Chapter 1: Coding Decoding
Something express in secret way is known as coding and the conversion of secret way into the actual meaning is
known as Decoding. It has wide application in various fields like defence services.
There are many different ways to write a coded message.
Important Note: It is good to avoid pre-defined coding rule to write a coded message.
Concept to generate coded word is heavily relying upon the position of English alphabet in Logical Reasoning.
A B C …....... X Y Z
1 2 3 24 25 26 LHS Counting
26 25 24 3 2 1 RHS Counting
We have keywords to help in remembering the position of alphabets.
E J O T Y F L R X
5 10 15 20 25 6 12 18 24
C F I L O R U X
3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24
These keywords are derived using position of alphabets from left hand side. Suppose we need to know the
position of alphabets from right hand side. This can be easily done using the relation
RHS = 27 - LHS
Similarly if LHS is required then
LHS = 27 - RHS.
Coding Rule Type
Type 1 Letter/ Number Mapping with Specific Individual Number / Letter / Symbol as per given
rules.
Example 1 Study the information carefully
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0
A B C D E F G H I L
Following conditions are to be strictly observed
1. If the first number is an odd number, it should be represent with M.
2. If the last number is an even number, it should be represent with N.
3. If either 4 or 9 exist in between, it should represent by X.
a) Find the coded letter for 148196
Solution
1 represent by ------------ M (Instead of A, M is used as per condition 1)
4 represent by ------------ X (Instead of D, X is used as per condition 3)
8 represent by ------------ H
1 represent by ------------ A
9 represent by ------------ X (Instead of I, X is used as per condition 3)
6 represent by ------------ N (Instead of F, N is used as per condition 2)
It implies 148196 represent using MXHAXN
b) Find the coded letter for 46789
Solution
4 represent by ------------ D
6 represent by ------------ F
7 represent by ------------ G
8 represent by ------------ H
9 represent by ------------ I
It implies 46789 represent using DFGHI
Type 2 Letter to number conversion using common letters representation in given guiding words
Example 2 If in certain code language ASSESSMENT is coded as 1223224356 and INFORMATION is
coded as 75890416795 then how you will code SESSION?
Solution
2 3 2 2 7 9 5
A S S E S S M E N T I N F O R M A T I O N
S E S S I O N
2 3 2 2 7 9 5
Type 3 Letter to Number code conversion by applying operation (Addition, Subtraction
Multiplication and Reversing the Position etc.) on the position of alphabets (referred by
English alphabets)
Example 3 If L is coded as 21, LION is coded as 21905141, and then code for TIGER?
Solution
Using the position of English alphabet
Position of L from LHS is 12 which are then written in reverse order.
It implies L is 21
Position of L, I, O and N from left hand side is 12, 09, 15 and 14 respectively which is then
written in reverse order.
L is 21, I is 90, O is 51, N is 41
It implies
LION is 21 90 51 41
Using same logic
We can assign the code to “T I G E R” as “02 90 70 50 81”
Since T is 20, I is 09, G is 07, E is 05,
R is 18 (from LHS)
Example 4 If LION is coded as 5 and TIGER is coded as 14 then code for JUNGLEE is
Solution
Using the position of English alphabet from LHS
L I O N
12 + 9 + 15 + 14 = 50 = 5 + 0= 5
T I G E R
20 + 9 + 7 + 5 + 18 = 59 = 5 + 9= 14
Using same logic
J U N G L E E
10 + 21 + 14 + 7 + 12 + 5 + 5 = 74 = 7+4= 11
Example 5 If TRY is coded as 18 and AGAIN is coded as 23 then code for SUCCESS is
Solution
Using the position of English alphabet from LHS
T R Y
20 18 25 = (2+0) + (1 + 8) + (2+5) = 18
A G A I N
01 07 01 09 14 = (0+1) + (0+7) + (0+1) + (0+9) + (1+4) = 23
Using same logic
S U C C E S S
19 21 03 03 05 19 19
= (1+9) + (2+1) + (0+3) + (0+3) + (0+5) + (1+9) + (1+9)
= 44
Type 4 Letter to Letter Code Conversion using position of English Alphabet
Example 6 If in certain language OUTCOME is coded as PWUEPOF, RESULT is coded as
SGTWMU then explain coding rule how ASSESSMENT is coded as
Solution
O U T C O M E
+1 +2 +1 +2 +1 +2 +1
P W U E P O F
R E S U L T
+1 +2 +1 +2 +1 +2
S G T W M V
Using same logic
“Every letter in given word is replaced next and second next position alternatively with reference to English
Alphabet”.
A S S E S S M E N T
+1 +2 +1 +2 +1 +2 +1 +2 +1 +2
B U T G T U N G O V
Example 7 If in certain language TIME is coded as KVGO, RANGER coded as PCTTGI then
explains the coding rule how ROBERT is coded as
Solution
T I M E R A N G E R
+2 +2 +2 +2 +2 +2 +2 +2 +2 +2
K V G O P C T T G I
Rule 1 Split word into two equal parts.
R O B E R T
Rule 2 write those two parts in reverse order
+2 +2 +2 +2 +2 +2
and replace every alphabet by alphabet at
second next position in forward direction with
reference to English Alphabet.
D Q T V T G
Example 8 If in certain language ROUTINE is coded as ILHGRMV, TIME is coded as GRNV then
explains the coding rule how FAILURE is coded as
Solution
R O U T I N E T I M E
18 15 21 20 9 14 5 20 9 13 5
27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27
9 12 6 7 18 13 22 7 18 14 22
I L F G R M V G R N V
Using same logic,
Every letter in given word is replaced by the letter with same position from right hand side as referred by that
letter from left hand side
F A I L U R E
6 1 9 12 21 18 5
27 27 27 27 27 27 27
21 26 18 15 6 9 22
U Z R O F I V
Type 5 Comparison of phrases in multiple sentences to decode Chinese language
Example 9
If in certain coding language
“Failure are pillar of success” is written as “la che ne pa da”
“Key for success” is written as “che do ga”
“Experience and Success are two face of coin” is written “da che pe ko rat lo to ne”
Then find the code for “FAILURE”
Solution
Compare 1 and 2 statement implies
Success che
Compare 1 and 3 statement implies
are / of da / ne
It finally implies that “Failure” may be “la or pa”
Type 6 Substitution Method for well-known General Facts
Example 10 If in certain coding language
BAT is represent by MOSQUITO
MOSQUITO is represent by RAT
RAT is represent by DOG
DOG is represent by CAT
a) What is the main cause of spreading CORONA virus?
Solution
CORONA virus is caused by “BAT” which is represented using “MOSQUITO” in given language.
It implies CORONA virus is caused by MOSQUITO in coded language.
b) What is the main cause of the well-known disease malaria?
Solution
In general MALARIA is caused due to bite of “MOSQUITO” which is represented using “RAT” in
this language. It implies “MALARIYA” is caused by RAT in coded language
