AAS Chapter 2 Slides
AAS Chapter 2 Slides
AAS Chapter 2 Slides
Learning Outcomes
• explain the choice of the main classes of materials
(metals, ceramics, glass, plastics, fibres) in the
production of common household items, in terms of
their properties
• estimate and measure accurately length, volume and
mass (including volume and mass of liquids and
solids but not of gases) of matter using appropriate
instruments (metre rule, measuring tape, vernier
callipers, measuring cylinder, displacement can,
electronic balance) and methods
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Chapter 2 Exploring Diversity of Matter by its Physical Properties
Learning Outcomes
• calculate density using the formula and use the
appropriate unit
• predict whether an object will sink or float by
comparing its density with that of its surrounding
medium
• classify a number of common everyday objects and
recognise that there are many ways of classifying the
same group of objects
• use data on the properties of different materials to
evaluate their uses
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Chapter 2 Exploring Diversity of Matter by its Physical Properties
Learning Outcomes
• communicate findings on classification and justify
reasons
• display the habit of sustainable use of materials
• evaluate the environmental impact of excessive use
of paper and disposal of plastics
• demonstrate precision and accuracy in making
measurements (taking into consideration parallax
and zero errors)
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Chapter 2 Exploring Diversity of Matter by its Physical Properties
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Chapter 2 Exploring Diversity of Matter by its Physical Properties
What
properties
does ice have
that make it
suitable for
making an
igloo?
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Chapter 2 Exploring Diversity of Matter by its Physical Properties
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Chapter 2 Exploring Diversity of Matter by its Physical Properties
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Chapter 2 Exploring Diversity of Matter by its Physical Properties
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Chapter 2 Exploring Diversity of Matter by its Physical Properties
How do we classify?
• In order to classify objects, we do the following:
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Chapter 2 Exploring Diversity of Matter by its Physical Properties
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Chapter 2 Exploring Diversity of Matter by its Physical Properties
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Chapter 2 Exploring Diversity of Matter by its Physical Properties
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Chapter 2 Exploring Diversity of Matter by its Physical Properties
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Chapter 2 Exploring Diversity of Matter by its Physical Properties
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Chapter 2 Exploring Diversity of Matter by its Physical Properties
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Chapter 2 Exploring Diversity of Matter by its Physical Properties
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Chapter 2 Exploring Diversity of Matter by its Physical Properties
Experiment: Strength
Drag each weight to the apparatus shown.
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Chapter 2 Exploring Diversity of Matter by its Physical Properties
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Chapter 2 Exploring Diversity of Matter by its Physical Properties
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Chapter 2 Exploring Diversity of Matter by its Physical Properties
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Chapter 2 Exploring Diversity of Matter by its Physical Properties
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Chapter 2 Exploring Diversity of Matter by its Physical Properties
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Chapter 2 Exploring Diversity of Matter by its Physical Properties
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Chapter 2 Exploring Diversity of Matter by its Physical Properties
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Chapter 2 Exploring Diversity of Matter by its Physical Properties
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Chapter 2 Exploring Diversity of Matter by its Physical Properties
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Chapter 2 Exploring Diversity of Matter by its Physical Properties
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Chapter 2 Exploring Diversity of Matter by its Physical Properties
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Chapter 2 Exploring Diversity of Matter by its Physical Properties
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Chapter 2 Exploring Diversity of Matter by its Physical Properties
Metre rule
• A metre rule measures short lengths.
• We must place our eyes vertically (90°) above it to
obtain a correct reading. Wrong eye position leads
to a parallax error. This will give an inaccurate
reading.
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Chapter 2 Exploring Diversity of Matter by its Physical Properties
Measuring tape
• A measuring tape is used to measure longer lengths
and lengths of curved surfaces.
• The metre rule and measuring tape have marks
dividing them into centimetres and millimetres.
The smallest division is 1 mm.
• Thus, the metre rule and the measuring tape are
accurate to 1 mm (or 0.1 cm).
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Chapter 2 Exploring Diversity of Matter by its Physical Properties
Vernier callipers
• Vernier callipers are used to measure internal and
external lengths of objects very accurately. They are
accurate to 0.1 mm (or 0.01 cm).
• The main scale has divisions of 1 mm and the
vernier scale has divisions of 0.1 mm.
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Chapter 2 Exploring Diversity of Matter by its Physical Properties
Zero error
• If the jaws are closed but the zero marks on the
main scale and the vernier scale are not in line,
there is an error known as the zero error.
