REFRIGERATION & AIR-CONDITIONING

DATABOOK
1ST EDITION

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

DHAKA UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
Gazipur-1707
Contents
PART-A: Refrigeration ..................................................................................................... 1
1. Refrigerants P-H Charts & Tables (SI Unit) ................................................................ 2
2. Vapour Absorption Charts & Tables (SI Unit) ............................................................30
3. Refrigerant P-H Charts (I-P Unit) ...............................................................................37
4. Vapour Absorption Charts & Tables (I-P Unit) ...........................................................50
5. Physical Properties & Comparison of Different Refrigerants.....................................55
6. Psychrometry ............................................................................................................57
PART-B: Air-Conditioning ...............................................................................................73
7. Thermal Resistance & Other Properties of Building Materials ...................................74
8. Heat Transfer Through Opaque Surfaces ..................................................................76
9. Heat Transfer Through Fenestration ..........................................................................97
10. Internal Heat Gain ................................................................................................103
11. Duct Design ..........................................................................................................115
PART-C: Appendix ........................................................................................................118
12. Physical Properties of Materials ...........................................................................118
List of Tables
Table 1.1: Refrigerant 12 (Dichlorodifluoromethane) Properties of Saturated Liquid and Saturated Vapor ___ 2
Table 1.2: Refrigerant 22 (Chlorodifluoromethane) Properties of Saturated Liquid and Saturated Vapor ____ 4
Table 1.3: Refrigerant 32 (Difluoromethane) Properties of Saturated Liquid and Saturated Vapor _________ 6
Table 1.4: Refrigerant 134a (1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane) Properties of Saturated Liquid and Saturated Vapor 8
Table 1.5: Refrigerant 134a Properties of Superheated Vapor _____________________________________ 9
Table 1.6: Refrigerant 134a Properties of Superheated Vapor (Concluded) _________________________ 10
Table 1.7: Refrigerant 1234yf (2,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-1-ene) Properties of Saturated Liquid and Saturated
Vapor ________________________________________________________________________________ 12
Table 1.8: Refrigerant 1234ze(E) (Trans-1,3,3,3-Tetrafluoropropene) Properties of Saturated Liquid and
Saturated Vapor ________________________________________________________________________ 14
Table 1.9: Refrigerant 407C [R-32/125/134a (23/25/52)] Properties of Liquid on Bubble Line and Vapor on
Dew Line _____________________________________________________________________________ 16
Table 1.10: Refrigerant 410A [R-32/125 (50/50)] Properties of Liquid on Bubble Line and Vapor on Dew Line
_____________________________________________________________________________________ 18
Table 1.11: Refrigerant 717 (Ammonia) Properties of Saturated Liquid and Saturated Vapor ____________ 20
Table 1.12: Refrigerant 718 (Water/Steam) Properties of Saturated Liquid and Saturated Vapor _________ 22
Table 1.13: Refrigerant 744 (Carbon Dioxide) Properties of Saturated Liquid and Saturated Vapor _______ 24
Table 1.14: Refrigerant 600a (Isobutane) Properties of Saturated Liquid and Saturated Vapor __________ 26
Table 1.15: Refrigerant 729 (Air) Properties of Liquid on the Bubble Line and Vapor on the Dew Line _____ 28
Table 2.1: Refrigerant Temperature (t’ = °C) and Enthalpy (h = kJ/kg) of Lithium Bromide Solutions ______ 30
Table 2.2: Specific Volume of Saturated Ammonia-Water Solutions, m3/kg __________________________ 30
Table 4.1: Refrigerant Temperature (t´ = °F) and Enthalpy (h = Btu/lb) of Lithium Bromide Solutions ______ 50
Table 4.2: Specific Volume of Saturated Ammonia-Water Solutions, ft3/lb __________________________ 50
Table 5.1: Physical Properties of Selected Refrigerants _________________________________________ 55
Table 5.2: Comparative Refrigerant Performance per Kilowatt of Refrigeration _______________________ 56
Table 6.1: Thermodynamic Properties of Moist Air at Standard Atmospheric Pressure, 101.325 kPa _____ 58
