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    Composition of Atmosphere Notes

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    Ferlynne Marie Bernardino
    The document summarizes the composition and structure of the atmosphere. It states that the atmosphere is composed of a mixture of gases including nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, water vapor, and dust particles. The composition varies with altitude, and 99% of the atmosphere's mass is within 32 km of the Earth's surface. The structure of the atmosphere consists of five layers - the troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, and exosphere - each characterized by variations in temperature with altitude.

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    Composition of Atmosphere Notes

    Uploaded by

    Ferlynne Marie Bernardino
    36 views3 pages
    The document summarizes the composition and structure of the atmosphere. It states that the atmosphere is composed of a mixture of gases including nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, water vapor, and dust particles. The composition varies with altitude, and 99% of the atmosphere's mass is within 32 km of the Earth's surface. The structure of the atmosphere consists of five layers - the troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, and exosphere - each characterized by variations in temperature with altitude.

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    Composition of Atmosphere notes

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    The document summarizes the composition and structure of the atmosphere. It states that the atmosphere is composed of a mixture of gases including nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, water vapor, and dust particles. The composition varies with altitude, and 99% of the atmosphere's mass is within 32 km of the Earth's surface. The structure of the atmosphere consists of five layers - the troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, and exosphere - each characterized by variations in temperature with altitude.

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    36 views3 pages

    Composition of Atmosphere Notes

    Uploaded by

    Ferlynne Marie Bernardino
    The document summarizes the composition and structure of the atmosphere. It states that the atmosphere is composed of a mixture of gases including nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, water vapor, and dust particles. The composition varies with altitude, and 99% of the atmosphere's mass is within 32 km of the Earth's surface. The structure of the atmosphere consists of five layers - the troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, and exosphere - each characterized by variations in temperature with altitude.

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    Composition of Atmosphere –

    Geography Study Material & Notes


    The composition of Atmosphere is said to be a mixture of different gases. It envelops around the
    Earth. 99% of total mas of atmosphere is confined to highest of 32 km from the Earth’s surface.

    Permanent gases of the Atmosphere

     Atmosphere is consists of various gases, water vapour and dust particles.


     The presence of oxygen becomes negligible at the height of 120 km from the surface of
    earth with regards to the composition of atmosphere.
     Carbon dioxide and water vapour occur only upto 90 km.
     Carbon dioxide is meteorically very important as it is transparent to incoming solar
    radiation but opaque to outgoing terrestrial radiation. It is also responsible for greenhouse
    effect.
     Ozone gas: 10-50 km above earth surface and acts as filter, absorbing ultraviolet rays
    from the sun. Ozone prevents the rays from reaching the surface of earth.
     Water vapour is variable gas, decreases with altitude.
     It also decreases from equator towards the poles.
     Acts like blanket allowing the earth to neither to become too cold nor too hot. Also
    contributes to the stability and instability in the air.
     Dust particles: are in higher concentration in subtropical and temperate regions due to
    dry winds in comparison to equatorial and polar regions.
     Dust particles act as a hygroscopic nuclei over which water vapour of atmosphere
    condenses to produce clouds.

    The composition of atmosphere varies with local environmental factors also.

     
    Structure of Atmosphere:
    There are five layers in the structure of atmosphere depending upon temperature.

    I. Troposphere:

     It is the lowermost layer.


     13 km height average with 8 km at poles and 18 km at equator (lesser at poles and greater
    at equator).
     The thickness is 18 km at equator because heat is transported to great heights by strong
    convectional currents.
     This layer has adult particles and water vapour.
     Climate and weather changes occur here.
     Temperature decreases at rate of 1 degrees celcius for every 165 m of height.
     Zone separating troposphere from stratosphere is called tropopause.
     Temperature at tropopause is minus eighty degrees celcius over equator and minus forty
    five degrees celcius over the poles. This remains constant through the year.

    II. Stratosphere

     It is found above the troposphere.


     extends upto 50 km of height.
     Has ozone layer – absorbs ultraviolet radiation and shields life on earth from harmful
    energy.

    III. Mesosphere:

     Above stratosphere
     reaches till 80 km height.

     Temperature decreases with altitude  here, by 80 km it reaches minus hundred  degrees


    celcius .
     The upper limit is called mesopause.

    IV. Ionosphere or Thermosphere:

     80 to 400 km above mesopause.
     Ionosphere consists of electrically charged particles known as ions.
     Radio waves which are transmitted from the earth are reflected back by this layer.
     Temperature here increases with height.

    V. Exosphere:

     It is the outermost layer.


     Not much is known about this layer.

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