Objective Questions

Multiple Choice Questions 7. The potential of an electric dipole

varies with distance r as
of electrical potential is
1. Unit 1
a) J/C (b) J-C (d)
(c) V-m (d) J/C-m

2. A charge is placed at the origin. The 8. The potential in the equatorial plane of
a dipole having dipole moment pis
electric potential due to this charge at a
given point in space
is V. The work (a) infinite (b) zero
done by an external force in bringing c) maximum (d) equal to p

another charge q from infinity upto the 9. Two equal and opposite charges
point is distance x
(+g and-g) are situated at a
(a) Viq (b) Vg from each other. The value of potential
(c) V+g (d) V at very far point will depend upon
b) only on x
a) only on
3.If 100 J of work has to be done in
moving an electric charge of 4 C from a (c) onq x (d) on X
10 Vto
place, where potential is
-

another place where potential is Vvolt, 10. In a region of constant potential,

find the value of V. (NCERT Exemplar)
a) 5V (b) 10 V (a) the electric field is uniform
(c) 25V (d) 15 V (b) the electric field is zero
(c) there can be no charge inside the region
4. The electric potential due to point shall necessarily change, if
(d) the electric field
charge 3nC at distance of 9 cm is a charge is placed outside the region
(a) 270 V (b)3V
c)300 V (d) 30 V
11. A positively charged particle is released
from rest in an uniform electric field.
The electric potential energy of the
5. A metallic hollow spherical surface of
radius 5 cm is charged such that the charge (NCERT Exemplar)
on its surface is 10 V.
The (a) remains a constant because the electric
potential
at the centre is field is uniform
potential 6) increases because the charge moves along
(a) zero
the electric field
(b) 10 V (c) decreases because the charge moves along
the
c) same as at a point 5 cm away from the electric field
surface
(d) decreases because the charge moves
(d) same as at a point 25 cm away from the opposite to the electric field
surface
12. 4,B and C are three points in a uniform
6.The potential of a large liquid drop
electric field, the electric potential is
when eight liquid drops are combined
is 20 V , then the potential of each A
single drop was B E

(a) 10V (b) 7.5 V C

c) 5V (d) 2.5V
30
CBSE New Pattern »
Physics 12th (Terma

(a) maximum at A
(b) maximum at B 18. If a conductor has a potential V * 0 and
(c) maximum at C there are no charges anywhere else
(d) same at al the three points outside, then
A, BandC (a) there must be charges on the surface or
13. Equipotential surfaces at a inside itself
great
distance from a collection of (b) there cannot be any charge in the body of
charges
whose total sum is not zero are the conductor
(c) there must be charges only on the surface
approximately (NCERT EXemplar) (d) there must be charges inside the surface
(a) spheres (b) planes
(c) paraboloids (d) ellipsoids 19. The graph shows the variation of
voltage Vacross the plates of two
14. The electrostatic
potential energy
between proton and electron separated
capacítors A and B versus increase of
charge Qstored in them. Which of the
by a distance of 1 Åis capacitors has higher capacitance?
(a) 13.6 eV (b) 27.2 eV
c) -14.4 eV (d) 1.44 eV
B
15. The electric potential of earth is taken Ve
to be zero, because earth is a good
(a) insulator (b) conductor VA
c) semiconductor (d) dielectric

16. Suppose a system of two charges as

shown below placed in an external (a) Capacitor A
electric field (b) Capacitor B
(c) Both have same capacitance
E-
where A =9 x 105 C/mn2 (d) None of the above

What would be the electrostatic energy 20. Two plates of capacitors are at
of the configuration? potentials-10 V and+30 V. If the
separation between the plates be 2m,
the electric field between them is
(a) 20 V/m (b) 10 V/m
927 uC) 91-24C) (c) 50 V/m (d) 30 V/m
(-9 cm, 0, 0) 9 cm, 0, 0) 21. The electric potential difference
12-
between two parallel plates is 2000 V. IF
(a) 49 J (b) 49.3 J the plates are separated by 2 mm, then
(c) -49.3J (d) 45 J what is the magnitude of electrostatic
17. An electric field of 1000 V/m is
force on a
charge of 4 x10*° C located
applied mid-way between the plates?
to an electric dipole at angle of 450
The value of electric dipole moment is (a) 4N (b) 6N
10 C-m. What is the potential (c) 8N d)15 x10 N
energy of the electric dipole? c o h bi
22. A parallel plate
capacitor has circular
(a) -9x10-20 J (b) -10x10-29 J plates of radius 8 cm and plate
(c)-20x10-8J (d)-7x10-5 J separation l mm.
CBSE
1o Pattern» Physics 12th (Term-
New 31

on theplates, if potential
The chargeof 100
dilference V applied is la) (b)a3C

10c (d) 5C
(al178x (c)
4
10-5c
(b) 178x
(c) 4.3x10" C 21. Three capacitors 3F, 6uF
and 6juF are
cC connected in series to a source of
(d) 2 x 10
120 V. The potential difference (in volt)
air capacitor is charged with an
23. An across the3uF capacitor will be
amount of charge g and dipped into an
(a) 40 (b) 30
oil tank. lf the oil is pumped out, the
(c) 40 (d) 60
electric field between the plates of A and B is
capacitor will 28. Capacitance between points
(a) increase 2uF 2uF
b) decrease

the same
(c) remain A* 3uF
(d) becomes zero

24. A parallel plate

air capacitor has a

capacitance jur. If the distance

18 a) 4uF (b)F
between the plates is tripled and a
dielectric medium is introduced, the (cluF (d)HF
capacitance 72 uF. The
becomes
dielectric constant of the medium is 29. In the figure shown, the effective
A and
(b) 9 capacitance between the points
(a)4 B, if each has capacitance C, is
(c) 12 (d) 2

