Chapter 2 - Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance

Chapter 2 - Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance
The crucial Class 12 Physics Revision Notes on electrostatics builds on the

previous chapter about electric charges. Here you will delve into the
following topics:
 Electric potential - This is the amount of energy needed to move a

charge from point X to point Y.
 Electrostatic capacitance - The amount of charge that a capacitor

can hold.
 Comparison of charge and mass.
Chapter 3 - Current Electricity
With our quick Revision Notes for Physics Class 12, students will learn
what happens when an electric charge moves. Amongst the many
important topics discussed in this chapter, some of them are:
 Definition and formula for electric current.
 Current carriers and drift velocity.
 Ohm’s law.
 Electrical resistance - The obstruction that a conductor poses to the

flow of electric current.
 Kirchhoff’s law.
Chapter 4 - Moving Charges and Magnetism
In our plus Two Physics Quick Revision Notes of chapter 4, you will find out
all about magnetism and how moving charges can induce magnetic fields.
The salient topics of this chapter are:
 Force on a moving charge.
 Magnetic field strength.
 Biot-Savart’s law and its applications
 Ampere’s circuital law and its application.

 Cyclotron - A device that can accelerate and energize charged
particles.
Chapter 5 - Magnetism and Matter
Our crucial Physics Class 12 Revision Notes acquaint you with magnets
and their properties. Along with learning about different types of magnet,
you will also learn a few other topics in this chapter, which are:
 Definition and formula for the magnetic field.
 Lorentz Force - Force that a charged particle experiences in a space

where both magnetic and electric fields are present.
 How charged particles move in a uniform magnetic field.
 The magnetic field at the center of a circular coil that is carrying

current.
 The solenoid.
Chapter 6 - Electromagnetic Induction
Our CBSE Revision Notes Class 12 Physics on electromagnetic induction

takes off from the previous chapter, where we learned that an electric
charge could produce a magnetic field. This chapter describes how
magnetism can give rise to electricity. The key takeaways of this chapter
are:
 Magnetic flux - the number of magnetic lines of force passing

through an area in the magnetic field.
 Faraday’s law of EMI (Electromagnetic induction) - First and second

law.
 Lenz’s Law.
 Eddy current.
 Dynamic EMI due to translatory motion.
 Inductance - Self-induction, mutual induction
Chapter 7 - Alternating Current

In our Revision Notes Class 12 Physics of chapter 7, students will learn
about currents that change directions periodically. The key points
discussed here are:
 Explanation of an alternating current and its formula.
 AC that contains only resistance, only capacitance, or only

inductance.
 AC that carries all the three (inductance, capacitance, and resistance)

and series.
 Electric resonance.
 Benefits of using AC - AC Generator, Transformer
 Displacement current.
Chapter 8 - Electromagnetic Waves
Our crucial revision Class 12 Physics Notes CBSE is based on the

interesting topics of EM waves. EM waves are generated when electric and
magnetic fields act upon each other. Some key aspects of this chapter
discussed in the notes are:
 EM waves - definition, properties, practical use in day-to-day life.
 Maxwell’s experiment and his correction of Ampere’s circuital law.
 Sources and nature of EM waves.
 EM spectrum - classification of EM waves based on their wavelength

or frequency.
 RADAR technology.
Chapter 9 - Ray Optics and Optical Instruments
The crucial NCERT Physics Class 12 Notes for chapter 9 contains a detailed
explanation of lights (reflection, refraction) and the magical effects created
by prisms. You will learn all about optical instruments and more in this
Class 12 Physics NCERT Notes. Here is a synopsis of what all is covered in
this chapter:
 Rectilinear propagation of light.

 Reflection of light.
 Spherical mirrors - deriving mirror formula, magnification
 Refraction of light - refractive index, Snell’s law of refraction,

refraction through curved surfaces.
 Total internal reflection.
 Thin lens - optical center, the center of curvature, principal axis.
Chapter 10 - Wave Optics
Our detailed Notes of Class 12 Physics will explain the features of the light
and how it travels as a wave. The main sub-topics of this chapter are:
 Explanation of a wavefront.
 Huygens’s principle.
 Principle of superposition.
 Interference of light and its illustrations.
 YDSE - Young’s double-slit experiment.
 Doppler’s effect.
 Diffraction of light - Fresnel, Fraunhofer.
 The polarisation of light.
Chapter 11 - Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter
In our crucial Physics Class 12 Notes CBSE students will get well-versed
with the nature of matter as a wave as well as a particle. The chapter has
many important experiments and theorems; some of them are listed
below:
 Dual nature of radiation.
 Electric discharge.
 Forces that an electron experiences in an electric and magnetic field