Table 6.2: Thermodynamic Properties of Water at Saturation ____________________________________ 60
Table 6.3: Thermodynamic Properties of Water at Superheat ____________________________________ 63
Table 7.1: Thermal Resistance of Unit Areas of Selected Building Materials at 24C mean temperatures __ 74
Table 8.1: Cooling Load Temperature Differences (CLTD) for Different Flat Roofs (Ref: Ashrae Fundamentals
1997, I-P Unit) _________________________________________________________________________ 76
Table 8.2: Roof Numbers Used in the Previous Table __________________________________________ 77
Table 8.3: Cooling Load Temperature Differences for Different Flat Roofs (Ref: Edward G. Pita’s Book, I-P
Unit) _________________________________________________________________________________ 78
Table 8.4: Cooling Load Temperature Differences (CLTD) for Different Flat Roofs ____________________ 80
Table 8.5: Code Numbers with Description of Different Building Materials (I-P Unit) ___________________ 81
Table 8.6: July Cooling Load Temperature Differences (CLTD) for Sunlit Walls 40°North Latitude (Ref: Ashrae
Fundamentals 1997, I-P Unit) _____________________________________________________________ 82
Table 8.7: Wall Types (Used in the Previous Table), Mass Located Inside Insulation. _________________ 88
Table 8.8: Wall Types (Used in the Required Table), Mass Evenly Distributed. ______________________ 89
Table 8.9: Wall Types (Used in the Required Table), Mass Evenly Distributed. ______________________ 90
Table 8.10: July Cooling Load Temperature Differences (CLTD) for Sunlit Walls 40°North Latitude (Ref:
Edward G. Pita’s Book, I-P Unit) ___________________________________________________________ 91
Table 8.11: Wall Construction with Group Description Used in the Previous Table ____________________ 93
Table 8.12: July Cooling Load Temperature Differences (CLTD) for Sunlit Walls 40°North Latitude (Ref:
Stocker Jones’s Book, SI Unit) ____________________________________________________________ 94
Table 8.13: CLTD Correction For Latitude And Month Applied To Walls And Roofs, North Latitudes, (F) __ 96
Table 9.1: Maximum Solar Heat Gain Factor (SHGF), BTU/h.ft2 for Sunlit Glass, North Latitudes ________ 97
Table 9.2: Shading Coefficient (SC) for Glass wih or without Shading Devices (I-P Unit) _______________ 98
Table 9.3: Maximum Solar Heat Gain Factor (SHGF), W/m2 for Sunlit Glass, North Latitudes ___________ 98
Table 9.4: Cooling Load Temperature Differences for Conduction through Glass _____________________ 99
Table 9.5: Cooling Load Factors (CLF) for Glass with Interior Shading _____________________________ 99
Table 9.6: Shading Coefficient (SC) for Glass wih or without Shading Devices (S-I Unit) _______________ 99
Table 9.7: Cooling Load Factors (CLF) for Glass without Interior Shading, in North Latitude Spaces Having
Carpeted Floors _______________________________________________________________________ 100
Table 9.8: Cooling Load Factors (CLF) for Glass without Interior Shading, in North Latitude Spaces Having
Un-Carpeted Floors ____________________________________________________________________ 101
Table 9.9: Cooling Load Factors (CLF) for Glass with Interior Shading, in North Latitude (All Room
Constructions) ________________________________________________________________________ 102
Table 10.1: Cooling Load Factors for Lighting _______________________________________________ 103
Table 10.2: Rates of Heat Gain from Occupants (People), Btu/h, of Conditioned Space _______________ 104
Table 10.3: Rates of Heat Gain from Occupants (People), W, of Conditioned Space _________________ 104
Table 10.4: Recommended Space for Occupants (People) _____________________________________ 105
Table 10.5: Sensible Heat Cooling Load Factors (CLF) for People _______________________________ 105
Table 10.6: Rates of Heat Gain from Equipment _____________________________________________ 106
Table 10.7: Heat Gain from Typical Electric Motors ___________________________________________ 112
Table 10.8: Outdoor Air Requirements for Ventilation __________________________________________ 113
Table 10.9: Infiltration Constants for Infiltration _______________________________________________ 113
Table 10.10: Minimum Mechanical Ventilation Requirement Rates _______________________________ 113
Table 10.11: Air Changes Rates __________________________________________________________ 114
Table 11.1: Circular Equivalents of Rectangular Duct for Equal Friction and Capacity ________________ 115
Table 11.2: Equivalent Flat Oval Duct Dimensions ____________________________________________ 117