25. A parallel plate capacitor is made of

two dielectric blocks in series. Effective
dielectric constant K is
(NCERT Exemplar)

(a) 2C (b)
C
(c) 5C (6)
2
(a) Kgd +Kadh
d+d K+Ka 30. A parallel plate capacitor is made by
(c)7KK,ld,+d) 2KK2 stacking n equally spaced plates
Kph+Kgd) d K+ connected alternately. If the

26. Three capacito: s each of capacitance

capacitance between any two plates is
C, then the resultant capacitance is
and of breakdc wn voltage V are joined
(a) C (b) nC
in series. The capacitance of the
(c) n-1)C (d) (n +1)C
combination will be
 CBSE New Pattern~ Physics 12th (Term
32 m-1)

(a) 25 x10B (b) 15x104j

31. In the circuit shown in figure below, the (d) 75 x10-"J
(c) 35 x10J
potential difference across the 4.5 F
capacitor is 36. The energy required to charge a

3 uF parallel plate condenser of plate

4.5 uF separation d and plate area of
cross-section A such that the uniform
electric field between the plates E is
6 uF
(b)SpE
2 Ad Ad
12V (o)
(c) eE Ad 3 Ad

(a) (b) 4V 37. The potential energy of a charged

(d) 8V
parallel plate capacitor is Ug. If a slab
(c) 6V
of dielectric constant Kis inserted
32. Across each of two capacitors of between the plates, then new potential
capacitance 1uF and a potential energy will be
difference of 10 V is applied. Then,
a- b) Uk2
positive plate of one is connected to the
negative plate of the other and negative
(d)
plate of one is connected to the positive
plate of the other. After contact, charge
an each plate will be 38. Two condensers G, and C in a circuit
(a) zero are joined as shown in figure. The
(b) same but non-zero potential of point A is V, and that of Bis
(c) different but non-zero V2. The potential of point D will be
(d) None of the above
B
33. Work done in placing a charge of
8x 108 C on a condenser of C C2
capacity
100 LFis
a) 16x10S?J (6) 31x1028
alM+4) (b) + C
C+C2
(c) 4 x10-0 J (d) 32 x10J (c) +Ck (d) -CM
34. A 5.0uF capacitor is charged to a C+C2 C+Ca
39. Two identical
potential difference of 800 V and capacitors, have the same
discharged through a conductor. The capacitance C. One of them is charged
energy given to the conductor during to potential V, and the other to
the discharge is
V.
Likely charged plates are then
(a) 16x10 JJ (b) 3.2 J connected. Then the decrease in energY
(c) 1.6J (d) 4.2 J of the combined
system is
35. If the charge on each plate of a (a) CV-)
capacitor of 60 uF is 3 x10°C, then
(b)-cv +V)
energy stored in the capacitor will be (c)o-4? (a)c+4
 New Pattern Physics 12th (Term-1) 33
CBSE

Two identical capacitors each of 46. A dielectric induces.... in an external

acitance 5 uF are charged to the net
electric field which decreases
otentials 2kV and 1 kV, respectively
pote electric field.
and eir negative ends are connected (b) dipole moment
(a) current
gether. Whe the positive ends are (c) magnetic field (d) polarisation
also connected together, the loss of
the system is 47. Choose the incorrect statement.
energy of
(a) 160 J (6) zero Equipotential surfaces
electric fields
(c) 5J (d) 1.25J (a) in regions of large
are closer
lower electric
compared to regions of
41. A capacitor is charged by a battery, the fields.
near sharp edges of a
battery is removed and another (b) will be more crowded
identical uncharged capacitor is conductor.
connected in parallel. The total (c) will be more crowded near regions of large
charge densities.
electrostatic energy of resulting system
(a) incréases by a factor of 4 (d) will always be equally spaced.
on the
(b) decreases by a factor of 2 48. The electrostatic potential
(c) remains the same
surface of a charged conducting sphere
factor of 2 made in
(d) increases by a is 100V. Two statements are
this regard
42. The physical quantity having SI unit
S at any point
inside the sphere,
NC m is... electric intensity is zero.
(a) electric potential inside the sphere, the
(b) electric dipole
at any point
Selectrostatic potential is 100V.
(c) electric field
correct
(d) magnetic field
Which of the following is a
statement?
43. A proton released from rest in an (a) S is true but S, is false
electric field, moving towards
will start (b) Both S, and S are false
a region o f . . potential in the field, (c) S,is true, S, is also true and S, is the cause
of S2
a) increasing
(b) decreasing
(d) S is true, S, is also true but the statements
are independent
c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) constant 49. Match the Column I (potential) with
44. Equipotential surface due to a point
Column II (value) for electric potential
at different points P, P2, Pg and P as
charge is ... shown in the figure with respect to an
(a) parallel plane electric dipole.
(b) cylindrical
c) spherical V4 Pa
(d) perpendicular plane Va, Pa
45. Electrostatic potential energy isstored.
when a dipole is placed in the electric
V2 A 90 45 B
-

field. The energy is maximum at P2 + P

Each points Pi, P2, Pz and P are equal
a) 180 (b) 0 distancer from mid-point 0 of dipole.
(c) 360 (d) 90°
 CBSE New Pattern Phystes 12th
2th (Clem
34

