suggested idea of hiring more employees to get
the job done.
to choose to stop working at Ralph quit his job, because he

quit, v.
something, often a job didn’t like his boss.
under the It’s a good offer, under the

considering the situation
circumstances, exp. circumstances.
The assistant manager was given

a raise in how much money
wage increase, n. a wage increase after working in
someone is paid
the company for only a year.
to suddenly leave a place

of work as an expression of We should all walk out until they
walk out, phrasal verb
disapproval, to go on strike give us better working conditions.
(also a noun: walkout)


Unit 4
A Helplng Hand
Call-In
Host: Good evening, and weIcome to “Point of View.” This week we wiII discuss the
situation of the homeIess in America’s cities. What sorts of housing aIternatives
are avaiIabIe? What is our responsibiIity as members of society? CouId the
estabIishment have done something to prevent the current situation? We want to
hear what you think. Give us a caII on 967-4133. Do we have someone on the Iine?
CaIIer 1: HeIIo?
Host: HeIIo. You’re on the air. What’s your name?
CaIIer 1: Jim Dawkins.
Host: WeII, Jim, what are your views on the situation of the homeIess?
CaIIer 1: l don’t think the society shouId feeI responsibIe for them. l think these peopIe must
have done something, and as a resuIt, have been Ieft homeIess. Keeping a job
usuaIIy depends on whether or not you’re wiIIing to work. These peopIe must be
Iazy, and l don’t beIieve in heIping peopIe who won’t heIp themseIves.
Host: WeII, thanks for caIIing, Jim. And we have another caIIer. HeIIo. You’re on the air.
What’s your name?
CaIIer 2: l’m MariIyn GoIdshmidt, and l wouId Iike to comment on what Mr. Dawkins said.
l work with the homeIess, and in many cases they are either capabIe peopIe who
have had some bad Iuck, or senior citizens who don’t have enough money to pay
the rent. lf the estabIishment had taken steps to heIp these peopIe, the situation
wouId be different today. We wouIdn’t have young peopIe with chiIdren, and eIderIy
peopIe Iiving on the streets. The homeIess are reaIIy no different from you and me.
They just don’t have enough money to pay rent...
Host: l’m sorry, but l have to interrupt you, MariIyn. We have to end the program now.
Thank you for caIIing, and thank you aII for Iistening. Have a good week, and join us
again next Tuesday evening for “Point of View”.

Does Homeless Mean Helpless?

By Jenny Whyte
One of the most controversiaI issues in today’s society is that of the homeIess. At present,
thousands of youngsters and eIderIy peopIe Iive their Iives on the streets, and the situation is
not improving.
Some peopIe beIieve that if the government had taken more steps to heIp the homeIess,
perhaps by providing Iow-rent housing, then there wouId not be such a probIem today.
Mrs. FIory Jacks, a senior citizen who is Iiving at WaverIy Retirement Home, gave her point
of view. “Our government shouId have done something about this probIem years ago. ln my
opinion, no positive steps have been taken to offer these peopIe an aIternative Iife.”
Mr. WiIIy Burns, whose Iife for the Iast nine years has been spent on the streets, is not so
negative. “l can’t heIp wondering why peopIe want to heIp me. lf l had wanted to make it in
the city, l couId have. l chose not to. l am not capabIe of Iiving Iike other citizens. l prefer to
depend onIy on myseIf.”
However, this is not the attitude in every case. Fourteen-year-oId Kevin didn’t have any good
comments to make about his Iife.
“l came from a home where there was a Iot of vioIence. After a whiIe, l couIdn’t stand it
anymore, so l Ieft. Since then, l’ve been on my own. l guess l couId’ve either gone to some
government pIace or back home, but it wouIdn’t have made any difference. Wherever l went,
l’d stiII feeI Iike l didn’t beIong.”
103
Do You Need Help?

- Ma’am, do you need heIp Iifting your stroIIer onto the bus?
- No. l’m fine, but thanks, anyway.
- Then at Ieast Iet me heIp you carry those bags.
- No, thanks. l can reaIIy manage by myseIf.
- PIease. l enjoy heIping peopIe.
- WeII, OK, young man. You can Iift those heavy bags for me.
More Relative Clauses: Whoever, Wherever, etc.

- My dog is very IoyaI. He foIIows me wherever l go.
- Does he aIso do whatever you teII him to do?
- Of course. Watch. FIuffy, go do the Iaundry!
More Relative Clauses: Whose and Where
- That restaurant where we ate Iast night was terribIe.

- Stop compIaining. Have you forgotten whose idea it was to eat there?
More Relative Clauses: Review

- That bIue car, which is bIocking the driveway, needs to be moved.
- How are you going to figure out whose car it is?
-S
impIe. WiII whoever parked in front of the driveway pIease move their car immediateIy!

Social Problems
Henry’s not capable of fixing the

capable of, adj. able to, has the ability
car himself.
controversial Let’s not discuss controversial

subjects people don’t agree on
issues, exp. issues at the dinner table.
If you ever need any help, you

depend on, v. rely on
can depend on me.
The political establishment was

an informal group that makes
establishment, n. against changing the election
decisions and holds power
rules.
a person without a place to live We must find housing for the

homeless, n.
(also an adjective) homeless.
housing If they can’t rent apartments, we

different kinds of places to live
alternatives, n. need to find housing alternatives.
If you want to make a difference

make a difference, to change things
in your country, you need to
exp.
vote.
manage by to be able to do things without That looks heavy; can you

yourself, exp. help manage by yourself?
on the streets, idiom without a home, living outside Surviving on the streets is difficult.
to make a monthly payment so

you can live in an apartment We pay the rent on the first of the
pay the rent, exp.
or house which belongs to month.
someone else
a person around 65 years of You can buy a ticket for senior

senior citizen, n.
age and up citizens if you are over age 65.
to do something about a The company took steps to

take steps, exp.
certain issue please the workers.

