HANSRAJ SMARAK SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL

POCKET - E DILSHAD GARDEN

ASSIGNMENT - EQUILIBRIUM
Class 11 - Chemistry

Section A
1. What do you mean by degree of dissociation.
2. Give an example of an acidic buffer.
3. A tank is full of water. Water is coming in as well as going out at same rate. What will happen to level
of water in a tank ? What is name given to such state?
4. What is basic buffer?
5. Why the solution of sugar in water does not conduct electricity whereas that of common salt in water
does?
6. The pKa of acetic acid and pKb of ammonium hydroxide are 4.76 and 4.75 respectively. Calculate the
pH of ammonium acetate solution.
7. What is physical equilibrium? Give an example.
8. The dimethyl ammonium ion, (CH3)2 NH2+, is a weak acid and ionizes to a slight degree in water.

What is its conjugate base?

9. If Qc < Kc, when we continuously remove the product, what would be the direction of the reaction?
10. Define solubility product.
Section B
11. Ionic product of water at 310 K is 2.7 × 10 −14
. What is the pH of neutral water at this temperature?
12. The pH of 0.1 M monobasic acid is 4.50. Calculate the concentration of species H+, A- and HA at
equilibrium. Also, determine the value of Ka and pKa of the monobasic acid.
13. Following data is given for the reaction: CaCO3(s) → CaO(s) + CO2(g)
∘ −1
Δf H [CaO(s)] = −635.1kJ mol

∘ −1
Δf H [C O2 (g)] = −393.5kJ mol

∘ −1
Δf H [CaC O3 (s)] = −1206.9kJ mol

Predict the effect of temperature on the equilibrium constant of the above reaction.
14. Under what conditions a water electrolyte can have high degree of ionization ?
15. How does a catalyst affect the equilibrium constant?
16. What is meant by conjugate acid base pair? Find the conjugate acid/ base for the following species:
HNO2, CN-, HClO4, F-, OH-, CO2−
3
, S
2-

17. Which of the following are Lewis acids?

H2O, BF3, H+ and N H4+
18. The concentration of hydrogen ions in a sample of soft drink is 3.8 × 10−3 M . What is the pH value?
19. Define ionic equilibrium.

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20. What is meant by reaction quotient?
21. H2 (g) + I2 (g) ⇌ 2HI (g)

What is the relationship between Kp and Kc?

22. S O3 is Bronsted base or acid and why?

2−

23. Mention the general characteristics of equilibria involving physical processes.

24. The dissociation of HI is independent of pressure, while dissociation of PCl5 depends upon the

pressure applied. Why?

25. Define solubility product
26. The pH of a sample of vinegar is 3.76. Calculate the concentration of hydrogen ion in it.
27. The equilibrium constant of a reaction increases with rising in temperature. Is the reaction exo – or
endothermic?
28. Why does the addition of inert gas not change the equilibrium at constant volume?
29. What factors does the equilibrium constant of a reaction depend?
30. Calculate the pH of 1.0 × 10-8 M solution of HCl.
Section C
31. Arrange the following in increasing order of pH.
KNO3(ag), CH3COONa(ag), NH4Cl(ag), C6H5COONH4 (aq)

32. The ionization constant of chloroacetic acid is 1.35× 10-3. What will be the pH of 0.1 M acid and its 0.1
M sodium salt solution?
33. A 0.02 M solution of pyridinium hydrochloride has pH = 3.44. Calculate the ionization constant of
pyridine.
34. The ionization constant of phenol is 1.0 × 10 . What is the concentration of phenolate ion in 0.05
−10

M solution of phenol? What will be its degree of ionization if the solution is also 0.01 M in sodium
phenolate?
35. Nitric oxide reacts with bromine and gives nitrosyl bromide as per reaction given below:
2N O(g) + Br2 (g) ⇌ 2N OBr(g)