Table 12.1: Properties of Vapors __________________________________________________________ 118
Table 12.2: Properties of Liquids __________________________________________________________ 119
Table 12.3: Properties of Solids __________________________________________________________ 119
List of Figures
Figure 1.1: Pressure-Enthalpy Diagram for Refrigerant 22 ________________________________________ 3
Figure 1.2: Pressure-Enthalpy Diagram for Refrigerant 22 ________________________________________ 5
Figure 1.3: Pressure-Enthalpy Diagram for Refrigerant 32 _______________________________________ 7
Figure 1.4: Pressure-Enthalpy Diagram for Refrigerant 134a _____________________________________ 11
Figure 1.5: Pressure-Enthalpy Diagram for Refrigerant 1234yf ___________________________________ 13
Figure 1.6: Pressure-Enthalpy Diagram for Refrigerant 1234ze(E) ________________________________ 15
Figure 1.7: Pressure-Enthalpy Diagram for Refrigerant 407C ____________________________________ 17
Figure 1.8: Pressure-Enthalpy Diagram for Refrigerant 410A ____________________________________ 19
Figure 1.9: Pressure-Enthalpy Diagram for Refrigerant 717 (Ammonia) ____________________________ 21
Figure 1.10: Pressure-Enthalpy Diagram for Refrigerant 718 (Water/Steam) ________________________ 23
Figure 1.11: Pressure-Enthalpy Diagram for Refrigerant 744 (Carbon Dioxide) ______________________ 25
Figure 1.12: Pressure-Enthalpy Diagram for Refrigerant 600a (Isobutane) __________________________ 27
Figure 1.13: Pressure-Enthalpy Diagram for Refrigerant 729 (Air) _________________________________ 29
Figure 2.1: Enthalpy-Concentration Diagram for Ammonia/Water Solutions _________________________ 31
Figure 2.2: Enthalpy-Concentration Diagram for Water/Lithium Bromide Solutions ____________________ 32
Figure 2.3: Enthalpy of Li-Br Water Solutions _________________________________________________ 33
Figure 2.4: Temperature Pressure Concentration Diagram of Saturated LiBr-Water Solutions ___________ 34
Figure 2.5: Equilibrium Chart for Aqueous Lithium Bromide Solutions ______________________________ 35
Figure 2.6: Specific Density of Aqueous Solutions of Lithium Bromide _____________________________ 36
Figure 2.7: Viscosity of Aqueous Solutions of Lithium Bromide ___________________________________ 36
Figure 2.8: Specific Heat of Aqueous Lithium Bromide Solutions __________________________________ 36
Figure 3.1: Pressure-Enthalpy Diagram for Refrigerant 12 _______________________________________ 37
Figure 3.2: Pressure-Enthalpy Diagram for Refrigerant 22 _______________________________________ 38
Figure 3.3: Pressure-Enthalpy Diagram for Refrigerant 32 _______________________________________ 39
Figure 3.4: Pressure-Enthalpy Diagram for Refrigerant 134a _____________________________________ 40
Figure 3.5: Pressure-Enthalpy Diagram for Refrigerant 1234yf ___________________________________ 41
Figure 3.6: Pressure-Enthalpy Diagram for Refrigerant 1234ze(E) ________________________________ 42
Figure 3.7: Pressure-Enthalpy Diagram for Refrigerant 407C ____________________________________ 43
Figure 3.8: Pressure-Enthalpy Diagram for Refrigerant 410A ____________________________________ 44
Figure 3.9: Pressure-Enthalpy Diagram for Refrigerant 717 (Ammonia) ____________________________ 45
Figure 3.10: Pressure-Enthalpy Diagram for Refrigerant 718 (Water/Steam) ________________________ 46
Figure 3.11: Pressure-Enthalpy Diagram for Refrigerant 744 (Carbon Dioxide) ______________________ 47
Figure 3.12: Pressure-Enthalpy Diagram for Refrigerant 600a (Isobutane) __________________________ 48
Figure 3.13: Pressure-Enthalpy Diagram for Refrigerant 729 (Air) _________________________________ 49
Figure 4.1: Enthalpy-Concentration Diagram for Ammonia/Water Solutions _________________________ 51
Figure 4.2: Enthalpy-Concentration Diagram for Water/Lithium Bromide Solutions ____________________ 52
Figure 4.3: Equilibrium Chart for Aqueous Lithium Bromide Solutions ______________________________ 53
Figure 4.4: Specific Gravity of Aqueous Solutions of Lithium Bromide ______________________________ 54
Figure 4.5: Specific Heat of Aqueous Lithium Bromide Solutions __________________________________ 54
Figure 4.6: Viscosity of Aqueous Solutions of Lithium Bromide ___________________________________ 54
Figure 6.1: ASHRAE Summer and Winter Comfort Zones _______________________________________ 57
Figure 11.1: Friction Chart for Round Duct ( = 1.20 kg/m3 and  = 0.09 mm) ______________________ 115
Figure 11.2: Pressure Drop in Straight, Circular, Sheet Metal Ducts 20C air _______________________ 116
-
1|Page