A capacitor G, ol capacitance C is
Column I Column II
charged to a potential difference V,
A. P The terminals of the charged capaci

B.
are then connected to an
of capacitance C/2
uncharged
42te capacitor Gy
Column I Column II
C.
Final energy of
4Te2 A.
capacitor C
P -(/6) CV
D. V
4 TE
B. Final energy of
(1/6)(1/6) Cv
capacitor C
C. Final energy of .(1/3) CV
Codes
the system
A BC D
(a) r D. Change in S.
(2/9) CV
energy On
(b) p S
joining the
(c)s
(d) s capacitors

50. A parallel plate capacitor is charged by

t. (1/9) C
a battery which is then disconnected. A
Codes
dielectric slab is then inserted to fill the
A B C D A BC D
space between the plates. Match the (a) p t (b) s t rp
changes that could occur with c)ts r P (d) p S
Column II.
Column I Column II Assertion/ Reasoning MCOs
A. Charge on the p. Decrease by a For question numbers 52 to 66, two
capacitor factor of K statements are given-one labelled
plates Assertion (A) and the other labelled
B. Intensity of q. Increase by a Reason (R). Select the correct answer to
electric field factor of K
these questions codes (a), (6),
C. Energy stored r. Remains
from the
and (d) are as given below
same
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the
D. Capacitance S. None correct explanation of A.
b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
Codes correct explanation of A.
A BC D
(c) A is true but R is false.
(a)rP S
(d) A is false and R is also false.
(b)r p P
(c) r 52. Assertion Due to two point charges,
(d) P s electrical field and electric potentia
cannot be zero at same point
51. Match the Column I (energy of
capacitor) with Column II (value) and simultaneously.
select the correct answer from the codes Reason Field is a vector quantity and
given below. potential a scalar quantity.
 BSENew Patte ~ Ptysics 12th (Term-1)
CBS

35
53. Assertion An electron moves from a Reason Potential depends only on
region of ower potential to a
region of charge and volume of conductor.
higher potential.
60. Assertion In the absence of an
Reason An electron has a negative external electric field, the dipole
charge. moment per unit volume of a polar
A Assertion Five charges +q each are dielectric is zero.
placed at five vertices of a regular Reason The dipoles of a polar
pentagon. A sixth charge -Q is placed at dielectric are randomly oriented.
the centre of pentagon, then net
61. Assertion Polar molecules do
not
electrostatic force on -Qis zero. have permanent dipole moment.
Reason Net electrostatic potential at the Reason In polar molecules, the
centre is zero. centre of positive and negatíve
when there is
55, Assertion Electric field is always normal charges coincides e v e n
no external field.
to equipotential surtaces and along the
62. Assertion A capacitor can be given
direction of decreasing order of potential.
Reason Negative gradient of electric only a limited quantity of charge.
Reason Charge stored by a capacitor
potential is electric field. and size of the
dependson the shape
56. Assertion No work is done in moving a
plates capacitor and the
of
charge along equatorial line. surrounding medium.
Reason The electric potential is 63. Assertion Capacity of a parallel plate
everywhere zero on the equatorial line of capacitor increases when distance
a dipole. between the plates is increased.
57. Assertion The expression of potential Reason Capacitance of a capacitor is
directly proportional to distance
energy U= I192 is unaltered between them.
4Tte 2
whatever way the charges are brought to 64. Assertion If the distance between
the specified locations. parallel plates of a capacitor is halved
and dielectric constant is made three
Reason Path-independence of work for
times, then the capacitance becomes
electrostatic force.
6 times.
58. Assertion When two positive point
other,
Reason Capacity of the capacitor
Charges move away from each depends upon the nature of the
then their electrostatic potential energy material between the plates.
decreases.
65. Assertion A charged capacitor is
Reason Change potential energy
in
disconnected from a battery. Now, if
between two points equal to the work
is
its plate are separated, further the
done by electrostatic forces.
potential energy will fall.
59. Assertion Conductor having equal Reason Energy stored in a capacitor
must also
positive charge and volume, is not equal to the work done in
have same potential. charging it.
36 CBSE New Pattern Plysics 12th (Terma

66. Assertion When a capacitor is 69. Three equipotential surface are shown
charged by a battery, half of the energy in the figure below
supplied by the battery is stored in the 10V 8V 6V
capacitor and rest half is lost.
Reason If resistance in the circuit is
zero, then there will be no loss of energy. acm
Case Based MCOs
Which of the following option correctly
Direction Answer the questions from represents the corresponding field
67-71 on the following case.
lines?
Equipotential Surface 10V 8V
In physics, the region in space where every
point in it is at the same potential, is called
(a)
equipotential or isopotential. An equipotential
region of a scalar potential in
three-dimensional space is often an
equipotential surface, but it can also be a 8V 6V
10V
three-dimensional region in space. The
gradient of the scalar potential is everywhere (b)
perpendicular to the equipotential surface,
and zero inside a three-dimensional
equipotential region. In case of electrical
conductors, if a andb are any two points 10V 8V 6V
within or at the surface of a given conductor,
and given there is no flow of charge
being (c)
exchanged between the two points, then the
potential difference is zero between the two
points. Thus, an equipotential would contain
both points a and b as they have the same
potential. (d) None of the above

