Naga College foundation, Inc.

MT Villanueva Ave. Naga City

Senior High School Department

21st Century

LITERATURE

From the Philippines and the World

1st Quarter Module 1
Geographic, linguistic, and ethnic dimensions of Philippine literary
history from pre-colonial to the contemporary.
 Prepared by: Jerwin G Mojico

INTRODUCTION
21st Century Literature from the Philippines and the World Module aims to engage students
in appreciation and critical study of 21st Century Literature from the Philippines and the World,
encompassing their various dimensions, genres, elements, structures, contexts, and traditions.
This module allows the students to embark on a journey from Philippine regions to the
different parts of the world through various literary encounters.
This module has varied parts which consist of the following:
 Review
 Pre-test
 Priming activity
 Analysis
 Abstraction
 Application
 Reflection
 Post-test

Every module targets a specific learning competency and asks learners to perform multiple
tasks.

REMINDERS:

 Use the module with care especially in turning each page.

 Be reminded to answer the Pre-Test before moving on to the lesson Proper.
 Read and understand the directions in every exercises.
 Observe honesty in answering the tests and exercises.
 Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of this module.
 Try to finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
MODULE 1
Most Essential Learning Competency:
Identify geographic, linguistic, and ethnic dimensions of Philippine literary
history from pre-colonial to the contemporary.
EN12Lit-Ia-21
The use of this module requires every learner to demonstrate understanding of
transformation in the Philippine literature through times. Through this, each learner will
experience how language, ethnic and geographic dimensions contribute and are
influenced by changes in the government.
At the end of the lesson, you are expected to:
 Identify various dimensions of Philippine literary history from pre-colonial to
contemporary;
 Enumerate differences between and among periods of Philippine literature as
presented by geographic, linguistic, and ethnic dimensions;
 Show appreciation of the early and contemporary forms of Philippine literature.

REVIEW

Studying literature can be very easy with the right amount of knowledge gained from
your journey in the past. Do you know how our literature landscape has evolved? For
your next journey, this module will guide you in gathering more literary tools that will
surely make learning more convenient.

PRE-TEST

DIRECTIONS: Circle the corresponding letter of the best answer for each item.

1. Jose Rizal’s works such as Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo were written to awake
the mind of our countrymen.

A. Spanish Period B. American Period C. Japanese Period D. Period of Enlightenment

2. The Philippines had literature such as legends, folktales, folksongs, and the like.

A. Spanish Period B. Japanese Period C. Pre-Spanish Period D. Period of Enlightenment

 3. In this period, religious books were written such as Doctrina Cristiana and Urbana and
Felisa to support or contradict the Catholic Church.

A. Spanish Period B. American Period C. 21st Century Period D. Period of

Enlightenment

4. Filipino writers went into all forms of literature like news, reporting, poetry, stories
plays,
essays, and novels which clearly depicted their love of country and their longings for
independence.

A. Edsa I Period B. American Period C. Pre-Spanish Period D. The 3rd Republic

Period

5. Filipino literature was given a break during this period for the English literature was
prohibited to use. Many wrote plays, poems short stories, etc. Topics and themes were
often about life in the provinces.

A. Japanese Period B. American Period C. Pre-Spanish Period D. The 3rd Republic

Period

KEEPING THE TRACK

Our forefathers already had their own literature which was reflected in their customs
and traditions. They had their own alphabet even before they were colonized. Their alphabet
was burned by the Spanish friars in the belief that they were works of the devil or were
written on materials that easily perished, like the barks of trees, dried leaves and bamboo
cylinders which could not have remained undestroyed even if efforts were made to preserve
them. Other records that remained showed folk songs that proved existence of a native
culture truly our own. Some of these were passed on by word of mouth till they reached the
hands of some publishers or printers who took interest in printing the manuscripts of the
ancient Filipinos. Our unique geographic location is the reason of having rich and varied
form of literature.