PART-A: REFRIGERATION
 2|Page
1. Refrigerants P-H Charts & Tables (SI Unit)

Table 1.1: Refrigerant 12 (Dichlorodifluoromethane) Properties of Saturated Liquid and Saturated Vapor
3|Page

Figure 1.1: Pressure-Enthalpy Diagram for Refrigerant 22

4|Page
Table 1.2: Refrigerant 22 (Chlorodifluoromethane) Properties of Saturated Liquid and Saturated Vapor
5|Page

Figure 1.2: Pressure-Enthalpy Diagram for Refrigerant 22

6|Page
Table 1.3: Refrigerant 32 (Difluoromethane) Properties of Saturated Liquid and Saturated Vapor
7|Page

Figure 1.3: Pressure-Enthalpy Diagram for Refrigerant 32

 8|Page
Table 1.4: Refrigerant 134a (1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane) Properties of Saturated Liquid and Saturated Vapor
9|Page
Table 1.5: Refrigerant 134a Properties of Superheated Vapor
10 | P a g e
Table 1.6: Refrigerant 134a Properties of Superheated Vapor (Concluded)
11 | P a g e

Figure 1.4: Pressure-Enthalpy Diagram for Refrigerant 134a

12 | P a g e
Table 1.7: Refrigerant 1234yf (2,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-1-ene) Properties of Saturated Liquid and
Saturated Vapor
13 | P a g e

Figure 1.5: Pressure-Enthalpy Diagram for Refrigerant 1234yf

14 | P a g e
Table 1.8: Refrigerant 1234ze(E) (Trans-1,3,3,3-Tetrafluoropropene) Properties of Saturated Liquid
and Saturated Vapor
15 | P a g e

Figure 1.6: Pressure-Enthalpy Diagram for Refrigerant 1234ze(E)

16 | P a g e
Table 1.9: Refrigerant 407C [R-32/125/134a (23/25/52)] Properties of Liquid on Bubble Line and
Vapor on Dew Line
17 | P a g e

Figure 1.7: Pressure-Enthalpy Diagram for Refrigerant 407C

18 | P a g e
Table 1.10: Refrigerant 410A [R-32/125 (50/50)] Properties of Liquid on Bubble Line and Vapor on
Dew Line
19 | P a g e

Figure 1.8: Pressure-Enthalpy Diagram for Refrigerant 410A

20 | P a g e
Table 1.11: Refrigerant 717 (Ammonia) Properties of Saturated Liquid and Saturated Vapor
21 | P a g e

Figure 1.9: Pressure-Enthalpy Diagram for Refrigerant 717 (Ammonia)

22 | P a g e
Table 1.12: Refrigerant 718 (Water/Steam) Properties of Saturated Liquid and Saturated Vapor
23 | P a g e

Figure 1.10: Pressure-Enthalpy Diagram for Refrigerant 718 (Water/Steam)

24 | P a g e
Table 1.13: Refrigerant 744 (Carbon Dioxide) Properties of Saturated Liquid and Saturated Vapor
25 | P a g e

Figure 1.11: Pressure-Enthalpy Diagram for Refrigerant 744 (Carbon Dioxide)

26 | P a g e
Table 1.14: Refrigerant 600a (Isobutane) Properties of Saturated Liquid and Saturated Vapor
27 | P a g e

Figure 1.12: Pressure-Enthalpy Diagram for Refrigerant 600a (Isobutane)

28 | P a g e
Table 1.15: Refrigerant 729 (Air) Properties of Liquid on the Bubble Line and Vapor on the Dew Line
29 | P a g e

Figure 1.13: Pressure-Enthalpy Diagram for Refrigerant 729 (Air)

30 | P a g e
2. Vapour Absorption Charts & Tables (SI Unit)
Table 2.2: Refrigerant Temperature (t’ = °C) and Enthalpy (h = kJ/kg) of Lithium Bromide Solutions