67. For a uniform electric field E, along the 70.

X-axis, the equipotential surfaces are
Figuré shows some equipotential lines
distributed in space. A charged object is
plane moved from
(a) perpendicular to Z-axis
point A to point B.
(b) parallel to the yz-plane (NCERT Exemplar)
20V 40V 30V
(c) perpendicular to yz-plane
(d) perpendicular to Y-axis
68. Equipotentials at a least distance froma
collection of charges whose total sum is
not zero are
approximately 10V 20V 30V 40V 50V 10V
(a) spheres (b) planes 30V 50V 10V 20V 40V 50
(c) paraboloids (d) ellipsoids Gii)
 o r New Pattern » Physics 12th (Term-1D
CBSENewPattery
37

done ini Fig.(i) is the greatest

Thework 73. A positively charged particle is released
The work done in Fig. (ii) is ieast
(b) uniform electric field.
(c) The work done is the same in Fig. (i), Fig.(ii) from rest in an
of the
and Fig. (ii) The electric potential energy
The work done in Fig. (ii) is greater than charge because the electric
Fig.(i) a) remains a constant
field is uniform
The figure given below shows various (6) increases because the charge
moves along
71. equipotential
71.
surfaces. the electric field
moves along
R-30 V decreases because the charge
(C)
--~--*** 25 V the electric field
-20 V
decreases because the charge moves
-15V (d field
-10V opposite to the electric
*~~--**
- - - -

vertex
74. Three charges placed at the
are

of an equilateral triangle
of side l as
value of Q,
shown in figure. For what
of the
the electrostatic potential energy
What is the direction of electric field E system is zero?
and R? +Q
atP
(a) At P.E is to the left and at R,E is upward.
(b) At P.Eis to the right and at R, Eis
downward.

(c) At P.E is to downward and at R,E is to the +q4

left.
(d) At P.E is to upward and at R,E is to the right. (a)- (b) q/2
(c)-2 (d)-q/2
Direction Answer the questions from distance d
75. In the figure, proton moves a
72-76 on the following case. in a uniform electric field E as shown in
Electrostatic Potential Energy the figure.
Electrostatic potential energy of a system of The work done on the proton by
point charges is defined as the total amount of electric field is
work done in bringing the different charges to E
their respective positions from infinitely large
mubual separations.
By definition, work done in carrying charge
from to any point is
W= Potential x Charge (a) negative
This work is stored in the system of two point (b) positive
(c) zero
charges in the form of electrostatic potential (d) None of the above
energy Uof the system.
76. Two similar positive point charges each
12. Work done in moving a charge from
of 1 uC have been kept in air at Im
one point to other inside a uniformly
distance from each other. What will be
charged conducting sphere is the potential energy?
(a) always zero (b) non-zero
(a) 1J (b) 1eV (c) 9x10J (d) zero
c) may be zero (d) None of these
 CBSE New Pattern ~Physics 12th (Ter.
38
variation of
Direction Answer the questions from 79. The graph shows the
of two
77-81 on the following case. capacitances the plates
increase of
capacitors A and B veTsus
Capacitor stored in them. Which of the
charge Q,
A device that stores electrical energy in an capacitors has higher potential?
electric field is knowm as to be capacitor. It is
a passive electronic component with two
ct
terminals. It basically consists of two B
conductors separated by a non-conductive Ce

region. This non-conductive region can

either be a vacuum or an electrical insulator
material known as a dielectric from
Coulomb's law a charge on one conductor
will exert a force on the charge carriers within
(a) Capacitor A
the other conductor, attracting opposite
(b) Capacitor B
polarity charge and repelling like polarity
(c) Both have same capacitance
charges, thus an opposite polarity charge will (d) None of the above
be induced on the surface of the other
conducto. The conductors thus hold equal 80. A parallel plate capacitor with plates of
and opposite charges on their facing surfaces, area 1 m' each, are at a separation of
and the dielectric develops an electric field. 0.1 m. If the electric field between the
An ideal capacitor is characterised by a plates is 100 N/C, the magnitude of
constant capacitance C. In farads in the SI charge on each plate is
system of units, defined as the ratio of the Take, eg =885 x10-2
positive or negative charge Q on each N-m2
conductor to the voltage V between them.
(a) 9.85x10-C (b) 885 x10- C
Parallel plate capacitor is the most commonly (d) 685x10C
(c) 785 x10-0 c
used capacitor.
81. The capacitance of capacitor will
77. Consider a parallel plate air capacitor, decrease if we introduce a slab of
its capacitance does not depends on
a) copper
(a) thickness of conducting plates b) aluminium
(b) charge on the conducting plates (c) zinc
(c) area of the conducting plates (d) None of the above
(d) distance of separation between the
conducting plates Direction Answer the questions from
78. When a dielectric is placed in a
82-86 on the following case.
electric field, the electric field inside the Dielectrics
dielectric Dielectrics are insulating (non-conducting
(a) increases materials that can produce electric effect
(b) decreases without conduction. Movement of free
(c) constant charges is not possible in a dielectric, so they
(d) zero
behave differently.
 New Pattern.Physics 12th (Term-1) 39

Whena die dielectric erial is kept in an from rest in uniform electric field of
field, then the external field induces along the
directed
magnitude 8.0x 10" Vm
electric

ipolemoment.
oment. Due to which, net charges on positive X-axis. The proton undergoes a
thedielectric direction ofE.
surtace
of appears. displacementof 0.50m in the
the
When a dielectric material is kept in an
82. xternal field, then the induced field
x t e

will be
(a) less (b) more
(c) Both(a)and (b) (d) constant
absence of electric field, the net A 05mMB
R3, In the
dipole moment of a polar dielectric is kg
(a) zero Mass of a proton
= 1.66x 10
(b) infinite 1.6x 107
C.
=
and charge on a proton
c) positive then
moves from B to A,
(d) negative 61. As the proton decreases
of proton
84, Molecules that has no permanent (a) the potential energy increases
of proton
dipole moments are (b) the potential energy
kinetic energy
(c) the proton loses increases
(a) polar dielectrics the proton
(d) total energy of
(b) non-polar dielectrics
of the
(c) Both (a) and (b) 88. The change in electric potential is
the points A and B
(d) None of the above proton between
(b) -4.0x 10s V
is (a) 4.0x10°V
85. The SI unit of dielectric strength (c) 6.4x 10- v
(d)-6.4x10-V