Pre-Spanish Literature is characterized by

LEGENDS-Legends are a form of prose the common theme of which is about the
origin of a thing, place, location or name. The events are imaginary, devoid of truth
and unbelievable. Old Filipino customs are reflected in these legends.
FOLK TALES-Folk tales are made up of stories about life, adventure, love, horror and
humor where one can derive lessons about life. These are useful to us because they
help us appreciate our environment, evaluate our personalities and improve our
perspectives in life. An example of this is THE MOON AND THE SUN.
THE EPIC AGE-Epics are long narrative poems in which a series of heroic
achievements or events, usually of a hero, are dealt with at length. Nobody can
 determine which epics are the oldest because in their translations from other
languages, even in English and Spanish.
FOLK SONGS. Folk songs are one of the oldest forms of Philippine literature that
emerged in the pre-Spanish period. These songs mirrored the early forms of culture.
Many of these have 12 syllables. Examples of which are Kundiman, Kumintang o
Tagumpay, Ang Dalit o Imno, Ang Oyayi o Hele, Diana, Soliraning and Talindaw

Other forms of Pre-Spanish Poetry

Epigrams (Salawikain) is oldest form of Philippine literature that emerged in the pre-
Spanish period. These songs mirrored the early forms of culture.
Riddles (Bugtong) or Palaisipan are made up of one or more measured lines with
rhyme and may consist of four to 12 syllables. It is known as tigmo in Cebuano,
paktaton in Ilongo and patototdon in Bicol.
Chant (Bulong) is used in witchcraft or enchantment.
Sayings (Kasabihan) are often used in teasing or to comment on a person’s
actuations.

Task 1: IT’S REAL

DIRECTIONS: Given below are sample literary pieces. Explain each by providing real-
life
scenarios or situations.

“May tenga ang lupa, may pakpak ang balita”

In a barangay, someone was infected with Covid 19 virus. An old woman heard
about it and found out that it was her neighbour. After she heard about it she shared
it to her colllegues and those people she had shared about it also spread it to others.
And some people posted it on social media so the news spread quickly.

THE MOON AND THE SUN (Tingguian folk tale)

Once, the Sun and the Moon were married. They shared a home in the sky. When the
Moon left to collect vegetables from the jungle, she asked the Sun to guard their sleeping
children. She also warned him to stay a safe distance away from the babies, since his heat
would burn them. The Sun kept close watch over the children. But he was overcome with
affection for them, and wanted to kiss them goodnight. He forgot the Moon’s warning,
leaned over the babies, and they melted beneath him. Horrified at his foolishness and afraid
of his wife’s rage, the Sun hid. The Moon came back to an empty sky house, and discovered
what happened. After some time, the Sun returned, and he and the Moon had a terrible
fight. The Sun threw the jungle Vegetables at the Moon’s face, and that was the final straw.
The Moon abandoned the Sun for good. This is why, on a full night, you can see the marks
left by the Sun against the Moon’s face. The lost children have become stars. And the Sun
constantly chases the Moon, trying to win back her affections.
 A father involved himself into a crime to earn money for his family. The man hid it to his family
in fear that they would loathe him for what he's doing. Then, one day, a group of bad guys invade
their house and attacked his family but he was not home. When he got home, he was very shocked
of what happened to his family and regreted everything that he has done. This is the real scenario
that can explain the folktale ' The moon and the sun'. The folktale was about family and
responsibility.

Spanish Period (1565-1898)

Look at the picture.

What can you recall from the
discussion you had with your
history teacher?

DO YOU KNOW THAT?

-During these times, many changes occurred in the lives of Filipinos:

-embraced the Catholic religion
-changed their names
-were baptized.

Literature in this period may be classified as religious prose and

poetry and secular prose and poetry.
SPANISH INFLUENCES ON PHILIPPINE LITERATURE

-The first Filipino alphabet called ALIBATA was replaced by the Roman alphabet.
-The teaching of the Christian Doctrine became the basis of religious practices.
-The Spanish language which became the literary language during this time lent many
of its words to our language.
- European legends and traditions brought here became assimilated in our songs,
corridos, and moro-moros.
- Ancient literature was collected and translated to Tagalog and other dialects.
- Many grammar books were printed in Filipino, like Tagalog, Ilocano and Visayan.
- Our periodicals during these times gained a religious tone.

THE FIRST BOOKS

ANG DOCTRINA CRISTIANA (THE CHRISTIAN DOCTRINE). This was the first book
printed in the Philippines in 1593 in xylography.
Nuestra Señora del Rosario. It contains the biographies of saints, novenas, and
questions and answers on religion.
Libro de los Cuatro Postprimeras de Hombre (in Spanish and Tagalog). This is the first
book printed in typography.
Ang Barlaan at Josephat. This is a Biblical story printed in the Philippines and translated
to Tagalog from Greek by Fr. Antonio de Borja.
The Pasion. This is the book about the life and sufferings of Jesus Christ. It is read only
during Lent.