Unit 5
A Healthy Diet
Tamara: Hey Kelly.
Kelly: Yeah?
Tamara: You’re studying to be a nutritionist; can you give me some advice about my diet?
Kelly: Sure. What would you like to know?
Tamara: I really want to eat healthier, but I don’t know where to start.
Kelly: Well, you can start by not eating any more of that cereal.
Tamara: But it’s just cereal. What’s unhealthy about that?
Kelly: Do you have any idea how much sugar is in a bowl of cereal?
Tamara: OK. So what should I eat for breakfast?
Kelly: Try plain yogurt with fruit, or whole-grain toast with a healthy spread.
Look, the most important thing is that you avoid processed foods.
Tamara: What do you mean by “processed” food?
Kelly: I mean, food that’s packaged. You know, comes in a box. Processed food contains a lot
of artificial and fake ingredients. My motto, “If you can’t pronounce it, don’t eat it.”
Tamara: OK so that’s breakfast - what should I do for the rest of the day?
Kelly: Just focus on eating fresh foods. Try chicken, fish, vegetables, fruits, nuts and whole
grains.
Tamara: I don’t think I can give up my cereal or cookies.
Kelly: Look, you don’t have to give up everything all at once.
Tamara: That’s good!
Kelly: You can have some processed foods here and there, but it shouldn’t be a major part of
your diet.
Tamara: OK, you’ve inspired me. I’m going to take your advice... right after I finish this cookie.

After a Heart Attack

1. AbsoIuteIy no smoking!
2. Drink onIy smaII quantities of aIcohoI and Iimit it to wine.
3. Eat sensibIy. Try to eat nutritious food which is neither fatty nor saIty . Stay away from fried
food. Concentrate on eating fresh fruit and vegetabIes, and whoIe-grain bread. Eat just a
smaII amount of either griIIed fish or chicken.
4. Weigh yourseIf weekIy. Remember: being overweight may have caused your condition.
5. Try to keep in shape. Exercise three or four times a week. Keeping fit wiII strengthen your
heart. This wiII heIp prevent another attack.
Can I Help?
- Can l give you some heIp?
- Sure, if it’s no troubIe.
- How many pounds are you Iifting?
- l’m trying to Iift a hundred pounds.
- But you’ve onIy got eighty pounds.
- Oh! l must have made a mistake.
- Do you want me to put the other weights on the bar for you?
- Yes, pIease, if you wouIdn’t mind.
Past Form of Modals: Might / May / Must Have

- ls Mr. Tanaka stiII at work?
- l don’t see him. He must have Ieft.
- Aha... He’s usuaIIy home by now.
-W
eII, his car was giving him some troubIe. lt may have broken down or he might have taken
it to a garage.
107
Health 2
Right now I’m just concentrating

concentrate on, v. to focus on
on getting well.
eat food that is good for the You should eat sensibly and
eat sensibly, exp.
body, eat healthily exercise three times a week.
when your heart suddenly Ingrid is in the hospital,

heart attack, n.
stops working recovering from a heart attack.
a disease that affects your

Bill takes pills every day because
heart condition, n. heart, when your heart doesn’t
of his heart condition.
work as well as it should
to not let something, such as

You should limit the amount of
an amount or number, go past
limit, v. pasta and bread you eat, if you
a certain point, restrict (also a
want to stay thin.
noun)
provides things that your body You should eat broccoli, because
nutritious, adj.
needs, such as vitamins it’s very nutritious.
I am overweight, and need to

overweight, adj. weighing more than you should
lose 20 pounds.
beating of the heart that is

Cory gets heart palpitations when
palpitations, n. stronger and quicker than
she drinks coffee.
normal
Small quantities of this medicine

small quantities, exp. small amounts, a little bit
won’t harm you.
when liquid comes out of your

He’s always sweating, even in
sweat, v. skin, usually when it is hot or
cold weather.
you are nervous
to stand on a scale to find out I weigh myself once a week at

weigh yourself, exp.
how heavy you are the gym.
made from grains, such as

Please buy a loaf of whole-grain
whole-grain, adj. wheat, that have not had any
bread.
part removed


Unit 6
Going Out
Opera Review
AIIegra: WeIcome to “Sound Sense,” the program that teIIs you what’s worthwhiIe Iistening
to around town. l’m AIIegra Pizzicato.
Ray: And l’m Ray Tone.
AIIegra: OK, Ray. Which upcoming musicaI event tops your Iist of recommendations today?
Ray: WeII, AIIegra, l’d say it wouId have to be the hiIarious hit, “MusicaI Disturbance,”
which is here on tour from January 7th. You shouId have been there opening night!
There was actuaIIy cheering in the theater. This musicaI comedy is sure to become
a cIassic. And not onIy that, but it’s aIso making Iots of money. l’d say you must see it.
AIIegra: WeII, l don’t agree with you, Ray. lf there is onIy one show that you can see, it has
to be the dramatic opera, “The Astonished Genius,” an outstanding production,
featuring very taIented singers. lf the appIause is any sign, this wiII be the hit of the
year .
Ray: WeII, l’ve never even heard of the singers in that show, and l think if you’ve onIy got
one night out, you shouId pIay it safe.
AIIegra: WeII, there you have our choices. Remember, whenever there’s a musicaI event,
“Sound Sense” wiII be there checking it out for our Iisteners. We’II be back next
week at the same time. See you then.

