Mechanism of RESPIRATION

Assignment on:
RESPIRATION IN PILA
2021 SUBMITTED BY:

DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY ANIQUAH TABASSUM
PATNA UNIVERSITY ROLL NO.:43
SUBMITTED TO:
RR MSc ZOOLOGY
FIRST SEMESTER
RESPIRATION IN PILA
MECHANISM OF
RESPIRATORY AERIAL AND
STRUCTURES AQUATIC
RESPIRATION
INTRODUCTION
• PHYLUM-MOLLUSCA
• CLASS - GASTROPODA
• SUB-CLASS- PROSO BRANCHIA
• FAMILY- PILIDAE
• GENUS - PILA
• SPECIES - GLOBOSA
• FRESHWATER APPLE SNAIL FOUND IN

PONDS, POOLS, LAKES, MARSHES, PADDY
FIELDS ETC.
• IT LEADS AN AMBHIBIOUS LIFE. IT CAN
LIVE ON LAND OR IN WATER .
• IT HAS EXO SKELETON OF SHELL SECRETED
BY ITSELF HAVING 6.5 WHORLS IN IT.
RESPIRATORY STRUCTURES IN PILA
PILA HAS ORGANS FOR AQUATIC AS WELL AS AERIAL MODE OF RESPIRATION

RESPIRATORY ORGANS ARE :
A SINGLE CTENIDIUM FOR AQUATIC RESPIRATION
A PULMONARY SAC FOR AERIAL RESPIRATION
A PAIR OF LEFT & RIGHT ACCESSORY NUCHAL LOBES ACTING

AS ACCESSORY RESPIRATORY STRUCTURES.
CTENIDIUM
•A ctenidium is a respiratory organ or gill

which is found in many Molluscs
•In pila a single ctenidium is situated on
dorsal lateral wall of the branchial or
right chamber of mental cavity
•The gill consists of numerous triangular
lamellae/leaflet arranged in a single row
running parallel to one another along
the central axis of the gill. It is called
monopectinate gill.
The lamellae are not of equal size ,the
ones in the middle of the ctenidia are the
biggest and their size reduces towards
the two ends.
Each lamella has two free
ends corresponding to the Each lamella has many The ctenidium is supplied
two side of the triangle. The transverse ridges/pleats with blood vessels,an Blood flows from afferent
longer side is called Efferent well connected with blood afferent and an efferent to efferent side(fig.C)
side while the shorter one is vessels(fig.B) blood vessels .
called Afferent side
It has three kinds of cells :-

Each lamella has a double • 1.Ciliated Epithelium The basal end of each gill
layer of epithelium with the • 2.Non- Ciliated Epithelium lamella is attached to the
narrow cavity • 3.Glandular cells Pallial epithelium .(fig.D)
PULMONARY SACS
•It is a closed cavity hanging from the dorsal wall of
the mantle in the pulmonary chamber
•The sac has an opening called pulmonary aperture
in the pulmonary chamber which is guarded by two
valves.
•It is highly vascular and helps directly in gaseous
exchange.
•The pulmonary sac is composed of outer epithelial
layer, middle muscular and vascular connective tissue
layer and inner endothelial layer.
•These are two fleshy highly contractile structure on both

side of head called right and left nuchal lobes.
NUCHAL LOBES •Both nuchal lobes form a sort of drain for entry and exit
of water in and out of mantle cavity
MECHANISM OF AQUATIC RESPIRATION
The two nuchal lobes expand to

form shallow channels allowing the
entry and exit of water into the
branchial chamber.
Water current enters through the

left nuchal lobe and comes in
contact with the osphardium which
tests the nature of water
Water then goes into the posterior

part of pulmonary chamber and
crosses the epitaenia to enter the
branchial chamber
As the water moves forward in the
branchial chamber it bathes the
entire length of the ctenidium
The exchange of gases occurs

between the blood vessels of the
ctenidia containing CO2 and the
water which is enriched with oxygen
After the exchange of gases water

is expelled out through the right
nuchal lobe..
PATH OF WATER FLOW.

Flow of water is maintained by following
two ways.
i. Alternate lowering and rising of floor of

mantle cavity which is brought about by
alternate protrusion and retraction of head.
ii. Beating of cilia on the lamella of the

Ctenidium.
MECHANISM OF AERIAL RESPIRATION
For aerial respiration pila come to the
surface of water to inhale atmospheric
air.
It then expands the size of the left nuchal

lobe, both in length and breadth and rolls
up to form an elongated respiratory tube
called Siphon.
Air enters through siphon and fillls the

pulmonary sac through pulmonary
aperture. The pulmonary sac becomes
enlarge and occupy nearly two-thirds of
the pulmonary chamber
Large number of blood
vessels present in
pulmonary sac helps in the
exchange of carbon
dioxide and oxygen.
After the exchange of

gases,air goes back
through the same path.
Pathway of Air Flow

When the snail travels on land from one source of water to other for the purpose of laying egg then it
may breathe air by the pulmonary method. In this situation snail may breathe without forming a siphon of
the left nuchal lobe which is simply expanded.
During aestivation it shows extremely decreased activities. In this condition body gets completely within the
shell and the aperture is tightly closed with the operculum. Respiration takes place with that much of air
which is stored in the pulmonary sac.
Epitaenia is raised to push the mantle wall and hence air is not allowed to enter the branchial chamber.
Inflow and outflow of air is maintained by alternate expansion and contraction of pulmonary sac.
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN AQUATIC AND AERIAL RESPIRATION IN PILA
AQUATIC RESPIRATION AERIAL RESPIRATION
1. Performed with the help of pulmonary sac.

1. Performed with the help of gills or ctenidia.
2. Respiratory site is the branchial chamber,or the 2. Respiratory site is the pulmonary chamber or the
right cavity of the mantle. left cavity of the mantle.
3. Movements of cilia of the lamellae help in the 3. Contraction and relaxation of muscles of
intake of water. pulmonary sac and mantle wall, help in the intake of
air.
4. Gaseous exchange takes place between the
water and blood. 4.Gaseous exchange takes place between the air
5. It occurs when Pila remains in clean water. and blood.
5. It occurs when Pila remains either on land

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Assignment on:

2021 SUBMITTED BY:

• SUB-CLASS- PROSO BRANCHIA

• FRESHWATER APPLE SNAIL FOUND IN

PILA HAS ORGANS FOR AQUATIC AS WELL AS AERIAL MODE OF RESPIRATION

A SINGLE CTENIDIUM FOR AQUATIC RESPIRATION

A PULMONARY SAC FOR AERIAL RESPIRATION

A PAIR OF LEFT & RIGHT ACCESSORY NUCHAL LOBES ACTING

•A ctenidium is a respiratory organ or gill

It has three kinds of cells :-

•These are two fleshy highly contractile structure on both

The two nuchal lobes expand to

Water current enters through the

Water then goes into the posterior

The exchange of gases occurs

After the exchange of gases water

PATH OF WATER FLOW.

i. Alternate lowering and rising of floor of

ii. Beating of cilia on the lamella of the

It then expands the size of the left nuchal

Air enters through siphon and fillls the

After the exchange of

Pathway of Air Flow

AQUATIC RESPIRATION AERIAL RESPIRATION

1. Performed with the help of pulmonary sac.

5. It occurs when Pila remains either on land

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