FOLK SONGS
Folk songs became widespread in the Philippines. Each region had its national song
from the lowlands to the mountains of Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao. They truly
manifest the artistic feelings of the Filipinos. They show the Filipinos’ innate
appreciation for and love of beauty. The examples are Leron-Leron Sinta, Pamulinawen,
Dandansoy, Sarong Banggi and Atin Cu Pung Sing-sing.

RECREATIONAL PLAYS. There are many recreational plays performed by

Filipinos during the Spanish times. Almost all of them were in poetic form.
Tibag – The word tibag means to excavate. This ritual was brought here by the
Spaniard to remind the people about the search of St. Helena for the Cross on which
Jesus died.
Lagaylay – This is a special occasion for the Pilareños of Sorsogon during Maytime to
get together.
The Cenaculo – This is a dramatic performance to commemorate the passion and death
of Jesus Christ.
Panunuluyan – This is presented before 12:00 on Christmas Eve. This is a presentation
of the search of the Virgin Mary and St. Joseph for an inn to deliver the baby Jesus.
The Salubong (or Panubong) - The Salubong is an Easter play that dramatizes the
meeting of the Risen Christ and his Mother. It is still presented in many Philippine
towns.
Carillo (Shadow Play) – this is a form of dramatic entertainment performed on a
moonless night during a town fiesta or on dark nights after a harvest.
Zarzuela – considered the father of the drama; it is a musical comedy or melodrama
three acts which dealt with man’s passions and emotions like love, hate, revenge,
cruelty, avarice or some social or political proble.
Sainete – this was a short musical comedy popular during the 18th century. They were
exaggerated comedies shown between acts of long plays and were mostly performed
by characters from the lower classes. Themes were taken from everyday life scenarios.
MORO-MORO. Like the Cenaculo, the Moro-moro is presented also on a special stage.
This is performed during town fiestas to entertain the people and to remind them of
their Christian religion.
KARAGATAN. This is a poetic vehicle of a socio-religious nature celebrated during the
death of a person.
DUPLO. The Duplo replaced the Karagatan. This is a poetic joust in speaking and
reasoning. The roles are taken from the Bible and from proverbs and saying. It is
usually played during wakes for the dead.
BALAGTASAN. This is a poetic joust or a contest of skills in debate on a particular topic
or issue. This is replaced the DU-PLO and is held to honor Francisco “Balagtas” Baltazar.
THE DUNG-AW. This is a chant in free verse by a bereaved person or his representative
beside the corpse of the dead. No definite meter or rhyming scheme is used.

TASK 2: REFLECT ON ME
DIRECTIONS: Write a reflective essay highlighting the message of the excerpt of one of
the most famous literary pieces during Spanish time, Pasyon, in the first box and draw
the theme being revealed in the second box.
 KASAYSAYAN NG PASYONG MAHAL NI HESUKRISTONG PANGINOON
NATIN
(COPYRIGHT 1949 BY IGNACIO LUNA & SONS)
Panalangin sa Diyos Oh Diyos
sa kalangitan Hari ng sangkalupaan
Diyos na walang kapantay,
mabait lubhang maalam
at puno ng karunungan.
Ikaw ang Amang tibobos
ng nangungulilang lubos
amang di matapus-tapos,
maawi't mapagkupkop sa taong lupa't alabok. Iyong itulot sa amin
Diyos Amang maawain mangyaring aming dalitin,

