Estimation of Copper in Brass

Estimation of copper in Brass
Aim: To estimate the amount of copper in brass or a given Cu

containing substance, being provided with approximately 0.01 N
sodium thiosulphate solution and AR potassium dichromate crystals.
Principle
A standard solution of potassium dichromate solution is prepared
first, then using this standard solution the given sodium thiosulphate
solution is standardized. It is done by adding excess potassium iodide
solution to acidified dichromate solution.
Standardization of Sodium thiosulphate solution:
From the standard reduction potential data,
Cr2O7 2- + 14H+ + 6e- 2Cr3+ + 7H2O; Eo = +1.33 V …... (1)
I2 + 2e- 2I-; Eo = +0.54 V (2)
Since the reduction potential of dichromate is higher than that of
Iodine, it is capable of oxidizing iodide ions (I-) from potassium iodide
to iodine (I2). The liberated iodine is then titrate against sodium
thiosulphate solution using starch as indicator.
S4O62- + 2e- 2S2O32- ; Eo = +0.90 V
From reduction potential data, it is seen that the liberated iodine is
capable of oxidising thiosulphate ions to tetrathionate ions (S4O62-).
In the estimation of copper, potassium iodide solution is added to
neutral copper solution which is also capable of liberating iodine.
2CuSO4 + 4KI 2CuI + K2SO4 + I2
Here also the liberated iodine is then titrated against sodium
thiosulphate solution, using starch as an indicator. The indicator starch
gives an intense blue color on adsorbing Iodine.
Procedure
Preparation of Standard Potassium dichromate solution
About 0.62 g (0.05 N) potassium dichromate crystals are accurately
weighed and transferred to a 250 ml flask and made up to the mark.
Standardization of Sodium thiosulphate solution:
20 ml of standard potassium dichromate (0.05 N) is pipetted into a
conical flask, add about 5ml of 5% KI solution and 3 ml of conc. HCl
and titrated against sodium thiosulphate solution (0.05 N, 1.24 g/
100ml) taken in the burette, using starch as indicator. When the solution
becomes pale yellow, add about 2 ml of freshly prepared starch
solution, then the solution becomes deep blue in color. The titration is
continued by adding sodium thiosulphate solution drop by drop till the
color changes from blue to green.
Estimation of copper
Dissolve the given substance containing copper in water taken in a
100 ml standard measuring flask and make up to the mark. Shake the
made up solution to homogenize well.
Pipette out 20 ml of the above made up solution into a 250 ml conical
flask. It is then neutralized by adding NH4OH solution drop by drop till
the blue turbidity persists. Dissolve this turbidity by adding minimum
amount of dil acetic acid drop wise. To this neutral Cu2+ solution add
about 5 ml of 5% KI solution and stir well. It is then titrated against
standardized sodium thiosulphate solution taken in the burette. When
the solution becomes pale yellow, add about 2 ml of freshly prepared
starch solution, and then the solution becomes blue in color. The
titration is continued by adding sodium thiosulphate solution drop by
drop till the color changes from blue to white. Repeat the titration for
concordant titre values.
Result:
The Mass percent of copper in given substance=
Observations and Calculations
Weight of potassium dichromate crystals (w) = ……….. g
Normality of potassium dichromate solution (N1) = w/ (49.04 × 0.25)
Standardization of sodium thiosulphate solution:
Standard K2Cr2O7 Vs sodium thiosulphate Indicator: Starch
Sl. No. Volume of K2Cr2O7 Burette reading Vol. of
solution (ml) Initial Final Thiosulphate
solution
(V2 ml)
Volume of std. K2Cr2O7 solution (V1) = 20 ml

Volume of sodium thiosulpahte solution (V2) = ......... ml
At the end point,
No of equivalents of dichromate = No f equivalents of thiosulphate, ie, V1N1
= V2N2
 Normality of sodium thiosulphate solution (N2) = V1N1/V2
= 20 × N1/ V2
= (X)
Estimation of Brass
Brass solution Vs Sodium thiosulphate solution Indicator: Starch
Sl. No Vol. of solution of Burette reading Vol. of Thiosulphate
the substance (ml) solution (V3 ml)
Initial Final
Volume of Thiosulphate solution (V3) = ...............ml

Normality of sodium thiosulphate solution (N2) = X
Volume of Brass solution (V4) = 20 ml
At the end point, No. of eq. of dichromate = No. of eq. of thiosulphate
ie, V3N2 = V4N4
Normality of the made up solution of the ore/given substance (N4) = V3N2/V4 =
Y
Weight of copper in the made up solution =(Y) × Eq. wt. of copper ×100/1000 =
Y × 63.54 /10 = (Z)
Weight percent of copper in the given substance = Z×100/w,
Where, w = weight of the ore/given substance.

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Estimation of Copper in Brass

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Estimation of copper in Brass

Aim: To estimate the amount of copper in brass or a given Cu

Volume of std. K2Cr2O7 solution (V1) = 20 ml

Volume of Thiosulphate solution (V3) = ...............ml

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