Table 1.1: Specific Volume of Saturated Ammonia-Water Solutions, m3/kg

31 | P a g e

Figure 2.1: Enthalpy-Concentration Diagram for Ammonia/Water Solutions

32 | P a g e

Figure 2.2: Enthalpy-Concentration Diagram for Water/Lithium Bromide Solutions

33 | P a g e

Figure 2.3: Enthalpy of Li-Br Water Solutions

34 | P a g e

Figure 2.4: Temperature Pressure Concentration Diagram of Saturated LiBr-Water Solutions

35 | P a g e

Figure 2.5: Equilibrium Chart for Aqueous Lithium Bromide Solutions

36 | P a g e

Figure 2.6: Specific Density of Aqueous Solutions

Figure 2.8: Specific Heat of Aqueous Lithium
of Lithium Bromide
Bromide Solutions

Figure 2.7: Viscosity of Aqueous Solutions of Lithium

Bromide
37 | P a g e
3. Refrigerant P-H Charts (I-P Unit)

Figure 3.1: Pressure-Enthalpy Diagram for Refrigerant 12

38 | P a g e

Figure 3.2: Pressure-Enthalpy Diagram for Refrigerant 22

39 | P a g e

Figure 3.3: Pressure-Enthalpy Diagram for Refrigerant 32

40 | P a g e

Figure 3.4: Pressure-Enthalpy Diagram for Refrigerant 134a

41 | P a g e

Figure 3.5: Pressure-Enthalpy Diagram for Refrigerant 1234yf

42 | P a g e

Figure 3.6: Pressure-Enthalpy Diagram for Refrigerant 1234ze(E)

43 | P a g e

Figure 3.7: Pressure-Enthalpy Diagram for Refrigerant 407C

44 | P a g e

Figure 3.8: Pressure-Enthalpy Diagram for Refrigerant 410A

45 | P a g e

Figure 3.9: Pressure-Enthalpy Diagram for Refrigerant 717 (Ammonia)

46 | P a g e

Figure 3.10: Pressure-Enthalpy Diagram for Refrigerant 718 (Water/Steam)

47 | P a g e

Figure 3.11: Pressure-Enthalpy Diagram for Refrigerant 744 (Carbon Dioxide)

48 | P a g e

Figure 3.12: Pressure-Enthalpy Diagram for Refrigerant 600a (Isobutane)

49 | P a g e

Figure 3.13: Pressure-Enthalpy Diagram for Refrigerant 729 (Air)

50 | P a g e
4. Vapour Absorption Charts & Tables (I-P Unit)
Table 4.2: Refrigerant Temperature (t´ = °F) and Enthalpy (h = Btu/lb) of Lithium Bromide Solutions

Table 3.1: Specific Volume of Saturated Ammonia-Water Solutions, ft3/lb

51 | P a g e

Figure 4.1: Enthalpy-Concentration Diagram for Ammonia/Water Solutions

52 | P a g e

Figure 4.2: Enthalpy-Concentration Diagram for Water/Lithium Bromide Solutions

53 | P a g e

Figure 4.3: Equilibrium Chart for Aqueous Lithium Bromide Solutions

54 | P a g e

Figure 4.5: Specific Gravity of Aqueous Solutions

of Lithium Bromide

Figure 4.6: Viscosity of Aqueous Solutions of

Lithium Bromide

Figure 4.4: Specific Heat of Aqueous Lithium

Bromide Solutions
55 | P a g e
5. Physical Properties & Comparison of Different Refrigerants

Table 5.1: Physical Properties of Selected Refrigerants

56 | P a g e

Table 5.2: Comparative Refrigerant Performance per Kilowatt of Refrigeration

57 | P a g e
6. Psychrometry

Figure 6.1: ASHRAE Summer and Winter Comfort Zones

[Acceptable ranges of operative temperature and humidity with
air speed  0.2 m/sfor people wearing 1.0 and 0.5 clo clothing
during primarily sedentary activity (1.1 met)].
58 | P a g e

Table 6.1: Thermodynamic Properties of Moist Air at Standard Atmospheric Pressure, 101.325 kPa
59 | P a g e
60 | P a g e
Table 6.2: Thermodynamic Properties of Water at Saturation
61 | P a g e
62 | P a g e
63 | P a g e

Table 6.3: Thermodynamic Properties of Water at Superheat

64 | P a g e
65 | P a g e
66 | P a g e
67 | P a g e
68 | P a g e
69 | P a g e
70 | P a g e
71 | P a g e
72 | P a g e
73 | P a g e