REFLECTIVE ESSAY
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DRAWING
Period of Enlightenment (1872- 1898)
In 19th Century, Filipino intellectuals educated in Europe called ilustrados began to
write about the hitch of colonization.
The 300 years with Spaniards marked the longest colonial period in the Philippine
history. Due to the need to see new hope in the midst of multitude, the Filipino spirit
reawakened when the 3 priests Gomez, Burgos and Zamora were guillotined without
sufficient evidence of guilt.
The Propaganda Movement (1872-1896)
This movement was spearheaded mostly by the intellectual middle-class like Jose Rizal,
Marcelo del Pilar; Graciano Lopez Jaena, Antonio Luna, Mariano Ponce, Jose Ma.
Panganiban, and Pedro Paterno.
Some of Rizal’s writings:
1. NOLI ME TANGERE- This was the novel that gave spirit to the propaganda
movement and paved the way to the revolution against Spain.
2. EL FILIBUSTERISMO- This is a sequel which exposed those in the government
and in the church.
3. MI ULTIMO ADIOS- This was a poem by Rizal while he was incarcerated at Fort
Santiago.
4. SOBRE LA INDOLENCIA DE LOS FILIPINOS (On the Indolence of the Filipinos) -
An essay on the so-called Filipino indolence and an evaluation of the reasons for
such allegations.
5. FILIPINAS DENTRO DE CIEN AÑOS- An essay predicting the increasing influence
of the US in the Philippines and the decreasing interest of Europe.
 Some of Del Pilar’s writings
1. PAGIBIG SA TINUBUANG LUPA (Love of Country). Translated from the Spanish
AMOR PATRIA of Rizal, published on August 20, 1882, in Diariong Tagalog.
Dear Ilustrados,2. KAIINGAT KAYO (Be Careful). A humorous and sarcastic dig in answer to Fr. Jose
Rodriquez
I would like to take in the novel
this opportunity NOLI of Rizal,
to express publishedand
my gratitude in Barcelona in 1883.
appreciation for all of
3. DASALAN AT TOCSOHAN (Prayers and Jokes). Similar to a cathecism but
your contribution in our freedom. Thank you for fighting for our freedom. Thank you for
sarcastically done against the parish priests, published in Barcelona in 1888.
all of your contribution in the Philippine Literature. All of your writings are significant in
Some
the Philippine of Jaena’s
Literature. writings
Your writings awakened the filipino spirit and enlighten their
minds of the situation
1. ANG of the BOTOD
FRAY country.(Friar
It also has aOne
Botod). great contribution
of his in the
works written in present
Jaro, Iloilo in 1876,
because by reading sixyour
years afterwill
works thegive
Cavite. Revolt
us a view or attacking the friars
make us aware in the
of what Philippines.
happened in He
the history. Thankexposed
you andhowyousome of the friars
will always were
stay in ourgreedy, ambitious
mind and heart. and immoral.
2. LA HIJA DEL FRAILE (The Child of the Friar) and EVERYTING IS HAMBUG
(Everything is mere show). Here Jaena explains the tragedy of marrying a
Spaniard.
Truly Yours,
3. SA MGA PILIPINO...1891) A speech which aimed to improve the condition of the
Filipinos to become free and progressive. Christina
4. TALUMPATING PAGUNITA KAY KOLUMBUS (An Oration to Commemorate
Columbus). A speech he delivered in Madrid on the 39th anniversary of the
discovery of American.

Task 3 DEAR OH DEAR

DIRECTIONS: Make a gratitude letter addressed to ilustrados indicating the importance
of their writings in the attainment of nation’s freedom and in the development of
Philippine literature. Use the template below to do the task.
You are indeed awesome! You are doing your best to explore the evolution of Philippine
Literature.

The American Regime (1898-1944)

After having been colonized by the Spaniards, a new set of colonizers brought about
new changes in Philippine literature. Linguistically, Americans influenced Filipino writers
to write using English language. English as medium of instruction was introduced in the
schools as intellectual language of education.
Jose Garcia Villa became famous for his free verse. Angela Manalang Gloria used free
verse in writing her poetry about illicit love.
Alongside this development, writers in the provinces continued to use vernacular
language. Some of them are Lope K. Santos, Valeriano Hernandez Pena and Patricio
Mariano. Ameri can’s influence was evident in the fusion of American pop cultures and
romantic tradition such as Edgar Rice Burroughs’ Tarzan by F.P Boquecosa who also
penned Ang Palad ni Pepe after Charles Dicken’s David Copperfield.
The active arousal in the field of literature started to be felt in the following
newspapers.
EL NUEVO DIA (The New Day). Established by Sergio Osmeña in 1900. The American
censors twice banned this and threatened Osmeña with banishment because of his
nationalistic writings.
EL GRITO DEL PUEBLO (The Call of the Nation). Established by Pascual Poblete in 1900.
EL RENACIMIENTO (The Rebirth). Founded by Rafael Palma in 1901.
Plays written during the period
KAHAPON, NGAYON AT BUKAS (Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow). Written by Aurelio
Tolentino depicting the suppression done by the Americans and their plan to colonize
the Philippines.
TANIKALANG GINTO of Juan Abad. MALAYA by Tomas Remigio.
WALANG SUGAT by Severino Reyes.