- electric field, magnetic field, the photoelectric effect.
 Laws of the photoelectric effect - Einstein’s theory of photoelectric
effect.
 Davisson and Germer experiment.
 Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle.
 Electron microscope.
Chapter 12 - Atoms
In our revision Notes for Class 12 Physics, Atoms, students will learn the
fundamentals of atoms (nucleus, isotopes, isobars, etc.) and its structure.
Here are some of the main topics covered in this chapter:
 Nucleus - isotopes, isobars, nuclear size, nuclear density.
 Nuclear fission
 Nuclear reactors.
 Cathode rays.
 Photoelectric effect.
 Rutherford’s planetary model of an atom.
 H.Geiger and E.Marsden experiment of alpha particle scattering.
Chapter 13 - Nuclei
With our crucial notes on Nuclei, you will get in-depth knowledge of the
small dense matter at the center of an atom called the nucleus. Some
salient points of this chapter are:
 Structure and composition of the nucleus - protons and neutrons,

atomic number, atomic mass.
 Nuclear binding energy.
 Nuclear force.
 Radioactive decay.
 Half-life.
Chapter 14 - Semiconductor Electronics: Materials, Devices, and
Simple Circuits
The crucial Notes for Physics Class 12, chapter 14 defines a

semiconductor, a device to direct the flow of electrons without the need
for external heat or vacuum. Some of the main points discussed in this
chapter are:
 Energy bands in solids.
 Semiconductors - N-Type extrinsic semiconductors.
 Transistor.
 Digital signals.
 Logic gates - AND, OR, NAND, etc.
 Analog signals.
Chapter 15 - Communication Systems
In our revision notes for the last chapter in Physics, you will find
communication systems (receivers, transmitters). The highlights of this
chapter are detailed below:
 Definition of communication systems and how it evolved over time.
 Modes of communication - point-to-point, broadcast.
 Terminologies related to communication - Transducer, signal types,

amplitude, frequency, phase.
 Signal propagation - attenuation, amplification, range, bandwidth,

modulation.
 Propagation of EM waves.
Related Physics Class 12 Links
 Calculating the Value of an Electric Field
 Wave Theory of Light

 A Single Concept to Explain Everything in Ray Optics Plane Mirrors
 Changing States of Matter
 Liquid - State of Matter
 Capacitance
 Capacitor and Capacitance
 Difference Between Ammeter and Galvanometer
 Dielectric Properties
 Electrical Insulator

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Chapter 2 - Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance

The crucial Class 12 Physics Revision Notes on electrostatics builds on the

 Electric potential - This is the amount of energy needed to move a

 Electrostatic capacitance - The amount of charge that a capacitor

 Comparison of charge and mass.

Chapter 3 - Current Electricity

 Definition and formula for electric current.

 Current carriers and drift velocity.

 Electrical resistance - The obstruction that a conductor poses to the

Chapter 4 - Moving Charges and Magnetism

 Force on a moving charge.

 Magnetic field strength.

 Biot-Savart’s law and its applications

 Ampere’s circuital law and its application.

Chapter 5 - Magnetism and Matter

 Definition and formula for the magnetic field.

 Lorentz Force - Force that a charged particle experiences in a space

 How charged particles move in a uniform magnetic field.

 The magnetic field at the center of a circular coil that is carrying

Chapter 6 - Electromagnetic Induction

Our CBSE Revision Notes Class 12 Physics on electromagnetic induction

 Magnetic flux - the number of magnetic lines of force passing

 Faraday’s law of EMI (Electromagnetic induction) - First and second

 Dynamic EMI due to translatory motion.

 Inductance - Self-induction, mutual induction

Chapter 7 - Alternating Current

 Explanation of an alternating current and its formula.

 AC that contains only resistance, only capacitance, or only

 AC that carries all the three (inductance, capacitance, and resistance)

 Benefits of using AC - AC Generator, Transformer

Chapter 8 - Electromagnetic Waves

Our crucial revision Class 12 Physics Notes CBSE is based on the

 EM waves - definition, properties, practical use in day-to-day life.

 Maxwell’s experiment and his correction of Ampere’s circuital law.

 Sources and nature of EM waves.

 EM spectrum - classification of EM waves based on their wavelength

Chapter 9 - Ray Optics and Optical Instruments

 Rectilinear propagation of light.

 Spherical mirrors - deriving mirror formula, magnification

 Refraction of light - refractive index, Snell’s law of refraction,

 Total internal reflection.

 Thin lens - optical center, the center of curvature, principal axis.

Chapter 10 - Wave Optics

 Interference of light and its illustrations.

 YDSE - Young’s double-slit experiment.

 Diffraction of light - Fresnel, Fraunhofer.

 The polarisation of light.

Chapter 11 - Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter

 Dual nature of radiation.

 Forces that an electron experiences in an electric and magnetic field

 Davisson and Germer experiment.

 Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle.

 Nucleus - isotopes, isobars, nuclear size, nuclear density.

 Rutherford’s planetary model of an atom.

 H.Geiger and E.Marsden experiment of alpha particle scattering.

 Structure and composition of the nucleus - protons and neutrons,

 Nuclear binding energy.

The crucial Notes for Physics Class 12, chapter 14 defines a

 Energy bands in solids.