Planning a Party
Do you want to have a party, but don’t know where to start? Don’t give up hope, here are
some tips to help you.
1. Decide on the reason for your party. Is it for good friends to get together? Is it for strangers
to meet each other?
2. Choose the date, time, and place of the party. Give yourself enough time to plan without
feeling stressed.
3. Make the guest list and invite guests.
4. Decide on the menu. You can make easy dishes and present them in interesting ways.
5. Shop for the food, drinks, and serving utensils you’ll need. Pretzels and popcorn are
classics.
6. Prepare the food. If there are foods you can freeze, make them first. Cut fruits and
vegetables last.
7. Make sure the party room is clean. Decorate it to express your personality. Set the table.
8. Wear clothes you feel confident in.
9. One last thing to remember - enjoy your party!
Lunch
- Wow! That Iunch was deIicious.
- Yes. it was. l’m fuII.
- WeII, l’ve got to get back to work.
- Me, too.
- l’II speak to you soon. Take it easy!
- Thanks. Take care of yourseIf.
- Bye.
- See you.
111
Conjunctions: Pairs
- My cousin Tom is in town. Do you want to meet him?
- lt depends. TeII me about him.
- Not onIy is he cute, but he’s aIso smart.
- ln that case, l’m free either Friday or Saturday night!
Conjunctions: In Short Answers

- l Iove seafood!
- l do too. But it’s so expensive.
- Don’t worry. l’m paying.
- l hope so. l’m broke.
Conjunctions: Review
- JuIie, l’m buying this dress. lt’s not onIy beautifuI, it’s aIso cheap. l reaIIy Iike it.
- l do too. But why is it so cheap?
- Hmm. Either they marked it wrong, or the materiaI isn’t very good.

Entertainment 4
the sound of the clapping of The applause went on and on

applause, n.
hands after the concert ended.
I see him around town, once in

around town, exp. in the neighborhood, in the city
a while.
to shout in approval of
There was cheering when the
cheer, v. someone or something (also a
team won.
noun)
something considered good something considered good for

classic, n. for many years, not only for a many years, not only for a short
short time (also an adjective) time.
Jacob is hilarious; I can’t stop

hilarious, adj. very funny
laughing when I’m around him.
when entertainers travel

on tour, exp. from place to place giving The band is on tour this month.
performances
the first night of a play, movie, The newspaper reporters saw

opening night, n.
or other performance the play on opening night.
outstanding That was an outstanding

an excellent performance
production, exp. production of Hamlet.
to choose a more certain Let’s play it safe and go to a

play it safe, exp.
choice restaurant we know is good.
a suggestion that says a I need a recommendation for a

recommendation, n.
particular thing is good good doctor.
Tony’s Pizza tops the list of best

top the list, exp. to be the best of its kind
restaurants in Chicago.
valuable, worth one’s time, This is a worthwhile project that

worthwhile, adj.
money, or effort can help lots of people.

Unit 7
Restaurant Reviews
Family
HeIIo, Johnny. lt’s Sophie. You reaIIy shouId have come with us Iast night. We went to that
Chinese restaurant where Carmen’s used to be. The food was fabuIous; l never knew l had
such a big appetite. lt was a buffet and we ate as much as we wanted. To start off with, l had a
bowI of corn soup, aIthough l probabIy couId have skipped it. lnstead of having just one main
dish, l tried everything. My favorites were the Chinese roast beef, shrimp with vegetabIes, and
sweet and sour chicken. Everything was deIicious. You must come with us next time.
A Seafood and Steak Surprise

Are you sure l Iook OK?” asked RaouI hesitantIy.
“You Iook fine, RaouI!” said Steve, RaouI’s roommate. “You shouId have Ieft aIready. You don’t
want to be Iate for your first date with Marcy!”
“l’m Ieaving, l’m Ieaving! See you Iater,” said RaouI.
“Hope you have a good time.”
“l hope so, too,” answered RaouI nervousIy.
They’d decided to go out for dinner. The restaurant they were going to was caIIed Sam’s
Seafood and Steak House and was one of a chain of new restaurants. AIthough neither RaouI
nor Marcy had ever been there before, they’d heard that the restaurant was having a haIf-price
student speciaI. “l hope you have an appetite tonight,” RaouI toId Marcy in the car. “l’ve heard
that this restaurant has a huge seafood buffet and an AII-You-Can-Eat Shrimp SpeciaI.”

“Sounds great!” said Marcy. “l’m starving!”
When they arrived at the restaurant, it was crowded and very noisy.
“l guess we shouId have made a reservation,” said RaouI.
After waiting aImost an hour, they finaIIy got a tabIe. UnfortunateIy, it was in the smoking
section. Not onIy that, but the tabIecIoth and siIverware didn’t Iook very cIean. FinaIIy, the
waiter came to take their order.
“l’II have the roast beef, weII done, and corn on the cob,” said Marcy.
“And l’II have the AII-You-Can-Eat Shrimp SpeciaI,” said RaouI.
“Something to drink?” asked the waiter.
“Two mineraI waters,” said RaouI.
After a very Iong wait, their dinner arrived. “The roast beef is awfuIIy rare,” said Marcy.
“And these shrimp have a strange, bitter fIavor,” compIained RaouI. “Let’s ask the waiter for our
check.”
On the way home, both RaouI and Marcy had stomachaches.
“lt must have been that roast beef,” said Marcy.
“And those awfuI shrimp!” cried RaouI. “lf we had just gone out for a pizza, we wouId have
enjoyed ourseIves so much more!”
The next day, RaouI saw a review of Sam’s Seafood and Steak House in the coIIege
newspaper. lt said, “We do not have a singIe compIiment for this terribIe restaurant! Whatever
you do, don’t go to Sam’s Seafood and Steak House!”
“Now they teII us!” cried RaouI, hoIding his stomach.
115
Recommendations
- ls the food good here?
- l beIieve so. Betsy and PauI eat here aII the time.
- ln that case, l’m certain the food is horribIe.
- What do you mean?
- Have you forgotten? Their recommendations are aIways terribIe.
- l suppose you’re right. We’d better go somewhere eIse.
More Conditionals: Mixed Time Conditionals

- l’m sorry, Mrs. Fraser. l don’t know the answer.
- WeII, if you had been Iistening earIier, John, you wouId know the answer now.
More Conditionals: Review
- lf l hadn’t spent aII that money on dinner Iast night, l wouId be abIe to buy that tablet for us
now .
-O
h! lf l had known you were trying to save money, l wouId have made a nice dinner
at home.”