Characteristics of Literature during this period

During the first year of the American period, the languages used in writing
were Spanish and Tagalog and the dialects of the different regions, but
Spanish and Tagalog predominated.
The writers in Tagalog continued in their lamentations on the conditions of
the country and their attempts to arouse love for one’s native tongue.
The writers in English imitated the themes and methods of the Americans.

Task 4 TRACE AND RACE

DIRECTIONS: Describe the changes happened in our literature from Spanish Period to
American Period. Put emphasis on the language used and the influences contributed by
Americans and Spaniards in the Philippine literature.

Spanish Period Enlightenment American

Period Period

The Japanese Period (1941-1945)

Between 1941-1945, Philippine Literature was interrupted in its development when the
Philippines was again conquered by another foreign country, Japan. Philippine literature
in English came to a halt. Except for the TRIBUNE and the PHILIPPINE REVIEW, almost
all newspapers in English were stopped by the Japanese.

FILIPINO POETRY DURING THIS PERIOD

The common theme of most poems during the Japanese occupation was nationalism,
country, love, and life in the barrios, faith, religion and the arts.
Three types of poems emerged during this period. They were:
1. Haiku – a poem of free verse that the Japanese like. It was made up of 17
syllables divided into three lines. The first line had 5 syllables, the second, 7
syllables, and the third, five. The Haiku is allegorical in meaning, is short and
covers a wide scope in meaning.

Calm, peace and planet

Trees, and plants keep us alive,
All are gently green

2. Tanaga- is a type of short filipino poem, consisting of four lines with seven
syllables each with the same rhyme at the end of each line.
“Tahak ng tingin, tulak
Ng sulyap, yakap, lapat
Ng titig sa balikat,
Hatak pa, kindat, hakat”

3. Karaniwang anyo (Usual form)

THE FILIPINO SHORT STORY DURING THE JAPANESE PERIOD

The field of the short story widened during the Japanese Occupation. Many wrote short
stories, among them were: Brigido Batungbakal, Macario Pineda, Serafin Guinigindo,
Liwayway Arceo, Narciso Ramos, NVM Gonzales, Alicia Lopez Lim, Ligaya Perez, and
Gloria Guzman.
PHILIPPINE LITERATURE IN ENGLISH (1941-1945)
Because of the strict prohibitions imposed of the Japanese in the writing and publishing
of works in English, Philippine literature in English experienced a dark period.
POETRY IN ENGLISH DURING THIS PERIOD
For the first twenty years, many books were published both in Filipino and in English.
THE NEW FILIPINO LITERATURE DURING THIS PERIOD
Philippine literature in Tagalog was revived during this period. Most themes in the
writings dealt with Japanese brutalities, of the poverty of life under the Japanese
government and the brave guerilla exploits.

Task 5. SPOT THE DIFFERENCE

DIRECTIONS: Compare the Philippine literature during American and Japanese
regime.

Phil. Literature Phil. Literature

during American during Japanese
regime regime

Period of Activism (1970-1972)

According to Pociano Pineda, youth activism in 1970-72 was due to domestic and
worldwide causes. Activism is connected with the history of our Filipino youth. Because
of the ills of society, the youth moved to seek reforms. Some continued to believe that
the democratic government is stable and that it is only the people running the
government who are at fault. Some believed that socialism or communism should
replace democracy. Some armed groups were formed to bring down the democratic
form of government.
THE LITERARY REVOLUTION
The youth became vocal with their sentiments. They demanded change in the
government. This was manifested in the bloody demonstrations and in the sidewalk
expressions but also in literature. Campus newspapers were written to show their
protest. They held pens and wrote on placards in red paint the equivalent of the word
MAKIBAKA (To dare!).

Task 6 LET YOUR VOICE BE HEARD

DIRECTIONS: Think of one social issue the country is facing off right now. Write your
stand about the issue on a placard in a poetic way.