When 0.087 mole of NO and 0.0437 mole of Br2 are mixed in a closed container at constant

temperature, 0.0518 mole at NOBr is obtained at equilibrium. Determine the compositions of the
equilibrium mixture.
36. Does the number of moles of reaction products increase, decrease, or remain the same when each of
the following equilibria is subjected to a decrease in pressure by increasing the volume?
a. P C l5 (g) ⇌ P C l3 (g) + C l2 (g)

b. CaO(s) + CO2 (g) ⇌ CaC O3 (g)

c. 3F e(s) + 4 H2 O(g) ⇌ F e3 O4 (s) + 4 H2 (g)

37. The degree of ionization of a 0.1M bromoacetic acid solution is 0.132. Calculate the pH of the solution
and the pKa of bromoacetic acid.

38. The value of Kc for the reaction 2HI(g) ⇌ H2(g) + I2(g) is 1× 10-4

At a given time, the composition of the reaction mixture is [HI] = 2× 10-5 mol, [H2] = 1× 10-5 mol and

[I2] = 1× 10-5 mol. In which direction, will the reaction proceed?

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39. pH of a solution of a strong acid is 5.0. What will be the pH of the solution obtained after diluting the
given solution 100 times?
40. Point out the difference between ionic product and solubility product.
41. The average concentration of SO2 in the atmosphere over a city on a certain day is 10 ppm when the
average temperature is 298 K. Given that the solubility of SO2 in water at 298 K is 1.3653 mol/L and

the pKa of H2SO3 is 1.92, estimate the pH of acid rain on that day.
42. Which of the following reactions will get affected by increase in pressure? Also mention whether the
change will cause the reaction to go to the right or left direction.
a. C H4 (g) + 2 S2 (g) ⇌ C S2 (g) + 2 H2 S (g)

b. CO2 (g) + C(s) ⇌ 2CO(g)

c. 4N H3 (g) + 5 O2 (g) ⇌ 4N O(g) + 6 H2 O(g)

d. C2 H4 (g) + H2 (g) ⇌ C2 H6 (g)

e. COCl2 (g) ⇌ CO(g) + C l2 (g)

f. CaCO3 (s) ⇌ CaO(s) + C O2 (g)

43. The reaction CO(g) + 3H2 (g) ⇌ C H4 (g) + H2 O(g) is at equilibrium at 1300 K in a 1L flask. It also
contain 0.30 mol of CO, 0.10 mol of H2 and 0.02 mol of H2O and an unknown amount of CH4 in the
flask. Determine the concentration of CH4 in the mixture. The equilibrium constant, Kc for the
reaction at the given temperature is 3.90.
44. Equal volumes of 0.002 M solutions of sodium iodate and copper chlorate are mixed together. Will it
lead to precipitation of copper iodate? For copper iodate, Ksp = 7.4 × 10
−8
.
45. Give the generalizations concerning the composition of equilibrium mixtures.
46. Predict which of the following will have appreciable concentration of reactants and product:
a. C l2 (g) ⇌ 2Cl(g); kc = 5 × 10
−39

b. Cl2 (g) + 2N O(g) ⇌ 2N OCl(g); Kc = 3.7 × 10

8

c. C l2 (g) + 2N O2 (g) ⇌ 2N O2 Cl(g); Kc = 1.8

47. The ionisation constant of dimethylamine is 5.4 x 10-4. Calculate its degree of ionisation in Its 0.02 M
solution. What percentage of dimethylamine is ionised if the solution is also 0.1 M in NaOH?
48. Following reactions occur in a Blast furnace.
F e2 O3 (s) + 3CO (g) ⇌ 2F e( s) + 3C O2 (g)

use Le chatelier's principle to predict the direction of reaction when equilibrium mixture is disturbed
by
(a) adding Fe2O3 (b) removing CO2 (c) removing CO.
49. What is the minimum volume of water required to dissolve 1g of calcium sulphate at 298 K. For
calcium sulphate, Ksp .
−6
= 9.1 × 10

50. A mixture of 1.57 mol of N2, 1.92 mol of H2 and 8.13 mol of NH3 is introduced into a 20 L reaction
vessel at 500 K. At this temperature, the equilibrium constant Kc for the reaction

is 1.7 × 10
−2
N2 (g) + 3 H2 (g) ⇌ 2N H3 (g)

Is this reaction at equilibrium? If not, what is the direction of net reaction?