Restaurants 2
Gavin always has a big appetite

appetite, n. a desire or strong wish for food
by dinnertime.
a table with different foods for Are there any good salads in the
buffet, n.
people to take buffet?
chain of similar restaurants with the This is one of a chain of

restaurants, exp. same name restaurants.
a comment that says The bride received so many

compliment, n. something nice about compliments on her wedding
someone (also a verb) dress.
to tell a restaurant that you

make a reservation, Please make a reservation for two
want to eat there at a particular
exp. at the restaurant.
time
meat that is cooked for a short Waiter, this steak is rare; please
rare, adj.
time, so that it is still red or pink cook it longer.
Please take the silverware out of

silverware, n. forks, knives, and spoons
the drawer and set the table.
to not eat one of the meals of

Tom will often skip a meal when
skip a meal, exp. the day (breakfast, lunch, or
he’s busy at work.
dinner)
I haven’t eaten all day, and I’m

starving, adj. extremely hungry
starving!
Jen put the fancy blue tablecloth

tablecloth, n. material used to cover a table
on the dining room table.
take care of the My father took care of the check,

to pay for a restaurant bill
check, exp. so I didn’t have to pay for dinner.
cooked for a long time, very Do you want your hamburger

well done, adj.
well cooked well done?

Unit 8
Meeting People
Soap Opera
Narrator: And now, for the finaI episode of “A Stranger from the Past.”
AngeI: l shouId never have come! Perhaps l shouId have tried to caII first. Maybe it’s not a
convenient time. What shouId l say? How shouId l act? Do l shake her hand? Kiss
her on the cheek? Embrace her affectionateIy? Do l . . .
Veronica: HeIIo, who are you? You Iook awfuIIy famiIiar, but . . . no, it can’t be possibIe.
AngeI: Oh, Veronica! Don’t you recognize me? lt’s me, AngeI, your Iong Iost twin sister!
We were separated when we were kids. We were onIy five years oId. Try! Try to
remember!
Veronica: Wait. Yes! Yes! lt’s aII coming back to me now! l remember how our parents died in
the accident. Then mother’s Aunt AIice and UncIe HaroId, who didn’t want to take
care of us, separated us. They sent me to Boston, and they toId me you were Iost
forever! Oh, AngeI, how couId l have trusted them?
AngeI: Veronica, l have been dreaming of this moment for so many years! Just Iooking at
you, l can teII we have so much in common. Our taste in cIothes and music, why
even our personaIities are probabIy simiIar. Who is your favorite musician? l Iike
Mick StarIight!
Veronica: l do, too! l’m crazy about him! Oh, AngeI, if onIy we hadn’t been separated, we
couId have been together aII these years!
AngeI: At Ieast now we’II have the rest of our Iives to get to know each other again.
Veronica: Oh, yes. We have so much to catch up on!
Narrator: And that was the finaI episode of “A Stranger from the Past.”

The Day I Met Mick

I’ll never forget the day l met Mick StarIight. lt began Iike a nightmare; everything went wrong.
First, my aIarm cIock didn’t ring. l must have forgotten to pIug it in. l woke up Iate, and l can’t
stand being Iate! Then l took a shower and of course, there was no hot water! l quickIy got
dressed, and ran out of the house without breakfast, stiII wanting to make it in time for cIass.
On my way to the university, l must have been driving too fast. A poIiceman signaIed to me
to stop. l was nervous, but when he came over, he smiIed. He was reaIIy cute! Then l reaIized
that l must have Iooked a mess.
Not onIy hadn’t l had time to put on any makeup, but l aIso hadn’t ironed my shirt or dried my
hair. l couId have died of embarrassment. However, l smiIed back at him, anyway.
“Was l driving too fast, officer?” l asked.
“l’m afraid so,” he answered.

l didn’t know what to do then, so l just toId him l was sorry. Luckily, he was very nice, and onIy
gave me a warning.
l soon reached the intersection where l had to turn. Looking up, l saw a beautifuI sports car
coming up behind me. As l got to the corner, the Iight turned red. l stopped, but the sports car
didn’t, and went right into me! l couIdn’t beIieve it!
How couId he have been so stupid, whoever he was?! FortunateIy, l was fine, but my car
wasn’t.
l stepped out of the car and was preparing to shout, when l saw the driver of the sports car.
lt was Mick StarIight! He feIt so bad about my car that he not onIy paid for the repairs, but he aIso
gave me tickets to his next concert! And of course, l never did make it to cIass.
119
Nice Meeting You

- l have to go. l have a meeting.
- Bye, Dan. lt was nice to have met you.
- lt was nice meeting you, too. Take it easy.
- l hope we see each other again soon.
- Me, too. By the way, l wonder if you couId take care of the check.
- Wait! Dan! Just a minute.
Past Forms of Modals: Review

- l’m worried. Jack shouId have been on that train.
- He must have taken a Iater train.
- WeII, he couId have caIIed!
- He may have Ieft a message. Let me check my phone.

Meeting People
They can’t stand classical music,

can’t stand, exp. dislike very much so they didn’t come with us to
the symphony.
to find out what has

The two friends caught up on the
catch up on, exp. happened since the last time
last few years of their lives.
you got information
If Heather makes a mistake in

die of to be extremely ashamed or
front of all those people, she’ll die
embarrassment, exp. embarrassed
of embarrassment.
You shouldn’t feel bad about

to feel guilty or upset about
feel bad, exp. breaking the vase; I never liked it
something
anyhow!
to stop believing that Even though things can get very

give up hope, exp.
something will be okay difficult, never give up hope.
like a scary or unpleasant My stay in the hospital was like a

like a nightmare, exp.
dream; a bad experience nightmare.
lost for a long time, not in I just found out that I have a
long-lost, adj.
touch for a long time long-lost relative living in France.
After spending the day cleaning

when someone or something
look a mess, exp. out the garage, I must look a
does not look neat or clean
mess!
I wonder if I’ve ever been here

to seem like a person or place
look familiar, exp. before, because this place looks
you already know
familiar.
The sisters found each other after

separation, n. not being together
a separation of twenty years.
an expression used when It was great seeing you. Take it

take it easy, exp.
saying good-bye easy.
to believe or rely on someone I trust my brother to look out for

trust, n.
(also a noun) me.