Period of the New Society (1972- 1980)

The period of the New Society started on September 21, 1972. The Carlos Palanca
Awards continued to give annual awards. Almost all themes in most writings dealt with
the development or progress of the country – like the Green Revolution, family
planning, proper nutrition, environment, drug addiction and pollution. The New Society
tried to stop pornography or those writings giving bad influences on the morals of the
people.
FILIPINO POETRY DURING THE PERIOD OF THE NEW SOCIETY
Poems dealt with patience, regard for native culture, customs and the beauties of
nature and surroundings. Those who wrote poetry during this period were: Ponciano
Pineda, Aniceto Silvestre, Jose Garcia Revelo, Bienvenido Ramos, Vicente Dimasalang,
Cir Lopez Francisco, and Pelagio Sulit Cruz.
THE PLAY UNDER THE NEW SOCIETY
In this period, old plays and dramas were revived like the Tagalog Zarzuela, Cenaculo
and the Embayoka of the Muslims which were presented in the rebuilt Metropolitan
Theater, the Folk Arts Theater and the Cultural Center of the Philippines.
COMICS, MAGAZINES AND OTHER PUBLICATIONS
During this period of the New Society, newspapers donned new forms. News on
economic progress, discipline, culture, tourism and the like were favored more than the
sensationalized reporting of killings, rape and robberies. Filipinos before were hooked in
reading magazines and comics. Given below are some of the examples.

Liwayway is a leading Tagalog weekly magazine published in the Phil-ippines since

1922. It contains Tagalog serialized novels, short stories, po-etry, serialized comics,
essays, news features, entertainment news and ar-ticles, and many others. In fact, it is
the oldest Tagalog magazine in the Philippine. Kislap is a well read ko in the ’50s, was a
magazine of general interest: Movie, song, radio, fiction, features. But its come-on was
colored movie ads which served as the magazine’s cover. The two became the outlets
for writers to publish their works in the new society period.
Task 7 Exploring the Old

DIRECTIONS: One of the famous movies during this time is Maynila sa mga Kuko ng
Liwanag. Interview your parents/ grandparents about the movie, and write a
summary of it.

Movie poster of Maynila sa mga kuko ng liwanag.

Image source: https://video48.blogspot.com/2013/08/famas-1975-maynila-sa-mga-kuko-ng.html?m=1

Period of the Third Republic (1981-1985)

After ten years of military rule and some changes in the life of the Filipino which started
under the New Society, Martial Rule was at last lifted on January 2, 1981. The
Philippines became a new nation and this; former President Marcos called “The New
Republic of the Philippines.”
FILIPINO POETRY- Poems during this period of the Third Republic were romantic and
revolutionary. Writers wrote openly of their criticism against the government. The
supplications of the people were coached in fiery, colorful, violent, profane and insulting
language.
FILIPINO SONGS- Many Filipino songs dealt with themes that were really true-to-life
like those of grief, poverty, aspirations for freedom, love of God, of country and of
fellowmen.
CHILDREN’S BOOKS- Among the well-loved forms of writing which abounded during
this period were those of children’s stories. The Children’s Communication Center (CCC)
directed by poet and writer Virgilio S. Almario already.
Task 9: I Can Say
DIRECTIONS: Complete the statements below to state your point of view about the
kind, style, theme or purpose of the authors during this period.
I feel that
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I think
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I hope that
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------------------------------------------------------------------------------------.
Good job! You are now approaching the new era.

Post- Edsa I Revolution (1986-1995)

History took another twist. Once more, the Filipino people regained their independence
which they lost twenty years ago. In the span of four days from February 21-25, 1986,
the so-called People Power (Lakas ng Bayan) prevailed. Together, the people
barricaded the streets petitioning the government for changes and reforms. Freedom
became a reality – won through a peaceful, bloodless and God-blessed revolution.
THE STATE OF LITERATURE DURING THIS PERIOD:
In the short span of the existence of the true Republic of the Philippines, several
changes already became evident. This in noticed in the new Filipino songs, in the
newspapers, in the speeches, and even in the television programs.
On Newspapers and other publications: Newspapers which were once branded crony
newspapers became instant opposition papers overnight. This was true of BULLETIN
TODAY which became the opposition paper. The now crony newspapers that enjoyed
an overnight increase in circulation were THE INQUIRER, MALAYA, and the PEOPLE’S
JOURNAL.

Task 9 Saying a Song

DIRECTIONS: One of the songs in this era is the song Ang Bayan Ko. Describe the
emotions of Filipinos and situations of the country by interpreting each paragraph that
can be found on the next page.
Ang bayan kong Pilipinas ______________________________
Lupain ng ginto't bulaklak ______________________________
Pag-ibig na sa kanyang palad ______________________________
Nag-alay ng ganda't dilag ______________________________

At sa kanyang yumi at ganda

Dayuhan ay nahalina ______________________________
Bayan ko, binihag ka ______________________________
Nasadlak sa dusa ______________________________
______________________________