(a) Vm (b) Vm
(c) mV-l (d) mv 89. The change in electric potential energy
from A4
of the proton for displacement
86. Which of the following is/are the to B is
molecules? (b) 6.4 x 10-18 J
examples of non-polar a)-6.4x 10J
(b) Hydrogen (c) -6.4x 10-5 J (d) 6.4x 10-5 J
(a) Oxygen
(d) All of these
(c) Nitrogen after it
Direction Answer the questions from
90. The velocity ("g) of the proton
is
has moved 0.50 m starting from rest
87-91 on the following case. (a) 1.6x10 ms- (b)2.77x 10® ms
Electric Field (c) 2.77x10 ms (d)1.6x 10° ms
Proton in an
Potential difference (AV) between two points
two
distance x, in a 91. If in place of charged plates,
A and B separated by a similar point charges of 1 uC have kept
uniform electric field E is given by in air at 1m distance from each other,
AV=- Ex, where x is measured parallel too then potential energy is
moves from A to
the field lines. If a charge go (a) 1J (b) 1eV
B,the change in potential energy(AU)1s
released
(c) 9x10u (d) zero
given as AU =
q%AV. A proton is
 ANSWERS
Multiple Choice Questions 9. () 10.
3 () 4 (C) 5. (b) 6. (c) 7 (d 8. (b) (b)
18 (a) 19. (a) 20. (a)
11. ( 12 ) 14 () 15. (b) 16. (b) 17 (d)
13. ( 29. (a) 30. (o)
26. (a 27. (d) 28. ()
21. 22. ( 23. (b) 24. (c) 25. (c) 39. (c) 40. (d)
36. (c) 37. (a) 38. (c)
31 32. () 33. (d) 34. () 35. (
48. (c) 49 (c) 50. (b)
41. ( 42. (a) 43. (b) 44. (c) 45. (a) 46 (b) 47. (d
$1
Assertion/Reasoning MCOs S8. (b) 59. (d) 60. (a) 61. (c)
52. b) 53. (a S4 (c) 55. ( 56. (c) 57. (
62. (a 63. ( 64 (b) 65. 66. (c)

Case Based MCOs 74. (a 75. (a) 76. (c)

69. (c) 70. (c) 71 (a 72. (a) 73. (c)
67. 68. (b)
82. (a) 83. (a) 84. (b) 85. (a) 86. ()
77. ) 78. (b) 79. (a) 80. b) 81. (
87. (b) 88. (b) 89. () 90. (b) 91. (c)

SOLUTIONS
We know that, potential due to point charge
1. From the definition of potential,
is given by
Work done W
V I 9 x 1 0 x3x109
Charge
4TCE0 9x102
Unit of potential Joule (J)
CoulombC) P8 3x102

2. Potential at a point in a field is defined as the V=300 V

amount of work done in bringing a unit 5. The potential at the centre of metallic hollow
positive charge (g) from to that point along spherical surface is 10 V, because potential at
any arbitrary path, any point inside a hollow metallic sphere is
constant. Thus, potential at the centre is
equal to the potential at surface of the sphere.
Work done, W= qV 6. Volume of eight
.
drops Volume of a big
3. Given, WAB =100 J go = 4C drop
Va =-10 V
and Va =
2r R
Since, V-V ="A, by external force
According to charge conservation,
V-(-10V-100 J 25 V
4C Potential of one small drop, V=
or V = 25 V-10 V=15 V 4TET
4. Given, g= 3nC = 3 x10 C Similarly, potential of big drop,
T=9 cm =9 x102 m V=-
4TeR
 ew Pattern ~ Physics 12th (Term-1)

CBSE
41

Now,
The positively charged particle experiences
electrostatic force along the direction of
2r
V-Lx
20 8q r
[from Eqs. (i) and (i)]
electric field, i.e. from high electrostatic
to low electrostatic potential. Thus,
potential
the
=5V the work is done by the electric field on

positive charge, hence electrostatic potential

Sa, the potential of each single drop was 5V
decreases.
energy of the positive charge
lectric dipole
of at a distance
7. The potentia r 12. The electric field is maximum at B, because
from the centre dipole is
of
electric field is directed along decreasing
cos
V=- potential V>Vc>Va
4TE 16. In this problem, the collection of charges,
to
V whose total is not zero, with regard
sum

great distance can be considered as a point

where, p is dipole moment. charge. The equipotential due to point
electric
electric charges are spherical in shape as
8. The potential due to an dipole is potential due to point charge q given by
is
r cos
4TCE r 4te 2 V=k,
This suggest that electric potentials due to
prcos point charge is same for all equidistant
4TEO points. The locus of these equidistant points,
which are at same potential, form spherical
= 0
surface.
Thus, the potential in the equatorial plane of 14. Electrostatic potential energy,
a dipole of dipole moment p is zero.