Unit 9
Ecotourism
Introduction
There's so much biodiversity in

different types of plants and
biodiversity, n. the forest! We saw at least six
animals in a certain area
different types of wildflowers!
area of land next to the ocean; line The group stood at the coastline
coastline, n. that forms the border between and watched the sea turtles return
land and an ocean or lake to the ocean.
The conservation of the forest is

activities done to protect the important, so today we will be
conservation, n.
earth, plants, and animals planting new trees to replace the
ones that have been cut down.
garbage and unwanted items that We wore gloves to remove the

debris, n.
are lying around debris from the beach.
type of place where tourists stay

The tour group is staying in an
that doesn't hurt the environment,
eco-lodge, n. eco-lodge that's located inside a
usually located in natural
rainforest.
surroundings
responsible travel that promotes

conservation of the environment I like how ecotourism combines
ecotourism, n.
and sustains the well-being of travel and helping the environment.
local people
This tree planting program is

place and environment in which
habitat, n. very important in maintaining the
certain animals live
forest habitat.

My favorite activity of the vacation

plants and animals that live in the was snorkeling in the ocean and
marine life, n.
ocean learning about different marine
life.
The tour group was trained

young plant that grows from a
seedling, n. on how to plant seedlings and
seed
remove harmful weeds.
Hawaiian Green sea turtles are a

species of turtle that can be found
species, n. class or type of animal or plant
on the black sand beaches of
Hawaii.
My sister is volunteering in
offer to do something without
communities in Africa. She's really
volunteer, v. being asked or without getting
enjoying helping them with new
something in return
building projects.
My friends and I like to go

living things like birds, animals, and
wildlife, n. hiking and observe the wildlife,
plants that live in nature
especially the birds.
The Experience of a Lifetime!

The Experience of a Lifetime!
Have you ever wanted to see the world and explore new cultures while helping the
environment and people in need? Then My Volunteer Vacation Agency is for you!
Destination: Osa Peninsula, southern Costa Rica (10 days)
• Experience fun-filled days of volunteering in the forests of southern Costa Rica!

• Help with reforestation by planting a variety of tree and plant species.
• Meet the locals, and hear their stories as they share their experiences of life in
this remarkable area.

Destination: Tanzania, Africa (14 days)
• Help maintain community and school gardens. Assist with new building projects and
work with the local children.
• Whether you read them stories, teach English, or just laugh and play with the local
children, you will surely be appreciated!
Destination: Ulithi Atoll, Micronesia (14 days)
• Do you want to become a part of the wildlife and marine ecosystem conservation
effort? Journey to Ulithi Atoll, home to one of the largest populations of nesting sea
turtles.
• Help clean the coastline and see the adorable turtles up close!
• A team of scientists and local residents will provide all the training you’ll need
(including snorkeling lessons)!
All of our volunteer vacations offer housing with host families, or at locally-run eco-lodges.
For more information visit our Web site www.myvolunteervacations.com or e-mail us

at: info@myvolunteervacations.com
The Tour Group

Tour Guide: OK, guys, listen up. Today we’ll be planting seedlings in a nearby forest. Now
we owe a lot to the world’s forests. They play an important role in the water
cycle and are an incredible source of biodiversity. This tree planting program is
very important in helping maintain the local forest habitat. So, I hope you’re well-
rested and ready to get a little muddy! Yes, Tim. First question of the day.
Tim: Yes... so I read that there’s poison ivy scattered throughout the forest… is that true?
Tour Guide: Yes Tim, that is true. But don’t worry. I’ll show you exactly what the poison ivy
plant looks like, so you’ll know what to avoid. So... Yes, Tim.
Tim: What kind of seedlings will we be planting?

Tour Guide: We’ll be planting over 30 different native species. Once we arrive at the visitors
center, I’ll explain more about how our work today will help preserve the fragile
ecosystem of the forest.
Shirley: I don’t believe it!...I forgot my camera! Is there enough time to go back to the van
and grab it... real quick?
Tour Guide: OK. But we need to get going if we want to make it to the visitors center on time.
And remember to stick together! I don’t want anyone to get separated from the
group… like what happened yesterday… David. Alright, folks… let’s plant some
seedlings!
Can I Interest You in an Ecotour?

Travel Agent: So you’re going on vacation. Can I interest you in an ecotour?
Ivan: Maybe, what kind of ecotours do you offer?
Travel Agent: We have several wonderful conservation tours in different national parks all
over the world.
Ivan: What conservation activities would I be involved in?
Travel Agent: Well you’ll have the chance to monitor local wildlife and construct new trails
within the parks.
Ivan: Sounds interesting. When’s the next tour?
Travel Agent: The travel dates are flexible, so you can start whenever you want!

Eco-vacation in Hawaii
Itinerary for Hawaii Eco-vacation

Note: Please bring sunscreen, a hat, and water on all trips!
Day 1
Everyone will arrive and meet at the airport by 1:00 p.m. We’ll then have a picnic lunch at the
Hawaii Volcanoes National Park and check into the Toucan Springs Eco-lodge. In the evening,
we’ll enjoy a communal dinner, mingle with locals, and participate in an evening activity. Here
you’ll have the chance to get to know your fellow ecotourists!
Day 2
We’ll travel in groups to the black sand beaches to remove garbage from the area. Each group
will clean a section of the beach. We may even catch a glimpse of some sea turtles! At night,
there will be a barbecue dinner on the beach (vegetarian options available).
Day 3
Today we’ll restore rainforests in the Manoa Valley and learn about the importance of the
rainforest ecosystems. We’ll receive training on how to plant seedlings and remove weeds.
Then, we’ll help restore the ecosystems throughout the Manoa Valley rainforests. Afterwards,
we’ll hike for 30 minutes until we reach Manoa Falls – a 150-foot waterfall! Return for dinner
and night activities.
Day 4
We’ll start the day watching the sunrise over the volcanoes. After breakfast, we’ll learn from
oceanographers about sustainable ocean fishing dating back to the 13th century! Then, we’ll
drive down Crater Rim Drive, walk through a fern forest and enter the Thurston Lava Tube!
Caution: The lava tube is a dimly lit cave with low ceilings so watch your step… and your
head! After dinner in a nearby café, we’ll gather to see molten lava pouring into the ocean
below.
Day 5
Get ready for some fun in the water at the Hanauma Bay Nature Reserve. Please bring:
bathing suit, sunscreen, towel, and water shoes. We’ll watch a video about conservation
and learn how to identify the marine life we may encounter while snorkeling! Bring your own