PART-B: AIR-CONDITIONING
74 | P a g e
7. Thermal Resistance & Other Properties of Building Materials

Table 7.1: Thermal Resistance of Unit Areas of Selected Building Materials at 24C mean temperatures
75 | P a g e

*** Note: Use the following equation for direct unit conversion
Thermal Resistance : 1 h.ft2.F/BTU = 0.17611 m2.K/W
1 m2.K/W = 5.62787 h.ft2.F/BTU
1 m.K/W = 1.7307 h.ft.F/BTU
1 h.ft.F/BTU = 0.57778 m.K/W
Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient : 1 BTU/h.ft2.F = 5.67826 W/ m2.K
1 W/ m2.K = 0.17611 BTU/h.ft2.F
76 | P a g e
8. Heat Transfer Through Opaque Surfaces
Table 8.1: Cooling Load Temperature Differences (CLTD) for Different Flat Roofs (Ref: Ashrae Fundamentals 1997, I-P Unit)

***Note: All the tables for wall & roof can be used for 0N to 50N without significant error.

***Note: All the tables for wall & roof can be used for 0N to 50N without significant error.

***Note: All the tables for wall & roof can be used for 0N to 50N without significant error.
77 | P a g e
Table 8.2: Roof Numbers Used in the Previous Table

*** Note: Use the following equation for direct unit conversion
Celsius to Fahrenheit and vice-versa: 1 C/5 = (F-32)/9
Thermal Resistance : 1 h.ft2.F/BTU = 0.17611 m2.C/W
1 m2.C/W = 5.62787 h.ft2.F/BTU

***The reciprocal (inverse) of thermal resistance is overall heat transfer coefficient (U),
So for particular ‘U’ value, use the inverse of the thermal resistance
78 | P a g e
Table 8.3: Cooling Load Temperature Differences for Different Flat Roofs (Ref: Edward G. Pita’s Book, I-P Unit)
79 | P a g e
80 | P a g e
Table 8.4: Cooling Load Temperature Differences (CLTD) for Different Flat Roofs
(Ref: Stockers Jones’s Book, SI Unit)
81 | P a g e
Table 8.5: Code Numbers with Description of Different Building Materials (I-P Unit)

*** Note: Use the following equation for direct unit conversion
Length/Width/Diameter (Dimension) : 1 inch = 2.54 cm
1 inch = 25.4 mm
1 inch = 0.0254 m
1 meter = 39.37 inch
1 millimeter = 0.03937 inch
82 | P a g e
Table 8.6: July Cooling Load Temperature Differences (CLTD) for Sunlit Walls 40°North Latitude (Ref: Ashrae Fundamentals 1997, I-P Unit)
83 | P a g e
84 | P a g e
85 | P a g e
86 | P a g e
87 | P a g e

*** For SI or MKS unit use the following formula for corrected CLTD,
Corr. CLTD = CLTD + (25 - tr) + (tm-29), Where all the temperatures are in degree Celsius

*** Note: Use the following equation for direct unit conversion
Celsius to Fahrenheit and vice-versa: 1 C/5 = (F-32)/9
Thermal Resistance : 1 h.ft2.F/BTU = 0.17611 m2.C/W
1 m2.C/W = 5.62787 h.ft2.F/BTU

***The reciprocal (inverse) of thermal resistance is overall heat transfer coefficient (U),
So for particular ‘U’ value, use the inverse of the thermal resistance
88 | P a g e
Table 8.7: Wall Types (Used in the Previous Table), Mass Located Inside Insulation.
89 | P a g e
Table 8.8: Wall Types (Used in the Required Table), Mass Evenly Distributed.
90 | P a g e
Table 8.9: Wall Types (Used in the Required Table), Mass Evenly Distributed.
91 | P a g e

Table 8.10: July Cooling Load Temperature Differences (CLTD) for Sunlit Walls 40°North Latitude (Ref: Edward G. Pita’s Book, I-P Unit)
92 | P a g e
93 | P a g e
Table 8.11: Wall Construction with Group Description Used in the Previous Table