9. Electric potential at point P is given is U

4Te0
2gx cos6
x10 x(16 x10) x(-16 x10-19)
V,ATe
where, r is the distance of observation point
I-9
10-10

:-9 x10 x16 x10

from the centre of dipole.
-14.4 eV
P 15. Conductors are materials through which
electric charge can flow easily. Inside a
+ conductor, electrostatic field is zero. So, the
X electric potential of earth is zero and behaves
as a good conductor.
Hence, the value of potential at very far
point will depend upon q-*. 16. In the presence of external electric field, find
E the potentials at position of gj and g2
0. The relation between electric field intensity
and electric potentialVis given as Total electrostatic energy of systemn

So, for constant V, we have

and
-
=(9+9)
E =0 = 18 cm = 0.18 m

Therefore, electric field intensity will be zero.

 42 CBSE New Pattern Physics 12th (Term-h

Substituting the given values in Eq. (), we get 22. Capacitance, C= 0

d
-2x106) (7 x10)
0.09 0.09 e885 x10-" CmN-1
r 8 cm = 0.08 m
9 x10 x7x2x10-12 A = tr' = (314 x 0.08 x 0.08) m2
0.18
d=1 mm
9 x10 (5x10-07J 1x10m
0.09
50J-0.7 =49.3J Charge, =CV 9xV
17. Given, E=1000 V/m, 0 =45
p 10CDm
885x102x314 x(0.08x100
and 1x10-3
We know that, electric potential energy =178 x 10-8 c
stored in an electric dipole kept in uniformn
23. In free space, electric field between capacitor,
electric field is given by the relation,
U= p E= - pEcos
E
-

= -102x1000 xcos 45° Aeo

When plates of capacitor dipped in oil tank,
U-7x10-2 J then the electric field between plates of
18. There must be charges on the surfaceor capacitor,
inside it, because a conductor cannot have a
non-zero potential without the presence of
net charge. If there are no charge externally,
E
From Eqs. () and (i), we get
then the conductor itself must have charges
inside or on the surface of conductor. E : E =Keo)
19. From the given graphs, the voltages Va and
Hence, electric field between the plates is
Vp of capacitors A and B corresponding to decreased.
charge Qon each of the capacitors are
VA and Va
24. Co Co o d1 8
CA B

Va Q/Ca C and CEp = 72

Or 3d
VQ/CA C On
Since, V >Vj >G >Cz, i.e. the capacitor
dividing Eq. (i) by Eq. (), we get
A has the higher capacitance than B.
20. Potential difference between the plates of the
capacitor =+ 30 -(-10) = 40 V Dielectric constant, K =l2
iinr
Electric field between plates of capacitor 25. The capacitance of parallel plate capacitor
Potential difference filled with dielectric block has thickness d
and dielectric constant K, is given by
Separation between the plates
40
20 V/m d
2
Similarly, capacitance of parallel plate
21. Force, F, = qË = q
capacitor filled with dielectric block has
thickness d and dielectric constant K2 is
2000
=(4x10 x10T4N given by
CRSENew
pattern Physics 12th (Term-)
Patto.

43

dd 28. Two capacitors of 2 uF capacitance are

connected in series order and their equivalent
tivalent capacitance can be given by
The equ
capacitance,

Kegd Ke,A
GC d d
Coa C+C Kjegd Kgeo4 C, =1
da Now, C, =1uF and 3F capacitors are
KKgeod connected in parallel order.
Kda + Kgd 1uF
Rut the equivalent capacitance is given by

C KeA A 3uF
d +dy
we have
On comparing, Equivalent capacitance between point
is A

and B,
K,da +Kpd CAB =C, +C
26. The equivalent capacitance G,
is given by =1+3 4F
28. The given circuit can be simplified as follows
Ca
0+0F9+99 C/2
-V1 2 V
B

:G =C=Cg =C] Equivalent capacitance between A and B,

C
3
Ca C=2C
21. The combination of three capacitors in series,
30. The given arrangement becomes an
arrangement of (n-1) capacitors connected
in parallel, so C = (n -1)C.

31. In the given circuit, net capacitance of 3 uF

and 6 uF capacitors being connected in
parallel,
C 3uF+ 6uF 9uF 8 d 3
C-1F Now, 4.5 uF and 9 uF capacitors are in series,
The charge of this circuit, so the total capacity of capacitor,
g CV 1.5x120 =180 pC
The
potential difference across 3LF,
CCg45
9x4.59x=3uF
13.5
Charge, =CV=3x12 36Fas TE
V= =60 V given, V=12V)
 Physles 12th (Term
44 CBSENew Pattern

in inserted,
When a slab of dielectric K then
Potential difference across 4.5 u,
C CK
The new potential energy,
P-45 845V U
32. Let C and C be two parallel plate CK K
difference between
capacitors. The potential are in series, then
of the two 38. As capacitors C and C,
plates is 10V. The combination on them. ie
to question is given
as there should be equal charge
capacitors according
follows Charge onGCharge
on Ca
GV-V»)-C,(V» -V)
C C2 or G-V»)=C%(V»-Va)
The negative plate of C is
attached to
or CV-CV» =CV» -C,V
transfer of charges
or VplG+C)=CV, +GV
The
positive plate C2.
of
of point D,
takes places and both the plates are The potential difference
neutralised. But, the negative plate of C2 and
Vp
G +C
of C still has some finite C +C
positive plate
amount of charge.
39. AU= decrease in potential energy
33. Here, g=8 x10-13c
and C=100 uF = 10'F U -U
V=
8 x10-18