CHORUS
Ibon mang may layang lumipad ______________________________
Kulungin mo at umiiyak ______________________________
Bayan pa kayang sakdal-dilag ______________________________
Ang 'di magnasang makaalpas ______________________________

Pilipinas kong minumutya

Pugad ng luha at dalita ______________________________
Aking adhika ______________________________
Makita kang sakdal laya ______________________________
______________________________
21st Century Period
Filipino writers continue to write poetry, short stories, novellas, novels, and essay
whether these are socially committed, gender/ethnic related or are personal in intention
or not. Of course the Filipino writers have become more conscious of their art with
proliferation of writers workshop here and abroad and the bulk of literature available to
him via the mass media including internet.
The new trends have been used and introduced to meet the need and taste of new
generation. 21st Century learners are demanded to be ICT inclined to compete globally
so as the style and format of writing as well. New codes or lingos are used to add flavor
in the literary pieces produced nowadays.

Task 10
DIRECTIONS: From Period of Activism to 21st Century Period, young writers have
contributed significance writings. Write the significant literary historical events during
those times on the box below.

Period of Activism Third Republic

Post-Edsa 1 21st Century Period

You have been at it for quite some time now. After the comprehensive discussion we
had, you are about to apply what you have learned from this module.

APPLICATION
DIRECTIONS: Complete the table below with the information you’ve obtained from our
previous discussion.

Sample Literary Geographical/Ethnic

Year Period
Pieces Dimension

1565 Pre-Spanish Maragtas Visayan

REFLECTION
Directions: Use the ticket to write your reflection about the discussion we have had.
Write 3 new things you’ve learned, 2 realizations you’ve formed, and 1 question in
mind.

3 learnings
_______________________________________________
 _______________________________________________
_______________________________________________

2 realizations
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________

1 question
_______________________________________________

After having comprehensive discussion and intensive tasks, you are about to test your
learning. This tells if you are ready to the new lesson or not.

POST-TEST
Directions: Identify the literary historical period as described by ge-ographic, linguistic,
and ethnic dimensions. encircle the letter of the correct answer.

1. Chant (Bulong) was used in witchcraft or enchantment especially in far places in

Visayas.
A. Japanese Period B. Rebirth of Freedom C. Pre-Spanish Period D. Period of
Enlightenment
2. Lagaylay was used in a special occasion for the Pilareños of Sorsogon during May
time to get together.
A. Spanish Period B. New Society Period C. Pre-Spanish Period D. Period of 3rd
Republic
3. PAGIBIG SA TINUBUANG LUPA was translated from the Spanish AMOR PATRIA of
Rizal, published on August 20, 1882, in Diariong Tagalog.
A. Spanish Period B. American Period C. Pre-Spanish Period D. Period of
Enlightenment
4. Tagalog Zarzuela, Cenaculo and the Embayoka of the Muslims were presented in the
rebuilt Metropolitan Theater, the Folk Arts Theater and the Cultural Center of the
Philippines.
A. New Society Period B. American Period C. 21st Century Period D. 3rd
Republic
5. Haiku, is short with a measure and rhyme consisting of 17 syllables which had
favorable diminishing effect to Tagalog literature.
A. New Society Period B. American Period C. 21st Century Period D. 3rd
Republic

After walking with me in this journey, don’t forget the ultimate goal of learning the
significant events or transitions happened in our Philippine literature. This is just
beginning of more exciting journey in this subject. Remember, we are living in a tropical
country located near the western edge of the Pacific Ocean along the great Ring of fire.
We were born in a place where great poets dwelt to. The diverse ethnic groups we
have add spice on the richness of our heritage. Linguistically, the literature we are
having now is a product of colonization and changes in administration. From the first
language we had, it transforms into a new face of literature. New vocabulary and codes
are used. which transpire the rich heritage of this nation.

REFERENCES
Chua, R. (2016). 21st Century Literature from the Philippines and the
World. Makati: Diwa Learning Systems Inc.
Croghan SJ, Richard V.(1975).The Development of Philippine Litera-
ture in English: Quezon City:Alemar-Phoenix Publishing
House.
Fosdick, Carolyn, and Tarrosa (1954). Literature for Philippine High
Schools. New York: Macmillan Company.
Zaide, Gregorio F. (1970). Jose Rizal: Life, Works and Writings. Ma-
nila: Villanueva Book Store. Retrieved from https://
www.scribd.com/doc/26364271/Philippine-Literature-Pre-
Spanish-Period.