snorkeling gear, or rent it at Hanauma Bay. Those of you who have never snorkeled before
will also receive an introductory lesson. Return for the farewell dinner and luau (traditional
Hawaiian party).
From: ReginaS@email.com
To: malia@email.com
Subject: Itinerary – A few questions
Hi Malia,
Thanks for sending the itinerary again. We’re excited to be going on another eco-vacation. We
have never been to Hawaii before! I have some questions about the itinerary.
Our flight arrives at 1:30 p.m. Can the group wait for us? If not, could you please help us
arrange transportation from the airport to Hawaii Volcanoes National Park?
Also, I see that we’ll be visiting the Thurston Lava Tube. I understand that there are volcanic
fumes there, and they advise people with heart or breathing problems to avoid these areas.
Our 16-year-old son is in good physical shape but has asthma. Do you think it would be
dangerous for him? Could we arrange a different activity for our family on that day?
We’d also like to request vegetarian meals for all of us. This wasn’t a problem last year, when
we went to Thailand.
Thank you and hope to hear from you soon!
All the best,

Regina

Malia: 10:58 A.M.

Hi! Can you respond to Regina Smith’s e-mail for me? I just don’t have the time.

Mark: 11:00 A.M.
Sure. But I’m not sure how to answer some of her questions.
Malia: 11:01 A.M.

Which ones?
Mark: 11:02 P.M.

Her flight arrives 30 minutes after our bus is scheduled to depart from the airport. Will we be
able to wait for her?

Malia: 11:04 A.M.
If her flight arrives on time, we can wait. It shouldn’t be a problem. If it’s delayed, they can take
an airport taxi and meet us at the national park.
Mark: 11:05 A.M.

And she’s concerned about her son’s asthma in the Thurston Lava Tube...

Malia: 11:06 A.M.
Yes, I remember. There are no volcanic fumes in the tunnel so it shouldn’t really be a problem.
Mark: 11:07 A.M.

And if she still doesn’t want to go?
Malia: 11:09 A.M.

Unfortunately we cannot arrange a different activity for her family. The walk through the tunnel
is only about 30 minutes. Her family will have to wait if they decide not to enter.

Mark: 11:11 A.M.
And the vegetarian meal request?
Malia: 11:12 A.M.

I’ve already arranged it. It’s all set up!

Mark: 11:13 A.M.

OK great.
Malia: 11:14 A.M.

Please send her an e-mail today.
Mark: 11:16 A.M.
Not a problem, I’ll do it right now.
An Eco-hotel Seminar
Narrator: Listen to part of a seminar on eco-hotels.

Lecturer: Hi everyone, I’m Angela Birdson, and I’m a consultant for IGHA (the International
Green Hotel Association). It’s great to be here. Today, I’ll be talking about
eco-hotels. The first eco-hotels were basically cabins located within natural
areas, such as forests and jungles. Made using local building materials, these
‘eco-lodges’ had a low or even neutral impact on the environment. Today,
eco-hotels are any hotels with environmentally-friendly practices and policies.
To earn ‘eco’ or ‘green’ certification, hotels need to meet certain requirements.
There are different ways to achieve green certification. For instance, if you’re
building from scratch, or doing renovations, you can use sustainable resources
and building products. You can also install solar or wind energy systems,
and water-saving toilets, faucets, and showers. If you have an existing
hotel with no plans for renovations, you can institute a towel policy to
save water and energy. Towel policies encourage guests to request fresh towels
only when absolutely necessary. You can also institute environmentally friendly
procedures in your hotel such as using non-toxic cleaning products, providing
organic soaps and shampoos to your guests, and placing recycling bins
throughout the hotel. In one hotel, special exercise equipment in the gym
creates energy when guests use it. This then helps power the building! So, let’s
hear. What have you done to make your hotel more eco-friendly? Yes, sir?

Hotel Owner: Yes, my name’s Sam Carlton and I own a small boutique hotel. We’ve recently
added solar panels to the hotel roof. Thanks to the renewable energy that
the solar panels create, we’ve already seen a large reduction in our regular
electricity use... which means lower bills, too!
Lecturer: So by using the renewable energy of the sun, you’re also saving money. It’s a
win-win situation! In fact, ‘green’ certification can be very helpful for a hotel’s
bottom line, as some guests and businesses will only book at green certified
hotels. Now, let’s take a short break...


Unit 10
Personality Types
Introduction
I enjoy being with lots of friends

person who enjoys interacting
sometimes, but I also enjoy
ambivert, n. with lots of people but also
spending time by myself, so I'd
sometimes enjoys time alone
say I'm an ambivert.
not interested in being around People say I'm antisocial because

antisocial, adj.
other people I don't like meeting new people.
someone who is the main Julie is always telling funny

center of attention, n. point of focus or interest in a stories to everyone. She loves
conversation or at an event being the center of attention.
You enjoy going to parties

make someone feel full of
energize, v. because being around lots of
energy
people energizes you.
person who likes talking to Adam loves talking to everyone,

extrovert, n. and being with other people; even people he doesn't know!
person who is outgoing He's such an extrovert!
person who prefers being I’d say Jenny is an introvert. She

alone or with a few close often chooses to stay home and
introvert, n.
friends rather than in a large, read rather than go out with a big
social group group of friends.
My brother is so outgoing, he's

outgoing, adj. very friendly and sociable always making new friends and
meeting new people.

psychological category that a I prefer hanging out with people

person belongs to based on who have a similar personality
personality type, n.
several consistent qualities type to me because we
that person has understand each other easily.
not feeling comfortable

I'm a little shy with people I don't
shy, adj. talking to or meeting new
know well.
people
He enjoys constant social

talking and spending time
social interaction, n. interaction, so he always tries to
with other people
be around people.
start talking with someone,

Lucy is very friendly and often
strike up a often refers to talking to a
strikes up conversations with
conversation, exp. stranger or someone you
people in the grocery store.
don't know well
It's hard for me to concentrate

talkative, adj. always talking with people sometimes because my
roommate is so talkative!