10
8 x104 v -av )-(a
Work done, W=l
40. Loss of energy, 2 ( C , +C - V3
x8 x1018 x8 x10-14
32 x10J 15x10x5x10(2000-1000)
34. EnergY given to conductor CV2 2 (5+5)x10-6

x5x10 x(800) = 16J 2x105x51.25J

41. Energy stored in a system of capacitors
U
35. Energy stored in capacitor, = xCV2
Here, g=3x10 C
Also, potential drop remains same in parallel
and C=60uF =60 x10- F combination across both the capacitors.
Initially stored energy,
(3x10-1.5x10"
U-60
x10
36. Energy of charged capacitor = CV
2
*9 x(?
nergy given by cell CV2
= =

As, V Ed=Ae,E'd
37. Potential energy of charged parallel plate
capacitor, U% =
U-CV
2C
C R S E N e
pattern»
w
P a c
ysics 12th (Term-1) 45

Finaly
Dotential drop across each capacitor Electric field intensity =0 suggest that
will
be

finally
stored energy,
dV0
dr
o.
This imply that, V = constant.
Cvcv- Thus, E = 0 inside the charged conducting
electrostatic potential
sphere, So, the same
100V at any point inside the sphere.
49. A. Electric potential point due to
at any
quantityhavin SI unit cos
The physical electric dipole is given as V P
=

62 is electric potential. 4Te

NCm
43. As, electric field
lines starts from higher At point P,0 =0°
ends at lower potential, so
tential and
1cos 0=l
when a
proton is released from rest in the 2

then it moves owards the region of

field,
decreasing potential
in the field. B.At point B,0 =180° pcos 180°
1
produced by a
surfaces
A The equipotential 4TE 4TE
or a spherically symmetrical
Doint charge
is as shown below C. At point Pa, 0 45°
charge distribution pcos 45°
. = 4 2TE
4TtE0
D. At point P, 0 =90°
= cos90 = 0
2
Hence, As, B->r,C>q andD>p.
fill the
50. A dielectric slab is then inserted to
and battery is
of concentric space between the plates
It is represented by a family removed, then
spheres. Battery is removed
U -pE cos Quantity
45. Potential energy of dipole,
=

at 0 =0° C'= KC
Hence, potential energy is
minimum
Capacity
and maximum at 6 = 180°.
Charge 'Q
external
in
46. When a dielectric is placed an
Potential V'=V/K
moment is induced
electric field, a net dipole E' E/KK
in the dielectric. It lowers down the
net Intensity
U'=UIK
electric field. Energy
is incorrect
41. The statement given in option (d) Hence, A1,B>p, C>p and D> q
and it can be corrected as,
Because the electric field intensity is large 51. A.A
of conductor and
charged
near
sharp edges
near regions of large charge densities.
Therefore, equipotential surfaces are not8 C 2
always equally spaced. no thoqoh Further as,
Kest statements are correct. o bu
48. Inthis problem, the electric field intensity
-Q+Q-Q
and electric potential V are related as

E =-
dV - andQe
dr
46 CBSE New Pattern »Physics 12th (Te

normal to
So, electric field always
is
Final energy of capacitor C, equipotential surfaces.
The electric field and electric potential are

U2 2
2C
related as

Edr
dV

i.e. Negative gradient of electric potential is

9
B. Final energy of electric field.
capacitor G that,
shows the potential
The negative sign
decreases in the direction of electric field
direction of
electric field is along the
decreasing order of potential.
U22C/2
2C2 9
C. Final energy of system,
Therefore, both A and R are true and R is the
correct explanation of A.
56. Work done, W= q = (% -V2)
UtnatU 4+Ug =CV
D. Inital energy of system,
At the equitorial line, =V2
Resultant electric potential at the equatorial
initial = cv? potential,
2C 2C
Change in energy,
(-V2)=0
W= 0
AU=Uinalinitial Therefore, A is true but R is false.
Hence, A s , B>, Cr and D p . 57. The potential energy, U = 2 is
52. If electric field at a point is zero due to two 4TtE 2
unaltered whatever way the charges are
point charges, then potential cannot be zero.
brought to the specified locations, because of
Electric field is a vector quantity E whereas
potential is a scalar quantity. Therefore, both path-independence of work for electrostatic
A and R are true but R is not the correct force.
explanation of A. Therefore, both A and R are true and R is the
correct explanation of A.
53. As electric field is set up from higher
potential to lower potential because it is in 58. Potential energy of a system of two charges,
the direction in which the potential
U-K 12
decreases steeply.
So, if an electron having negative charge is
placed in electric field, then it will move
When two positive point charges move
away from other, then their potential energy
opposite to the direction of electric field, decreases and work done by force can
ie. from lower always
potential to higher potential be expressed in terms of
change potential
in
Therefore, both A and R are true and R is energy, when the
the correct explanation of A.
particle moves from a pomt
Therefore, both A and R are true but R is not
54. Fivecharges of equal magnitude are acting on the correct
explanation of A.
-QWhen they are added as per polygon 59. Electric
potential of a charge conductor
law, their vector sum will become zero.
Therefore, A is true, but R is false.
depends not only on the amount of charge
and volume but also on
the shape of the
55. The equipotential surfaces are the planes conductor. Hence, their shapes are differen
if
draw perpendicular to the direction of they may have different electric
electric field, that have potentia.
Therefore, A is false and R is also false.
its surface.
same
potential over
CBSE
New
attern
»
Physics 12th (Term-1) 47

molecules are the one in So, capacity of a capacitor depends upon the
ectric
S 0 . P o l a rd i e l e c t

charges medium between two plates of

which centres of positive and negative capacitor.
when there is no external Therefore, both A and R are true but R is
separated even have permanent not the correct explanation of A.
means that, they
are

feld. It 65. Battery is disconnected from the

dipoles.
external electric
capacitor,
the absence
of any so Q= constant.
So. in are oriented
permanent dipoles
feld, the thermal agition. So, the total Energy 24
randomly due to 2eA
moment is zero.