Section D
51. Bromine monochloride (BrCl) decomposes into bromine and chlorine and reaches the equilibrium:
2BrCl(g) ⇌ Br2 (g) + C l2 (g)

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 for which Kc is 32 at 500 K. If initially pure BrCl is present at a concentration of 3.3 × 10 ,
−3 −1
mol L

what is its molar concentration in the mixture at equilibrium?

52. On the basis of Le Chatelier principle explain how temperature and pressure can be adjusted to
increase the yield of ammonia in the following reaction:
N2(g) + 3H2(g) ⇌2NH3(g)

ΔH = -92.38 kJmol-1
What will be the effect of the addition of argon to the above reaction mixture at constant volume?

53. The first ionization constant of H2S is 9.1 × 10 . Calculate the concentration of HS- ions in its 0.1 M
−8

solution and how will this concentration be affected if the solution is 0.1 M in HCl also? If the second
dissociation constant of H2S is 1.2 × 10−13 , calculate the concentration of S2- under both conditions.

54. Reaction between N2 and O2- takes place as follows:

2 N2 (g) + O3 (g) ⇌ 2 N2 O(g)

If a mixture of 0.482 mol of N2 and 0.933 mol of O2 is placed in a 10 L reaction vessel and allowed to

form N2O at a temperature for which Kc determines the composition of the

−37
= 2.0 × 10

equilibrium mixture.
55. One of the reactions that take place in producing steel from iron ore is the reduction of iron (II) oxide
by carbon monoxide to give iron metal and CO2
F eO(s) + CO(g) ⇌ F e(s) + C O2 (g); Kp = 0.265 atm at 1050 K

What is the equilibrium partial pressures of CO and CO2 at 1050 K if the initial pressures are:

pC O = 1.4 atm and PC O = 0.80 atm?

2

56. Equilibrium constant Kc for the reaction, N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) ⇌ 2N H3 (g) at 500 K is 0.061.

At a particular time, the analysis shows that the composition of the reaction mixture is: 3.0 mol L-1 of

N2,. 2.0 mol L-1 of H2 and 0.50 mol L-1 of NH3. Is the reaction at equilibrium? If not, in which direction
does the reaction tend to proceed to reach the equilibrium?
57. What is the pH of 0.001 M aniline solution? The ionization constant of aniline is
. Calculate degree of ionization of aniline in the
+ −
C6 H5 N H2 + H2 O ⇌ C6 H5 N H + OH
3

solution. Also calculate the ionization constant of the conjugate acid of aniline.
58. Ethyl acetate is formed by the reaction of ethanol and acetic acid and the equilibrium is represented
as:
C H3 COOH(l) + C2 H5 OH(l) ⇌ C H3 COOC2 H5 (l) + H2 O(l)

a. Write the concentration ratio (concentration quotient) Qc for this reaction. Note that water is not

in excess and is not a solvent in this reaction.

b. At 293 K, if one starts with 1.000 mol of acetic acid and 0.180 mol of ethanol, there is 0.171 mol of
ethyl acetate in the final equilibrium mixture. Calculate the equilibrium constant.
c. Starting with 0.50 mol of ethanol and 1.000 mol of acetic acid and maintaining it at 293 K, 0.214
mol of ethyl acetate is found after some time. Has equilibrium been reached?
59. Calculate the degree of ionization of 0.05 M acetic acid if its pKa value is 4.74. How is the degree of

dissociation affected when its solution also contains

a. 0.01 M

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 b. 0.1 M HCl?
60. At 1127 K and 1 atmosphere pressure, a gaseous mixture of CO and CO2 in equilibrium with solid

carbon has 90.55% CO by mass.

C(s) + C O2 (g) ⇌ 2CO(g)

Calculate Kc for the reaction at the above temperature.

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