Have you ever wondered about your personality type? Do you think you’re an introvert or
more of an extrovert? Perhaps you’re a bit of both! Read the following descriptions and see
which one sounds more like you!
Extrovert
An active social life stimulates you. It can seem that extroverts have all the fun! You enjoy
constant social interaction, whether at a large party or striking up a conversation with
someone in the grocery store. According to researchers, spending too much time alone can
make extroverts feel bored and anxious. You seek social interaction in order to recharge.
Introvert
You enjoy socializing with small groups of close friends or one-on-one. You carefully think
through your plans and actions. Exceptionally noisy and crowded environments overwhelm
you. Many people think introverts are antisocial but in fact, spending quiet time alone with your
thoughts or engaging in activities you enjoy energizes you.
Ambivert
As an ambivert, you are more of a mix. You enjoy social events and don’t mind large crowds
every so often, but you’re OK spending time on your own as well. Studies show you’re in
good company. Studies also show that the majority of people fall somewhere in this middle
category.
The Party
Dalia: Gabrielle! What are you doing? Why are you not ready for the party?
Gabrielle: Yeah, urm, Dalia… about this party… You go without me. I’m just not in the mood.
Dalia: You always say that. Stop being so antisocial! It’ll be fun! There’ll be music,
dancing… Come on!
Gabrielle: I’m not antisocial, Dalia. I don’t always need to be around a bunch of people to
enjoy myself.
Dalia: Gabby, please come with me. It’ll be great — it’s a chance to meet new people.

Gabrielle: I’m not like you, Dalia. I’m shy — I don’t like meeting new people. I’d prefer to just
stay home and finish my novel…
Dalia: Come on. Please. Don’t make me go alone.
Gabrielle: Oh, alright! I’ll go... this time. But I’m telling you, I won’t enjoy it.
Dalia: It’ll be great... you’ll see.
Gabrielle: Hey, maybe you’re right. This might be my kind of party after all!
I’m an Extrovert!
Rita: Hey, I just took this online quiz and it says I’m an extrovert!
Felix: Really? I’d say I’m more of an introvert myself.
Rita: Oh yeah? What makes you say that?
Felix: I prefer being alone to being around lots of people.
Rita: What do you do when you’re alone?
Felix: Loads of things! I read, go for walks, listen to music.
Rita: That’s interesting. I think I’d get bored quickly though.
Participating in a Psychology Study

From: Cynthia Nelson
To: Damian Raz
Subject: Great experience!
Hey Damian!
I just took part in a psychology study. It was a great experience! You should apply to become a
participant, too!
The study focused on how men and women with different personality types interact with each
another. I applied online to participate in the study. I filled out a survey with a lot of questions
about my personality. The questions reminded me of that personality quiz we took at the
beginning of the semester.

A few days later, I met with all of the participants. We had to do activities that required us to
work together to solve problems. It got very intense. As you know, I’m very outgoing and
usually take the lead with group projects. But this other guy in our group was also confident
and extroverted. I thought it was going to be a problem, but in the end, we became friends!
We have a second meeting scheduled for tomorrow, but this time the group will be women
only. I guess the researchers want to see how different the group dynamic will be.
I’m definitely going to participate in more psychology studies this semester. Oh, and we also
got paid for our time (which is always nice for us students!).
Do you think you’ll be interested in participating? I really think you should!
Talk later,
Cynthia
www.Clarkviewuniversity.edu/psychology
Study Participant Application Form
Thank you for your interest in the University of Clarkview’s psychology research program!
Please complete the survey below. Once we have determined your eligibility, we will contact
you for any relevant studies. After you’ve received e-mail confirmation of your eligibility to
become a study participant, you may log into the psychology department’s Web site to view
available studies.
First name: Damian

Last name: Raz
Age: 26
Gender: Male
Create a user ID: DamRaz
E-mail address: DamRaz@email.com
Phone number: 917-676-5155

How did you hear about our research program?

A friend of mine, who participated in one of your studies, told me about it. She said it was a
great experience and that she was even able to get paid for her time.
Please tell us why you are interested in participating in our research program and which type
of studies interest you.
I am a psychology major and am very interested in being part of the exciting research
being done in your program. I’m particularly interested in personality research, and brain
development in adolescents.
Which study format are you interested in participating in?

Online
In person
Both
From: Julian Brenner

To: Damian Raz
Subject: Study eligibility
Dear Damian,
Congratulations! You are eligible for an upcoming study! Please view the study description. If
you’re interested in participating, please contact us within seven days in order to give us time to
gather more information and conduct a brief phone interview.
Dynamics of Social Interactions between Genders Study

This study aims to analyze the interaction between men and women with different personality
types. The study involves completing an online survey about your personality and participating
in problem solving activities that require social interaction.
Compensation: $25
Session 1 (Men and Women): November 16 – 9:30 A.M. to 10:30 A.M. in the Turner Hall
psychology lab

Session 2 (Men only): November 17 – 5:00 P.M. to 5:30 P.M. in the Turner Hall psychology lab
Session 3 (Women only): November 17 – 6:00 P.M. to 6:30 P.M. in the Turner Hall psychology
lab
For more information, or if you have any questions, please contact Lauren Chen at 971-388-
0001 or send an e-mail to laurenc@uclarkviewu.edu.
Thank you for your interest in participating in our research program.
Sincerely,
Julian Brenner
Psychology Department
The University of Clarkview
An Interview With a Career Advisor