*** Note: Use the following equation for direct unit conversion
Weight per unit area : 1 lb/ft2 = 4.8824 Kg/m2
1 Kg/m2 = 0.204816 lb/ft2
Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient : 1 BTU/h.ft2.F = 5.67826 W/ m2.C
1 W/ m2.C = 0.17611 BTU/h.ft2.F
94 | P a g e
Table 8.12: July Cooling Load Temperature Differences (CLTD) for Sunlit Walls 40°North Latitude
(Ref: Stocker Jones’s Book, SI Unit)
95 | P a g e
96 | P a g e
Table 8.13: CLTD Correction For Latitude And Month Applied To Walls And Roofs, North Latitudes,
(F)

***Since Bangladesh Coordinates is: 23.6850° N, 90.3563° E

So use 24° N Latitudes for Bangladesh
97 | P a g e
9. Heat Transfer Through Fenestration

Table 9.1: Maximum Solar Heat Gain Factor (SHGF), BTU/h.ft2 for Sunlit Glass, North Latitudes

***Since Bangladesh Coordinates is: 23.6850° N, 90.3563° E

So use 24° N Latitudes for Bangladesh
98 | P a g e

Table 9.3: Shading Coefficient (SC) for Glass wih or without Shading Devices (I-P Unit)

***Unit Conversion : 1 inch = 25.4 mm

1 mm = 0.0398 inch

Table 9.2: Maximum Solar Heat Gain Factor (SHGF), W/m2 for Sunlit Glass, North Latitudes

*** Bangladesh Coordinates is: 23.6850° N, 90.3563° E and due to lack of data 32N can be used.

*** Note: Use the following equation for direct unit conversion
Heat Flux Density : 1 BTU/h.ft2 = 3.1546 W/ m2
1 W/ m2 = 0.3170 BTU/h.ft2
99 | P a g e
Table 9.6: Cooling Load Temperature Differences for Conduction through Glass

*** Make the CLTD correction for

other temperatures as like wall or roof.

Table 9.4: Cooling Load Factors (CLF) for Glass with Interior Shading

Table 9.5: Shading Coefficient (SC) for Glass wih or without Shading Devices (S-I Unit)
100 | P a g e

Table 9.7: Cooling Load Factors (CLF) for Glass without Interior Shading, in North Latitude Spaces Having Carpeted Floors
101 | P a g e

Table 9.8: Cooling Load Factors (CLF) for Glass without Interior Shading, in North Latitude Spaces Having Un-Carpeted Floors
102 | P a g e

Table 9.9: Cooling Load Factors (CLF) for Glass with Interior Shading, in North Latitude (All Room Constructions)
103 | P a g e
10. Internal Heat Gain
Table 10.1: Cooling Load Factors for Lighting
104 | P a g e
Table 10.3: Rates of Heat Gain from Occupants (People), Btu/h, of Conditioned Space

***Unit Conversion: Power : 1 W = 3.4121 Btu/h 1 Btu/h = 0.29307 W

Table 10.2: Rates of Heat Gain from Occupants (People), W, of Conditioned Space
105 | P a g e

Table 10.4: Recommended Space for Occupants (People)

Table 10.5: Sensible Heat Cooling Load Factors (CLF) for People
106 | P a g e
Table 10.6: Rates of Heat Gain from Equipment
107 | P a g e
108 | P a g e
109 | P a g e
110 | P a g e
111 | P a g e
112 | P a g e
Table 10.7: Heat Gain from Typical Electric Motors

***Unit Conversion
Power : 1 W = 3.4121 Btu/h
1 Btu/h = 0.29307 W
113 | P a g e
Table 10.10: Outdoor Air Requirements for Ventilation

Table 10.9: Infiltration Constants for Infiltration

Table 10.8: Minimum Mechanical Ventilation Requirement Rates

114 | P a g e

Table 10.11: Air Changes Rates

***Unit Conversion : 1 CFM = 0.000471947 m3/s

1 m3/s = 2118.88 CFM CFM (Cubic Feet per Minute)
115 | P a g e
11. Duct Design

Figure 11.1: Friction Chart for Round Duct ( = 1.20 kg/m3 and  = 0.09 mm)

Table 11.1: Circular Equivalents of Rectangular Duct for Equal Friction and Capacity
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Figure 11.2: Pressure Drop in Straight, Circular, Sheet Metal Ducts 20C air, Absolute
Roughness 0.00015m
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Table 11.2: Equivalent Flat Oval Duct Dimensions
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PART-C: APPENDIX
12. Physical Properties of Materials
Table 12.1: Properties of Vapors
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Table 12.2: Properties of Liquids
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Table 12.3: Properties of Solids
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