dipole true and R is the Energy d

both A and R are
Therefore, Therefore, A is false and R is also false
explanation of A.
correct
molecules of a substance may be polar or 66. Energy supplied by battery
1. The molecule, the centre
non-polar. In a non-polar g=(CV) V
coincides.
and negative charges = CV?
of positive
molecule is one in
On the other hand, polar
a
and negative Energy stored =
which the centres positive
of
even when there is no
charges are separated,
external field. Energylost =CV cv?
molecules have a permanent dipole
So, polar
moment.

R is false.
Therefore, A is true but
Hence, half energy is lost.
62. The maximum
amount of charge a capacitor
Therefore, A is true but R false.
can have depends on the shape and size of
also the surrounding 67. For an electric field in X-axis equipotential
capacitor and on

medium.
surfaces are plane parallel to the YZ-plane.
be given only a limited
Thus, a capacitor can Equipotential surfaces
quantity of charge.
Therefore, both A and R are true and R is the
correct explanation of A.
63. Capacitance of a capacitor is inversely
proportional to distance between, the plates.
So, capacity of a parallel plate capacitor
1
increases when distance between the plates is X
decreased.
Therefore, A is false and R is also false. 68. Equipotential surfaces at a least distance
from a collection of charges whose total sum
64. C- C* k is not equal to zero are planer.

69. Equipotenti surfaces due to electric field

x4-d/2 are perpendicular planes to the electric field
6
lines.
Ch 6C Hence, option (c) correctly represents the
Again for capacity of a capacitor, electrical field lines for the given
Cep equipotential surface.
 Physics 12th (Ter
48 CBSENew Pattern

of a parallel plate
Hence, capacitance
70. The work done by a electrostatic force is
capacitor depends
on
the thickness of the
given by W V). Here, initial and
=q(V- the conducting plates and
final potentials are same in all three cases
plate, area of between the
distance of separation
and same charge is moved, so work done is conducting plates.
same in all three cases. material polarised when
get
78. The dielectric field. The field prodire
71. Electric field lines are perpendicular to the electric
placed in an of the materíal minimi
equipotential surfaces and point in the due to polarisation
direction of decreasing potential. At P, external field. Hence, the
the effect of
electric field E is to the left and at R, electric electrical field inside
a dielectric decreases
in external field.
field E is upward. when it is placed an

72. Since, E 0 inside the conductor and has

no
=

79. As we know, C=
tangential component on the surface,
no

work is done in moving a small test chargge less potential difference w

its surface. Capacitor having
within the conductor and on for a constant value
have more capacitance
73. The positively charged particle experiences
an electrostatic forcealong the direction of
electrostatic
Cofcharge
electric field, ie. from high
Thus, Thus, capacitor A has higher capacitance.
potential to low electrostatic potential.
the work is done by the electric field on the
80. Given, d =01 m, A =1m'
electrostatic potentíal
positive charge, hence decreases.
885 x10 x1 -885x 10 x1
energy of the positive charge 0.1
74. Potential energy of the system,
Also, C=
U , , =0

Q+g+Q)]=0
VC = Q E=V=Exd
Q-g/2 Q=CxExd
Q885x107x10 x100 x 01
75. Since, the proton is moving against the
direction of electric field, so work is done on
Q 885x10-10 C
the proton against electric field. It implies
that electric field does negative work on the
81. All conductive materials have infinite
is moving in electric electrical permittivity.
proton. Again, proton
field from low potential region to high Hence, introducing a conductive metal in a

potential region hence, its potential energy will increases the electric field
capacitor
increases. inside it. Therefore, option (d) is correct.
76. Electric potential energy of the system, 82. In external field, when a dielectric slab is
#
U= 192 kept near it, the magnitude of induced field
less than that of the external field.
Here, =4p =1 4C =1x10 C, 83. A polar dielectric is one which is having a
net dipole moment zero in the absence of
1
T=1 m and =9x10 N-m/C2 electric field due to the random orientation
4TtE polar molecules.
9x10 x1x10 x1x10
U=* 84. In a
non-polar molecule, the centres of
positive and negative charges coincide. The
9x10 J molecules thus has no permanent dipole
77. As we know, C = `o4 moment. e.g Oxygen (O,) and Hydrogen
d (H) molecules.
 New Pattern Physics 12th (Term-)
49
avimum electric field that a diclectric
8 6 The
an withstand ithout breakdown is called its 90. As, AK =- AU =6.4 x10J
dielectric strength. Its SI unit is Vm from conservation of energy)

non-polar lecules, each molecule has

86. In
no permanent
dipole moment.
AK-
Here, all
of thes nolecules, i.e. Og, Hy and 2AK 2x6.4 x 10-15
N are non-polar. a 166 x10-27

Potential energy of the proton

87. moves in opposite direction of increases, as it 277 x10 m/s
electric field.
91. Electrostatic potential energy of the system,
x10*
R8, AV=-E-Ax - 8.0
=
x 0,50
U=9 x109.12
= -4 x10V
89 AU=4AV =16 x10"" x(-4 x10)iaiveR doiuo =9 x10 x1x10-6 x1x10
=-6.4 x10-l5J 9 x10 J
172hron) uw

919lv

bre 5lef bipala