Narrator: Listen to part of a podcast.
Nina Russo: The Right Career Choice for Your Personality. Thanks for joining us. Our guest
today is career advisor Bob Gilmor. Bob, can you tell us a little about how you
help people?
Bob Gilmor: Well Nina, I work with my clients to figure out who “they” really are. I help my
clients measure their strengths and abilities using a system called the Holland
personality type. According to this system, there are six categories: Realistic,
Investigative, Artistic, Social, Enterprising, and Conventional. Once I zero in on a
client’s personality type, we begin to explore the potential career options best
suited to that category.
Nina Russo: Well, I think that makes a lot of sense, Bob. But there are so many jobs out
there, and so many personalities! Can you give us some examples of which jobs
match best with the personality types you mentioned?
Bob Gilmor: Sure, Nina. I just helped a client who fit into the Investigative category, which
means she likes scientific work that involves problem solving. Research shows
that many of the career options that suit this personality type involve computer
science, health sciences, mathematics, engineering, and so on. My client

decided to pursue a career as a software developer. She thinks this type of work
will satisfy her interest in problem solving. Artistic types, as you would expect,
are creative people. They make good writers, actors, composers, and graphic
designers. Another obvious one is the Social category. These people are friendly
and enjoy helping others; so a career in teaching, counseling, or nursing would
be a good fit. Psychologists have found that conventional people like structure
and working with numbers and records. Financial analysts, information clerks,
and receptionists are good jobs for this type. As you can see, within each
category, there is a wide range of options.
Nina Russo: Yes, there certainly is! And what would be some examples of careers suited to
the Enterprising or Realistic categories?
Bob Gilmor: Good question. People in the Enterprising category are usually leaders.
Studies show they are ambitious and are good at persuading. These people
usually do well as lawyers, travel agents, and salespeople. My Realistic clients
enjoy practical and mechanical work. They choose careers in safety and law
enforcement, transportation, and construction. These are our firefighters, pilots,
and carpenters, to name a few. But it’s not always so easy to pinpoint the right
career. I usually have several sessions with each client before we can really
identify career options.
Nina Russo: Wow! Your services certainly sound helpful and necessary for anyone just
starting out or those who are considering a career switch. I wonder if I’m in the
right career for my personality type. Thanks for speaking with us today, Bob.
Bob Gilmor: In my opinion, if you’re happy in your job, then you don’t need me, Nina! If
anything changes, give me a call! Or visit my Web site, www.careersonality.com.
Thanks for having me!

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The English Discoveries Team

Nick and Emily

a. Nick asks Emily out on a date.

b. Nick tells Emily he’s interested in a girl.

c. Emily agrees to go out with Nick.

d. Emily notices that Nick is daydreaming.

f. Emily asks about the girl.

g. Nick tells Emily who the girl is.

h. Another student tells them to be quiet.

Copyright © 1990-2019 Edusoft Ltd. All rights reserved 7

think about • worried • interested • hanging out • ask her out

1. “Nick? What are you __________________________ at?”

8 Copyright © 1990-2019 Edusoft Ltd. All rights reserved

e. Be prepared to tell Julie and Tom’s story in class.

Copyright © 1990-2019 Edusoft Ltd. All rights reserved 9

e. Write Celia’s answer to Judy.

10 Copyright © 1990-2019 Edusoft Ltd. All rights reserved

1. talk about a decision: _______________________________________________

2. express an opinion: _______________________________________________

1. l reaIIy feeI you may be making a terribIe mistake.

2. As long as you both feel the same way.

3. l think you're doing the right thing.

4. Jenny and l are getting married. We've set a date.

5. l'm so sorry to hear that.

6. l'm going to move away from home.

8. That's not a very wise decision.

9. We've both decided it wouId be best if we get divorced.

Copyright © 1990-2019 Edusoft Ltd. All rights reserved 11

• lt was a joint decision.

Alison: Hi, Tony, l’m so sorry to hear about the divorce.

12 Copyright © 1990-2019 Edusoft Ltd. All rights reserved

Past Form of Modals: Should / Could Have

You couId have Iaughed.

You couId have hugged and kissed her.

You shouId have been enthusiastic.

Copyright © 1990-2019 Edusoft Ltd. All rights reserved 13

b. Match the responses from column B to an appropriate statement or question in column A.

a. You shouId have reaIized they

4. You shouId have toId me you

c. Complete these sentences using should have or could have.

1. Yesterday, l shouted at my girIfriend. l ________________________________________

14 Copyright © 1990-2019 Edusoft Ltd. All rights reserved

1. What is the name of the TV show? __________________________________________

b. Match the host’s questions to Tina’s answers.

b. Unfortunately, several of our team

3. So can we expect a Smithtown victory c. It was a terrible blow to the team’s

Copyright © 1990-2019 Edusoft Ltd. All rights reserved 15

1. Tina Lawrence is the coach of a girIs basketbaII team. /

2. She had been an OIympic champion. /

3. Her team did not make it to the finaIs. /

6. The girIs wiII regain their confidence by weightIifting. /

bIow • buiId up • concentrate • exhausted • expected • finaIs • handIe • strength

your physicaI (7) ____________________________. With Iots of practice you’II soon be in

16 Copyright © 1990-2019 Edusoft Ltd. All rights reserved

2. in no condition ____ b. the finaIs

3. get back into ____ c. the fIu

4. make it to ____ d. their strength

5. handIe ____ e. to compete

1. “Nick? What are you __________________________ at?”

b. Complete the poster advertising the health club.

You should ___ You shouldn’t _

lf the heaIth cIub _ earIy Iast night, Susan _________.

lf Tom _ his tennis racket to work, he _

1. “We tried to Iisten to their demands but they are

2. Who did Chuck Roste bIame for the difficuIt situation?

3. Who did the workers bIame?

c. Complete the following sentences.