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Chapter 2 Exploring Diversity of Matter by its Physical Properties
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Chapter 2 Exploring Diversity of Matter by its Physical Properties
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Chapter 2 Exploring Diversity of Matter by its Physical Properties
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Chapter 2 Exploring Diversity of Matter by its Physical Properties
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Chapter 2 Exploring Diversity of Matter by its Physical Properties
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Chapter 2 Exploring Diversity of Matter by its Physical Properties
Volumes of liquids
• A measuring cylinder can also be used to measure
the volume of a liquid.
• Volumes of liquids can be measured in litres (l),
millilitres (ml) or cubic centimetres (cm3).
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Chapter 2 Exploring Diversity of Matter by its Physical Properties
Volumes of liquids
• In a measuring cylinder, the liquid surface is a little
curved. This curved shape is called a meniscus.
• When you take a reading from a measuring cylinder,
your eye must be at
the same level as the
bottom of the meniscus
meniscus. This helps
wrong reading of
us to avoid parallax 78 cm3
errors. correct reading of
77 cm3
wrong reading of
74 cm3
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Chapter 2 Exploring Diversity of Matter by its Physical Properties
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Chapter 2 Exploring Diversity of Matter by its Physical Properties
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Chapter 2 Exploring Diversity of Matter by its Physical Properties
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Chapter 2 Exploring Diversity of Matter by its Physical Properties
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Chapter 2 Exploring Diversity of Matter by its Physical Properties
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Chapter 2 Exploring Diversity of Matter by its Physical Properties
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Chapter 2 Exploring Diversity of Matter by its Physical Properties
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Chapter 2 Exploring Diversity of Matter by its Physical Properties
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Chapter 2 Exploring Diversity of Matter by its Physical Properties
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Chapter 2 Exploring Diversity of Matter by its Physical Properties
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Chapter 2 Exploring Diversity of Matter by its Physical Properties
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Chapter 2 Exploring Diversity of Matter by its Physical Properties
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Chapter 2 Exploring Diversity of Matter by its Physical Properties
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Chapter 2 Exploring Diversity of Matter by its Physical Properties
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Chapter 2 Exploring Diversity of Matter by its Physical Properties
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Chapter 2 Exploring Diversity of Matter by its Physical Properties
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Chapter 2 Exploring Diversity of Matter by its Physical Properties
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Chapter 2 Exploring Diversity of Matter by its Physical Properties
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Chapter 2 Exploring Diversity of Matter by its Physical Properties
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Chapter 2 Exploring Diversity of Matter by its Physical Properties
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Chapter 2 Exploring Diversity of Matter by its Physical Properties
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Chapter 2 Exploring Diversity of Matter by its Physical Properties
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Chapter 2 Exploring Diversity of Matter by its Physical Properties
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Chapter 2 Exploring Diversity of Matter by its Physical Properties
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Chapter 2 Exploring Diversity of Matter by its Physical Properties
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Chapter 2 Exploring Diversity of Matter by its Physical Properties
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Chapter 2 Exploring Diversity of Matter by its Physical Properties
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Chapter 2 Exploring Diversity of Matter by its Physical Properties
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Chapter 2 Exploring Diversity of Matter by its Physical Properties
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Chapter 2 Exploring Diversity of Matter by its Physical Properties
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Chapter 2 Exploring Diversity of Matter by its Physical Properties
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Chapter 2 Exploring Diversity of Matter by its Physical Properties
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Chapter 2 Exploring Diversity of Matter by its Physical Properties
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Chapter 2 Exploring Diversity of Matter by its Physical Properties
Paper
• Forests are cut down to produce paper. With forests,
we also lose many animals and plants.
• Excessive use and production of paper uses up a lot
of energy and water. It also contributes to water and
air pollution.
• Cutting down on our use of paper can lead to a
smaller environmental impact due to paper
production.
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Chapter 2 Exploring Diversity of Matter by its Physical Properties
Plastics
• Plastics are useful materials because they do not
break down easily.
• However, this is bad when it comes to the
environment. Most plastics do not decompose in the
soil. They are said to be non-biodegradable, and can
take hundreds of years to break down.
• Plastic waste that ends up in the
sea kills many animals
every year.
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Chapter 2 Exploring Diversity of Matter by its Physical Properties
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Chapter 2 Exploring Diversity of Matter by its Physical Properties
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Chapter 2 Exploring Diversity of Matter by its Physical Properties
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Chapter 2 Exploring Diversity of Matter by its Physical Properties
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Chapter 2 Exploring Diversity of Matter by its Physical Properties
Chapter Review
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Chapter 2 Exploring Diversity of Matter by its Physical Properties
Chapter Review
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Chapter 2 Exploring Diversity of Matter by its Physical Properties
Chapter Review
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Chapter 2 Exploring Diversity of Matter by its Physical Properties
Chapter Review
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Chapter 2 Exploring Diversity of Matter by its Physical Properties
Chapter Review
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